Taxes on Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Taxes on Income [Line Items]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

9.  Taxes on Income

The components of income tax expense are as follows:

In thousands	2022		2021
Current:
Federal	$	-	$	-
State and local		25		25
Foreign		10		10
	$	35	$	35
Deferred:
Federal	$	-	$	-
State and local		-		-
		-		-
Income tax expense	$	35	$	35

Income (loss) before income taxes from the United States activities was $0.2 million and $(4.9) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  Income (loss) before income taxes from Canadian operations was $0.2 million and $(0.01) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The effective income tax rate differed from the expected federal statutory income tax benefit rate of 21.0% as follows:

	2022		2021
Statutory federal income tax benefit rate		21.0 %		21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		(0.3)		4.0
PPP debt forgiven		(47.6)		-
Foreign income taxed at different rates		(7.3)		(0.3)
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance		31.6		(24.1)
Section 382 adjustment to deferred net operating loss		8.7		(1.3)
Other		3.7		(0.1)
Effective income tax expense (benefit) rate		9.8 %		(0.7) %

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

In thousands	2022		2021
Deferred income tax asset:
Tax credit carryforwards	$	-	$	-
Operating loss carryforwards		4,348		4,000
Net pension costs		2,049		2,123
Allowance for bad debts		65		227
Other		7		6
Valuation allowance		(6,102)		(5,989)
		367		367
Deferred income tax liability:
Depreciation		120		124
Other		247		243
		367		367
Net deferred income taxes	$	-	$	-

Operating tax loss carryforwards primarily relate to U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $15.4 million, which began to expire in 2019.  Additionally, net operating losses created after 2020 do not expire. The operating loss carryforwards have been limited by changes in ownership of the Company in 2012 and 2019 as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.  The change in ownership as of June 26, 2012 limited our operating loss carryforwards at that time to $295,000 per year aggregating $5.9 million.  The change in ownership as of April 10, 2019 limited our operating loss carryforwards at that time to $148,000 per year aggregating $2.9 million.  Losses subsequent to April 10, 2019 have increased the operating loss carryforwards.  Carryforward losses of $440,000 have expired as of December 31, 2022.

A valuation allowance has been established for the amount of deferred income tax assets as management has concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the benefits from such assets will not be realized.

The Company’s determinations regarding uncertain income tax positions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.  The Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions in 2022 and 2021.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state and local jurisdictions and Canadian federal and provincial income tax.  Currently, no federal, state or provincial income tax returns are under examination.