Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
General	General: The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a substantial curtailment of business activities worldwide and has caused weakened economic conditions, both in the United States and abroad. COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, a significant negative impact on the Company's ongoing operations and the end markets in which it serves. The Company has assessed the impacts that COVID-19 has had on its accounting estimates, assumptions and disclosures.
Consolidation	Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition: The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which it adopted on January 1, 2018. Revenue is recognized by the Company when control of the product or solution is transferred to the customer. Control is generally transferred when products are shipped or delivered to customers, title is transferred, the significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred, the Company has rights to payment and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. Customer acceptance may also be a factor in determining whether control of the product has transferred. Although revenue is generally transferred at a point in time, a certain portion of businesses with customized products or contracts in which the Company performs work on customer-owned assets requires the use of an over time recognition model as certain contracts meet one or more of the established criteria pursuant to the accounting standards governing revenue recognition. Also, service revenue is recognized as control transfers, which is concurrent with the services being performed. See Note 4. Management fees related to the Aerospace Aftermarket Revenue Sharing Programs ("RSPs") are satisfied through an agreed upon reduction from the sales price of each of the related spare parts. These fees recognize our customer's necessary performance of engine program support activities, such as spare parts administration, warehousing and inventory management, and customer support, and are not separable from our sale of products, and accordingly, they are reflected as a reduction to sales, rather than as costs incurred, when revenues are recognized.
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents: Cash in excess of operating requirements is invested in short-term, highly liquid, income-producing investments. All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value.
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable: The Company records accounts receivable at net realizable value. Balances are reviewed regularly and reserves are adjusted when events or circumstances indicate carrying values may not be recoverable. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the amended guidance related to credit losses on financial instruments. See "Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" below for additional discussion regarding the application of this amended guidance.
Inventories	Inventories: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. The primary components of cost included in inventories are raw material, labor and overhead. Provisions are made to reduce excess or obsolete inventories to their estimated net realizable value. The process for evaluating the value of excess and obsolete inventory often requires the Company to make subjective judgments and estimates concerning future sales levels, quantities and prices at which such inventory will be sold in the normal course of business and estimated costs. Accelerating the disposal process or changes in estimates based on future sales potential or estimated costs may necessitate future adjustments to these provisions.
Property, plant and equipment	Property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is recorded using a straight-line method of depreciation over estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 20 to 50 years for buildings and four to 12 years for machinery and equipment. The Company assesses the impairment of property, plant and equipment subject to depreciation whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Goodwill	Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess purchase cost over the fair value of net assets of companies acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is considered an indefinite-lived asset. Goodwill is subject to impairment testing in accordance with accounting standards governing such on an annual basis, in the second quarter, or more frequently if an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit has been reduced below its carrying value. Based on the assessment performed there was no goodwill impairment in 2020.
Leases	Leases: Contracts are evaluated at inception to determine whether they contain a lease. Operating lease right-of use assets (“ROUs”) and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date for operating leases with an initial term greater than 12 months. The Company recognizes lease expense for minimum lease payments on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases provide the option to purchase the leased property and are therefore evaluated for finance lease consideration. The depreciable life of leased assets are limited by the expected term of the lease, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option and the Company believes it is reasonably certain of exercise. The Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate by lease term to calculate the present value of our future lease payments if an implicit rate is not specified. See Note 20.
Aerospace Aftermarket Programs	Aerospace Aftermarket Programs: The Company participates in aftermarket RSPs under which the Company receives an exclusive right to manufacture and supply designated aftermarket parts over the life of the related aircraft engine program. As consideration, the Company has paid participation fees, which are recorded as long-lived intangible assets. The Company records amortization of the related intangible asset as sales dollars are being earned based on a proportional sales dollar method. Specifically, this method amortizes each asset as a reduction to revenue based on the proportion of sales under a program in a given period to the estimated aggregate sales dollars over the life of that program. This method reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the RSPs are realized. The Company also entered into Component Repair Programs ("CRPs") that provide for, among other items, the right to sell certain aftermarket component repair services for CFM56, CF6, CF34 and LM engines directly to other customers as one of a few GE licensed suppliers. In addition, the CRPs extended certain existing contracts under which the Company currently provides these services directly to GE. The Company recorded the consideration for these rights as an intangible asset that is amortized as a reduction to sales over the remaining life of these engine programs based on the estimated sales over the life of such programs. This method reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the CRPs are realized. The recoverability of each asset is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the program’s aftermarket parts and services. The Company evaluates these intangible assets for recoverability and updates amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis for the RSPs and on an individual asset program basis for the CRPs. The assets are reviewed for recoverability periodically including whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Annually, the Company evaluates the remaining useful life of these assets to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Management updates revenue projections, which includes comparing actual experience against projected revenue and industry projections. The potential exists that actual revenues will not meet expectations due to a change in market conditions including, for example, the replacement of older engines with new, more fuel-efficient engines or the Company's ability to maintain market share within the Aftermarket business. A shortfall in future revenues may indicate a triggering event requiring a write down or further evaluation of the recoverability of the assets or require the Company to accelerate amortization expense prospectively dependent on the level of the shortfall. Management considered the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the broader aerospace end markets during its evaluation of these intangible assets in 2020. The Company has not identified any impairment of these assets, although changes in projected RSP and CRP revenue has impacted amortization rates that will be applied in remaining periods.
Intangible Assets	Other Intangible Assets: Other intangible assets consist primarily of the Aerospace Aftermarket programs, as discussed above, customer relationships, tradenames, patents and proprietary technology. These intangible assets, with the exception of certain tradenames, have finite lives and are amortized over the periods in which they provide benefit. The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization, whenever significant events or significant changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Tradenames with indefinite lives are subject to impairment testing in accordance with accounting standards governing such on an annual basis, in the second quarter, or more frequently if an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value of the asset has been reduced below its carrying value. Based on the assessments performed during 2020, there were no impairments of other intangible assets. See Note 7.
Derivatives	Derivatives: Accounting standards related to the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Foreign currency contracts may qualify as fair value hedges of unrecognized firm commitments, cash flow hedges of recognized assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions, or a hedge of a net investment. Changes in the fair market value of derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges are recorded directly to earnings or accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, depending on the designation. Amounts recorded to accumulated other non-owner changes to equity are reclassified to earnings in a manner that matches the earnings impact of the hedged transaction. Any ineffective portion, or amounts related to contracts that are not designated as hedges, are recorded directly to earnings. The Company’s policy for classifying cash flows from derivatives is to report the cash flows consistent with the underlying hedged item.
Foreign currency	Foreign currency: Assets and liabilities are translated at year-end rates of exchange; revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange. The resulting translation gains or losses are reflected in accumulated other non-owner changes to equity within stockholders’ equity. Net foreign currency transaction losses of $1,518, $6,485 and $3,879 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were recorded within other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Research and Development	Research and Development: Costs are incurred in connection with efforts aimed at discovering and implementing new knowledge that is critical to developing new products, processes or services, significantly improving existing products or services, and developing new applications for existing products and services. Research and development expenses for the creation of new and improved products, processes and services were $16,949, $15,666 and $16,193, for the years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expense.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits: The Company accounts for its defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans by recognizing the overfunded or underfunded status of the plans, calculated as the difference between plan assets and the projected benefit obligation related to each plan, as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Benefit costs associated with the plans primarily include current service costs, interest costs and the amortization of actuarial losses, partially offset by expected returns on plan assets, which are determined based upon actuarial valuations. Settlement and curtailment losses (gains) may also impact benefit costs. The Company regularly reviews actuarial assumptions, including discount rates and the expected return on plan assets, which are updated at the measurement date, December 31st. The impact of differences between actual results and the assumptions are generally accumulated within Other Comprehensive Income and amortized over future periods, which will affect benefit costs recognized in such periods. The Company bifurcates the components of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other postretirement plans. The service cost component of expense requires presentation with other employee compensation costs in operating income, whereas the other components of expense are reported separately outside of operating income. See Note 13.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based employee compensation plans are accounted for based on their fair value on the grant date and the related cost is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income in accordance with accounting standards related to share-based payments. The fair values of stock options are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on certain assumptions. The fair values of service and performance based share awards are estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The fair values of market based performance share awards are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. See Note 14. The Company accounts for the cost of all share-based payments, including stock options, by measuring the payments at fair value on the grant date and recognizing the cost in the results of operations. The fair values of stock options are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on certain assumptions. The fair values of service and performance based stock awards are estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The fair value of market based performance share awards are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. Estimated forfeiture rates are applied to outstanding awards. Refer to Note 18 for a description of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans and their general terms. As of December 31, 2020, incentives have been awarded in the form of performance share awards and restricted stock unit awards (collectively, “Rights”) and stock options. The Company has elected to use the straight-line method to recognize compensation costs. Stock options and awards typically vest over a period ranging from six months to five years. The maximum term of stock option awards is 10 years. Upon exercise of a stock option or upon vesting of Rights, shares may be issued from treasury shares held by the Company or from authorized shares.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes: Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax effects attributable to temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is determined using tax rates from enacted tax law of the period in which the temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credits are expected to be realized. The effect of the change in income tax rates is recognized in the period of the enactment date. The guidance related to accounting for income taxes requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company is exposed to certain tax contingencies in the ordinary course of business and records those tax liabilities in accordance with the guidance for accounting for uncertain tax positions. See Note 15.
