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Restructuring and impairment charges (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Summary of Current Cost Estimates by Major Type of Cost
The following table provides a summary of the cost estimates by major type of expense associated with the 2023 restructuring plan:
Total estimated amount expected to be incurred
Plan expense estimates:
(Dollars in millions)
Restructuring charges (1)
$12 million to $15 million
Restructuring related charges (2)
$3 million to $4 million
Total restructuring and restructuring related charges
$15 million to $19 million
(1)    Substantially all of the charges consist of employee termination benefit cost.
(2)     Restructuring related charges represent costs that are directly related to the program and consist primarily of retention bonuses offered to certain employees expected to remain with our company after completion of the program, which will result in cash outlays and most of which are expected to be made in 2025. Substantially all of the restructuring related charges are expected to be recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses.
The following table provides a summary of our estimates of restructuring and restructuring related charges by major type of expense associated with the 2023 Footprint realignment plan:
Total estimated amount expected to be incurred
Plan expense estimates:(Dollars in millions)
Restructuring charges (1)
$4 million to $6 million
Restructuring related charges (2)
$7 million to $9 million
Total restructuring and restructuring related charges
$11 million to $15 million
(1) Substantially all of the charges consist of employee termination benefit costs.
(2)Restructuring related charges represent costs that are directly related to the 2023 Footprint realignment plan and principally constitute costs to transfer manufacturing operations to existing lower-cost locations and project management costs. Substantially all of these charges are expected to be recognized within cost of goods sold.
Schedule of Restructuring Reserve
The following table summarizes the restructuring reserve activity related to our 2023 Restructuring plan and 2023 Footprint realignment plan:
2023 Restructuring plan
2023 Footprint realignment plan
Accruals
$12,535 $1,451 
Cash payments(114)(108)
Foreign currency translation and other20 — 
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)
$12,441 $1,343 
(1)The restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2023 consisted mainly of accruals related to termination benefits. Other costs (facility closure, employee relocation, equipment relocation and outplacement costs) were expensed and paid in the same period.
Restructuring and Other Impairment Charges
The restructuring and impairment charges recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 consisted of the following:
2023
Termination benefits
Other Costs (1)
Total
2023 Restructuring plan$12,535 $— $12,535 
2023 Footprint realignment plan1,451 — 1,451 
2022 Restructuring plan2,759 369 3,128 
Respiratory divestiture plan(946)17 (929)
Other restructuring programs (2)
(1,015)434 (581)
Total restructuring and impairment charges$14,784 $820 $15,604 
2022
Termination benefits
Other Costs (1)
Total
2022 Restructuring plan$15,465 $58 $15,523 
Respiratory divestiture plan504 74 578 
2019 Footprint realignment plan(1,120)133 (987)
2018 Footprint realignment plan1,230 846 2,076 
Other restructuring programs (2)
1,306 306 1,612 
Total restructuring charges17,385 1,417 18,802 
Asset impairment charges— 1,497 1,497 
Total restructuring and impairment charges$17,385 $2,914 $20,299 
2021
Termination benefits
Other Costs (1)
Total
Respiratory divestiture plan$2,687 $7 $2,694 
2021 Restructuring plan7,280 77 7,357 
2019 Footprint realignment plan(111)364 253 
2018 Footprint realignment plan2,335 141 2,476 
Other restructuring programs (3)
(429)2,648 2,219 
Total restructuring charges11,762 3,237 14,999 
Asset impairment charges— 6,739 6,739 
Total restructuring and impairment charges$11,762 $9,976 $21,738 
(1)Includes facility closure, contract termination and other exit costs.
(2)Includes activity primarily related to a restructuring plan initiated in the first quarter of 2022 that is designed to relocate manufacturing operations at certain of our facilities (the "2022 Manufacturing relocation plan") and our 2014, 2018, and 2019 Footprint realignment plans.
(3)Includes the 2020 Workforce reduction plan and the 2014 Footprint realignment plan.