10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

þQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

or

oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-33710

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 06-1393453
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

1621 Fiske Place

Oxnard, CA  93033

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (805) 639-9458

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                                                                           Yes  þ  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).               Yes  þ  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated filer   o Accelerated filer   o Non-accelerated filer   o Smaller reporting company þ

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).          Yes  o  No  þ

As of May 6, 2016, the outstanding number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, was 19,483,790.

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	3
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	4
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	23
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	24
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A. Risk Factors	24
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	24
Item 5. Other Information	24
Item 6. Exhibits	24
SIGNATURES	25

i

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “CDTi” or the “Company” or “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, adopted pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “may,” “will,” “project,” “might,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “strategy,” “plan,” “continue,” “pursue,” or the negative of these words or other words or expressions of similar meaning. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us, are current only as of the date on which the statements are made, and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. For examples of such risks and uncertainties, please refer to the discussion under the caption “Risk Factors” contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2016 and our other filings with the SEC, including without limitation the following:

·We have limited cash and experience negative cash flows from operations, and need to raise additional capital to sustain our operations. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may be forced to seek to reorganize under bankruptcy laws or liquidate. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern;

·If we are forced to seek reorganization under bankruptcy laws, there can be no assurance that we will be successful or that we will emerge as a going concern;

·We require additional working capital to maintain our operations in the form of funding from outside sources which may be limited, difficult to obtain, or unavailable on acceptable terms or not available at all, or in the case of an offering of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, may result in dilution to our existing stockholders;

·Future growth of our business depends, in part, on the general availability of funding for emissions control programs, enforcement of existing emissions-related environmental regulations, further tightening of emission standards worldwide, market acceptance of our catalyst products, and successful product verifications;

·We cannot assure you that we will be successful in our transition into an advanced materials supplier or that those efforts will have the intended effect of increasing profitability;

·Currently, we derive the majority of our revenue from our catalyst coating business with Honda. We anticipate that our supply of coated catalysts to Honda will begin to significantly decline in the second half of 2017, as certain current vehicle models are phased out. Accordingly, it will be critical that our advanced materials strategy produces revenue with new customers, which may include Honda directly or indirectly, to replace those from our current catalyst coating business. In addition, we have an expired agreement with Honda that may limit our rights to commercialize certain technology within the scope of that agreement and adversely affect the ability to license certain technology;

·We may not be able to successfully market new products that are developed or obtain verification or approval of our new products;

·We depend on intellectual property and the failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our future growth and success;

·We are subject to restrictions and must pay a royalty on certain sales of our products and technology in specified countries in Asia;

·If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, it will harm the ability of our business to grow;

·We have entered into contractual agreements in connection with past sales of certain of our assets, which may expose us to liability for claims for indemnification under such agreements;

·Our results may fluctuate due to certain regulatory, marketing and competitive factors over which we have little or no control;

·We face constant changes in governmental standards by which our products are evaluated as well as competition and technological advances by competitors; and

·We could be delisted from NASDAQ, which could seriously harm the liquidity of our stock and our ability to raise capital.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to other forward-looking statements.

ii

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2016		2015
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	1,596	$	2,958
Accounts receivable, net	5,469		4,255
Inventories	7,329		7,918
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,790		1,568
Total current assets	16,184		16,699
Property and equipment, net	1,624		1,538
Intangible assets, net	1,871		1,901
Goodwill	4,825		4,659
Other assets	323		305
Total assets	$	24,827	$	25,102
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Line of credit	$	4,109	$	3,513
Accounts payable	5,988		5,012
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,261		7,854
Income taxes payable	600		534
Total current liabilities	17,958		16,913
Shareholder notes payable	7,568		7,559
Deferred tax liability	212		193
Total liabilities	25,738		24,665
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share: authorized 100,000;
no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share: authorized 99,900,000 and 24,000,000 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively; issued and outstanding 18,751,244 and 17,797,652 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	188		178
Additional paid-in capital	206,385		205,235
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(5,124)		(5,387)
Accumulated deficit	(202,360)		(199,589)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(911)		437
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	24,827	$	25,102

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Revenues	$	9,746	$	10,341
Cost of revenues	7,009		7,523
Gross profit	2,737		2,818
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	3,400		3,407
Research and development	1,762		2,119
Severance and other charges	792		6
Total operating expenses	5,954		5,532
Loss from operations	(3,217)		(2,714)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(392)		(276)
Other income, net	416		118
Total other income (expense)	24		(158)
Loss before income taxes	(3,193)		(2,872)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(422)		157
Net loss	(2,771)		(3,029)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	263		(1,473)
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,508)	$	(4,502)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share:
Net loss	$	(0.15)	$	(0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding	18,235		14,156

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(2,771	)	$	(3,029	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	118			224
Stock-based compensation expense	413			180
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of liability-classified warrants	(796		)	529
Gain on foreign currency transactions	(391		)	(589		)
Other	44			(22		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,151		)	(1,617		)
Inventories	1,060			(27		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(161		)	(17		)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,753			658
Income taxes	5			723
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,877		)	(2,987		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(109		)	(131		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(109		)	(131		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net borrowings under demand line of credit	596			264
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	10			-
Net cash provided by financing activities	606			264
Effect of exchange rates on cash	18			(116		)
Net change in cash	(1,362		)	(2,970		)
Cash at beginning of period	2,958			7,220
Cash at end of period	$	1,596		$	4,250

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.Description of Business

Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (“CDTi” or the “Company”) currently commercializes its material technology by manufacturing and distributing light duty vehicle catalysts and heavy duty diesel emissions control systems and products to major automakers, distributors, integrators and retrofitters.

The Company is transitioning its business from being a niche manufacturer of emissions control solutions for the automotive and heavy duty diesel markets to becoming an advanced materials technology provider for these markets. The Company has a proven ability to develop proprietary materials incorporating various base metals that replace costly platinum group metals (“PGMs”) in coatings on vehicle catalytic converters. Recently, the Company has expanded its materials platform to include new synergized-PGM diesel oxidation catalysts (SPGMTM DOC), Base-Metal Activated Rhodium Support (BMARSTM), and Spinel™ technologies, and it is in the process of introducing these new catalyst technologies to OEMs and other vehicle catalyst manufacturers in a proprietary powder form. The Company believes that this powder-to-coat business model will allow it to achieve greater scale and higher return on its technology investment than in the past.

The Company’s business is driven by increasingly stringent global emission standards for internal combustion engines, which are major sources of a variety of harmful pollutants. It has operations in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Japan and Sweden as well as an Asian investment.

2.Liquidity and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company has suffered recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, resulting in an accumulated deficit of $202.4 million at March 31, 2016. The Company has funded its operations through asset sales, credit facilities and other borrowings and equity sales.

At March 31, 2016, the Company had $1.6 million in cash, and based upon the Company’s current and anticipated usage of cash resources, the Company will require additional financing in the form of funding from outside sources during the second or third quarter of 2016. The Company will evaluate the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain adequate additional financing, which the Company has successfully secured since inception, including financing from equity sales and asset divestitures. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve projected levels of revenue and maintain access to sufficient working capital, and accordingly, there is substantial doubt as to whether the Company’s existing cash resources and working capital are sufficient to enable it to continue its operations for the next twelve months. If the Company is unable to obtain the necessary capital, it will be forced to license or liquidate its assets, significantly curtail or cease its operations and/or seek reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

The Company has a $7.5 million secured demand financing facility backed by its receivables and inventory with Faunus Group International, Inc. (“FGI”) that terminates on August 15, 2016 and may be extended at the Company’s option for additional one-year terms. However, FGI can cancel the facility at any time. At March 31, 2016, the Company had $4.1 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility with $3.4 million available, subject to the availability of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances for collateral. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to borrow to the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of its receivables or inventory.

On May 15, 2012, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (the “Shelf Registration”), which permits the Company to sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of various securities. However, the Company may not sell its securities in a primary offering pursuant to the Shelf Registration or any other registration statement on Form S-3 with a value exceeding one-third of its public float in any 12-month period (unless the Company’s public float rises to $75.0 million or more). On May 19, 2015, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to replace the existing Shelf Registration (the “Replacement Shelf”), which was declared effective on November 17, 2015. The Replacement Shelf will permit the Company to sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of various securities, provided that the Company may not sell its securities in a primary offering pursuant to the Replacement Shelf or any other registration statement on Form S-3 with a value exceeding one-third of its public float in any 12-month period (unless the Company’s public float rises to $75.0 million or more).

4

On February 12, 2016, a special meeting of our stockholders was held, and at the meeting, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares. Further, on February 12, 2016, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) which increased the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares, ninety nine million nine hundred thousand (99.9 million) of which are designated as common stock and one hundred thousand (0.1 million) of which are designated as preferred stock. The additional authorized shares and Replacement Shelf registration statements are intended to provide the Company with additional flexibility to access capital markets for general corporate purposes, subject to market conditions and its capital needs.

On April 1, 2016, the Company executed a Promissory Note (the “Kanis Note”) and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements (the “Kanis Agreement”) with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend the Company $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, the Company and Kanis S.A. agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million (collectively, the “Loan Agreements”), such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) the Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. The Company may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

On April 11, 2016, the Company executed a Convertible Promissory Note (the “Director Note”) with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of the Company’s Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend the Company $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. The Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. The Company shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into its common stock concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event shall be defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

3.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a.Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should not necessarily be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations may include future costs for the Company’s liability to settle certain tax matters associated with Applied Utility Systems, Inc. (“AUS”), a former subsidiary of the Company. For additional information, refer to Note 14, “Discontinued Operations”.

All discussions and amounts in the consolidated financial statements and related notes for all periods presented relate to continuing operations only, unless otherwise noted.

