
Note 1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (the company or Thermo Fisher) enables customers to make the world healthier, cleaner and safer by providing analytical instruments, equipment, reagents and consumables, software and services for research, manufacturing, analysis, discovery and diagnostics. Markets served include pharmaceutical and biotech, academic and government, industrial and applied, as well as healthcare and diagnostics.

Interim Financial Statements

The interim consolidated financial statements presented herein have been prepared by the company, are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the financial position at June 30, 2018, the results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and July 1, 2017, and the cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and July 1, 2017. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 31, 2017, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by Form 10-Q and do not contain all information that is included in the annual financial statements and notes thereto of the company. The consolidated financial statements and notes included in this report should be read in conjunction with the 2017 financial statements and notes included in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for 2017 describes the significant accounting estimates and policies used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Except for the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, as noted below, there have been no material changes in the company’s significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

The company recognizes revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Consumables revenues consist of single-use products and are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment. Instruments revenues typically consist of longer-lived assets that, for the substantial majority of sales, are recognized at a point in time in a manner similar to consumables. Service revenues (clinical trial logistics, pharmaceutical development and manufacturing services, asset management, diagnostic testing, training, service contracts, and field services including related time and materials) are recognized over time as customers receive and consume the benefits of such services. For revenues recognized over time, the company generally uses costs accumulated as inputs to measure progress. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to each performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices and recognizes the related revenue when or as control of each individual performance obligation is transferred to customers. The company exercises judgment in determining the timing of revenue by analyzing the point in time or the period over which the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of the asset. The company immediately expenses contract costs that would otherwise be capitalized and amortized over a period of less than one year.

Payments from customers for most instruments, consumables and services are typically due in a fixed number of days after shipment or delivery of the product. Service arrangements commonly call for payments in advance of performing the work (e.g. extended service contracts), upon completion of the service (e.g. pharmaceutical development and manufacturing) or a mix of both.

See Note 3 for revenue disaggregated by type and by geographic region as well as further information about remaining performance obligations.

Contract-related Balances

Contract assets include revenues recognized in advance of billings and are recorded net of estimated losses resulting from the inability to invoice customers. Contract assets are classified as current or noncurrent based on the amount of time expected to lapse until the company's right to consideration becomes unconditional. Current contract assets and noncurrent contract assets are included within other current assets and other assets, respectively, in the accompanying balance sheet.

Contract liabilities include billings in excess of revenues recognized, such as those resulting from customer advances and deposits and unearned revenue on service contracts. Contract liabilities are classified as current or noncurrent based on the periods over which remaining performance obligations are expected to be transferred to customers. Noncurrent contract liabilities are included within other long-term liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet.

Contract asset and liability balances are as follows:



	June 30,		January 1,
(In millions)	2018		2018

Current Contract Assets, Net	$	471	$	396
Current Contract Liabilities	816		805
Noncurrent Contract Liabilities	337		302

Noncurrent contract assets were immaterial in 2018. In the first six months of 2018, the company recognized revenue of $483 million that was included in the contract liabilities balance at January 1, 2018.

Warranty Obligations

The liability for warranties is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet. The changes in the carrying amount of standard product warranty obligations are as follows:



	Six Months Ended
	June 30,			July 1,
(In millions)	2018			2017

Beginning Balance	$	87		$	78
Provision charged to income	58			54
Usage	(53		)	(51		)
Acquisitions	—			1
Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net	(2		)	(1		)
Currency translation	(2		)	2

Ending Balance	$	88		$	83

Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:



	June 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	2018		2017

Raw Materials	$	776	$	708
Work in Process	415		505
Finished Goods	1,675		1,758

Inventories	$	2,866	$	2,971

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:



	June 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	2018		2017

Land	$	398	$	401
Buildings and Improvements	1,668		1,662
Machinery, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements	4,408		4,276

Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost	6,474		6,339
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	2,522		2,292

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	$	3,952	$	4,047

Acquisition-related Intangible Assets

Acquisition-related intangible assets are as follows:



	Balance at June 30, 2018							Balance at December 31, 2017
(In millions)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net

Definite Lived:
Customer relationships	$	17,129	$	(6,336	)	$	10,793	$	17,356	$	(5,902	)	$	11,454
Product technology	6,012		(3,024		)	2,988		6,046		(2,811		)	3,235
Tradenames	1,516		(884		)	632		1,538		(817		)	721
Other	33		(33		)	—		34		(34		)	—

	24,690		(10,277		)	14,413		24,974		(9,564		)	15,410
Indefinite Lived:
Tradenames	1,235		N/A			1,235		1,235		N/A			1,235
In-process research and development	32		N/A			32		39		N/A			39

	1,267		N/A			1,267		1,274		N/A			1,274

Acquisition-related Intangible Assets	$	25,957	$	(10,277	)	$	15,680	$	26,248	$	(9,564	)	$	16,684

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, significant estimates were made in estimating future cash flows to assess potential impairment of assets and in determining the fair value of acquired intangible assets (Note 2) and the ultimate loss from abandoning leases at facilities being exited (Note 13). Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2018, the FASB issued new guidance to allow reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive items (AOCI) to retained earnings for certain tax effects on items within AOCI resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act). The company adopted this guidance in January 2018 and recorded the reclassifications in the period of adoption. The balance sheet impact of adopting this guidance is included in the table below. This guidance only relates to the effects of the Tax Act. For all other tax law changes that have occurred or may occur in the future, the company reclassifies the tax effects to the consolidated statement of income on an item-by-item basis when the pre-tax item in AOCI is reclassified to income.