Recently Adopted / Issued Accounting Standards	Recent Accounting Standards The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") establishes changes to accounting principles under U.S. GAAP through the use of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification. The Company evaluates the applicability and potential impacts of recent ASUs on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB amended its guidance related to lease accounting. The amended guidance required lessees to recognize a majority of their leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability. The guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2019. The most significant impact of the guidance was the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities for operating leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company recognized ROU assets and related lease liabilities of $31,724 and $32,579, respectively, related to operating lease commitments as of January 1, 2019. The amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's cash flows or results of operations. See Note 20. In June 2016, the FASB amended its guidance related to credit losses on financial instruments. The amended guidance required the use of a methodology of estimation that reflects expected credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables, as a replacement to the current methodology, which estimates losses based on incurred credit losses. This expected credit loss methodology required that the Company consider a broader range of information when estimating credit losses on receivables. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this amended guidance and applicable FASB updates related to the guidance during the first quarter of 2020 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2017, the FASB amended its guidance related to goodwill impairment testing. The amended guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill, eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, companies should perform their annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Companies would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, assuming the loss recognized does not exceed the total amount of goodwill for the reporting unit. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption was permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this amended guidance during the second quarter of 2018 in connection with its annual goodwill impairment testing and it did not have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2017, the FASB amended its guidance related to hedge accounting. The amended guidance makes more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting, amends presentation and disclosure requirements and changes the assessment of effectiveness. The guidance also more closely aligns hedge accounting with management strategies, simplifies application and increases the transparency of hedging. The amended guidance was effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted in any interim period. The Company adopted the amended guidance on January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements, however it did result in amendments to certain disclosures required pursuant to the earlier guidance. See Note 11. In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance related to the impacts of the tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The guidance permits the reclassification of certain income tax effects of the Act from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings (stranded tax effects). The stranded tax effects resulted from the December 31, 2017 remeasurement of deferred income taxes that was recorded through the Consolidated Statements of Income, with no corresponding adjustment to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income having been initially recognized. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this amended guidance during the first quarter of 2018 using specific identification and as a result reclassified $19,331 from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This reclassification relates only to the change in the U.S. Corporate income tax rate. In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance related to a customer's accounting for implementation, set-up, and other upfront costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is hosted by a vendor (for example, a service contract). Pursuant to the new guidance, customers apply the same criteria for capitalizing implementation costs in a hosting arrangement as they would for an arrangement that has a software license. The new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption was permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The FASB provided the option of applying the guidance retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance, prospectively, during the third quarter of 2018, and it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2018, the FASB amended its guidance related to disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amended requirements serve to remove, add and otherwise clarify certain existing disclosures. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The guidance requires application on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company has adopted this guidance within the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and it did not have a material impact. See Note 13. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2019, the FASB amended its guidance related to income taxes. The amended guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminating certain exceptions to the general income tax principles, in an effort to reduce the cost and complexity of application. The amended guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The guidance requires application on either a prospective, retrospective or modified retrospective basis, contingent on the income tax exception being applied. The Company does not expect that this amended guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. The United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced its intent to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred benchmark alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR. Published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, SOFR represents a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is calculated based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. In March 2020, in response to this transition, the FASB issued guidance related to this rate reform, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued by reference rate reform, and addresses operational issues likely to arise in modifying contracts to replace discontinued reference rates with new rates. The guidance is effective through December 31, 2022. The Company’s Amended Credit Agreement and corresponding interest rate Swaps are tied to LIBOR, with each maturing in February 2026 and January 2022, respectively. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the replacement of LIBOR, but does not anticipate a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