5

b.Concentration of Risk

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, one automotive OEM customer within the Catalyst segment accounted for 57% and 59%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues. This customer accounted for 37% and 31% of the Company’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues or accounts receivable for these periods.

For the periods presented below, certain vendors accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s raw material purchases as follows:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
Vendor	Supplies	2016	2015
A	Substrates	36%	39%
B	Substrates	*	11%
* less than 10%

c.Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares include employee stock options and restricted share units and warrants and debt that are convertible into the Company’s common stock. Because the Company incurred net losses in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the effect of potentially dilutive securities has been excluded in the computation of net loss per share as their impact would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded were 5.8 million and 2.5 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

d.Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with a hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs which reflect market data obtained from independent sources and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

·Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

·Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable including quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

·Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

The Company records its liability-classified warrants at fair value in accordance with the fair value measurement framework. For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”. The valuation inputs hierarchy classification for the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Warrant liability	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2016	-	-	$	1,537
December 31, 2015	-	-	$	3,072

The following is a reconciliation of the warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,072	$	1,474
Issuance of common stock warrants	-			-
Exercise of common stock warrants	(739)			-
Remeasurement of common stock warrants	(796)			529
Balance at end of period	$	1,537	$	2,003

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e.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which the determination of fair value is practicable. The fair values of the Company’s cash, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate carrying values due to the short maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the line of credit approximates its carrying value due to the variable interest rates. The fair value of shareholder notes payable calculated using level 3 inputs, using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the debt’s conversion factor and a net present value model was $7.5 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

g.Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”. ASU No. 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB finalized the delay of the effective date by one year, making the new standard effective for interim periods and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but it is not permitted earlier than the original effective date. ASU No. 2014-09 provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. ASU No. 2014-15 defines management’s responsibility to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. It is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not elected to early adopt, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”. ASU No. 2015-11 changes the measurement principle for inventory from the “lower of cost or market” to “lower of cost and net realizable value.” Net realizable value is defined as the “estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.”  ASU No. 2015-11 eliminates the guidance that entities consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin in the subsequent measurement of inventory when cost is determined on a first-in, first-out or average cost basis. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined whether it will elect to early adopt ASU 2015-11, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. ASU No. 2016-09 will change how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Entities will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the statement of income when the awards vest or are settled, the guidance on employers’ accounting for an employee’s use of shares to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation and for forfeitures is changing and the update requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

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4.Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2016		2015
Raw materials	$	3,733	$	3,894
Work in process	873		844
Finished goods	2,723		3,180
	$	7,329	$	7,918

5.Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due to the effect of foreign currency translation.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2016		2015
Trade name	15 - 20	$	1,222	$	1,186
Patents and know-how	5 - 12	4,180		4,002
Customer relationships	4 - 8	765		724
		6,167		5,912
Less accumulated amortization		(4,296)		(4,011)
		$	1,871	$	1,901

The Company recorded amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets of $0.1 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31:
Remainder of 2016	$	341
2017	$	446
2018	$	163
2019	$	163
2020	$	163
2021	$	163

6.Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued salaries and benefits	$	1,284	$	1,332
Accrued severance and other charges (1)	1,565		1,092
Accrued warranty (2)	242		228
Warrant liability (3)	1,537		3,072
Liability for consigned precious metals	1,038		543
Other	1,595		1,587
	$	7,261	$	7,854

(1) For additional information, refer to Note 7, “Severance and Other Charges”.

(2) For additional information, refer to Note 8, “Accrued Warranty”.

(3) For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”.

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7.Severance and Other Charges

Severance and other charges consist of employee serverance expense, and the following summarizes the activity (in thousands):

	Total
December 31, 2015	$	1,092
Provision	792
Payments	(319		)
March 31, 2016	$	1,565

8.Accrued Warranty

The following summarizes the activity in the Company’s accrual for product warranty (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	228		$	373
Accrued warranty expense	61			125
Warranty claims paid	(47		)	(155		)
Balance at end of period	$	242		$	343

9.Debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Line of credit with FGI	$	4,109		$	3,513
$1.5 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	1,625			1,623
$3.0 million, 8% subordinated convertible shareholder notes due 2018 (1)	2,975			2,972
$3.0 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	2,968			2,964
	11,677			11,072
Less current portion	(4,109		)	(3,513		)
	$	7,568		$	7,559

______________________________

(1) The aggregate amount of unamortized debt discount was $0.1 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Refer to Note 2, “Liquidity and Going Concern”, regarding recent amendments to the shareholder notes.

Line of Credit with FGI

At March 31, 2016, the Company had $3.4 million of gross accounts receivable pledged to FGI as collateral for short-term debt in the amount of $2.6 million. At March 31, 2016, the Company also had $1.5 million in borrowings outstanding against eligible inventory. The Company was in compliance with the terms of the FGI Facility at March 31, 2016. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to borrow to the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of its receivables or inventory.

10.Stockholders’ Equity

Significant Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the increase in additional paid-in capital was attributable to (i) a $0.7 million reclassification of the fair value of warrants exercised and (ii) $0.4 million of stock-based compensation expense.

9

11.Warrants

Warrants outstanding and exercisable are summarized as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Exercise		Range of
	Shares(1)	Price		Exercise Prices
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	4,567,207	$	1.49	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercised	(953,592)	$	0.01	$0.01
Outstanding at March 31, 2016	3,613,615	$	1.89	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,986,222	$	2.04	$0.01 - $4.50

(1) Outstanding and exercisable information includes 170,676 equity-classified warrants.

Warrant Liability

The Company’s warrant liability is carried at fair value and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because the warrants are valued based on unobservable inputs.

The Company determines the fair value of its warrant liability using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model unless the warrants are subject to market conditions, in which case it uses a Monte Carlo simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved. These models are dependent on several variables, such as the warrant’s expected term, expected strike price, expected risk-free interest rate over the expected term of the instrument, expected dividend yield rate over the expected term and the expected volatility. The expected strike price for warrants with full-ratchet down-round price protection is based on a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during the term as a result of the full-ratchet down-round price protection.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability for these warrants outstanding are as follows:

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued April 2014
	Number of warrants	148,000		(1)	664,000		148,000		(1)	664,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	4.20	$	1.70		$	4.20
	Expected volatility	95.2%			98.0%		96.7%			94.4%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%			1.0%		1.6%			1.5%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	4.1			3.5		4.4			3.8
	(1)Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	388,393		388,393
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	1.70
	Expected volatility (1)	94.8%		96.6%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%		1.6%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	4.2		4.4

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		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued June 2015
	Number of warrants	320,000		(1)	180,000		320,000		(1)	180,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	2.65	$	1.70		$	2.65
	Expected volatility	102.0%			96.2%		110.3%			102.3%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%			1.2%		1.8%			1.7%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	5.3			4.7		5.5			4.9
	(1)Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
		Series A		Series B(1)		Series A		Series B(1)
Issued November 2015
	Number of warrants	771,000		732,546		771,000		1,686,138
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.72	$	0.94	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	0.01	$	1.70	$	0.01
	Expected volatility	94.2%		–		96.6%		–
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%		–		1.8%		–
	Dividend yield	–		–		–		–
	Expected life in years	5.2		–		5.5		–
	(1) Due to the $0.01 strike price, fair value equals CDTi stock price minus the strike price.

The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability for warrants outstanding with full-ratchet down-round protection are as follows:

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued July 2013
	Number of warrants	94,000		(1)	65,000		94,000		(1)	65,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22		$	1.22	$	1.22		$	1.22
	Expected volatility	92.5%			102.3%		95.5%			99.1%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%			0.8%		1.5%			1.2%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	3.6			2.3		3.9			2.5
	(1) In connection with a letter agreement, dated October 7, 2015, the Company agreed to amend the term of these warrants in order to extend the expiration date until November 11, 2019.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	80,000		80,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22	$	1.22
	Expected volatility (1)	92.5%		95.5%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%		1.5%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	3.6		3.9

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The warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, is re-measured at the end of each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in other expense, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Upon the exercise of a warrant that is classified as a liability, the fair value of the warrant exercised is re-measured on the exercise date and reclassified from warrant liability to additional paid-in capital. For additional information regarding the fair value of the warrant liability, amounts recognized in other income (expense) and amounts reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon exercise, refer to the warrant liability reconciliation in Note 3(d), “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Fair Value Measurements”.

12.Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. Management does not believe that any of these claims and proceedings against it is likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine the final amount, if any, of its liability beyond the amount accrued in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2016, nor is it possible to estimate what litigation-related costs will be in the future.

California Air Resources Board (“CARB”)

By email dated June 26, 2015, CARB asserted the Company had deficiencies in compliance with the Verification Procedure, Aftermarket Parts Regulations and the Vehicle Code. The initial penalty calculated by CARB for these alleged violations was $1.8 million, with the largest component relating to the use of empty center bodies to allow trucks to be placed back in service while warranty claims are being evaluated. This process is now explicitly permitted by regulation, but was not permitted at the time of the alleged violation. Although the Company disagreed, and continues to disagree, with CARB’s findings, the Company has cooperated with CARB’s investigation and is discussing with CARB whether and to what extent the payment of monetary penalties would be appropriate. After review and evaluation of CARB’s findings and publicly available CARB settlements for similar matters, the Company has accrued an expense of less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2015 for a proposed settlement provided to CARB to resolve this matter. During 2016, CARB responded to the Company’s proposed settlement with a counter-proposal of $0.8 million by cutting certain components of their initial penalty in half and reducing certain penalties. In April 2016, the Company responded to CARB with a counter offer that was less than $0.1 million. CARB then responded with a counter offer of approximately $0.2 million. The Company is currently evaluating CARB’s recent counter-proposal and other relevant information, and an additional accrual may be recorded upon the completion of the Company’s current evaluation later in 2016. In the event that a mutually satisfactory agreement cannot be reached, the Company plans to defend any formal action taken by CARB.

