SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company

Tejon Ranch Co. (the Company, Tejon, we, us and our) is a diversified real estate development and agribusiness company committed to responsibly using our land and resources to meet the housing, employment, and lifestyle needs of Californians. Current operations consist of land planning and entitlement, land development, commercial land sales and leasing, leasing of land for mineral royalties, water asset management and sales, grazing leases, and farming.

These activities are performed through our five reporting segments:


•	Real Estate - Commercial/Industrial


•	Real Estate - Resort/Residential


•	Mineral Resources


•	Farming


•	Ranch Operations

Our prime asset is approximately 270,000 acres of contiguous, largely undeveloped land that, at its most southerly border, is 60 miles north of downtown Los Angeles and, at its most northerly border, is 15 miles east of Bakersfield. We create value by securing entitlements for our land, facilitating infrastructure development, strategic land planning, monetization of land through development and sales, and conservation, in order to maximize the highest and best use for our land.

We are involved in eight joint ventures, that own, develop, and operate real estate properties. We enter into joint ventures as a means to facilitate the development of portions of our land. We are also actively engaged in land planning, land entitlement, and conservation projects.

Any references to the number of acres, number of buildings, square footage, number of leases, occupancy, and any amounts derived from these values in the notes to the consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and the accounts of all subsidiaries and investments in which a controlling interest is held by the Company. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We have evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of our consolidated financial statements.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount for cash equivalents approximates fair value.

Marketable Securities

The Company considers those investments not qualifying as cash equivalents, but which are readily marketable, to be marketable securities. The Company's investment portfolio is comprised of fixed income debt securities, which are classified as current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company classifies all marketable securities as available-for-sale. These are stated at fair value with the unrealized gains (losses), net of tax, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of equity.

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

For joint ventures that the Company does not control, but over which it exercises significant influence, the Company uses the equity method of accounting. The Company's judgment with regard to its level of influence or control of an entity involves consideration of various factors, including the form of its ownership interest; its representation in the entity's governance; its ability to participate in policy-making decisions; and the rights of other investors to participate in the decision-making process, to replace the Company as manager, and/or to liquidate the venture. These ventures are recorded at cost and adjusted for equity in earnings (losses), contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on the Company’s balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets on the joint venture’s balance sheet is adjusted as the related underlying assets are depreciated, amortized, or sold. In circumstances when we contribute land to a joint venture, we record our investment in the venture at fair value when the real estate is derecognized, regardless of whether the other investors in the venture contribute cash, property, or services.

The Company generally allocates income and loss from an unconsolidated joint venture based on the venture's distribution priorities, which may be different from its stated ownership percentage.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in accordance with accounting standards for equity investments by first reviewing each investment for any indicators of impairment. If indicators are present, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the carrying value of the investment is greater than the estimated fair value, management makes an assessment of whether the impairment is “temporary” or “other-than-temporary.” In making this assessment, management considers the following: (1) the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the entity, and (3) the Company’s intent and ability to retain its interest long enough for a recovery in market value. If management concludes that the impairment is "other than temporary," the Company reduces the investment to its estimated fair value.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The Company follows the Financial Accounting Standards Board's authoritative guidance for fair value measurements of certain financial instruments. The guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange (exit) price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Observable inputs are those which can be easily seen by market participants, while unobservable inputs are generally developed internally, utilizing management’s estimates and assumptions:


•	Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.


•	Level 2 – Valuation is determined from quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or by model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable in the market.


•	Level 3 – Valuation is derived from model-based techniques in which at least one significant input is unobservable and based on our own estimates about the assumptions that market participants would use to value the asset or liability.

When available, we use quoted market prices in active markets to determine fair value. We consider the principal market and nonperformance risk associated with our counterparties when determining the fair value measurement. Fair value measurements are used on a recurring basis for marketable securities, investments within the pension plan and hedging instruments, if any.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In October 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with Wells Fargo. See Note 8 (Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail regarding this interest rate swap related to the Company's Credit Facility. We believe it is prudent at times to limit the variability of floating-rate interest payments and in the past have entered into interest rate swaps to manage those fluctuations.

We recognize interest rate swap agreements as either an asset or liability on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the hedging instrument, based on the hedged exposure, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. Our interest rate swap agreement is considered a cash flow hedge because it was designed to match the terms of the Term Loan as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the earnings effect of the hedged transactions in a cash flow hedge. This interest rate swap agreement will be evaluated based on whether it is deemed “highly effective” in reducing our exposure to variable interest rates. We formally document all relationships between interest rate swap agreements and hedged items, including the method for evaluating effectiveness and the risk strategy. We make an assessment at the inception of each interest rate swap agreement and on a quarterly basis to determine whether these instruments are “highly effective” in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged items. The ineffective portion of each interest rate swap agreement is immediately recognized in earnings. While we intend to continue to meet the conditions for such hedge accounting, if swaps did not qualify as “highly effective,” the changes in the fair values of the derivatives used as hedges would be reflected in earnings.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements that are designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Amounts classified in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. The fair value of each interest rate swap agreement is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analyses on the expected cash flows of each derivative. These analyses reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities (also referred to as “significant other observable inputs”). The fair values of our interest rate swap agreements are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair value calculation also includes an amount for risk of non-performance using “significant unobservable inputs” such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default, which we have determined to be insignificant to the overall fair value of our interest rate swap agreements.

Variable Interest Entity

We evaluate all of our interests in VIEs for consolidation. When our interests are determined to be variable interests, we assess whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could potentially be significant. We consider our variable interests as well as any variable interests of our related parties in making this determination. Where both of these factors are present, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and we consolidate the VIE. Where either one of these factors is not present, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate the VIE.

To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, we consider all facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes first, identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and second, identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE.

Effective January 1, 2016, we implemented Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810) – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which specifies that the right to remove the decision maker in a VIE must be exercisable without cause for the decision maker to not be deemed the party that has the power to direct the activities of a VIE. The application of the ASU to our pre-existing entities did not change our respective conclusions as to whether or not they should be consolidated.

To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees, and other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that we apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIE’s capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by us.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had two VIE consolidated in our financial statements. See Note 17 (Investment in Unconsolidated and Consolidated Joint Ventures) to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Credit Risk

The Company grants credit in the course of operations to co-ops, wineries, nut marketing companies, and lessees of the Company’s facilities. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral.

Our commercial revenues are derived primarily from lease rental payments and operating expense reimbursements. If our client tenants fail to make rental payments under their lease, our financial condition, and cash flows could be adversely affected. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based on our judgment of a tenant’s creditworthiness, ability to pay and probability of collection. Accounts are written off when they are deemed to be no longer collectible.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Pastoria Energy Facility, L.L.C., or PEF power plant lease generated approximately 9% and 11% of our total revenues, respectively. We had no other customers account for 5% or more of our revenues from operations in 2018.

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in federally insured financial institutions. The account balances at these institutions periodically exceed FDIC insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company believes that the risk is not significant.

Farm Inventories

Costs of bringing crops to harvest are inventoried when incurred. Such costs are expensed when the crops are sold. Expenses are computed and recognized on an average cost per pound or per ton basis, as appropriate. Costs incurred during the current year related to the next year’s crop are inventoried and carried in inventory until the matching crop is harvested and sold. Farm inventories held for sale are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated on the basis of cost, except for land acquired upon organization in 1936, which is stated on the basis carried by the Company’s predecessor. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various assets. Our property and equipment and their respective estimated useful lives are as follow:



($ in thousands)	Useful Life	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Vineyards and orchards	20	$	53,271		$	52,667
Machinery, furniture fixtures and other equipment	3 - 10	21,673			21,320
Buildings and improvements	10 - 27.5	8,893			8,850
Land and land improvements	15	7,848			7,822
Development in process		7,001			6,600
		98,686			97,259
Less: accumulated depreciation		(52,600		)	(51,927		)
		$	46,086		$	45,332

Long-Term Water Assets

Long-term purchased water contracts are in place with the Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District and the Dudley-Ridge Water Storage District. These contracts provide the Company with the right to receive water over the term of the contracts that expire in 2035. The Company also purchased a contract that allows and requires it to purchase 6,693 acre-feet of water each year from the Nickel Family LLC. The initial term of this contract runs through 2044. The purchase price of these contracts is being amortized under the straight-line basis over their contractual lives. Water contracts with the Wheeler Ridge Maricopa Water Storage District and the Tejon-Castac Water District are also in place, but were entered into with each district at inception and not purchased later from third parties, and therefore do not have a related financial value on the books of the Company. As a result, there is no amortization expense related to these contracts.

Vineyards and Orchards

Costs of planting and developing vineyards and orchards are capitalized until the crops become commercially productive. Interest costs and depreciation of irrigation systems and trellis installations during the development stage are also capitalized. Revenues from crops earned during the development stage are netted against development costs. Depreciation commences when the crops become commercially productive.

At the time farm crops are harvested, contracted, and delivered to buyers and revenues can be estimated, revenues are recognized and any related inventoried costs are expensed, which traditionally occurs during the third and fourth quarters of each year. It is not unusual for portions of our almond or pistachio crop to be sold in the year following the harvest. Orchard (almond and pistachio) revenues are based upon the contract settlement price or estimated selling price, whereas vineyard revenues are typically recognized at the contracted selling price. Estimated prices for orchard crops are based upon the quoted estimate of what the final market price will be by marketers and handlers of the orchard crops. These market price estimates are updated through the crop payment cycle as new information is received as to the final settlement price for the crop sold. These estimates are adjusted to actual upon receipt of final payment for the crop. This method of recognizing revenues on the sale of orchard crops is a standard practice within the agribusiness community. Adjustments for differences between estimates and actual revenues received are recorded during the period in which such amounts become known. The net effect of these adjustments increased farming revenue by $111,000 in 2018, $1,804,000 in 2017, and $734,000 in 2016. The adjustment for 2018 is entirely related to pistachios. The adjustment for 2017 includes $352,000 for almonds and $1,452,000 for pistachios. The adjustment for 2016 includes $653,000 for almonds and $81,000 for pistachios.

The Almond Board of California has the authority to require producers of almonds to withhold a portion of their annual production from the marketplace through a marketing order approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. At December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, no such withholding was mandated.

Common Stock Options and Grants

The Company accounts for stock incentive plans using the fair value method of accounting. The estimated fair value of the restricted stock grants and restricted stock units are expensed over the expected vesting period. For performance-based grants the Company makes estimates of the number of shares that will actually be granted based upon estimated ranges of success in meeting defined performance measures. Periodically, the Company updates its estimates and reflects any changes to the estimate in the consolidated statements of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

On a quarterly basis, we review current activities and changes in the business conditions of all of our operating properties prior to and subsequent to the end of each quarter to determine the existence of any triggering events requiring an impairment analysis. If triggering events are identified, we review an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows for the properties, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, CIP, real estate held for development and intangibles, are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist that may indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset to be held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Impairment indicators or triggering events for long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, CIP, real estate held for development, and intangibles, are assessed by project and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, occupancy changes, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, rental rates, and other market factors. We assess the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, available market information, current and historical operating results, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the property, and our assumptions about the use of the asset, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration. Upon determination that an impairment has occurred, a write-down is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated fair value.

In addition, the Company accounts for long-lived assets to be disposed of at the lower of their carrying amounts or fair value less selling and disposal costs. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, management of the Company believes that none of its long-lived assets were impaired.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from lease revenue from our rental portfolio, royalty revenue from mineral leases, sales of farm crops, sales of water, and land sales. On January 1, 2018, the Company implemented ASU 2014-09 “Revenue with Contracts from Customers (Topic 606)" (ASC 606). ASU 2014-09 supersedes all previous revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The Company recognizes revenue by following the five-step model under ASC 606 to achieve the core principle that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.

Sales of Real Estate

Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company is required to allocate the transaction price, on land sales with multiple performance obligations, to the performance obligations in proportion to their standalone selling prices (i.e., on a relative standalone selling price basis) and not total costs.

Sales of Easements

From time to time the Company sells easements over its land, and the easements are either in the form of rights of access granted for such things as utility corridors or are in the form of conservation easements that generally require the Company to divest its rights to commercially develop a portion of its land, but do not result in a change in ownership of the land or restrict the Company from continuing other revenue generating activities on the land. The Company recognizes easement sales revenue by following the five-step model under ASC 606.

Allocation of Costs Related to Land Sales and Leases

When the Company sells land within one of its real estate developments and has not completed all infrastructure development related to the total project, the Company estimates, at the time of sale, future costs of the development to determine the appropriate costs of sales for the sold land and the timing of recognition of the sale. In the calculation of cost of sales or allocations to leased land, the Company uses estimates and forecasts to determine total costs at completion of the development project. These estimates of final development costs can change as conditions in the market change and costs of construction change.

Royalty Income

Royalty revenues are contractually defined as to the percentage of royalty and are tied to production and market prices. The Company’s royalty arrangements generally require payment on a monthly basis with the payment based on the previous month’s activity. The Company accrues monthly royalty revenues based upon estimates and adjusts to actual as the Company receives payments. The accounting of royalty income remains largely unchanged upon implementation of ASC 606.

Rental Income

Rental income from leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms. We classify amounts currently recognized as income, and amounts expected to be received in later years, as deferred rent in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amounts received currently, but recognized as income in future years, are classified in trade accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other, and deferred income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We commence recognition of rental income at the date the property is ready for its intended use, and the client tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the property.

During the term of each lease, we monitor the credit quality of our tenants by (i) reviewing the credit rating of tenants that are rated by a nationally recognized credit rating agency, (ii) reviewing financial statements of the tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (iii) monitoring news reports regarding our tenants and their respective businesses, and (iv) monitoring the timeliness of lease payments. We have employees who are assigned the responsibility for assessing and monitoring the credit quality of our tenants and any material changes in credit quality.

Environmental Expenditures

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable, and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Generally, the timing of these accruals coincides with the completion of a feasibility study or the Company’s commitment to a formal plan of action. No liabilities for environmental costs have been recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statement dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is reasonably possible that actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606, which supersedes the former revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The guidance introduces a five-step model to achieve its core principal of the entity recognizing revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)." ASU 2016-08 provides specific guidance to determine whether an entity is providing a specified good or service itself or is arranging for the good or service to be provided by another party.

During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted the revenue recognition ASU using the full retrospective method.

Based on our evaluation of all contracts within scope, under previous accounting standards, and under the new revenue recognition ASU, we noted no significant differences in the amounts recognized or the pattern of recognition. Management however noted that the application of ASC 606 impacts the accounting for land sales. Previous guidance required the Company to recognize revenue from land sales with continued involvement using a percentage completion method based on the total cost of the performance obligations. After adopting ASC 606, the Company was required to allocate the transaction price, on land sales with multiple performance obligations, to the performance obligations in proportion to their standalone selling prices (i.e., on a relative standalone selling price basis) and not total costs.

During 2016, the Company sold a land parcel to a third party. Under the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, the Company was obligated to complete specific infrastructure and landscaping adjacent to the land parcel that were deemed essential to the third party. When applying the guidance under ASC 606, the purchase price allocated to the multiple performance obligations yielded a different result than when applying the guidance in effect during that period.

In applying the accounting principles under Topic 606, the Company appropriately applied the full retrospective method to this land sale during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 results of operations, and recognized $73,000 and $1,112,000 of revenues and $9,000 and $1,017,000 of profit from the sale of land, respectively.

No other material differences were noted during our evaluation.

Lease Accounting

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases." From the lessee's perspective, the new standard establishes a right-of-use, or ROU, model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement for a lessee. From the lessor's perspective, the new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either sales-type, finance or operating. Entities are prohibited from using a full retrospective transition approach to adopt this guidance, and a modified retrospective approach is required to be used for all leases that exist at or commence after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. Entities are permitted to elect a package of expedients where an entity need not reassess (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, "Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842", which permits entities to elect a transition practical expedient to not assess land easements that exist or expired before the adoption of the new standard in order to reduce costs and complexity of complying with the transition provisions. If this practical expedient is elected, entities are effectively allowed to grandfather the accounting for easements entered into prior to the adoption of the new standards.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements to Leases (Topic 842)", which allows entities to not apply the new leases standard in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements. Under this transition option, entities can continue to apply the legacy guidance in the comparative periods presented in the year they adopt the new standard. ASU 2018-11 also provides a practical expedient for lessors to combine the lease and non-lease components under certain circumstances to simplify lessor's implementation of the new guidance.

The Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842: Leases, or ASC 842, became effective on January 1, 2019. The Company adopted the new standards using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2019. The optional transition method was elected during this transition, and comparative information is not restated and will continue to be reported under the legacy guidance. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients, and will account for its existing leases under the new guidance without reassessing its prior conclusions of lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs.

Lessee Impact:

The Company currently leases several office copiers under a 48-month lease terms. On January 1, 2019, an operating lease right-of-use asset and an operating lease liability were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets, both in the amount of $52,000, as a result of adopting the new guidance. The $52,000 was determined by calculating the present value of the future annual cash lease payments using a discount rate of 4.11%. The 4.11% discount rate represents the Company's incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. The implementation of the new standards did not have any impact on the consolidated statements of operations or the opening balance of retained earnings on the consolidated statements of equity.

Lessor Impact:

The Company elected the land easement practical expedient upon adoption of the new guidance, and is thus permitted to continue its current accounting policy for land easements that exist or expired before the effective date of the adoption. The Company will evaluate new or modified land easements under ASC 842 beginning on the adoption date of the new guidance.

Additionally, the Company elected the lessor's practical expedient and combined the lease and non-lease components due to the following criteria being met: (i) the timing and pattern of recognizing revenue for the lease component are the same as its associated non-lease components, (ii) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease, and (iii) the lease component is the predominant component within the contract. The Company believes that combining the lease component, which is the lease revenue, and non-lease components such as common area maintenance revenue and provisions of real estate taxes and insurance, will provide more meaningful information as it is more reflective of the predominant component in the lease contracts.

We expect no significant differences in the timing and pattern of revenue recognition under the new lease guidance for all our existing leases from the lessor's perspective. For new leases originated after the adoption date, we expect to capitalize less initial direct cost, as the definition of initial direct cost is narrower under the new guidance. Certain costs, such as legal costs incurred, were eligible for capitalization under the legacy guidance, but are no longer eligible for capitalization under the new standards. The amounts capitalized as legal costs have been de minimis in the past and would not have a material impact to our results of operations.

Postretirement Benefits

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07 "Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)", which requires employers who offer defined benefit pension plans or other post-retirement benefit plans to report the service cost component within the same income statement caption as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. The ASU also requires the other components of net periodic benefit cost to be presented separately from the service cost component, in a caption outside of a subtotal of income from operations. Additionally, the ASU provides that only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization. The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption, the Company reclassified $428,000 and $739,000 from Corporate expenses to Other loss, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Other Income

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05 "Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20)", effective for the annual reporting period beginning after the December 15, 2017, including the interim reporting period within that period. This update provides guidance on the recognition of gains and losses on transfers of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets to counterparties that are not customers.

As of January 1, 2018, the Company began accounting for non-financial assets under Subtopic 610-20 which provides for revenue recognition based on transfer of ownership.

The new standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or prospectively with the cumulative effect, if any, recognized as of the date of adoption. The Company selected the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of the standard did not result in a cumulative adjustment recognized as of January 1, 2018, and the standard did not have any impact on the Company’s prior period financial statements. The Company had no sales or transfers of non-financial assets to counterparties that are not customers as of December 31, 2018.

Allowance for Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU No. 2016-13 "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326)" changing the impairment model for most financial instruments by requiring companies to recognize an allowance for expected losses, rather than incurred losses as required currently by the other-than-temporary impairment model. The ASU will apply to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g., loan commitments). The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Financial Instruments

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Statements - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities", which requires equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. There will no longer be an available-for-sale classification for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. We adopted the new ASU on January 1, 2018. The ASU requires the use of the modified retrospective transition method, under which cumulative unrealized gains and losses related to equity investments with readily determinable fair values will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings on January 1, 2018, upon adoption of this ASU. The guidance related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values will be applied prospectively to all investments that exist as of the date of adoption. The adoption of this new ASU did not impact the Company's investment portfolio as it is comprised of fixed income investments and not equity investments.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement". This ASU removes certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value hierarchy, such as disclosure of amounts and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and adds new disclosure requirements, such as disclosure of the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurement. For the Company, the new standard will be effective on January 1, 2020. The Company does not expect this ASU to have any material impact on its consolidated financial statements, as the Company does not have financial instruments classified as level 3.