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Financial instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments Financial instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts
We use derivative instruments for risk management purposes. Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are used to manage foreign currency transaction exposure. Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedges for accounting purposes are used to manage exposure related to near term foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. We enter into the non-designated foreign currency forward contracts for periods consistent with the currency exposures, which generally approximate one month. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized losses related to non-designated foreign currency forward contracts of $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
The total notional amount for all open foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $234.1 million and $184.8 million, respectively. The total notional amount for all open non-designated foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $195.0 million and $152.9 million, respectively. All open foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2023 have durations of 12 months or less.
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
During 2019, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements with five different financial institution counterparties to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate. Under the terms of the cross-currency swap agreements, we have notionally exchanged $250 million at an annual interest rate of 4.88% for €219.2 million at an annual interest rate of 2.46%. The swap agreements are designed as net investment hedges and expire on March 4, 2024.
During 2018, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements with six different financial institution counterparties to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate (the "2018 Cross-currency swaps"). Under the terms of the cross-currency swap agreements, we have notionally exchanged $500 million at an annual interest rate of 4.63% for €433.9 million at an annual interest rate of 1.94%. The swap agreements are designated as net investment hedges.
On October 4, 2023, the agreements related to our 2018 Cross-currency swap matured resulting in $43.0 million in cash settlement proceeds. On October 2, 2023, we executed new cross-currency swap agreements with six different financial institution counterparties to hedge against the effect of variability in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, ("the 2023 Cross-currency swaps"). Under the terms of the cross-currency swap agreements, we have notionally exchanged $500 million at an annual interest rate of 4.63% for €474.7 million at an annual interest rate of 3.05%. The swap agreements are designated as net investment hedges and expire on October 4, 2025.
In December 2023, we entered into a zero cost foreign exchange collar contract that aligns with the notional amount and expiration date of the 2023 Cross-currency swaps. We sold a put option with a lower strike price and bought a call option with a higher strike price to manage the foreign exchange risk related to the final settlement of the $500 million notional cross currency swaps. Upon the execution of the zero cost foreign exchange collar contract, we have de-designated the existing $500 million notional cross-currency swaps and re-designated the combined $500 million notional cross currency swaps and zero cost collar into a new hedging instrument. At re-designation, the existing $500 million notional cross-currency swaps were off-market due to changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The off-market value due to interest rates will be amortized ratably into earnings through October 2025 and the off-market value due to foreign exchange rates will remain in accumulated other comprehensive income until the underlying net investment is sold. The combined cross-currency swaps and zero cost collar has been designated as a net investment hedge for accounting purposes.
The swap agreements described above require an exchange of the notional amounts upon expiration or earlier termination of the agreements. We and the counterparties have agreed to effect the exchange through a net settlement.
The cross-currency swaps are marked to market at each reporting date and any changes in fair value are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") while the accrued interest is recognized in interest expense in the statement of operations. The following table summarizes the foreign exchange gains and losses recognized within AOCI and the interest benefit recognized within interest expense related to cross currency swaps for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Foreign exchange (losses) gains
$(24,210)$22,399 
Interest benefit18,814 20,880 
Balance sheet presentation
The following table presents the locations in the consolidated balance sheets and fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Asset derivatives:
Designated foreign currency forward contracts$1,629 $3,154 
Non-designated foreign currency forward contracts937 41 
Cross-currency interest rate swap16,883 48,503 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets19,449 51,698 
Cross-currency interest rate swap — 11,912 
Other assets— 11,912 
Total asset derivatives$19,449 $63,610 
Liability derivatives:
Designated foreign currency forward contracts$1,866 $983 
Non-designated foreign currency forward contracts1,340 477 
Other current liabilities3,206 1,460 
Cross-currency interest rate swap32,097 — 
Other liabilities32,097 — 
Total liability derivatives$35,303 $1,460 
See Note 13 for information on the location and amount of gains and losses attributable to derivatives that were reclassified from AOCI to expense (income), net of tax.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there was no ineffectiveness related to our hedging derivatives.