For information related to commitments and contingencies related to AUS, a former subsidiary of the Company that was sold in 2009, refer to Note 14, “Discontinued Operations”.

13.Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

The Company has two business division segments based on the products it delivers:

Catalyst division — The Catalyst division develops and produces catalysts to reduce emissions from gasoline, diesel and natural gas combustion engines. Most catalytic systems require significant amounts of costly PGMs to operate effectively. Using its proprietary mixed-phase catalyst, or MPC®, technology, the Catalyst division has developed a family of unique high-performance catalysts, featuring inexpensive base-metals with low or even no PGM content. It has recently developed a new generation of catalyst technologies, which the Company believes will enable further advances in catalyst performance and further reductions in PGM usage. Since 2001, the Catalyst division has supplied over twelve million catalyst parts to light duty vehicle OEM customers. The Catalyst division is also a supplier of products for the Company’s Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division. Intersegment revenues are based on market prices.

Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division — The Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division designs and manufactures exhaust emissions control solutions for a wide range of heavy duty diesel applications. It offers a full range of DuraFit™ OEM replacement diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), and products for the verified retrofit and non-retrofit OEM markets through its distribution/dealer network and direct sales. The Company believes that its Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division offers one of the industry’s most comprehensive portfolios of emissions control systems for use in engine retrofit programs that have been evaluated and verified as compliant with applicable state and federal regulations, as well as regulations imposed by several European countries. The Company has received certification from the Verification of Emission Reduction Technologies Association (VERT) for our Purifilter® exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diesel particulate filter system, which expands its retrofit market opportunities into South America and other international locations. Sales of emissions control systems by the Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division are driven by the regulation of diesel emissions, particularly in the State of California.

Corporate — Corporate includes cost for personnel, insurance and public company expenses such as legal, audit and taxes that are not allocated down to the operating divisions.

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Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenues
Catalyst	$	6,543		$	6,811
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	4,088			4,152
Eliminations (1)	(885		)	(622		)
Total	$	9,746		$	10,341
Loss from operations
Catalyst	$	(271	)	$	(558	)
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	(784		)	(378		)
Corporate	(2,117		)	(1,710		)
Eliminations (1)	(45		)	(68		)
Total	$	(3,217	)	$	(2,714	)
(1)Elimination of Catalyst revenue and profit in ending inventory related to sales to Heavy Duty Diesel Systems.

Net sales by geographic region based on the location of the Company’s point of sale is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	5,878	$	6,347
Canada	2,996		3,122
Europe	872		872
Total international	3,868		3,994
Total revenues	$	9,746	$	10,341

14.Discontinued Operations

Applied Utility Systems, Inc.

The Company is undergoing a sales and use tax audit by the State of California (the “State”) on AUS for the period of 2007 through 2009. The audit has identified a project performed by the Company during that time period for which sales tax was not collected and remitted and for which the State asserts that proper documentation of resale may not have been obtained and that the Company owes sales tax of $1.5 million, inclusive of interest. The Company contends and believes that it received sufficient and proper documentation from its customer to support not collecting and remitting sales tax from that customer and is actively disputing the audit report with the State. On August 12, 2013, the Company appeared at an appeals conference with the State Board of Equalization (“BOE”). On July 21, 2014, the Company received a Decision and Recommendation (“D&R”) from the BOE. The D&R’s conclusion was that the basis for the calculation of the aforementioned $1.5 million tax due should be reduced from $12.2 million to $9.0 million with a commensurate reduction in the tax owed to the State. Regardless of this finding, the Company continues to believe that it will prevail in this matter, as it believes that the State did not adequately address the legal arguments related to the Company’s acceptance of the valid resale certificate from its customer. The Company has not agreed to these findings, and therefore, it will be appealing at a higher level at the BOE. Based on a re-audit, the BOE lowered the tax due to $0.9 million, inclusive of interest. The Company continues to disagree with these findings based on the aforementioned reasons. However, in October 2015, the Company offered to settle this case for $0.1 million, which is based on the expected cost of continuing to contest this audit. Accordingly, an accrual was charged to discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2015 for the recent offer to settle this case, and this accrual is also recorded as a liability as of March 31, 2016. Should the Company not prevail with the recent offer to settle this case, it plans to continue with the appeals process. Further, should the Company not prevail in this case, it will pursue reimbursement from the customer for all assessments from the State.

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15.Subsequent Events

Promissory Note and Amendments to Loan Agreements

On April 1, 2016, the Company executed a Promissory Note and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend the Company $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, the Company and Kanis S.A. agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million, such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) the Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. The Company may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

Director Convertible Promissory Note

On April 11, 2016, the Company executed a Convertible Promissory Note with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of the Company’s Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend the Company $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. The Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. The Company shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into its common stock concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event shall be defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

14

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should also be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, the accuracy of which involves risks and uncertainties. Refer to the “Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, as a result of many important factors, including those set forth in Part I — Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

References to “Notes” are notes included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are transitioning our business from being a niche manufacturer of emissions control solutions for the automotive and heavy duty diesel markets to becoming an advanced materials technology provider for these markets. We have a proven ability to develop proprietary materials incorporating various base metals that replace costly platinum group metals (“PGM”) and rare earth metals in coatings on vehicle catalytic converters. Our business is driven by increasingly stringent global emission standards for internal combustion engines, which are major sources of a variety of harmful pollutants.

Over the past decade, we have developed several generations of high performance catalysts, including our low-PGM MPC® catalysts that are used on certain new Honda vehicles. Recently, we have expanded our materials platform to include new synergized-PGM diesel oxidation catalysts, or SPGM™ DOCs, base-metal activated rhodium support, or BMARS™, and Spinel™ technologies. Initial vehicle tests using these new technologies have demonstrated PGM savings of up to 97% compared to current OEM catalysts. We are in the process of introducing these new catalyst technologies to OEMs and other vehicle catalyst manufacturers. We do so both by supplying coated catalysts and by providing our technology in a proprietary powder form, which allows coaters to capture the benefits of our advanced catalyst technology in their own manufacturing operations.

We also supply heavy duty diesel emissions control systems and products incorporating our proprietary catalyst technologies to major automakers, distributors, integrators and retrofitters.

We have more than 15 years history of supplying catalysts to light duty vehicle OEMs and 35 years of experience in the heavy duty diesel systems market. During these periods, we have developed a substantial portfolio of patents and related proprietary rights and extensive technological know-how.

We organize our operations in two business divisions: Catalyst and Heavy Duty Diesel Systems.

Catalyst:    Utilizing our advanced materials technology platform, we develop and produce catalysts to reduce emissions from gasoline, diesel and natural gas combustion engines. Most catalytic systems require significant amounts of costly PGMs to operate effectively. Using our proprietary mixed-phase catalyst, or MPC®, technology, we have developed a family of unique high-performance catalysts, featuring inexpensive base-metals with low or even no PGM content. We have recently developed a new generation of catalyst technologies, which we believe will enable further advances in catalyst performance and further reductions in PGM usage. Since 2001, we have supplied over twelve million catalyst parts to light duty vehicle OEM customers. Our Catalyst division is also a supplier of products for our Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division. Revenues from our Catalyst division accounted for 58% and 60% of the total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Heavy Duty Diesel Systems:   We specialize in the design and manufacture of exhaust emissions control solutions for a wide range of heavy duty diesel applications. We offer a full range of DuraFit™ OEM replacement diesel particulate filters, or DPFs, and diesel oxidation catalysts, or DOCs, and products for the verified retrofit and non-retrofit OEM markets through our distribution/dealer network and direct sales. We believe we offer one of the industry’s most comprehensive portfolios of emissions control systems for use in engine retrofit programs that have been evaluated and verified as compliant with applicable state and federal regulations, as well as regulations imposed by several European countries. We have received certification from the Verification of Emission Reduction Technologies Association (VERT) for our Purifilter® exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diesel particulate filter system, which expands our retrofit market opportunities into South America and other international locations. Sales of emissions control systems by our Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division are driven by the regulation of diesel emissions, particularly in the State of California. Revenues from our Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division accounted for 42% and 40% of the total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

15

Strategy

We are in the process of transitioning from being a niche manufacturer of emissions control solutions for the automotive and heavy duty diesel markets to becoming an advanced materials technology provider of proprietary powders for these markets. We believe that the transition to a powder-to-coat (P2C™) business model will allow us to achieve greater scale and higher return on our technology investment than in the past. In the short term, we expect to focus our efforts and resources in pursuing opportunities in fast growing markets in China, India and North America that we believe can be served profitably with our powder-to-coat business model.

In support of this strategy, we have filed approximately 215 patents that underpin next-generation technology for our advanced zero-PGM and low-PGM catalysts, and during 2015 and early 2016, we completed an initial series of vehicle tests to validate our next-generation technologies. Based on the success of these tests, we are beginning to make our new catalyst technologies available to OEMs and other catalytic coaters for use in proprietary powder form, and we foresee multiple paths to market our new technologies.

In 2014, we were awarded two significant patents for our new Spinel™ technology, a proprietary clean emissions exhaust platform aimed at improved catalytic performance, which we believe will dramatically reduce the cost of compliance with more stringent clean-air requirements. This is becoming increasingly relevant as new standards, such as the EPA’s Tier 3, become effective and are expected to require increased loadings of PGMs to achieve compliance with conventional catalyst formulation technology.

