The Board of Directors shall fix the location of the principal executive office of the corporation at any place within or outside the State of California and may change said principal office from one location to another. If the principal executive office is located outside California and the corporation has one or more business offices in California, then the Board of Directors shall fix and designate a principal business office in California.

Branch or subordinate offices may at any time be established by the Board of Directors at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.

All meetings of shareholders shall be held either at the principal executive office or at any other place within or without the State of California which may be designated either by the Board of Directors or by the written consent of a majority of the shareholders entitled to vote thereat as determined pursuant to Section 6.1 of these Bylaws given either before or after the meeting. If authorized by the Board of Directors (in its sole discretion) and subject to the requirement of consent in clause (b) of Section 20 of the California Corporations Code and any guidelines and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors, shareholders not physically present in person or by proxy at a meeting of shareholders may, by electronic transmission by and to the corporation or by electronic video communication, participate in a meeting of shareholders, be deemed present in person or by proxy and vote, whether that meeting is to be held at a designated place or in whole or in part by means of electronic transmission by and to the corporation or by electronic video communication.

The annual meetings of shareholders shall be held on such day and at such hour as may be fixed by the Board of Directors. At such meeting, Directors shall be elected, and any other proper business may be transacted.

Special meetings of the shareholders may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President, or by the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of the votes at the meeting. Notice of such special meeting shall be given in the same manner as for the annual meeting of shareholders. Notices of any special meetings shall specify in addition to the place, date and hour of such meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted thereat.

Section 2.4 Meetings by Electronic Transmission or Electronic Video Communication. A meeting of shareholders may be conducted, in whole or in part, by electronic transmission by and to the corporation or by electronic video communication if:

Any request by the corporation to a shareholder pursuant to clause (b) of Section 20 of the California Corporations Code for consent to conduct a meeting of shareholders by electronic transmission by and to the corporation shall include a notice that, absent consent of the shareholder pursuant to such clause, the meeting will be held at a physical location.

Written notice of each meeting of shareholders shall be given not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat. Such notice shall be given either personally or by mail or other means of written communication, addressed or delivered to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting at the address of such shareholder appearing on the books of the corporation or given by him to the corporation for the purpose of such notice. If no such address appears or is given, notice shall be given either personally or by mail or other means of written communication addressed to the shareholder at the place where the principal executive office of the corporation is located, or by publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which said office is located. The notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in the mail or sent by other means of written communication.

The same procedure for the giving of notice shall apply to the giving of any report to shareholders.

All such notices shall state the place, the date and the hour of such meeting, and shall state such matters, if any, as may be expressly required by the California Corporations Code.

Upon request by any person or persons entitled to call a special meeting, the Chairman of the Board, President, Vice President or Secretary shall within twenty (20) days after receipt of the request cause notice to be given to the shareholders entitled to vote that a special meeting will be held at a time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, but not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than sixty (60) days after receipt of the request.

All other notices shall be sent by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or if there be no such officer, or in the case of his neglect or refusal to act, by any other officer, or by persons calling the meeting.

Any shareholders' meeting, annual or special, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of a majority of the shares, represented either in person or by proxy, but in the absence of a quorum, no other business may be transacted at such meeting, except as provided in Section 2.8 of these Bylaws.

When a shareholders' meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice of the adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; except that if the adjournment is for more than forty-five (45) days or if after the

adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat.

At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

Except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation and subject to Section 6.1 of these Bylaws, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders. Vote may be viva voce or by ballot; provided, however, that elections for Directors must be by ballot upon demand made by a shareholder at the meeting and before the voting begins.

Every shareholder entitled to vote at any election for Directors may cumulate his, her or its votes and give one candidate a number of votes equal to the number of Directors to be elected, multiplied by the number of votes to which his shares are entitled, or to distribute his, her or its votes on the same principle among as many candidates as he thinks fit, provided that no shareholder shall be entitled to cumulate votes unless such candidate or candidates names have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and the shareholder has given notice at the meeting, prior to the voting, of the shareholder's intention to cumulate the shareholder's votes. If any one shareholder has given such notice, all shareholders may cumulate their votes for candidates in nomination. The candidates receiving the highest number of votes of the shares entitled to be voted for them, up to the number of Directors to be elected by such shares, shall be elected.

Any holder of shares entitled to vote on any matter may vote part of the shares in favor of the proposal and refrain from voting the remaining shares or vote them against the proposal, other than elections to office, but, if the shareholder fails to specify the number of shares such shareholder is voting affirmatively, it shall be conclusively presumed that the shareholder's approving vote is with respect to all shares said shareholder is entitled to vote.