In December 2017, the SEC staff issued guidance to address the application of accounting guidance in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act enacted on December 22, 2017. The company reported provisional amounts in its 2017 financial statements for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act for which a reasonable estimate could be determined but for which the accounting impact may change. For example, these estimates may be impacted by the need for further analysis and future clarification and guidance regarding available tax accounting methods and elections, earnings and profits computations and state tax conformity to federal changes. Adjustments to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period, which may be up to December 22, 2018, will be included as adjustments to Provision for Income Taxes in the period the amounts are determined (Note 6).

In August 2017, the FASB issued new guidance to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance. Among other things, the new guidance will permit more hedging strategies to qualify for hedge accounting, allow for additional time to perform an initial assessment of a hedge’s effectiveness, and permit a qualitative effectiveness test for certain hedges after initial qualification. The company adopted this guidance in January 2018. The balance sheet impact of adopting this guidance is included in the table below.

In March 2017, the FASB issued new guidance intended to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The new guidance requires the service cost component of net periodic cost be reported in the same line item(s) as other employee compensation costs and all other components of the net periodic cost be reported in the income statement below operating income. The company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and applied the changes to the statement of income retrospectively. As a result of adoption of this guidance, the accompanying 2017 statement of income reflects the following changes from previously reported amounts:



	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	July 1,		July 1,
(In millions)	2017		2017

Increase in Total Costs and Operating Expenses (principally Selling, General and Administrative Expenses)	$	3	$	5
Decrease in Operating Income	3		5
Increase in Other Income (Expense)	3		5

In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance clarifying the definition of a business and providing criteria to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities is not defined as a business. The new guidance requires such integrated sets to be defined as an asset (and not a business) if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. The adoption of this guidance as of January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued new guidance eliminating the deferral of the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers. The impact of this guidance in future periods will be dependent on the extent of future asset transfers which usually occur in connection with planning around acquisitions and other business structuring activities. The balance sheet impact of adopting this guidance as of January 1, 2018 is included in the table below.

In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities, initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments, with corresponding right-of-use assets. The new guidance also sets forth new disclosure requirements related to leases. The company plans to adopt the guidance in 2019 using a modified retrospective method. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance by considering which practical expedients to elect, deploying a software tool to assist in the accounting calculations, surveying functional groups that oversee vendor relationships, and developing processes and controls to manage the changes in the lease guidance and gather information for the required disclosures. The company expects that assets and liabilities will increase upon adoption for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The company’s future commitments under lease obligations are summarized in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for 2017 included in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC.

In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. This guidance requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with subsequent changes recognized in net income, except for those accounted for under the equity method or requiring consolidation. The guidance also changes the accounting for investments without a readily determinable fair value and that do not qualify for the practical expedient permitted by the guidance to estimate fair value. The balance sheet impact of adopting this guidance as of January 1, 2018 is included in the table below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued new revenue recognition guidance which provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most previous revenue recognition guidance. The new standard also requires significantly expanded disclosures regarding the qualitative and quantitative information of an entity's nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. During 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued additional guidance and clarification, including the elimination of certain SEC Staff Guidance. The guidance is effective for the company in 2018. The company has elected to adopt this guidance through application of the modified retrospective method by applying it to contracts that were not completed as of December 31, 2017 (in addition to new contracts in 2018).

Adoption of new guidance that became effective on January 1, 2018, impacted the company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:



(In millions)	December 31, 2017 as Reported			Impact of Adopting New Revenue Guidance			Impact of Adopting New Equity Investment Guidance			Impact of Adopting New Intra-entity Tax Guidance			Impact of Adopting New Hedge Accounting Guidance			Impact of Adopting New Tax Effects on Items in AOCI Guidance			January 1, 2018 as Adopted

Accounts Receivable, Less Allowances	$	3,879		$	(8	)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	3,871
Inventories	2,971			(252		)	—			—			—			—			2,719
Other Current Assets	804			296			—			—			—			—			1,100
Other Assets	1,227			—			—			(77		)	—			—			1,150
Contract Liabilities	—			805			—			—			—			—			805
Deferred Revenue	719			(719		)	—			—			—			—			—
Other Accrued Expenses	1,848			(153		)	—			—			—			—			1,695
Deferred Income Taxes	2,766			—			—			(57		)	—			2			2,711
Other Long-term Liabilities	2,569			54			—			—			—			—			2,623
Long-term Obligations	18,873			—			—			—			(3		)	—			18,870
Retained Earnings	15,914			49			(1		)	(20		)	3			87			16,032
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items	(2,003		)	—			1			—			—			(89		)	(2,091		)

Had the company continued to use the revenue recognition guidance in effect prior to 2018, no material changes would have resulted to the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, or cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, from amounts reported therein. However, inventories would have been $295 million higher and other current assets would have been $335 million lower as of June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of differences in the accounting for pharmaceutical development and manufacturing services under the new revenue guidance. Under the prior guidance, costs of these services were recorded in inventory while under the new guidance, costs are expensed as the manufacturing service is performed and the company's rights to consideration are recorded as contract assets and included in other current assets.