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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") was enacted. The CARES Act is a stimulus package that is a part of a series of bills meant to address the economic uncertainties associated with COVID-19. Due to the enactment of the CARES Act, Trinity filed a carryback claim for the 2018 and 2019 tax losses to the 2013-2015 tax years, allowing us to recover taxes that were previously paid. The income taxes associated with the carryback claims were paid at a federal rate of 35.0%, rather than the current rate of 21.0% in effect beginning with the 2018 tax year. The net deferred tax liability was remeasured and a federal income tax receivable was set up to account for the net operating losses permitted to be carried back under the CARES Act, resulting in a tax benefit of $174.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were a benefit of 34.9% and a benefit of 69.5%, respectively, which differ from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the impact of the CARES Act. The effective tax benefit rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was partially offset by the portion of the non-cash impairment charge that is not tax-effected because it is related to the noncontrolling interest. Our effective tax expense rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were 27.5% and 26.1%, respectively. These differ from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the impacts of state income taxes, the incremental tax on profits of branches taxed in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, tax return true-ups, the establishment of nexus in additional states, and non-deductible executive compensation.
Income tax refunds received, net of payments, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $1.3 million. The total income tax receivable position as of September 30, 2020 was $485.0 million, of which approximately $307.1 million relates to the 2018 and 2019 carryback claims and approximately $169.7 million accrued to date for the 2020 anticipated carryback claim, which we expect will be realized in 2021.
Our 2016 and 2017 tax years are effectively settled. The 2013-2015 tax years statutes will remain open due to tax loss carryback claims that have been filed. We have state tax returns that are under audit in the normal course of business, and our Mexican subsidiaries' tax return statutes remain open from 2014 forward. We believe we are appropriately reserved for any potential matters.