VIEs are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (2) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity.

We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon our initial involvement with the VIE and we reassess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis. Our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is based upon the facts and circumstances for each VIE and requires judgment. Our considerations in determining the VIE’s most significant activities and whether we have power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, the VIE’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the voting interests of the VIE, management, service and/or other agreements of the VIE, involvement in the VIE’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees. In situations where we have determined that the power over the VIE’s significant activities is shared, we assess whether we are the party with the power over the most significant activities. If we are the party with the power over the most significant activities, we meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary. If we do not have the power over the most significant activities or we determine that decisions require consent of each sharing party, we do not meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary.

We assess our variable interests in a VIE both individually and in aggregate to determine whether we have an obligation to absorb losses of or a right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The determination of whether our variable interest is significant to the VIE requires judgment. In determining the significance of our variable interest, we consider the terms, characteristics and size of the variable interests, the design and characteristics of the VIE, our involvement in the VIE and our market-making activities related to the variable interests.

The following table presents information about our consolidated VIEs at November 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions). The assets and liabilities in the tables below are presented prior to consolidation and thus a portion of these assets and liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.


	November 30,
	2022				2021
	Secured Funding Vehicles		Other		Secured Funding Vehicles		Other
Cash	$	—	$	1.4	$	3.8	$	—
Financial instruments owned	—		7.1		173.1		146.4
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (1)	1,565.0		—		3,697.1		—
Receivables from brokers (2)	—		15.2		—		40.6
Other receivables	—		—		0.6		—
Other assets (3)	798.8		88.3		740.8		—
Total assets	$	2,363.8	$	112.0	$	4,615.4	$	187.0
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	$	—	$	5.7	$	—	$	109.1
Other secured financings (4)	2,289.9		—		4,521.6		—
Payables to broker dealers	—		—		44.2		—
Other liabilities (5)	4.6		37.6		2.4		75.3
Long-term debt	—		24.7		—		—
Total liabilities	$	2,294.5	$	68.0	$	4,568.2	$	184.4

Secured Funding Vehicles. We are the primary beneficiary of asset-backed financing vehicles to which we sell agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage loans, and asset-backed securities pursuant to the terms of a master repurchase agreement. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of our collateral margin maintenance obligations under the master repurchase agreement, which we manage, and retained interests in securities issued. The assets of these VIEs consist of reverse repurchase agreements, which are available for the benefit of the vehicle’s debt holders.

We are the primary beneficiary of automobile loan financing vehicles to which we transfer automobile loans, act as servicer of the automobile loans for a fee and retain equity interests in the vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist primarily of automobile loans, which are accounted for as loans held for investment at amortized cost included within Other assets on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The liabilities of these VIEs consist of notes issued by the VIEs, which are accounted for at amortized cost and included within Other secured financings on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition and do not have recourse to our general credit. The automobile loans are pledged as collateral for the related notes and available only for the benefit of the note holders.

Other. We are the primary beneficiary of certain investment vehicles set up for the benefit of our employees. We manage and invest alongside our employees in these vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist of private equity securities, and are available for the benefit of the entities’ equity holders. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of equity securities. The creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to our general credit and each such VIE’s assets are not available to satisfy any other debt.

We also are the primary beneficiary of a real estate syndication entity that is developing multi-family residential property and manage the property. The assets of the VIE consist primarily of real estate and its liabilities consist primarily of accrued expenses and long-term debt secured by the real estate property. Our variable interest in the VIE consist primarily of our limited liability company interest, a sponsor promote and development and asset management fees for managing the project.


	November 30, 2022
	Carrying Amount				Maximum Exposure to Loss		VIE Assets
	Assets		Liabilities
CLOs	$	133.5	$	1.4	$	1,642.5	$	7,705.3
Asset-backed vehicles	561.0		—		690.4		4,408.3
Related party private equity vehicles	24.8		—		35.5		69.1
Other investment vehicles	1,172.6		—		1,254.0		18,940.5
FXCM	94.8		—		94.8		389.6
Total	$	1,986.7	$	1.4	$	3,717.2	$	31,512.8


	November 30, 2021
	Carrying Amount				Maximum Exposure to Loss		VIE Assets
	Assets		Liabilities
CLOs	$	582.2	$	2.0	$	2,557.1	$	10,277.5
Asset-backed vehicles	281.9		—		359.3		3,474.6
Related party private equity vehicles	27.1		—		37.8		78.9
Other investment vehicles	1,111.5		—		1,201.6		15,101.4
FXCM	99.5		—		99.5		387.9
Total	$	2,102.2	$	2.0	$	4,255.3	$	29,320.3

Our maximum exposure to loss often differs from the carrying value of the variable interests. The maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of our variable interests in the VIEs and is limited to the notional amounts of certain loan and equity commitments and guarantees. Our maximum exposure to loss does not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that may be utilized to hedge the risks associated with our variable interests and is not reduced by the amount of collateral held as part of a transaction with a VIE.