Recent Developments

Promissory Note and Amendments to Loan Agreements

On April 1, 2016, we executed a Promissory Note (the “Kanis Note”) and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements (the “Kanis Agreement”) with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend us $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, we agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million (collectively, the “Loan Agreements”), such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into CDTI common stock at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) we shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. We may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

Director Convertible Promissory Note

On April 11, 2016, we executed a Convertible Promissory Note (the “Director Note”) with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of our Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend us $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of CDTI at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. We shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. We shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures in the financial statements. Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that may be material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and that have a material impact on financial condition or operating performance. While we base our estimates and judgments on our experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

16

We believe that the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in the accounting for revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, product warranty reserves, accounting for income taxes, goodwill, impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill, stock-based compensation and liability-classified warrants have the greatest potential impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Refer to Note 3(g), “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements”.

Factors Affecting Future Results

Advanced Materials Strategy

Our strategy is to transition from being a niche manufacturer of emissions control solutions for the automotive and heavy duty diesel OEM, retrofit and replacement markets to becoming an advanced materials technology provider of proprietary powders for these markets. We believe that the transition to a powder-to-coat business model will allow us to achieve greater scale and higher return on our technology investment than in the past. In support of this strategy, we have filed a significant number of patents that underpin next-generation technology for our advanced low-PGM catalysts, and we have recently completed an initial series of vehicle tests to validate our next-generation technologies. It is our intention to invest in developing and commercializing these catalyst technologies. As a consequence, we anticipate that we will continue to expand our intellectual property portfolio with additional patents in 2016 and beyond. In addition, we will invest in other development and marketing activities, including hiring of personnel and incurring costs for outside testing and consulting.

DuraFit™

In the third quarter of 2014, we introduced CDTi’s DuraFit™ OEM replacement DPFs to provide an alternative to OEM manufactured parts. According to market analysis firm Power System Research, manufacturers in North America have produced an average of 250,000 heavy duty on-road diesel vehicles equipped with DPFs each year since 2007 to comply with EPA requirements. The typical OEM warranty on DPFs is 5 years and has now expired for many vehicles that entered service between 2007 and 2011. The total population of vehicles with out of warranty DPFs is growing rapidly creating a significant market opportunity as those DPFs fails and require replacement.  According to a 2012 industry report, the market for medium and heavy duty vehicle after-treatment maintenance and repair is projected to grow from $0.5 billion in 2010 to $3.0 billion by 2017.

Announcements regarding our progress with the launch of DuraFit™ include:

·The New York Department of Sanitation, or DSNY, became the first major fleet customer for our DuraFit™ OEM replacement DPFs. The DSNY operates the largest municipal-owned sanitation fleet in the world consisting of approximately 3,000 vehicles including refuse collection trucks and mechanical street sweepers.

·We signed a National Distribution Agreement, pursuant to which DuraFit™ will be sold under a private label to hundreds of retailers in the North American aftermarket.

·We signed a multi-year contract with PACCAR Parts to distribute DuraFit™ to its North American network of more than 670 Peterbilt and Kenworth dealerships. Shipments to PACCAR Parts are expected to commence this year.

·We opened four new distribution centers in the U.S., further strengthening our best-in-class service model and enabling us to more efficiently meet order fulfillment and the technical support and service needs of our end customers.

·We announced DuraFit™ diesel oxidation catalyst for the heavy duty aftermarket. Leveraging our SPGM™ technology, this OEM quality DOC transforms exhaust stream pollutants into less harmful compounds, enhances DPF performance and reduces the need for costly PGMs.

·We partnered with Hino Motors, Ltd. to distribute DuraFit™ DPFs and DOCs to its North American network of more than 300 dealerships. Shipments to Hino commenced during the first quarter of 2016.

Sales of CDTi’s DuraFitTM OEM replacement parts increased significantly during 2015 and are expected to grow substantially in 2016 and beyond.

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Customer Dependency and Relationship with Honda

Historically, we have derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Sales to Honda represented 57% of our revenues for both the three months ended March 31, 2016 and for the year ended December 31, 2015. However, based on discussions with Honda, and acceleration of our powder-to-coat strategy, we anticipate that our supply of coated catalysts to Honda will begin to significantly decline in the second half of 2017, as certain current vehicle models are phased out. Accordingly, it will be critical that our advanced materials business strategy produces revenue with new customers, which may include Honda, directly or indirectly, to replace those from our current core catalyst business.

In conjunction with our longstanding relationship with Honda, we entered into a joint research agreement with the motorcycle division of Honda regarding the development of ZPGM™ catalysts for motorcycles. The agreement was signed in 2010, extended in 2012 and expired in March 2014, although confidentiality provisions continue to survive. The agreement provides that technology within the scope of the agreement developed solely by one party is owned by that party, and that technology within the scope of the agreement that is jointly developed by both parties is jointly owned. While we believe that core technology within the scope of the agreement was developed solely by us, there can be no assurance that our belief will not be challenged or invalidated. To the extent that Honda is a joint owner of critical technology developed under the agreement, Honda (including its automotive division) might not be required to pay us a license or royalty fee for use of the jointly owned technology; Honda may be able to manufacture its own catalysts based on the jointly owned technology; and Honda may be able to license the jointly owned technology to others without our consent. In addition, under the terms of the agreement, we may not be able to license jointly owned technology to others without Honda’s consent. Our inability to license jointly owned technology to others could adversely affect the ability to license certain technology.

Government Funding and Standards

The nature of our business is heavily influenced by government funding of emissions control projects and increased emission control regulations and mandates. Compliance with these regulatory initiatives drives demand for our products and the timing of the implementation of emission reduction projects. We believe that, due to the constant focus on the environment and clean air standards throughout the world, it can be expected that new and more stringent regulations, both domestically and abroad, will continually be adopted, requiring the ongoing development of new products that meet these standards. However, the availability of funding to incentivize the adoption of emission reduction programs is often one-off, which means that such funding does not generally result in a regular source of recurring revenues for us.

Macroeconomic Factors Impacting the Automotive Industry

Since the customers of our Catalyst division are primarily OEM auto makers, this division is generally affected by macroeconomic factors impacting the automotive industry. Demand for our products is tied directly to the demand for vehicles. Accordingly, factors that affect the truck and automobile markets have a direct effect on our business, including factors outside of our control, such as vehicle sales slowdowns due to economic concerns, or as a result of natural disasters, including earthquakes and/or tsunamis.

In addition, our business, operations, results of operation and financial condition may be affected by other factors, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.

Results of Operations

The tables in the discussion that follow are based upon the way we analyze our business. For additional information regarding our business divisions, refer to Note 13, “Segment Reporting and Geographic Information”.

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Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 to Three Months Ended March 31, 2015

Revenues

	Three Months Ended March 31,
			% of			% of
			Total			Total	Change
	2016		Revenues	2015		Revenues	$		%
	($ in thousands)
Catalyst	$	6,543	67%	$	6,811	66%	$	(268)	(4)%
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	4,088		42%	4,152		40%	(64)		(2)%
Intercompany revenues	(885)		(9)%	(622)		(6)%	(263)		(42)%
Total revenues	$	9,746	100%	$	10,341	100%	$	(595)	(6)%

Excluding intercompany revenues, Catalyst division revenue decreased due to reduced production of certain niche models for our Japanese OEM customer, partially offset by an increase in volume for our main production model. The first quarter of 2015 also included a ramp in volume for the new model that we started production in January of 2015, that we announced in March of 2015.

Revenues for the Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division remained fairly consistent for the periods with DuraFit sales increasing $0.2 million with the balance of sales in the division, including retrofit decreasing by $0.3 million.

We eliminate intercompany revenues from the Catalyst division to our Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division in consolidation.

Gross profit

	Three Months Ended March 31,
				% of			% of	Percentage point change
	2016			Revenues (1)	2015		Revenues (1)	in gross profit margin
	($ in thousands)
Catalyst	$	1,783	27%		$	1,746	26%	1%
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	999		24%		1,138		27%	(3)%
Intercompany eliminations	(45)		–		(66)		–	–
Total gross profit	$	2,737	28%		$	2,818	27%	1%
(1)  Division calculations based on division revenues. Total based on total revenues.

The gross margin for our Catalyst division remained fairly consistent.

The gross margin for our Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division decreased primarily due to certain costs associated with shutting down our Canadian facility and transitioning the manufacturing from that facility to an outside party.

Operating expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
			% of			% of
			Total			Total	Change
	2016		Revenues	2015		Revenues	$		%
	($ in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative	$	3,400	35%	$	3,407	33%	$	(7)	0%
Research and development	1,762		18%	2,119		20%	(357)		(17)%
Severance and other charges	792		8%	6		0%	786		13100%
Total operating expenses	$	5,954	61%	$	5,532	53%	$	422	8%

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Expense was relatively unchanged compared to the prior period last year.  Payroll for the sales organization was increased with key hires that were made in the second half of 2015 to grow DuraFit™ and our advanced materials strategy, offset by decreases in payroll in the general and administrative area as result of the closure of our Markham facility and changes made at our Corporate office. There was also in increase in stock compensation as a result of awards made in 2015.

Research and development expenses

The decrease is primarily a result of reduced outside testing of our advanced materials, as the fundatmental research of our new key materials, such as SPGM-DOC™, BMARS™ and Spinel™, have largely transitoned out of the fundamental research into applications development for specific market opportunities.

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Severance and other charges

The increase was due to the recent closure of our Canadian facility.

