Derivative Instruments

We may use derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates, both in anticipation of future debt issuances and to offset interest rate variability of certain floating rate debt issuances outstanding. We also may use derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of changes in natural gas and diesel fuel prices and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting standards. See Note 3 Fair Value Accounting for discussion of how the Company valued its commodity hedges and interest rate swap at September 30, 2017. See Note 11 Debt for a description of the Company's debt instruments.

Interest rate hedges



					Included in accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2017
	Notional Amount		Interest Rate⁽¹⁾		Asset / (liability)		AOCL – loss/ (income)			Noncontrolling Interest
	(in millions, except %)
Expired hedges:
2006 secured railcar equipment notes	$	200.0	4.87	%	$	—	$	(0.5	)	$	—
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan	$	788.5	3.60	%	$	—	$	4.5		$	6.0
TRIP Master Funding secured railcar equipment notes	$	34.8	2.62	%	$	—	$	0.3		$	0.5
Open hedge:
2017 promissory notes	$	178.4	3.00	%	$	1.8	$	0.6		$	—


⁽¹⁾	Weighted average fixed interest rate, except for 2017 promissory notes. Interest rate cap for 2017 promissory notes.



	Effect on interest expense - increase/(decrease)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Expected effect during next twelve months⁽¹⁾
	2017			2016			2017			2016			Expected effect during next twelve months⁽¹⁾
	(in millions)
Expired hedges:
2006 secured railcar equipment notes	$	(0.1	)	$	(0.1	)	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan	$	1.1		$	1.2		$	3.4		$	3.6		$	2.8
TRIP Master Funding secured railcar equipment notes	$	0.1		$	0.2		$	0.4		$	0.7		$	0.3

⁽¹⁾Based on the fair value of open hedge as of September 30, 2017

During 2005 and 2006, we entered into interest rate swap derivatives in anticipation of issuing our 2006 Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These derivative instruments, with a notional amount of $200.0 million, were settled in 2006 and fixed the interest rate on a portion of the related debt issuance. These derivative instrument transactions are being accounted for as cash flow hedges with changes in the fair value of the instruments of $4.5 million in income recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL") through the date the related debt issuance closed in 2006. The balance is being amortized over the term of the related debt. The effect on interest expense is due to amortization of the AOCL balance.

Between 2007 and 2009, TRIP Holdings, as required by the TRIP Warehouse Loan, entered into interest rate swap derivatives, all of which qualified as cash flow hedges, to reduce the effect of changes in variable interest rates in the TRIP Warehouse Loan. In July 2011 , these interest rate hedges were terminated in connection with the refinancing of the TRIP Warehouse Loan. Balances included in AOCL at the date the hedges were terminated are being amortized over the life of the terminated hedge with $2.8 million of additional interest expense expected to be recognized during the twelve months following September 30, 2017.

In July 2011, TRIP Holdings’ wholly-owned subsidiary, TRIP Master Funding, entered into an interest rate swap derivative instrument, expiring in 2021, with an initial notional amount of $94.1 million to reduce the effect of changes in variable interest rates associated with the Class A-1b notes of the TRIP Master Funding secured railcar equipment notes. The TRIP Master Funding interest rate hedge was terminated in August 2017 in connection with the refinancing of the related indebtedness. The effect on interest expense is primarily a result of monthly interest settlements. The balance included in AOCL at the date the hedge was terminated is being amortized over the life of the terminated hedge with $0.3 million of additional interest expense expected to be recognized during the twelve months following September 30, 2017.

In May 2017, TRL 2017 purchased an interest rate cap derivative, which qualified as a cash flow hedge, to limit the Libor component of the interest rate on the 2017 promissory notes to a maximum rate of 3%. The effect on interest expense is primarily the result of amortization of the cost of the derivative and is not expected to be significant during the next twelve months.

See Note 11 Debt regarding the related debt instruments.

Other Derivatives

Natural gas and diesel fuel

We maintain a program to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in the price of natural gas and diesel fuel. The intent of the program is to protect our operating profit from adverse price changes by entering into derivative instruments. For those instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in their valuation are recorded directly to the consolidated statement of operations. The effect on operating income for these instruments was not significant. The amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017 for these instruments was an asset of $0.1 million. The amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 for these instruments was an asset of $0.3 million.