General: The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a substantial curtailment of business activities worldwide and has caused weakened economic conditions, both in the United States and abroad. COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, a significant negative impact on the Company's ongoing operations and the end markets in which it serves. The Company has assessed the impacts that COVID-19 has had on its accounting estimates, assumptions and disclosures.

Consolidation

Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition: The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which it adopted on January 1, 2018. Revenue is recognized by the Company when control of the product or solution is transferred to the customer. Control is generally transferred when products are shipped or delivered to customers, title is transferred, the significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred, the Company has rights to payment and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. Customer acceptance may also be a factor in determining whether control of the product has transferred. Although revenue is generally transferred at a point in time, a certain portion of businesses with customized products or contracts in which the Company performs work on customer-owned assets requires the use of an over time recognition model as certain contracts meet one or more of the established criteria pursuant to the accounting standards governing revenue recognition. Also, service revenue is recognized as control transfers, which is concurrent with the services being performed. See Note 4. Management fees related to the Aerospace Aftermarket Revenue Sharing Programs ("RSPs") are satisfied through an agreed upon reduction from the sales price of each of the related spare parts. These fees recognize our customer's necessary performance of engine program support activities, such as spare parts administration, warehousing and inventory management, and customer support, and are not separable from our sale of products, and accordingly, they are reflected as a reduction to sales, rather than as costs incurred, when revenues are recognized.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash in excess of operating requirements is invested in short-term, highly liquid, income-producing investments. All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable: The Company records accounts receivable at net realizable value. Balances are reviewed regularly and reserves are adjusted when events or circumstances indicate carrying values may not be recoverable. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the amended guidance related to credit losses on financial instruments. See "Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" below for additional discussion regarding the application of this amended guidance.

Inventories

Inventories: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. The primary components of cost included in inventories are raw material, labor and overhead. Provisions are made to reduce excess or obsolete inventories to their estimated net realizable value. The process for evaluating the value of excess and obsolete inventory often requires the Company to make subjective judgments and estimates concerning future sales levels, quantities and prices at which such inventory will be sold in the normal course of business and estimated costs. Accelerating the disposal process or changes in estimates based on future sales potential or estimated costs may necessitate future adjustments to these provisions.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is recorded using a straight-line method of depreciation over estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 20 to 50 years for buildings and four to 12 years for machinery and equipment. The Company assesses the impairment of property, plant and equipment subject to depreciation whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Goodwill

Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess purchase cost over the fair value of net assets of companies acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is considered an indefinite-lived asset. Goodwill is subject to impairment testing in accordance with accounting standards governing such on an annual basis, in the second quarter, or more frequently if an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit has been reduced below its carrying value. Based on the assessment performed there was no goodwill impairment in 2020.

Leases

Leases: Contracts are evaluated at inception to determine whether they contain a lease. Operating lease right-of use assets (“ROUs”) and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date for operating leases with an initial term greater than 12 months. The Company recognizes lease expense for minimum lease payments on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases provide the option to purchase the leased property and are therefore evaluated for finance lease consideration. The depreciable life of leased assets are limited by the expected term of the lease, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option and the Company believes it is reasonably certain of exercise. The Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate by lease term to calculate the present value of our future lease payments if an implicit rate is not specified. See Note 20.

Aerospace Aftermarket Programs

Aerospace Aftermarket Programs: The Company participates in aftermarket RSPs under which the Company receives an exclusive right to manufacture and supply designated aftermarket parts over the life of the related aircraft engine program. As consideration, the Company has paid participation fees, which are recorded as long-lived intangible assets. The Company records amortization of the related intangible asset as sales dollars are being earned based on a proportional sales dollar method. Specifically, this method amortizes each asset as a reduction to revenue based on the proportion of sales under a program in a given period to the estimated aggregate sales dollars over the life of that program. This method reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the RSPs are realized.

The Company also entered into Component Repair Programs ("CRPs") that provide for, among other items, the right to sell certain aftermarket component repair services for CFM56, CF6, CF34 and LM engines directly to other customers as one of a few GE licensed suppliers. In addition, the CRPs extended certain existing contracts under which the Company currently provides these services directly to GE. The Company recorded the consideration for these rights as an intangible asset that is amortized as a reduction to sales over the remaining life of these engine programs based on the estimated sales over the life of such programs. This method reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the CRPs are realized.

The recoverability of each asset is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the program’s aftermarket parts and services. The Company evaluates these intangible assets for recoverability and updates amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis for the RSPs and on an individual asset program basis for the CRPs. The assets are reviewed for recoverability periodically including whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Annually, the Company evaluates the remaining useful life of these assets to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Management updates revenue projections, which includes comparing actual experience against projected revenue and industry projections. The potential exists that actual revenues will not meet expectations due to a change in market conditions including, for example, the replacement of older engines with new, more fuel-efficient engines or the Company's ability to maintain market share within the Aftermarket business. A shortfall in future revenues may indicate a triggering event requiring a write down or further evaluation of the recoverability of the assets or require the Company to accelerate amortization expense prospectively dependent on the level of the shortfall. Management considered the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the broader aerospace end markets during its evaluation of these intangible assets in 2020. The Company has not identified any impairment of these assets, although changes in projected RSP and CRP revenue has impacted amortization rates that will be applied in remaining periods.

Intangible Assets

Other Intangible Assets: Other intangible assets consist primarily of the Aerospace Aftermarket programs, as discussed above, customer relationships, tradenames, patents and proprietary technology. These intangible assets, with the exception of certain tradenames, have finite lives and are amortized over the periods in which they provide benefit. The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization, whenever significant events or significant changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Tradenames with indefinite lives are subject to impairment testing in accordance with accounting standards governing such on an annual basis, in the second quarter, or more frequently if an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value of the asset has been reduced below its carrying value. Based on the assessments performed during 2020, there were no impairments of other intangible assets. See Note 7.

Derivatives

Derivatives: Accounting standards related to the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Foreign currency contracts may qualify as fair value hedges of unrecognized firm commitments, cash flow hedges of recognized assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions, or a hedge of a net investment. Changes in the fair market value of derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges are recorded directly to earnings or accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, depending on the designation. Amounts recorded to accumulated other non-owner changes to equity are reclassified to earnings in a manner that matches the earnings impact of the hedged transaction. Any ineffective portion, or amounts related to contracts that are not designated as hedges, are recorded directly to earnings. The Company’s policy for classifying cash flows from derivatives is to report the cash flows consistent with the underlying hedged item.

Foreign currency

Foreign currency: Assets and liabilities are translated at year-end rates of exchange; revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange. The resulting translation gains or losses are reflected in accumulated other non-owner changes to equity within stockholders’ equity. Net foreign currency transaction losses of $1,518, $6,485 and $3,879 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were recorded within other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Research and Development

Research and Development: Costs are incurred in connection with efforts aimed at discovering and implementing new knowledge that is critical to developing new products, processes or services, significantly improving existing products or services, and developing new applications for existing products and services. Research and development expenses for the creation of new and improved products, processes and services were $16,949, $15,666 and $16,193, for the years 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expense.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits: The Company accounts for its defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans by recognizing the overfunded or underfunded status of the plans, calculated as the difference between plan assets and the projected benefit obligation related to each plan, as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Benefit costs associated with the plans primarily include current service costs, interest costs and the amortization of actuarial losses, partially offset by expected returns on plan assets, which are determined based upon actuarial valuations. Settlement and curtailment losses (gains) may also impact benefit costs. The Company regularly reviews actuarial assumptions, including discount rates and the expected return on plan assets, which are updated at the measurement date, December 31st. The impact of differences between actual results and the assumptions are generally accumulated within Other Comprehensive Income and amortized over future periods, which will affect benefit costs recognized in such periods. The Company bifurcates the components of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other postretirement plans. The service cost component of expense requires presentation with other employee compensation costs in operating income, whereas the other components of expense are reported separately outside of operating income. See Note 13.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based employee compensation plans are accounted for based on their fair value on the grant date and the related cost is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income in accordance with accounting standards related to share-based payments. The fair values of stock options are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on certain assumptions. The fair values of service and performance based share awards are estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The fair values of market based performance share awards are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. See Note 14.

The Company accounts for the cost of all share-based payments, including stock options, by measuring the payments at fair value on the grant date and recognizing the cost in the results of operations. The fair values of stock options are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on certain assumptions. The fair values of service and performance based stock awards are estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The fair value of market based performance share awards are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. Estimated forfeiture rates are applied to outstanding awards.

Refer to Note 18 for a description of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans and their general terms. As of December 31, 2020, incentives have been awarded in the form of performance share awards and restricted stock unit awards (collectively, “Rights”) and stock options. The Company has elected to use the straight-line method to recognize compensation costs. Stock options and awards typically vest over a period ranging from six months to five years. The maximum term of stock option awards is 10 years. Upon exercise of a stock option or upon vesting of Rights, shares may be issued from treasury shares held by the Company or from authorized shares.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax effects attributable to temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is determined using tax rates from enacted tax law of the period in which the temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credits are expected to be realized. The effect of the change in income tax rates is recognized in the period of the enactment date. The guidance related to accounting for income taxes requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company is exposed to certain tax contingencies in the ordinary course of business and records those tax liabilities in accordance with the guidance for accounting for uncertain tax positions. See Note 15.

Recently Adopted / Issued Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") establishes changes to accounting principles under U.S. GAAP through the use of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification. The Company evaluates the applicability and potential impacts of recent ASUs on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB amended its guidance related to lease accounting. The amended guidance required lessees to recognize a majority of their leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability. The guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2019. The most significant impact of the guidance was the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities for operating leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company recognized ROU assets and related lease liabilities of $31,724 and $32,579, respectively, related to operating lease commitments as of January 1, 2019. The amended guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's cash flows or results of operations. See Note 20.

In June 2016, the FASB amended its guidance related to credit losses on financial instruments. The amended guidance required the use of a methodology of estimation that reflects expected credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables, as a replacement to the current methodology, which estimates losses based on incurred credit losses. This expected credit loss methodology required that the Company consider a broader range of information when estimating credit losses on receivables. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this amended guidance and applicable FASB updates related to the guidance during the first quarter of 2020 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB amended its guidance related to goodwill impairment testing. The amended guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill, eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, companies should perform their annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Companies would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, assuming the loss recognized does not exceed the total amount of goodwill for the reporting unit. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption was permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this amended guidance during the second quarter of 2018 in connection with its annual goodwill impairment testing and it did not have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2017, the FASB amended its guidance related to hedge accounting. The amended guidance makes more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting, amends presentation and disclosure requirements and changes the assessment of effectiveness. The guidance also more closely aligns hedge accounting with management strategies, simplifies application and increases the transparency of hedging. The amended guidance was effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted in any interim period. The Company adopted the amended guidance on January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements, however it did result in amendments to certain disclosures required pursuant to the earlier guidance. See Note 11.

In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance related to the impacts of the tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The guidance permits the reclassification of certain income tax effects of the Act from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings (stranded tax effects). The stranded tax effects resulted from the December 31, 2017 remeasurement of deferred income taxes that was recorded through the Consolidated Statements of Income, with no corresponding adjustment to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income having been initially recognized. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this amended guidance during the first quarter of 2018 using specific identification and as a result reclassified $19,331 from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This reclassification relates only to the change in the U.S. Corporate income tax rate.

In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance related to a customer's accounting for implementation, set-up, and other upfront costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is hosted by a vendor (for example, a service contract). Pursuant to the new guidance, customers apply the same criteria for capitalizing implementation costs in a hosting arrangement as they would for an arrangement that has a software license. The new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption was permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The FASB provided the option of applying the guidance retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance, prospectively, during the third quarter of 2018, and it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB amended its guidance related to disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amended requirements serve to remove, add and otherwise clarify certain existing disclosures. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The guidance requires application on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The Company has adopted this guidance within the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and it did not have a material impact. See Note 13.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2019, the FASB amended its guidance related to income taxes. The amended guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminating certain exceptions to the general income tax principles, in an effort to reduce the cost and complexity of application. The amended guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The guidance requires application on either a prospective, retrospective or modified retrospective basis, contingent on the income tax exception being applied. The Company does not expect that this amended guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

The United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), announced its intent to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred benchmark alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR. Published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, SOFR represents a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is calculated based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. In March 2020, in response to this transition, the FASB issued guidance related to this rate reform, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued by reference rate reform, and addresses operational issues likely to arise in modifying contracts to replace discontinued reference rates with new rates. The guidance is effective through December 31, 2022. The Company’s Amended Credit Agreement and corresponding interest rate Swaps are tied to LIBOR, with each maturing in February 2026 and January 2022, respectively. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of the replacement of LIBOR, but does not anticipate a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.