Other income (expense)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
					Change
	2016		2015		$		%
	($ in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(392)	$	(276)	$	(116)	(42)%
Other income, net	416		118		298		(253)%
Total other income (expense)	$	24	$	(158)	$	182	115%

The increase in total other income (expense) was primarily due warrant liability re-measurements, partially offset by foreign currency exchange losses. Further, interest expense increased due primarily to an increase in our line of credit balance.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We incurred income tax benefit of $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. The effective income tax rates were 13.2% and (5.5)% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For interim income tax reporting, we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year-to-date pre-tax loss. Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year-to-date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the annualized effective tax rate. The difference between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate is primarily related to the valuation allowance offsetting the deferred tax assets in both the U.S. and United Kingdom jurisdictions as well as to a foreign tax rate differential related to Sweden and Canada.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, the revenue that we have generated has not been sufficient to fund our operating requirements and debt servicing needs. Notably, we have suffered recurring losses since inception. As of March 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $202.4 million compared to $199.6 million at December 31, 2015. We have also had negative cash flows from operations from inception. Our primary sources of liquidity in recent years have been asset sales, credit facilities and other borrowings and equity sales.

We had $1.6 million in cash at March 31, 2016 compared to $3.0 million at December 31, 2015. At March 31, 2016, $0.9 million of our cash was held by foreign subsidiaries in Canada, Sweden and the United Kingdom. We do not intend to repatriate any amount of this cash to the United States as it will be used to fund our subsidiaries’ operations. If we decide to repatriate unremitted foreign earnings in the future, it could have negative tax implications.

We have a $7.5 million secured demand financing facility backed by our receivables and inventory with Faunus Group International, Inc., or FGI, that terminates on August 15, 2016 and may be extended at our option for additional one-year terms. However, FGI can cancel the facility at any time. For details regarding the FGI facility, refer to the “—Description of Indebtedness” discussion below. At March 31, 2016, we had $4.1 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility with $3.4 million available, subject to the availability of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances for collateral. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to borrow to the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of our receivables or inventory.

On May 15, 2012, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, or the Shelf Registration, which permits us to sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of various securities. However, we may not sell our securities in a primary offering pursuant to the Shelf Registration or any other registration statement on Form S-3 with a value exceeding one-third of our public float in any 12-month period (unless our public float rises to $75.0 million or more). On May 19, 2015, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to replace the existing Shelf Registration, or the Replacement Shelf, which was declared effective on November 17, 2015. Shelf registration statements are intended to provide us with additional flexibility to access capital markets for general corporate purposes, subject to market conditions and our capital needs.

On February 12, 2016, a special meeting of our stockholders was held, and at the meeting, our stockholders voted to approve an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares. Further, on February 12, 2016, we filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation which increased the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares, ninety nine million nine hundred thousand (99.9 million) of which are designated as common stock and one hundred thousand (0.1 million) of which are designated as preferred stock. The additional authorized shares and Replacement Shelf registration statements are intended to provide us with additional flexibility to access capital markets for general corporate purposes, subject to market conditions and our capital needs.

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On April 1, 2016, we executed a Promissory Note and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend us $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, we agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million, such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into CDTI common stock at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) we shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. We may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

On April 11, 2016, we executed a Convertible Promissory Note with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of our Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend us $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of CDTI at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. We shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. We shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into the common stock of CDTI concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

We continue to pursue development of our DuraFitTM product line and its distribution channels, as well as developing sales opportunities in developing countries like India and China for our catalyst technology. Opportunities such as these require cash investment in operating expenses and working capital such as inventory and receivables prior to realizing profits and cash from sales. Additionally, as previously discussed, we intend to pursue aggressive development of our materials science platform which will require cash investment.

Based on our current cash levels and our current and anticipated usage of cash resources, we will require additional financing in the form of funding from outside sources during the second or third quarter of 2016. We will evaluate the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. Our continuation as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain adequate additional financing, including financing from equity sales and asset divestitures. Presently, we are not in compliance with continued listing requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ), as discussed in Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors of this quarterly report, and our common stock is at risk of being delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market. If our common stock is delisted, and during the period in which our common stock is at risk of being delisted, it will be more difficult for us to raise equity financing. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing or achieve projected levels of revenue and maintain access to sufficient working capital, and accordingly, there is substantial doubt as to whether our existing cash resources and working capital are sufficient to enable us to continue our operations for the next twelve months. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital, we will be forced to license or liquidate our assets, significantly curtail or cease our operations and/or seek reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
							Change
	2016			2015			$		%
	($ in thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(1,877	)	$	(2,987	)	$	1,110	37	%
Investing activities	$	(109	)	$	(131	)	$	22	(17	)%
Financing activities	$	606		$	264		$	342	130	%

Cash used in operating activities

Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers following the sale of our products and services. Our primary uses of cash for operating activities are for purchasing inventory in support of the products that we sell, personnel related expenditures, facilities costs and payments for general operating matters. Cash flows were largely impacted by the loss from operations, adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, change in fair value of the liability-classified warrants, and foreign currency gains. The cash flows of the current year period were also impacted by the timing of vendor payments, sales and collections, and other working capital changes.

Cash provided by financing activities

The increase in cash provided by financing activities was due to additional borrowings under our line of credit.

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Description of Indebtedness

	March 31,		December 31,
	2016		2015
	($ in thousands)
Line of credit with FGI	$	4,109	$	3,513
$1.5 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018	1,625		1,623
$3.0 million, 8% subordinated convertible shareholder notes due 2018	2,975		2,972
$3.0 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018	2,968		2,964
	$	11,677	$	11,072

We have a $7.5 million secured demand facility with FGI backed by our receivables and inventory. The FGI facility expires on August 15, 2016 and may be extended at our option for additional one-year terms. However, FGI can cancel the facility at any time.

Under the FGI facility, FGI can elect to purchase eligible accounts receivables from us and certain of our subsidiaries at up to 80% of the value of such receivables (retaining a 20% reserve). At FGI’s election, FGI may advance us up to 80% of the value of any purchased accounts receivable, subject to the $7.5 million limit. Reserves retained by FGI on any purchased receivable are expected to be refunded to us net of interest and fees on advances once the receivables are collected from customers. We may also borrow against eligible inventory up to the inventory sublimit as determined by FGI subject to the aggregate $7.5 million limit under the FGI facility and certain other conditions. At March 31, 2016, the inventory sublimit was the lesser of $1.5 million or 50% of the aggregate purchase price paid for accounts receivable purchased under the FGI facility. While the overall credit limit and inventory sublimit were not changed, borrowing against Honda inventory has been limited to $0.2 million by FGI due to their concerns about customer concentration.

The interest rate on advances or borrowings under the FGI facility is the greater of (i) 6.50% per annum and (ii) 2.50% per annum above the prime rate, as defined in the FGI facility, and was 6.50% at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

We were in compliance with the terms of the FGI facility at March 31, 2016. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to borrow the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of our receivables or inventory.

For additional information on our indebtedness, refer to Note 9, “Debt”.

Capital Expenditures

As of March 31, 2016, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures and no material commitments are anticipated in the near future.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Commitments and Contingencies

As of March 31, 2016, other than office leases, employment agreements with key executive officers and the obligation to fund our portion (5%) of the losses of our Asian investment, we had no material commitments other than the liabilities reflected in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For additional information, refer to Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies”.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded, because of the un-remediated material weakness described below, that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, at the reasonable assurance level, as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

However, giving full consideration to the material weakness, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Material Weakness Related to Inventory Costing and Capitalization of Manufacturing Variances

During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2015, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer identified a material weakness related to our inventory costing and the capitalization of certain manufacturing variances at our former Canadian manufacturing facility that we closed earlier this year. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected in a timely basis. This control deficiency resulted in the reasonable possibility that a material misstatement in the valuation of inventory would not be prevented or detected in a timely basis. This material weakness was identified and any resulting errors corrected prior to the completion of our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Remediation Plan

We have initiated a plan to enhance our control procedures over the accounting for inventory costing and capitalization of manufacturing variances. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company ceased to manufacture at the Canadian manufacturing facility and outsourced the manufacturing previously done at this location. As the material weakness related to the valuation of inventory at the Company’s Canadian manufacturing facility, management anticipates that the closure of such facility and outsourcing of the manufacturing activities will eliminate the manufacturing labor and overhead variance component of the capitalization contributing towards the remediation of the material weakness in internal controls related to the inventory costing and the capitalization of certain manufacturing variances at the former Canadian manufacturing facility. Additionally, management’s plans to remediate this material weakness include:

·Add additional resources with expertise in inventory cost accounting;

·Redesign controls to ensure proper inventory costing and the capitalization of certain manufacturing variances;

In addition to the changes described above, management will continue to evaluate and enhance the complement of its resources in 2016, as needed, to address the material weakness identified above.

We will not consider the material weakness remediated until our controls are operational for a sufficient period of time, tested, and management concludes that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 12 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties. Other actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in the risk factors relating to our business and common stock contained in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. There have been no material changes to such risk factors during the three months ended March 31, 2016, except as follows:

We could be delisted from NASDAQ, which could seriously harm the liquidity of our stock and our ability to raise capital.

On February 12, 2016, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the last 30 consecutive business days, we no longer meet the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share, as set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have been provided a period of 180 calendar days, or until August 10, 2016, in which to regain compliance. In order to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during this 180-day period. In the event we do not regain compliance within this 180-day period, we may be eligible to seek an additional compliance period of 180 calendar days if we meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the NASDAQ Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, if we provide written notice to NASDAQ of our intent to cure the deficiency during this second compliance period, which may include, if necessary, implementing a reverse stock split. However, if it appears to the NASDAQ Staff that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are then otherwise not eligible, NASDAQ will provide us notice that our common stock will be subject to delisting. In an effort to cure the closing bid price deficiency, our Board of Directors has approved a one-for-five reverse stock split of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock, and will seek stockholder approval of the reverse stock split at our annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 25, 2016.