A majority of the shares entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders. If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote on any matter shall be the act of the shareholders, unless otherwise required by the Articles of Incorporation or the California Corporations Code.

The shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum.

The transactions of any meeting of shareholders, if not duly called and noticed, and wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present either in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the shareholders entitled to vote, not present in person or by proxy, signs a written waiver of notice, or a consent to the holding of such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents, or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when a person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the

meeting is not lawfully called or convened; provided, that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters required by law or these Bylaws to be included in the notice but not so included if such objection is expressly made at the meeting.

Any action which may be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting and without prior notice, if a consent in writing, setting forth the actions so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number of votes which would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted; provided, that except to fill a vacancy as provided in Section 3.6 of these Bylaws, Directors may not be elected by written consent except by unanimous written consent of all shares entitled to vote for the election of Directors.

Unless the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have been solicited in writing, notice of the following actions approved by shareholders without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those shareholders entitled to vote who have not consented in writing at least ten (10) days before the consummation of the action authorized by such approval:

Unless the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have been solicited in writing, prompt notice of the taking of any corporate action not listed above which is approved by shareholders without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent, shall be given to those shareholders entitled to vote who have not consented in writing.

Every person entitled to vote shares may authorize another person or persons to act by proxy with respect to such shares. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

Subject to the limitations stated in the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, and the California Corporations Code as to actions which shall be approved by the shareholders or by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, and subject to the duties of Directors as prescribed by the California Corporations Code, all corporate powers shall be exercised by, or under the direction of, and the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by, the Board of Directors.

The authorized number of Directors which shall constitute the whole Board shall be not less than one (1) nor greater than three (3). The directors need not be stockholders. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3.6 of this Article, and each director shall hold office until their successor is elected and qualified; provided, however, that unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or by law, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, from the Board of Directors at any meeting of the shareholders by a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat.

The Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders, but if any such annual meeting is not held, or the Directors are not elected thereat, the Directors may be elected at any special meeting of the shareholders held for that purpose. All Directors shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which elected and until their respective successors are elected, except in the case of the death, resignation or removal of any Director. A Director need not be a shareholder.

Any Director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Secretary or the Board of Directors of the corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future time, the Board of Directors may elect a successor to take office when the resignation becomes effective.

The entire Board of Directors or any individual Director may be removed from office, prior to the expiration of their or his term of office only in the manner and within the limitations provided by the California Corporations Code.

No reduction of the authorized number of Directors shall have the effect of removing any Director prior to the expiration of such Director's term of office.

A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist (i) in case of the death, resignation or removal of any Director, (ii) if the Board of Directors by resolution declares vacant the office of a Director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a felony, (iii) if the authorized number of Directors is increased, or (iv) if the shareholders fail at any annual or special meeting of shareholders at which any Director or Directors are elected to elect the full authorized number of Directors to be voted for at that meeting.

Vacancies in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining Directors, or if the number of Directors then in office is less than a quorum by (i) unanimous written consent of the Directors then in office, (ii) the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office at a meeting held pursuant to notice or waivers of notice, or (iii) a sole remaining Director; however, a vacancy created by the removal of a Director by the vote or written consent of the shareholders or by court order may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented and voting at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present (which shares voting affirmatively also constitute at least a majority of the required quorum), or by the unanimous written consent of all shares entitled to vote thereon. Each Director so elected shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which he was elected and until his successor is elected at an annual or a special meeting of the shareholders, or until his death, resignation or removal.

The shareholders may elect a Director or Directors at any time to fill any vacancy or vacancies not filled by the Directors. Any such election by written consent other than to fill a vacancy created by removal requires the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote.

Immediately after each annual meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business. No notice of such meeting need be given.

The Board of Directors may provide by resolution the time and place for the holding of regular meetings of the Board; provided, however, that if the date so designated falls upon a legal holiday, then the meeting shall be held at the same time and place on the next succeeding day which is not a legal holiday. No notice of such regular meetings of the Board need be given.

Meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Secretary or any two Directors of the corporation.

Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of California which may be designated in the notice of the meeting, or, if not stated in the notice or if there is no notice, designated by resolution of the Board. In the absence of such designation, meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.

Section 3.11 Meetings by Conference Telephone or Other Communications Equipment.