Collateralized Loan Obligations. Assets collateralizing the CLOs include bank loans, participation interests, sub-investment grade and senior secured U.S. loans, and senior secured Euro denominated corporate leveraged loans and bonds. We underwrite securities issued in CLO transactions on behalf of sponsors and provide advisory services to the sponsors. We may also sell corporate loans to the CLOs. Our variable interests in connection with CLOs where we have been involved in providing underwriting and/or advisory services consist of the following:

Asset-Backed Vehicles. We provide financing and lending related services to certain client-sponsored VIEs in the form of revolving funding note agreements, revolving credit facilities, forward purchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The underlying assets, which are collateralizing the vehicles, are primarily composed of unsecured consumer loans and mortgage loans. In addition, we may provide structuring and advisory services and act as an underwriter or placement agent for securities issued by the vehicles. We do not control the activities of these entities.

Related Party Private Equity Vehicles. We committed to invest in private equity funds, (the “JCP Funds”, including JCP Fund V (see Note 9, Investments)) managed by Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC (the “JCP Manager”). Additionally, we committed to invest in the general partners of the JCP Funds (the “JCP General Partners”) and the JCP Manager. Our variable interests in the JCP Funds, JCP General Partners and JCP Manager (collectively, the “JCP Entities”) consist of equity interests that, in total, provide us with limited and general partner investment returns of the JCP Funds, a portion of the carried interest earned by the JCP General Partners and a portion of the management fees earned by the JCP Manager. At November 30, 2022 and 2021, our total equity commitment in the JCP Entities was $133.0 million, of which $122.4 million and $122.3 million had been funded, respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments in the JCP Entities was $24.8 million and $27.1 million at November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. The assets of the JCP Entities primarily consist of private equity and equity related investments.

Other Investment Vehicles. At November 30, 2022 and 2021, we had equity commitments to invest $1.14 billion and $1.09 billion, respectively, in various other investment vehicles, of which $1.06 billion and $999.8 million was funded, respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments was $1.17 billion and $1.11 billion at November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. These investment vehicles have assets primarily consisting of private and public equity investments, debt instruments, trade and insurance claims and various oil and gas assets.

FXCM. We have equity interests in FXCM of $59.7 million consisting of a 50% voting interest in FXCM and rights to a majority of all distributions in respect of the equity of FXCM, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and reported within Investments in and loans to related parties in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We also have a senior secured term loan to FXCM due May 6, 2023, which is accounted for at a fair value of $35.1 million and $50.5 million, at November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is reported within Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The assets of FXCM consist primarily of brokerage receivables and other financial instruments and operating assets as part of FXCM’s foreign exchange trading business.

Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Secured Funding Vehicles. In connection with our secondary trading and market making activities, we buy and sell agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, which are issued by third-party securitization SPEs and are generally considered variable interests in VIEs. Securities issued by securitization SPEs are backed by residential mortgage loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage loans, CDOs and CLOs and other consumer loans, such as installment receivables, automobile loans and student loans. These securities are accounted for at fair value and included in Financial instruments owned in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have no other involvement with the related SPEs and therefore do not consolidate these entities.

We also engage in underwriting, placement and structuring activities for third-party-sponsored securitization trusts generally through agency (Fannie Mae, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or Ginnie Mae) or non-agency-sponsored SPEs and may purchase loans or mortgage-backed securities from third-parties that are subsequently transferred into the securitization trusts. The securitizations are backed by residential and commercial mortgage, home equity and automobile loans. We do not consolidate agency-sponsored securitizations as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the SPEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Further, we are not the servicer of non-agency-sponsored securitizations and therefore do not have power to direct the most significant activities of the SPEs and accordingly, do not consolidate these entities. We may retain unsold senior and/or subordinated interests at the time of securitization in the form of securities issued by the SPEs.

At November 30, 2022 and 2021, we held $1.47 billion and $1.31 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, respectively, and $180.6 million and $253.9 million of non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, respectively, as a result of our secondary trading and market-making activities, and underwriting, placement and structuring activities. Our maximum exposure to loss on these securities is limited to the carrying value of our investments in these securities. These mortgage-backed and other asset-backed secured funding vehicles discussed are not included in the above table containing information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs.