BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Terex Corporation and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to be included in full-year financial statements. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include accounts of Terex Corporation, its majority-owned subsidiaries and other controlled subsidiaries (“Terex” or the “Company”). The Company consolidates all majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries, applies the equity method of accounting for investments in which the Company is able to exercise significant influence and applies the cost method for all other investments. All intercompany balances, transactions and profits have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2018 presentation.

In the opinion of management, adjustments considered necessary for the fair statement of these interim financial statements have been made. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments consist only of those of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 include $13.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively, which were not immediately available for use. These consist primarily of cash balances held in escrow to secure various obligations of the Company.

The following table provides amounts of cash and cash equivalents presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (in millions):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents - continuing operations	$	326.0	$	626.5
Cash and cash equivalents - held for sale	3.5		3.6
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	329.5	$	630.1

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Implemented in 2018

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. Subsequently, the FASB issued the following standards related to ASU 2014-09: ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” (“ASU 2016-08”); ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” (“ASU 2016-10”); ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” (“ASU 2016-12”); and ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (“ASU 2016-20”), which provided additional guidance and clarity to ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the “New Revenue Standards”). The Company adopted the New Revenue Standards on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and elected the significant financing component and costs of obtaining a contract practical expedients. Adoption of the New Revenue Standards did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s revenue recognition policy adopted as a result of the New Revenue Standards is presented below.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," (“ASU 2016-01”). The amendments in ASU 2016-01, among other things, require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; require public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables); and eliminate the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra-Entity Transfer of Assets Other than Inventory,” (“ASU 2016-16”). ASU 2016-16 requires recognition of current and deferred income taxes resulting from an intra-entity transfer of any asset (excluding inventory) when the transfer occurs. This is a change from existing U.S. generally accepted accounting principles which prohibits recognition of current and deferred income taxes until the asset is sold to a third party. The Company adopted ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 provides guidance in ascertaining whether a collection of assets and activities is considered a business. The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, if any. The loss recognized should not exceed total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring goodwill impairment. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, “Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets,” (“ASU 2017-05”). ASU 2017-05 is meant to clarify the scope of ASC Subtopic 610-20, “Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” and to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The Company adopted ASU 2017-05 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” (“ASU 2017-07”). ASU 2017-07 changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans present net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. An employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by pertinent employees during the period. Other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. The amendment also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization, when applicable. The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,” (“ASU 2017-12”). ASU 2017-12 expands an entity’s ability to apply hedge accounting for nonfinancial and financial risk components and allows for a simplified approach for fair value hedging of interest rate risk. ASU 2017-12 eliminates the need to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. Additionally, ASU 2017-12 simplifies the hedge documentation and effectiveness assessment requirements under the previous guidance. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The new guidance reduces diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as modifications. Under ASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if the award’s fair value, vesting conditions and classification as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the change. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” (“ASU 2018-3”). ASU 2018-03 clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company early adopted ASU 2018-03 effective January 1, 2018. Adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards to be Implemented

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to recognize an ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months and requires the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. Subsequently, the FASB issued the following standards related to ASU 2016-02: ASU 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842,” (“ASU 2018-01”), ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”) and ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”), which provided additional guidance and clarity to ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “New Lease Standards”). The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 under the new transition method permitted by ASU 2018-11. This transition method allows an entity to initially apply the New Lease Standards at the adoption date, versus at the beginning of the earliest period presented, and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

The Company expects adoption will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements due to the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company continues to assess changes to its business processes, systems and controls to support accounting for leases under the new standard which includes implementation of its newly acquired global lease accounting system.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 sets forth a “current expected credit loss” model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. The guidance in this new standard replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and early adoption is permitted after 2018. ASU 2016-13 will be applied using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 allows reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from H.R. 1 “An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018” (the “2017 Federal Tax Act”). The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. Adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, “Codification Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-09”). ASU 2018-09 provides technical corrections, clarifications and other improvements across a variety of accounting topics. Certain amendments were applicable immediately while others provide transition guidance and are effective in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The guidance applicable immediately did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact that adoption of amendments with transition guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 improves the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures by removing or modifying certain disclosure requirements and adding others. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and early adoption is permitted. Adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” (“ASU 2018-14”). ASU 2018-14 adds, removes and clarifies disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangible-Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Accrued Warranties. The Company records accruals for potential warranty claims based on its claims experience. The Company’s products are typically sold with a standard warranty covering defects that arise during a fixed period. Each business provides a warranty specific to products it offers. The specific warranty offered by a business is a function of customer expectations and competitive forces. Warranty length is generally a fixed period of time, a fixed number of operating hours or both.

A liability for estimated warranty claims is accrued at the time of sale. The current portion of the product warranty liability is included in Other current liabilities and the non-current portion is included in Other non-current liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The liability is established using historical warranty claims experience for each product sold. Historical claims experience may be adjusted for known design improvements or for the impact of unusual product quality issues. Warranty reserves are reviewed quarterly to ensure critical assumptions are updated for known events that may affect the potential warranty liability.

The following table summarizes the changes in the consolidated product warranty liability (in millions):



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	52.6
Accruals for warranties issued during the period	46.6
Changes in estimates	0.6
Settlements during the period	(42.3		)
Foreign exchange effect/other	(2.4		)
Balance at end of period	$	55.1

Fair Value Measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis under the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure” (“ASC 820”) include foreign exchange contracts, cross currency and commodity swaps and a debt conversion feature on a convertible promissory note discussed in Note J – “Derivative Financial Instruments” and debt discussed in Note L – “Long-term Obligations”. These instruments are valued using a market approach, which uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within this hierarchy requires judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter.

Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

In the United States, we have the ability to enter into a security agreement and receive a security interest in the product by filing an appropriate Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) financing statement. However, a significant portion of our revenue is generated outside of the United States. In many countries outside of the United States, as a matter of statutory law, a seller retains title to a product until payment is made. The laws do not provide for a seller’s retention of a security interest in goods in the same manner as established in the UCC. In these countries, we retain title to goods delivered to a customer until the customer makes payment so that we can recover the goods in the event of customer default on payment. In these circumstances, the Company considers the following events in order to determine when it is appropriate to recognize revenue: (i) the customer has physical possession of the product; (ii) the customer has legal title to the product; (iii) the customer has assumed the risks and rewards of ownership and (iv) the customer has communicated acceptance of the product. These events serve as indicators, along with the details contained within the contract, that it is appropriate to recognize revenue.

The Company generates revenue through the sale of machines, parts and service, and extended warranties. Revenue from product sales is recorded when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of shipment, at the net sales price (transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration, such as volume discounts and rebates, reduce transaction price when it is probable that a customer will attain these types of sales incentives. These estimates are primarily derived from contractual terms and historical experience. The Company elected to present revenue net of sales tax and other similar taxes and account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer goods rather than separate performance obligations. Payments are typically due either 30 or 60 days, depending on geography, following delivery of products or completion of services.

Revenue from extended warranties is recognized over time on a straight line basis because the customer benefits evenly from the extended warranty throughout the period; beginning upon expiration of the standard warranty and through end of the term. Revenue from services is recognized based on cost input method as the time and materials used in the repair portrays the most accurate depiction of completion of the performance obligation. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, revenues generated from the sale of extended warranties and services were an immaterial portion of revenue.

The Company sells equipment subject to leases and related lease payments. Income from operating leases is recognized ratably over the lease term. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized at the inception of the lease.

For detailed sales information see Note B - “Business Segment Information”.