So long as permitted by statute, Directors may participate in a regular or special meeting through use of conference telephone, electronic video communication or electronic transmission by and to the corporation. Participation in a meeting through the use of conference telephone or electronic video communication shall constitute presence in person at that meeting as long as all Directors participating in the meeting are able to hear one another. Participation through electronic transmission by or to the corporation (other than by conference telephone or electronic video communication) constitutes presence in person if: (1) each Director participating in the meeting can communicate with all of the other Directors concurrently; and (2) each Director is provided the means of participating in all matters before the Board of Directors, including, without limitation, the capacity to propose, or to interpose an objection to, a specified action to be taken by the corporation.

Written notice of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally to each Director, or sent to each Director by mail, or by telephone (including a voice messaging system or by electronic transmission by the corporation). In case such notice is sent by mail, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. In case such notice is delivered personally, or by telephone (including a voice messaging system or by electronic transmission by the corporation), it shall be so delivered at least forty-eight (48) hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the Director or to a person at the office of the Director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the Director. Such notice may be given by the Secretary of the corporation or by the persons who called said meeting. Such notice need not specify the purpose of the meeting, and notice shall not be necessary if appropriate waivers, consents and/or approvals are filed in accordance with Section 3.13 of these Bylaws.

Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Director who signs a waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to such Director.

The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum is present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the Directors not present signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board shall individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such Directors.

A majority of the authorized number of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors, unless the Articles of Incorporation or the California Corporations Code specifically requires a greater number. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors present may adjourn the meeting as provided in Section 3.16 of these Bylaws. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough Directors to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting.

Any meeting of the Board of Directors, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned to another time and place by the vote of a majority of the Directors present. Notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting need not be given to absent Directors if said time and place are fixed at the meeting adjourned.

Every Director shall have the absolute right at any time to inspect, copy and make extra copies of, in person or by agent or attorney, all books, records and documents of every kind and to inspect the physical properties of the corporation.

Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as Directors, but, by resolution of the Board, a fixed fee, with or without expenses of attendance, may be allowed for attendance at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.

The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of Directors, appoint an executive committee, consisting of two or more Directors. The Board may designate one or more Directors as an alternate member of such committee, who may replace any absent member of any meeting of the committee. The executive committee, subject to any limitations imposed by the California Corporations Code, or by resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the authorized number of Directors, or imposed by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all of the powers of the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of Directors, designate such other committees, each consisting of two or more Directors, as it may from time to time deem advisable to perform such general or special duties as may from time to time be delegated to any such committee by the Board of Directors, subject to the limitations contained in the California Corporations Code, or imposed by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. The Board may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent member at any meeting of the committee.

Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings, which shall be filed with the Secretary. All action by any committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors at the next meeting thereof, and, insofar as rights of third parties shall not be affected thereby, shall be subject to revision and alteration by the Board of Directors.

Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws or by resolution of the Board of Directors, each committee shall adopt its own rules governing the time and place of holding and the method of calling its meetings and the conduct of its proceedings and shall meet as provided by such rules, and it shall also meet at the call of any member of the committee. Unless otherwise provided by such rules or by resolution of the Board of Directors, committee meetings shall be governed by Sections 3.11, 3.12 and 3.13 of these Bylaws. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the a committee may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the committee shall individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such committee members.

The term of office of any committee member shall be as provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating him but shall not exceed his term as a Director. Any member of a committee may be removed at any time by resolution adopted by Directors holding a majority of the directorships, either present at a meeting of the Board or by written approval thereof.

The officers of the corporation shall be a President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be the Chief Financial Officer of the corporation. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3. One person may hold two or more offices.

The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these bylaws, shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors, and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified.

The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by a majority of the Directors at the time in office, at any regular or special meeting of the Board, or, except in case of an officer elected by the Board of Directors, by an officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors.

Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner described in these Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.

The Chairman of the Board, if there shall be such an officer, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors, and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by these Bylaws.

Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be such an officer, the President shall be the general manager and chief executive officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and officers of the corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws.

In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or if not ranked, the Vice President designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to, all the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.

The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, a book of minutes in written form of the proceedings of the Board of Directors, committees of the Board, and shareholders. Such minutes shall include all waivers of notice, consents to the holding of meetings, or approvals of the minutes of meetings executed pursuant to these Bylaws or the California Corporations Code. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept at the principal executive office or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar, a record of its shareholders, giving the names and addresses of all shareholders and the number and class of shares held by each.

The Secretary shall give or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors required by these Bylaws or by law to be given, and shall keep the seal of the corporation in safe custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.

The Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of account in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form.

The Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositaries as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse all funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and Directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws.

The Assistant Secretary shall have all the powers, and perform all the duties of, the Secretary in the absence or inability of the Secretary to act.

The compensation of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a Director of the corporation.

The Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a time in the future as the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting or to vote or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or entitled to exercise any

rights in respect of any other lawful action. Shareholders on the record date are entitled to notice and to vote or receive the dividend, distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares in the books of the corporation after the record date, except as otherwise provided by law. Said record date shall not be more than sixty (60) or less than ten (10) days prior to the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.

A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, but the Board shall fix a new record date if the meeting is adjourned for more than forty-five (45) days from the date set for the original meeting.

If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date shall be fixed pursuant to the California Corporations Code.

The accounting books and records, and minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors and committees of the Board shall be open to inspection upon written demand made upon the corporation by any shareholder or the holder of a voting trust certificate, at any reasonable time during usual business hours, for a purpose reasonably related to his interest as a shareholder, or as the holder of such voting trust certificate. The record of shareholders shall also be open to inspection by any shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate at any time during usual business hours upon written demand on the corporation, for a purpose reasonably related to such holder's interest as a shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate. Such inspection may be made in person or by an agent or attorney, and shall include the right to copy and to make extracts.

The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the statutory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute any corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation. Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory notes, mortgages, evidences of indebtedness, conveyances or other instruments in writing, and any assignment or endorsement thereof, executed or entered into between the corporation and any person, may be signed by any one of the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer of the corporation.

The Board of Directors may, subject to applicable notice requirements, in its discretion, submit any contract or act for approval or ratification of the shareholders at any annual meeting of shareholders, or at any special meeting of shareholders called for that purpose; and any contract or act which shall be approved or ratified by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote represented at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present, or by the written consent of shareholders, shall be as valid and binding upon the corporation and upon the shareholders thereof as though approved or ratified by each and every shareholder of the corporation, unless a greater vote is required by law for such purpose.

For so long as the corporation has less than 100 holders of record of its shares, the mandatory requirement of an annual report is hereby expressly waived. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, cause an annual report to be sent to the shareholders. Such reports shall contain at least a balance sheet as of the close of such fiscal year and an income statement and statement of changes in

financial position for such fiscal year, and shall be accompanied by any report thereon of independent accountants, or if there is no such report, the certificate of an authorized officer of the corporation that such statements were prepared without audit of the books and records of the corporation.

A shareholder or shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of any class of the corporation may make a written request to the corporation for an income statement and/or a balance sheet of the corporation for the three-month, six-month or nine-month period of the current fiscal year ended more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of the request, and such statement shall be delivered or mailed to the person making the request within thirty (30) days thereafter. Such statements shall be accompanied by the report thereon, if any, of any independent accountants engaged by the corporation or the certificates of an authorized officer of the corporation that such financial statements were prepared without audit from the books and records of the corporation.

The President and Vice President of this corporation are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of the corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this corporation any and all shares held by this corporation and any other corporation or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney and duly executed by said officers.

The corporation shall keep in its principal executive office in this State the original or a copy of the Bylaws as amended or otherwise altered to date, which shall be open to inspection by the shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours.

Certificates for shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form and design as the Board of Directors shall determine and shall be signed in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board, or the President or Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary. Each certificate shall state the certificate number, the date of issuance, the number, class or series and the name of the record holder of the shares represented thereby, the name of the corporation, and, if the shares of the corporation are classified or if any class of shares has two or more series, there shall appear the statement required by the California Corporations Code.

Shares of stock may be transferred in any manner permitted or provided by law. Before any transfer of stock is entered upon the books of the corporation, or any new certificate issued therefor, the older certificate, properly endorsed, shall be surrendered and canceled, except when a certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed.

The Board of Directors may order a new certificate for shares of stock to be issued in the place of any certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, but in every such case, the owner or the legal representative of the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificates may be required to give the corporation a bond (or other adequate security) in such form and amount as the Board may deem sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against the corporation (including any

expense or liability) on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or issuance of such new certificate.

Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative ("Proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation, whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the California General Corporation Law, against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in this Article VIII of these bylaws, the corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnity in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors of the corporation. The right to indemnification conferred by this Section shall include the right to be paid by the corporation expenses incurred in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition to the fullest extent authorized by the California General Corporation Law; provided, however, that, if required by the California General Corporation Law, the payment of such expenses incurred by such person in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding shall be made only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it should be determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise.

If a claim under Section 8.1 of this Article VIII is not paid in full by the corporation within ninety (90) days after a written claim has been received by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the California General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the California General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

The corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification, and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article with respect to the indemnification of and advancement of expenses to directors and officers of the corporation.

The rights conferred on any person by this Article VIII above shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation, Bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

The Board of Directors is authorized to enter into a contract with any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or any person who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including employee benefit plans, or any person who was a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation, providing for indemnification rights equivalent to or, if the Board of Directors so determines, greater than, those provided for in this Article VIII.

The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or another corporation (including a predecessor corporation), partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the California Corporations Code.

Any amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Article VIII by the shareholders or the Directors of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Director or officer of the corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.

New Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote or by the written consent thereof, except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation.

Subject to the right of shareholders as provided in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws, Bylaws other than a Bylaw or amendment thereof specifying or changing a fixed number of Directors, or the minimum or maximum number of a variable Board of Directors, or changing from a fixed to a variable Board of Directors or vice versa, may be adopted, amended or repealed by the approval of the Board of Directors.

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ARTICLE I OFFICES			1
	Section 1.1	Principal Executive Office	1
	Section 1.2	Other Offices	1
ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS			1
	Section 2.1	Place of Meetings	1
	Section 2.2	Annual Meetings	2
	Section 2.3	Special Meetings	2
	Section 2.4	Meetings by Electronic Transmission or Electronic Video Communication	2
	Section 2.5	Notice of Meetings or Reports	2
	Section 2.6	Adjourned Meetings and Notice Thereof	3
	Section 2.7	Voting	3
	Section 2.8	Quorum	4
	Section 2.9	Consent of Absentees	4
	Section 2.10	Action Without Meeting	4
	Section 2.11	Proxies	5
ARTICLE III DIRECTORS			5
	Section 3.1	Powers	5
	Section 3.2	Number of Directors	6
	Section 3.3	Election and Term of Office	6
	Section 3.4	Resignation	6
	Section 3.5	Removal	6
	Section 3.6	Vacancies	6
	Section 3.7	Organization Meeting	7
	Section 3.8	Other Regular Meetings	7
	Section 3.9	Calling Meetings	7
	Section 3.10	Place of Meetings	7
	Section 3.11	Meetings by Conference Telephone or Other Communications Equipment	7
	Section 3.12	Notice of Special Meetings	8
	Section 3.13	Waiver of Notice	8
	Section 3.14	Action Without Meeting	8
	Section 3.15	Quorum	8
	Section 3.16	Adjournment	9
	Section 3.17	Inspection Rights	9
	Section 3.18	Fees and Compensation	9
ARTICLE IV EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND OTHER COMMITTEES			9
	Section 4.1	Executive Committee	9
	Section 4.2	Other Committees	9
	Section 4.3	Minutes and Reports	10
	Section 4.4	Meetings	10
	Section 4.5	Term of Office of Committee Members	10
ARTICLE V OFFICERS			10
	Section 5.1	Officers	10
	Section 5.2	Election	10
	Section 5.3	Subordinate Officers, etc.	11
	Section 5.4	Removal and Resignation	11
	Section 5.5	Vacancies	11

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	Section 5.6	Chairman of the Board	11
	Section 5.7	President	11
	Section 5.8	Vice President	12
	Section 5.9	Secretary	12
	Section 5.10	Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer	12
	Section 5.11	Assistant Secretary	12
	Section 5.12	Compensation	12
ARTICLE VI GENERAL MATTERS			13
	Section 6.1	Record Date	13
	Section 6.2	Inspection of Corporate Records	13
	Section 6.3	Execution of Corporate Instruments	13
	Section 6.4	Ratification by Shareholders	14
	Section 6.5	Annual Report	14
	Section 6.6	Representation of Shares of Other Corporations	14
	Section 6.7	Inspection of Bylaws	14
ARTICLE VII SHARES OF STOCK			15
	Section 7.1	Form of Certificates	15
	Section 7.2	Transfer of Shares	15
	Section 7.3	Lost Certificates	15
ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION			15
	Section 8.1	Indemnification by Corporation	15
	Section 8.2	Right of Claimant to Bring Suit	16
	Section 8.3	Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation	16
	Section 8.4	Rights Not Exclusive	17
	Section 8.5	Indemnity Agreements	17
	Section 8.6	Insurance	17
	Section 8.7	Amendment, Repeal or Modification	17
ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS			17
	Section 9.1	Power of Shareholders	17
	Section 9.2	Power of Directors	17