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Retirement Benefit Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]  
Weighted-average asset allocations by asset category of the U.S. and U.K. Pension Plans
Weighted-average asset allocations by asset category of the U.K. Pension Plan and the Tennant Company Retirement Savings Plan as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:
Asset Category
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
6,408

 
$
6,408

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment Account held by Pension Plan(1)
10,842

 
—

 
—

 
10,842

Total
$
17,250

 
$
6,408

 
$
—

 
$
10,842

(1) 
This category is comprised of investments in insurance contracts.
Weighted-average asset allocations by asset category of the U.K. Pension Plan and the Tennant Company Retirement Savings Plan as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:
Asset Category
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
6,305

 
$
6,305

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment Account held by Pension Plan(1)
11,163

 
—

 
—

 
11,163

Total
$
17,468

 
$
6,305

 
$
—

 
$
11,163

(1) 
This category is comprised of investments in insurance contracts.
Reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of Level 3 plan assets
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 investments of our U.K. Pension Plan during the years ended December 31 are as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
Fair value at beginning of year
$
11,163

 
$
9,562

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
(856
)
 
(535
)
Net gain
1,138

 
1,190

Foreign currency
(603
)
 
946

Fair value at end of year
$
10,842

 
$
11,163
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 are as follows:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Discount rate
3.95
%
 
3.28
%
 
2.72
%
 
2.45
%
 
3.95
%
 
3.26
%
Rate of compensation increase
—
%
 
—
%
 
3.50
%
 
3.50
%
 
—

 
—

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 are as follows:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Discount rate
3.28
%
 
3.92
%
 
4.08
%
 
2.45
%
 
2.64
%
 
3.59
%
 
3.26
%
 
3.58
%
 
3.70
%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
—
%
 
5.10
%
 
5.20
%
 
3.80
%
 
3.90
%
 
4.60
%
 
—

 
—

 
—

Rate of compensation increase
—
%
 
—
%
 
3.00
%
 
3.50
%
 
3.50
%
 
3.50
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
Accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit plans
The accumulated benefit obligations as of December 31 for all defined benefit plans are as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
U.S. Pension Plans
$
1,267

 
$
1,414

U.K. Pension Plan
9,264

 
11,131

German Pension Plan
950

 
1,013
Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Information for our plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31 is as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
Accumulated benefit obligation
$
2,217

 
$
2,427

Fair value of plan assets
—

 
—
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
Information for our plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31 is as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
Projected benefit obligation
$
2,217

 
$
2,427

Fair value of plan assets
—

 
—
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates as of December 31 are as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
Healthcare cost trend rate assumption for the next year
6.38
%
 
6.56
%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)
5.00
%
 
5.00
%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
2032

 
2032
Effect of one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trends
To illustrate, a one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trends would have the following effects:
 
1-Percentage-
Point
Decrease
 
1-Percentage-
Point
Increase
Effect on total of service and interest cost components
$
(26
)
 
$
29

Effect on postretirement benefit obligation
$
(599
)
 
$
672
Changes in benefit obligations and plan assets and funded status
Summaries related to changes in benefit obligations and plan assets and to the funded status of our defined benefit and postretirement medical benefit plans are as follows:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Change in benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
1,414

 
$
40,961

 
$
12,144

 
$
11,136

 
$
9,604

 
$
10,540

Service cost
—

 
—

 
126

 
132

 
45

 
60

Interest cost
43

 
1,538

 
280

 
298

 
293

 
363

Plan participants' contributions
—

 
—

 
13

 
14

 
—

 
—

Plan amendments
—

 
—

 
109

 
—

 
—

 
—

Actuarial loss (gain)
35

 
1,811

 
(514
)
 
327

 
(485
)
 
(524
)
Foreign exchange
—

 
—

 
(583
)
 
1,097

 
—

 
—

Benefits paid
(149
)
 
(1,950
)
 
(1,196
)
 
(860
)
 
(844
)
 
(835
)
Settlement
(76
)
 
(40,946
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Curtailment
—

 
—

 
(165
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Benefit obligation at end of year
$
1,267

 
$
1,414

 
$
10,214

 
$
12,144

 
$
8,613

 
$
9,604

Change in fair value of plan assets and net accrued liabilities:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
$
—

