Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of consolidation:  The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Trans-Lux Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and all wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”).  Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of estimates:  The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which the change is determined.  Estimates are used when accounting for such items as costs of long-term sales contracts, allowance for uncollectible accounts, inventory valuation allowances, depreciation and amortization, valuation of pension obligations, income taxes, warranty reserve, management’s assessment of going concern, contingencies and litigation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and cash equivalents:  The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company has deposits in United States financial institutions that maintain FDIC deposit insurance on all interest and non-interest bearing accounts, collectively, with an aggregate coverage up to $250,000 per depositor per financial institution.  At times, the amount of the deposits exceeds the FDIC limits.  The portion of the deposits in excess of FDIC limits represents a credit risk of the Company.

Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounts receivable:  Receivables are carried at net realizable value.  Credit is extended based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition; collateral is generally not required.  Reserves for uncollectible accounts receivable are provided based on historical experience and current trends.  The Company evaluates the adequacy of these reserves regularly.

The following is a summary of the allowance for uncollectible accounts at December 31:

		2015		2014
Balance at beginning of year	$	168	$	86
Provisions		437		841
Deductions		(46)		(759)
Balance at end of year	$	559	$	168

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers, the relatively small account balances within the majority of the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different businesses.  The Company’s revenues included one multinational customer that accounted for 12.5% and 10.8% of total revenues in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories:  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value.  Valuation allowances for slow moving and obsolete inventories are provided based on historical experience and demand for servicing of the displays.  The Company evaluates the adequacy of these valuation allowances regularly.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Rental equipment and property, plant and equipment:  Rental equipment and property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their respective useful lives using the straight-line method.  Leaseholds and improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful lives or term of the lease.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

	Years
Indoor rental equipment	5 – 10
Outdoor rental equipment	15
Buildings and improvements	10 – 39
Machinery, fixtures and equipment	3 – 15
Leaseholds and improvements	3

When rental equipment and property, plant and equipment are fully depreciated, retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill:  Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired.  The goodwill of $744,000 relates to the Digital display sales segment.

The Company annually evaluates the value of its goodwill on October 1 and determines if it is impaired by comparing the carrying value of goodwill to its estimated fair value.  Changes in the assumptions used could materially impact the fair value estimates.  Assumptions critical to our fair value estimates are: (i) discount rate used to derive the present value factors used in determining the fair value of the reporting unit, (ii) projected average revenue growth rates used in the reporting unit models and (iii) projected long-term growth rates used in the derivation of terminal year values.  These and other assumptions are impacted by economic conditions and expectations of management and will change in the future based on period-specific facts and circumstances.  The Company uses the income and the market approach when testing for goodwill impairment.  The Company weighs these approaches by using a 67% factor for the income approach and a 33% factor for the market approach.  Together these two factors estimate the fair value of the reporting unit.  The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value under the income approach which contemplates a conservative overall weighted average revenue growth rate.  If the Company were to reduce its revenue projections on the reporting unit by 5.6% within the income approach, the fair value of the reporting unit would be below carrying value.  The gross profit margins used are consistent with historical margins achieved by the Company during previous years.  If there is a margin decline of 5.7% or more, the model would yield results of a fair value less than carrying amount.  The Company uses a market multiple approach based on revenue to determine the fair value under the market approach which includes a selection of and market price of a group of comparable companies and the performance of the guidelines of the comparable companies and of the reporting unit.  The impairment test for goodwill is a two-step process.  The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount.  If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is performed to calculate the implied fair value of the goodwill of the reporting unit by deducting the fair value of all of the individual assets and liabilities of the reporting unit from the respective fair values of the reporting unit as a whole.  To the extent the calculated implied fair value of the goodwill is less than the recorded goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the difference.  Fair value is determined using cash flow and other valuation models (generally Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy described in Note 3 – Fair Value).  There was no impairment of goodwill in 2015 or 2014.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impairment or disposal of long-lived assets:  The Company evaluates whether there has been an impairment in value of its long-lived assets if certain circumstances indicate that a possible impairment may exist.  An impairment in value may exist when the carrying value of a long-lived asset exceeds its undiscounted cash flows.  If it is determined that an impairment in value has occurred, the carrying value is written down to its fair value as determined by a discounted cash flow model.  There were no impairments of long-lived assets in 2015 or 2014.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted cash:  The Company classifies cash as restricted when the cash is unavailable for withdrawal or usage for general operations.  Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits, contracts entered into with others, or the Company’s statements of intention with regard to particular deposits.  In July 2014, the Company deposited $212,000 in a savings account as collateral for a certificate of deposit in favor of the landlord at its New York headquarters as a security deposit.  The Company has presented these funds as restricted cash since the use of the funds under the certificate of deposit is restricted.

Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Shipping Costs:  The costs of shipping product to our customers ($689,000 in 2015 and $617,000 in 2014) are included in Cost of digital product sales.

Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Advertising/Marketing Costs:  The Company expenses the costs of advertising and marketing at the time that the related advertising takes place.  Advertising and marketing costs ($437,000 in 2015 and $811,000 in 2014) are included in General and administrative expenses.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue recognition:  Revenues from equipment lease and maintenance contracts are recognized during the term of the respective agreements, which generally run for periods of one month to 10 years.  At December 31, 2015, the future minimum lease payments due to the Company under operating leases that expire at varying dates through 2025 for its rental equipment and maintenance contracts, assuming no renewals of existing leases or any new leases, aggregating $4,550,000 are as follows:  $1,938,000 – 2016, $1,149,000 – 2017, $1,029,000 – 2018, $233,000 – 2019, $146,000 – 2020 and $55,000 thereafter.

Revenues on equipment sales with long-term receivables are recorded on the installment basis.  At December 31, 2015, the future accounts receivables due to the Company under installment sales agreements aggregated $126,000 through 2018.  Revenues on equipment sales, other than long-term equipment sales contracts, are recognized upon shipment when title and risk of loss passes to the customer.

Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Warranty reserve:  The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized.  While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, including evaluating the quality of the component suppliers, the warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates.  Should actual product failure rates differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to increase or decrease the estimated warranty liability may be required.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Taxes on income:  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at tax rates expected to be in effect when such temporary differences are expected to reverse and for operating loss carryforwards.  The temporary differences are primarily attributable to operating loss carryforwards, depreciation and the pension plan.  The Company records a valuation allowance against net deferred income tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

The Company considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position.  Once it is determined that a position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the position is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements.  The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.  To date, there have been no interest or penalties charged to the Company in relation to the underpayment of income taxes.  The Company’s determinations regarding uncertain income tax positions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Foreign currency:  The functional currency of the Company’s Canadian business operation is the Canadian dollar.  The assets and liabilities of such operation are translated into U.S. dollars at the year-end rate of exchange, and the operating and cash flow statements are converted at the average annual rate of exchange.  The resulting translation adjustment is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a separate item in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.  In relation to intercompany balances, these have been classified as short-term in nature and therefore the changes in the foreign currency remeasurement adjustment for intercompany balances are recorded as Gain (loss) on foreign currency remeasurement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

Share-based compensation plans:  The Company measures share-based payments to employees and directors at the grant date fair value of the instrument.  The fair value is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which requires various assumptions including estimating stock price volatility, expected life of the stock option, estimated forfeiture rate and risk free interest rate.  For details on the accounting effect of share-based compensation, see Note 15 – Share-Based Compensation.

Subsequent Events, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Consideration of Subsequent Events:  The Company evaluated events and transactions occurring after December 31, 2015 through the date these Consolidated Financial Statements were included in this Form 10-K and filed with the SEC, to identify subsequent events which may need to be recognized or non-recognizable events which would need to be disclosed.  See Note 20 – Subsequent Events for transactions identified for disclosure.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent accounting pronouncements:  In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases.  A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term.  For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.  Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e., January 1, 2019), early application is permitted.  The Company has not yet determined the effect of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which amends Business Combinations (Topic 805).  The ASU  requires that an acquirer  (i) recognize adjustments to provisional amounts from Business Combinations that  are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined, (ii) record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date and (iii) disclose the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date.  The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015, which for us would be the first quarter of 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this ASU with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued.  We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or disclosures.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) by one year.  As a result, the ASU is now effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, which for the Company is the first quarter of 2018.  Earlier application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within those years, which for the Company is the first quarter of 2017.  The Company has not yet determined the effect of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (Topic 330).  The new guidance changes the subsequent measurement of inventory from lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value.  ASU 2015-11 should be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for the Company beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2017.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-90). This guidance describes management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. In doing so, the amendment should reduce diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted.

Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Reclassifications:  Certain reclassifications of prior years’ amounts have been made to conform to the current year’s presentation.