 
$
46,389

 
$
11,163

 
$
9,562

 
$
—

 
$
—

Actual return on plan assets
—

 
2,536

 
1,138

 
1,189

 
—

 
—

Employer contributions
225

 
276

 
327

 
313

 
844

 
835

Plan participants' contributions
—

 
—

 
13

 
14

 
—

 
—

Excess assets transferred to Defined Contribution Plan
—

 
(6,305
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign exchange
—

 
—

 
(603
)
 
945

 
—

 
—

Benefits paid
(149
)
 
(1,950
)
 
(1,196
)
 
(860
)
 
(844
)
 
(835
)
Settlement
(76
)
 
(40,946
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Fair value of plan assets at end of year
—

 
—

 
10,842

 
11,163

 
—

 
—

Funded status at end of year
$
(1,267
)
 
$
(1,414
)
 
$
628

 
$
(981
)
 
$
(8,613
)
 
$
(9,604
)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:
Noncurrent Other Assets
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,578

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Current Liabilities
(146
)
 
(140
)
 
(34
)
 
(36
)
 
(779
)
 
(771
)
Long-Term Liabilities
(1,121
)
 
(1,274
)
 
(916
)
 
(945
)
 
(7,834
)
 
(8,833
)
Net accrued (liability) asset
$
(1,267
)
 
$
(1,414
)
 
$
628

 
$
(981
)
 
$
(8,613
)
 
$
(9,604
)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss consist of:
Prior service cost
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(109
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Net actuarial (loss) gain
(852
)
 
(915
)
 
42

 
(1,245
)
 
444

 
(41
)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
$
(852
)
 
$
(915
)
 
$
(67
)
 
$
(1,245
)
 
$
444

 
$
(41
)
Components of the net periodic benefit (credit) cost
The components of the net periodic benefit (credit) cost for the three years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
354

 
$
126

 
$
132

 
$
103

 
$
45

 
$
60

 
$
76

Interest cost
43

 
1,538

 
1,659

 
280

 
298

 
358

 
293

 
363

 
396

Expected return on plan assets
—

 
(2,336
)
 
(2,400
)
 
(403
)
 
(379
)
 
(452
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Amortization of net actuarial loss
49

 
43

 
41

 
38

 
74

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
—

Amortization of prior service cost
—

 
—

 
41

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency
—

 
—

 
—

 
35

 
(1
)
 
97

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
92

 
(755
)
 
(305
)
 
76

 
124

 
133

 
338

 
423

 
472

Curtailment
—

 
—

 
—

 
(165
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Settlement
49

 
6,373

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net benefit cost (credit)
$
141

 
$
5,618

 
$
(305
)
 
$
(89
)
 
$
124

 
$
133

 
$
338

 
$
423

 
$
472
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss
The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss for the three years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Prior service cost
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
109

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Net actuarial loss (gain)
35

 
1,611

 
633

 
(1,249
)
 
(465
)
 
1,718

 
(485
)
 
(524
)
 
6

Amortization of prior service cost
—

 
—

 
(41
)
 
(19
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Amortization of net actuarial loss
(49
)
 
(43
)
 
(41
)
 
(38
)
 
(74
)
 
(27
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Settlement
(49
)
 
(6,373
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
$
(63
)
 
$
(4,805
)
 
$
551

 
$
(1,197
)
 
$
(539
)
 
$
1,691

 
$
(485
)
 
$
(524
)
 
$
6

Total recognized in net benefit cost (credit) and other comprehensive (income) loss
$
78

 
$
813

 
$
246

 
$
(1,286
)
 
$
(415
)
 
$
1,824

 
$
(147
)
 
$
(101
)
 
$
478
Expected future benefit payments
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid for our U.S. and Non-U.S. plans:
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S.
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical Benefits
2019
$
146

 
$
243

 
$
779

2020
138

 
249

 
830

2021
129

 
257

 
752

2022
121

 
265

 
755

2023
112

 
275

 
715

2024 to 2028
468

 
1,511

 
3,424

Total
$
1,114

 
$
2,800

 
$
7,255
Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss to be recognized over next fiscal year
The following amounts are included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss as of December 31, 2018 and are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during 2019:
 
Pension
Benefits
 
Postretirement
Medical
Benefits
Net actuarial loss
$
104

 
$
—

Transition obligation
4

 
—