On April 1, 2016, we received a second letter from the Listing Qualifications staff of NASDAQ indicating that, based upon our stockholders’ equity as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, we no longer meet the requirement to maintain a minimum stockholders’ equity of $2,500,000, as set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), and that we did not meet the other alternative tests of market value of listed securities or net income from continued operations under Listing Rule 5550(b). The second notification letter provided us with 45 calendar days from the date of the letter, or until May 16, 2016, to submit to NASDAQ a plan to regain compliance with the stockholders’ equity continued listing standard. We have submitted a compliance plan to NASDAQ and, if it is accepted, NASDAQ may grant us up to 180 calendar days from the date of the April 1, 2016 notification letter to regain compliance with the applicable listing standards. There can be no assurance, however, that our compliance plan will be accepted by NASDAQ or, if accepted, that we will be able to regain compliance within the period granted by NASDAQ. As with the minimum bid price requirement, if it appears to the NASDAQ Staff that we will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if we are then otherwise not eligible, NASDAQ will provide us notice that our common stock will be subject to delisting. We would then be entitled to appeal the NASDAQ staff’s determination to a NASDAQ Listing Qualifications Panel and request a hearing.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or stockholders’ equity requirement, or be able to maintain compliance with the other listing requirements, or that we will be eligible for listing on any comparable trading market. The effects of losing the NASDAQ listing could materially harm our ability to raise additional capital, by, among other things, negatively affecting the market liquidity of our common stock. Investors would likely find it more difficult to purchase, dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock, and the per share price of our common stock may be adversely affected. Delisting from NASDAQ could also result in negative publicity and a loss of confidence by investors, customers, suppliers or employees.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

None.

Item 6.  Exhibits

Refer to the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Date: May 13, 2016	By:	/s/ Matthew Beale
		Matthew Beale
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 13, 2016	By:	/s/ David E. Shea
		David E. Shea
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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Exhibit Index

Exhibit No.	Description of Exhibit
2.1	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 20, 2014, between Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc., ECS Holdings, Inc., Engine Control Systems Ltd., and SES USA Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on October 21, 2014).
3.1	Composite Certificate of Incorporation of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on March 30, 2016).
3.2	By-Laws of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. as amended through November 6, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on November 10, 2008).
4.1	Specimen of Certificate for Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-4 on Form S-3 (SEC file number 333-166865) filed on November 10, 2010).
4.2	Form of Investor Warrant issued on July 3, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on July 3, 2013).
4.3	Form of Investor Warrant issued on April 4, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on April 1, 2014).
4.4	Form of Investor Series A Warrant issued on November 7, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on November 4, 2014).
4.5	Form of Investor Warrant issued on June 8, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on June 3, 2015).
4.6	Form of Investor Warrant issued on November 27, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on November 23, 2015).
10.1†	Addendum to Employment Agreement, dated March 29, 2016, between Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and Matthew Beale (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on March 30, 2016).
10.2†	Addendum to Employment Agreement, dated March 29, 2016, between Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and Stephen J. Golden, Ph.D. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on March 30, 2016).
10.3†	Addendum to Employment Agreement, dated March 29, 2016, between Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and Hans Eric Bippus (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on March 30, 2016).
10.4†	Addendum to Employment Agreement, dated March 29, 2016, between Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and David E. Shea (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to CDTi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on March 30, 2016).
10.5	Promissory Note, dated April 1, 2016, by the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on April 7, 2016).
10.6	Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated April 1, 2016, by and between the Company and Kanis S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on April 7, 2016).
10.7	Convertible Promissory Note, dated April 11, 2016, by the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to CDTi’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC file number 001-33710) filed on April 15, 2016).
31.1*	Certification of Matthew Beale pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of David E. Shea pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*	Filed herewith
**	Furnished herewith
†	Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

26

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Matthew Beale, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “report”) of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 13, 2016	By:	/s/ Matthew Beale
		Matthew Beale
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, David E. Shea, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “report”) of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 13, 2016	By:	/s/ David E. Shea
		David E. Shea
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

Certifications Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,

18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, in their capacities as officers of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (the “Registrant”), do each hereby certify, that, to the best of such officer’s knowledge:

(1)The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the period ended March 31, 2016 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/  Matthew Beale

Matthew Beale

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

May 13, 2016

/s/  David E. Shea

David E. Shea

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

May 13, 2016

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and is not being “filed” as part of the Form 10-Q or as a separate disclosure document for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to liability under that section. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act except to the extent that this Exhibit 32 is expressly and specifically incorporated by reference in any such filing.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Registrant and will be retained by the Registrant and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	May. 06, 2016
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES INC
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000949428
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		19,483,790

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash	$ 1,596	$ 2,958
Accounts receivable, net	5,469	4,255
Inventories	7,329	7,918
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,790	1,568
Total current assets	16,184	16,699
Property and equipment, net	1,624	1,538
Intangible assets, net	1,871	1,901
Goodwill	4,825	4,659
Other assets	323	305
Total assets	24,827	25,102
Current liabilities:
Line of credit	4,109	3,513
Accounts payable	5,988	5,012
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,261	7,854
Income taxes payable	600	534
Total current liabilities	17,958	16,913
Shareholder notes payable	7,568	7,559
Deferred tax liability	212	193
Total liabilities	$ 25,738	$ 24,665
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share: authorized 100,000; no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share: authorized 99,900,000 and 24,000,000 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively; issued and outstanding 18,751,244 and 17,797,652 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively	$ 188	$ 178
Additional paid-in capital	206,385	205,235
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(5,124)	(5,387)
Accumulated deficit	(202,360)	(199,589)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	(911)	437
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$ 24,827	$ 25,102

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	100,000	100,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	99,900,000	24,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	18,751,244	17,797,652
Common stock, shares outstanding	18,751,244	17,797,652

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Revenues	$ 9,746	$ 10,341
Cost of revenues	7,009	7,523
Gross profit	2,737	2,818
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	3,400	3,407
Research and development	1,762	2,119
Severance and other charges	792	6
Total operating expenses	5,954	5,532
Loss from operations	(3,217)	(2,714)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(392)	(276)
Other income, net	416	118
Total other income (expense)	24	(158)
Loss before income taxes	(3,193)	(2,872)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(422)	157
Net loss	(2,771)	(3,029)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	263	(1,473)
Comprehensive loss	$ (2,508)	$ (4,502)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share:
Net loss (in dollars per share)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.21)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	18,235	14,156

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (2,771)	$ (3,029)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	118	224
Stock-based compensation expense	413	180
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of liability-classified warrants	(796)	529
Gain on foreign currency transactions	(391)	(589)
Other	44	(22)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,151)	(1,617)
Inventories	1,060	(27)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(161)	(17)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,753	658
Income taxes	5	723
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,877)	(2,987)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(109)	(131)
Net cash used in investing activities	(109)	(131)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net borrowings under demand line of credit	596	264
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	10
Net cash provided by financing activities	606	264
Effect of exchange rates on cash	18	(116)
Net change in cash	(1,362)	(2,970)
Cash at beginning of period	2,958	7,220
Cash at end of period	$ 1,596	$ 4,250

XML

Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Description of Business

Description of Business

1.Description of Business

Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (“CDTi” or the “Company”) currently commercializes its material technology by manufacturing and distributing light duty vehicle catalysts and heavy duty diesel emissions control systems and products to major automakers, distributors, integrators and retrofitters.

The Company is transitioning its business from being a niche manufacturer of emissions control solutions for the automotive and heavy duty diesel markets to becoming an advanced materials technology provider for these markets. The Company has a proven ability to develop proprietary materials incorporating various base metals that replace costly platinum group metals (“PGMs”) in coatings on vehicle catalytic converters. Recently, the Company has expanded its materials platform to include new synergized-PGM diesel oxidation catalysts (SPGMTM DOC), Base-Metal Activated Rhodium Support (BMARSTM), and Spinel™ technologies, and it is in the process of introducing these new catalyst technologies to OEMs and other vehicle catalyst manufacturers in a proprietary powder form. The Company believes that this powder-to-coat business model will allow it to achieve greater scale and higher return on its technology investment than in the past.

The Company’s business is driven by increasingly stringent global emission standards for internal combustion engines, which are major sources of a variety of harmful pollutants. It has operations in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Japan and Sweden as well as an Asian investment.

XML

Liquidity and Going Concern

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Liquidity and Going Concern

Liquidity and Going Concern

2.Liquidity and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company has suffered recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, resulting in an accumulated deficit of $202.4 million at March 31, 2016. The Company has funded its operations through asset sales, credit facilities and other borrowings and equity sales.

At March 31, 2016, the Company had $1.6 million in cash, and based upon the Company’s current and anticipated usage of cash resources, the Company will require additional financing in the form of funding from outside sources during the second or third quarter of 2016. The Company will evaluate the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain adequate additional financing, which the Company has successfully secured since inception, including financing from equity sales and asset divestitures. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve projected levels of revenue and maintain access to sufficient working capital, and accordingly, there is substantial doubt as to whether the Company’s existing cash resources and working capital are sufficient to enable it to continue its operations for the next twelve months. If the Company is unable to obtain the necessary capital, it will be forced to license or liquidate its assets, significantly curtail or cease its operations and/or seek reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

The Company has a $7.5 million secured demand financing facility backed by its receivables and inventory with Faunus Group International, Inc. (“FGI”) that terminates on August 15, 2016 and may be extended at the Company’s option for additional one-year terms. However, FGI can cancel the facility at any time. At March 31, 2016, the Company had $4.1 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility with $3.4 million available, subject to the availability of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances for collateral. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to borrow to the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of its receivables or inventory.

On May 15, 2012, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (the “Shelf Registration”), which permits the Company to sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of various securities. However, the Company may not sell its securities in a primary offering pursuant to the Shelf Registration or any other registration statement on Form S-3 with a value exceeding one-third of its public float in any 12-month period (unless the Company’s public float rises to $75.0 million or more). On May 19, 2015, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to replace the existing Shelf Registration (the “Replacement Shelf”), which was declared effective on November 17, 2015. The Replacement Shelf will permit the Company to sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of various securities, provided that the Company may not sell its securities in a primary offering pursuant to the Replacement Shelf or any other registration statement on Form S-3 with a value exceeding one-third of its public float in any 12-month period (unless the Company’s public float rises to $75.0 million or more).

On February 12, 2016, a special meeting of our stockholders was held, and at the meeting, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares. Further, on February 12, 2016, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) which increased the number of authorized shares from 24.1 million shares to 100.0 million shares, ninety nine million nine hundred thousand (99.9 million) of which are designated as common stock and one hundred thousand (0.1 million) of which are designated as preferred stock. The additional authorized shares and Replacement Shelf registration statements are intended to provide the Company with additional flexibility to access capital markets for general corporate purposes, subject to market conditions and its capital needs.

On April 1, 2016, the Company executed a Promissory Note (the “Kanis Note”) and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements (the “Kanis Agreement”) with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend the Company $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, the Company and Kanis S.A. agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million (collectively, the “Loan Agreements”), such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) the Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. The Company may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

On April 11, 2016, the Company executed a Convertible Promissory Note (the “Director Note”) with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of the Company’s Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend the Company $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. The Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. The Company shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into its common stock concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event shall be defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

3.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a.Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should not necessarily be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations may include future costs for the Company’s liability to settle certain tax matters associated with Applied Utility Systems, Inc. (“AUS”), a former subsidiary of the Company. For additional information, refer to Note 14, “Discontinued Operations”.

All discussions and amounts in the consolidated financial statements and related notes for all periods presented relate to continuing operations only, unless otherwise noted.

b.Concentration of Risk

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, one automotive OEM customer within the Catalyst segment accounted for 57% and 59%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues. This customer accounted for 37% and 31% of the Company’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues or accounts receivable for these periods.

For the periods presented below, certain vendors accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s raw material purchases as follows:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
Vendor	Supplies	2016	2015
A	Substrates	36%	39%
B	Substrates	*	11%
* less than 10%

c.Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares include employee stock options and restricted share units and warrants and debt that are convertible into the Company’s common stock. Because the Company incurred net losses in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the effect of potentially dilutive securities has been excluded in the computation of net loss per share as their impact would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded were 5.8 million and 2.5 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

d.Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with a hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs which reflect market data obtained from independent sources and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

· Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

· Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable including quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

· Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

The Company records its liability-classified warrants at fair value in accordance with the fair value measurement framework. For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”. The valuation inputs hierarchy classification for the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Warrant liability	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2016	-	-	$	1,537
December 31, 2015	-	-	$	3,072

The following is a reconciliation of the warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,072	$	1,474
Issuance of common stock warrants	-			-
Exercise of common stock warrants	(739)			-
Remeasurement of common stock warrants	(796)			529
Balance at end of period	$	1,537	$	2,003

e.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which the determination of fair value is practicable. The fair values of the Company’s cash, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate carrying values due to the short maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the line of credit approximates its carrying value due to the variable interest rates. The fair value of shareholder notes payable calculated using level 3 inputs, using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the debt’s conversion factor and a net present value model was $7.5 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

g.Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”. ASU No. 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB finalized the delay of the effective date by one year, making the new standard effective for interim periods and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but it is not permitted earlier than the original effective date. ASU No. 2014-09 provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. ASU No. 2014-15 defines management’s responsibility to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. It is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not elected to early adopt, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”. ASU No. 2015-11 changes the measurement principle for inventory from the “lower of cost or market” to “lower of cost and net realizable value.” Net realizable value is defined as the “estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.”  ASU No. 2015-11 eliminates the guidance that entities consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin in the subsequent measurement of inventory when cost is determined on a first-in, first-out or average cost basis. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined whether it will elect to early adopt ASU 2015-11, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. ASU No. 2016-09 will change how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Entities will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the statement of income when the awards vest or are settled, the guidance on employers’ accounting for an employee’s use of shares to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation and for forfeitures is changing and the update requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Inventories

Inventories

4.Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2016		2015
Raw materials	$	3,733	$	3,894
Work in process	873		844
Finished goods	2,723		3,180
	$	7,329	$	7,918

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

5.Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due to the effect of foreign currency translation.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2016		2015
Trade name	15 - 20	$	1,222	$	1,186
Patents and know-how	5 - 12	4,180		4,002
Customer relationships	4 - 8	765		724
		6,167		5,912
Less accumulated amortization		(4,296)		(4,011)
		$	1,871	$	1,901

The Company recorded amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets of $0.1 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31:
Remainder of 2016	$	341
2017	$	446
2018	$	163
2019	$	163
2020	$	163
2021	$	163

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

6.Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued salaries and benefits	$	1,284	$	1,332
Accrued severance and other charges (1)	1,565		1,092
Accrued warranty (2)	242		228
Warrant liability (3)	1,537		3,072
Liability for consigned precious metals	1,038		543
Other	1,595		1,587
	$	7,261	$	7,854

(1) For additional information, refer to Note 7, “Severance and Other Charges”.

(2) For additional information, refer to Note 8, “Accrued Warranty”.

(3) For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”.

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Severance and Other Charges

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Severance and Other Charges

Severance and Other Charges

7.Severance and Other Charges

Severance and other charges consist of employee serverance expense, and the following summarizes the activity (in thousands):

	Total
December 31, 2015	$	1,092
Provision	792
Payments	(319		)
March 31, 2016	$	1,565

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Accrued Warranty

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accrued Warranty

Accrued Warranty

8.Accrued Warranty

The following summarizes the activity in the Company’s accrual for product warranty (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	228		$	373
Accrued warranty expense	61			125
Warranty claims paid	(47		)	(155		)
Balance at end of period	$	242		$	343

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt

Debt

9.Debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Line of credit with FGI	$	4,109		$	3,513
$1.5 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	1,625			1,623
$3.0 million, 8% subordinated convertible shareholder notes due 2018 (1)	2,975			2,972
$3.0 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	2,968			2,964
	11,677			11,072
Less current portion	(4,109		)	(3,513		)
	$	7,568		$	7,559

(1)   The aggregate amount of unamortized debt discount was $0.1 million at March 31, 2016
and December 31, 2015. Refer to Note 2, “Liquidity and Going Concern”, regarding
recent amendments to the shareholder notes.

Line of Credit with FGI

At March 31, 2016, the Company had $3.4 million of gross accounts receivable pledged to FGI as collateral for short-term debt in the amount of $2.6 million. At March 31, 2016, the Company also had $1.5 million in borrowings outstanding against eligible inventory. The Company was in compliance with the terms of the FGI Facility at March 31, 2016. However, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to borrow to the full limit of $7.5 million if FGI chooses not to finance a portion of its receivables or inventory.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity

10.Stockholders’ Equity

Significant Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the increase in additional paid-in capital was attributable to (i) a $0.7 million reclassification of the fair value of warrants exercised and (ii) $0.4 million of stock-based compensation expense.

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Warrants

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Warrants

Warrants

11.Warrants

Warrants outstanding and exercisable are summarized as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Exercise		Range of
	Shares(1)	Price		Exercise Prices
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	4,567,207	$	1.49	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercised	(953,592)	$	0.01	$0.01
Outstanding at March 31, 2016	3,613,615	$	1.89	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,986,222	$	2.04	$0.01 - $4.50

(1) Outstanding and exercisable information includes 170,676 equity-classified warrants.

Warrant Liability

The Company’s warrant liability is carried at fair value and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because the warrants are valued based on unobservable inputs.

The Company determines the fair value of its warrant liability using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model unless the warrants are subject to market conditions, in which case it uses a Monte Carlo simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved. These models are dependent on several variables, such as the warrant’s expected term, expected strike price, expected risk-free interest rate over the expected term of the instrument, expected dividend yield rate over the expected term and the expected volatility. The expected strike price for warrants with full-ratchet down-round price protection is based on a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during the term as a result of the full-ratchet down-round price protection.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability for these warrants outstanding are as follows:

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued April 2014
	Number of warrants	148,000		(1)	664,000		148,000		(1)	664,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	4.20	$	1.70		$	4.20
	Expected volatility	95.2%			98.0%		96.7%			94.4%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%			1.0%		1.6%			1.5%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	4.1			3.5		4.4			3.8

(1) Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	388,393		388,393
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	1.70
	Expected volatility (1)	94.8%		96.6%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%		1.6%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	4.2		4.4

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued June 2015
	Number of warrants	320,000		(1)	180,000		320,000		(1)	180,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	2.65	$	1.70		$	2.65
	Expected volatility	102.0%			96.2%		110.3%			102.3%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%			1.2%		1.8%			1.7%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	5.3			4.7		5.5			4.9

(1) Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
		Series A		Series B(1)		Series A		Series B(1)
Issued November 2015
	Number of warrants	771,000		732,546		771,000		1,686,138
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.72	$	0.94	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	0.01	$	1.70	$	0.01
	Expected volatility	94.2%		–		96.6%		–
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%		–		1.8%		–
	Dividend yield	–		–		–		–
	Expected life in years	5.2		–		5.5		–

(1) Due to the $0.01 strike price, fair value equals CDTi stock price minus the strike price.

The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability for warrants outstanding with full-ratchet down-round protection are as follows:

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued July 2013
	Number of warrants	94,000		(1)	65,000		94,000		(1)	65,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22		$	1.22	$	1.22		$	1.22
	Expected volatility	92.5%			102.3%		95.5%			99.1%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%			0.8%		1.5%			1.2%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	3.6			2.3		3.9			2.5

(1) In connection with a letter agreement, dated October 7, 2015, the Company agreed to amend the term of these warrants in order to extend the expiration date until November 11, 2019.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	80,000		80,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22	$	1.22
	Expected volatility (1)	92.5%		95.5%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%		1.5%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	3.6		3.9

The warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, is re-measured at the end of each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in other expense, net in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Upon the exercise of a warrant that is classified as a liability, the fair value of the warrant exercised is re-measured on the exercise date and reclassified from warrant liability to additional paid-in capital. For additional information regarding the fair value of the warrant liability, amounts recognized in other income (expense) and amounts reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon exercise, refer to the warrant liability reconciliation in Note 3(d), “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Fair Value Measurements”.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

12.Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. Management does not believe that any of these claims and proceedings against it is likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine the final amount, if any, of its liability beyond the amount accrued in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2016, nor is it possible to estimate what litigation-related costs will be in the future.

California Air Resources Board (“CARB”)

By email dated June 26, 2015, CARB asserted the Company had deficiencies in compliance with the Verification Procedure, Aftermarket Parts Regulations and the Vehicle Code. The initial penalty calculated by CARB for these alleged violations was $1.8 million, with the largest component relating to the use of empty center bodies to allow trucks to be placed back in service while warranty claims are being evaluated. This process is now explicitly permitted by regulation, but was not permitted at the time of the alleged violation. Although the Company disagreed, and continues to disagree, with CARB’s findings, the Company has cooperated with CARB’s investigation and is discussing with CARB whether and to what extent the payment of monetary penalties would be appropriate. After review and evaluation of CARB’s findings and publicly available CARB settlements for similar matters, the Company has accrued an expense of less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2015 for a proposed settlement provided to CARB to resolve this matter. During 2016, CARB responded to the Company’s proposed settlement with a counter-proposal of $0.8 million by cutting certain components of their initial penalty in half and reducing certain penalties. In April 2016, the Company responded to CARB with a counter offer that was less than $0.1 million. CARB then responded with a counter offer of approximately $0.2 million. The Company is currently evaluating CARB’s recent counter-proposal and other relevant information, and an additional accrual may be recorded upon the completion of the Company’s current evaluation later in 2016. In the event that a mutually satisfactory agreement cannot be reached, the Company plans to defend any formal action taken by CARB.

For information related to commitments and contingencies related to AUS, a former subsidiary of the Company that was sold in 2009, refer to Note 14, “Discontinued Operations”.

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

13.Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

The Company has two business division segments based on the products it delivers:

Catalyst division —  The Catalyst division develops and produces catalysts to reduce emissions from gasoline, diesel and natural gas combustion engines. Most catalytic systems require significant amounts of costly PGMs to operate effectively. Using its proprietary mixed-phase catalyst, or MPC®, technology, the Catalyst division has developed a family of unique high-performance catalysts, featuring inexpensive base-metals with low or even no PGM content. It has recently developed a new generation of catalyst technologies, which the Company believes will enable further advances in catalyst performance and further reductions in PGM usage. Since 2001, the Catalyst division has supplied over twelve million catalyst parts to light duty vehicle OEM customers. The Catalyst division is also a supplier of products for the Company’s Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division. Intersegment revenues are based on market prices.

Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division — The Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division designs and manufactures exhaust emissions control solutions for a wide range of heavy duty diesel applications. It offers a full range of DuraFit™ OEM replacement diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs), and products for the verified retrofit and non-retrofit OEM markets through its distribution/dealer network and direct sales. The Company believes that its Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division offers one of the industry’s most comprehensive portfolios of emissions control systems for use in engine retrofit programs that have been evaluated and verified as compliant with applicable state and federal regulations, as well as regulations imposed by several European countries. The Company has received certification from the Verification of Emission Reduction Technologies Association (VERT) for our Purifilter® exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) diesel particulate filter system, which expands its retrofit market opportunities into South America and other international locations. Sales of emissions control systems by the Heavy Duty Diesel Systems division are driven by the regulation of diesel emissions, particularly in the State of California.

Corporate — Corporate includes cost for personnel, insurance and public company expenses such as legal, audit and taxes that are not allocated down to the operating divisions.

Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenues
Catalyst	$	6,543		$	6,811
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	4,088			4,152
Eliminations (1)	(885		)	(622		)
Total	$	9,746		$	10,341
Loss from operations
Catalyst	$	(271	)	$	(558	)
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	(784		)	(378		)
Corporate	(2,117		)	(1,710		)
Eliminations (1)	(45		)	(68		)
Total	$	(3,217	)	$	(2,714	)

(1) Elimination of Catalyst revenue and profit in ending inventory related to sales to Heavy Duty Diesel Systems.

Net sales by geographic region based on the location of the Company’s point of sale is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	5,878	$	6,347
Canada	2,996		3,122
Europe	872		872
Total international	3,868		3,994
Total revenues	$	9,746	$	10,341

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Discontinued Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

14.Discontinued Operations

Applied Utility Systems, Inc.

The Company is undergoing a sales and use tax audit by the State of California (the “State”) on AUS for the period of 2007 through 2009. The audit has identified a project performed by the Company during that time period for which sales tax was not collected and remitted and for which the State asserts that proper documentation of resale may not have been obtained and that the Company owes sales tax of $1.5 million, inclusive of interest. The Company contends and believes that it received sufficient and proper documentation from its customer to support not collecting and remitting sales tax from that customer and is actively disputing the audit report with the State. On August 12, 2013, the Company appeared at an appeals conference with the State Board of Equalization (“BOE”). On July 21, 2014, the Company received a Decision and Recommendation (“D&R”) from the BOE. The D&R’s conclusion was that the basis for the calculation of the aforementioned $1.5 million tax due should be reduced from $12.2 million to $9.0 million with a commensurate reduction in the tax owed to the State. Regardless of this finding, the Company continues to believe that it will prevail in this matter, as it believes that the State did not adequately address the legal arguments related to the Company’s acceptance of the valid resale certificate from its customer. The Company has not agreed to these findings, and therefore, it will be appealing at a higher level at the BOE. Based on a re-audit, the BOE lowered the tax due to $0.9 million, inclusive of interest. The Company continues to disagree with these findings based on the aforementioned reasons. However, in October 2015, the Company offered to settle this case for $0.1 million, which is based on the expected cost of continuing to contest this audit. Accordingly, an accrual was charged to discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2015 for the recent offer to settle this case, and this accrual is also recorded as a liability as of March 31, 2016. Should the Company not prevail with the recent offer to settle this case, it plans to continue with the appeals process. Further, should the Company not prevail in this case, it will pursue reimbursement from the customer for all assessments from the State.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

15.Subsequent Events

Promissory Note and Amendments to Loan Agreements

On April 1, 2016, the Company executed a Promissory Note and entered into an amendment of existing loan agreements with Kanis S.A. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Note, Kanis S.A. agreed to lend the Company $2.0 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the Kanis Agreement, the Company and Kanis S.A. agreed to amend prior loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $7.5 million, such that: (i) Kanis S.A. shall have the right to convert the principal balance of the Loan Agreements and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI’s common stock on the date before the date of the Kanis Agreement or as of the date when Kanis S.A. exercises its conversion right; and (ii) the Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the $7.5 million principal balance and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity of the Loan Agreements or earlier upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of the Kanis Agreement or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event is defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI. The Company may prepay the principal and any interest due on the Loan Agreements at any time before their maturity date without penalty.

Director Convertible Promissory Note

On April 11, 2016, the Company executed a Convertible Promissory Note with Lon E. Bell, Ph.D., one of the Company’s Directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Director Note, Mr. Bell agreed to lend the Company $0.5 million at 8% per annum and a maturity date of September 30, 2017. Mr. Bell has the right to convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into common stock of the Company at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or as of the date when Mr. Bell exercises his conversion right. The Company shall have the right to mandatorily convert the principal balance of the Director Note and any accrued interest thereon into its common stock upon maturity at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI on the date before the date of the Director Note or on the maturity date. The Company shall also have the right to mandatorily convert the principal amount of the Director Note plus accrued interest thereon into its common stock concurrently with the closing of a Liquidity Event at a conversion price equal to the lower of the closing price of CDTI as of the date immediately before the date of this Director Note or at a 25% discount to the Liquidity Event price. A Liquidity Event shall be defined as a strategic investment in CDTI or a public stock offering by CDTI.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

a.Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should not necessarily be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations may include future costs for the Company’s liability to settle certain tax matters associated with Applied Utility Systems, Inc. (“AUS”), a former subsidiary of the Company. For additional information, refer to Note 14, “Discontinued Operations”.

All discussions and amounts in the consolidated financial statements and related notes for all periods presented relate to continuing operations only, unless otherwise noted.

Concentration of Risk

b.Concentration of Risk

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, one automotive OEM customer within the Catalyst segment accounted for 57% and 59%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues. This customer accounted for 37% and 31% of the Company’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues or accounts receivable for these periods.

For the periods presented below, certain vendors accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s raw material purchases as follows:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
Vendor	Supplies	2016	2015
A	Substrates	36%	39%
B	Substrates	*	11%
* less than 10%

Net Loss per Share

c.Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares include employee stock options and restricted share units and warrants and debt that are convertible into the Company’s common stock. Because the Company incurred net losses in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the effect of potentially dilutive securities has been excluded in the computation of net loss per share as their impact would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded were 5.8 million and 2.5 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

d.Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with a hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs which reflect market data obtained from independent sources and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

· Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

· Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable including quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

· Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

The Company records its liability-classified warrants at fair value in accordance with the fair value measurement framework. For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”. The valuation inputs hierarchy classification for the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Warrant liability	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2016	-	-	$	1,537
December 31, 2015	-	-	$	3,072

The following is a reconciliation of the warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,072	$	1,474
Issuance of common stock warrants	-			-
Exercise of common stock warrants	(739)			-
Remeasurement of common stock warrants	(796)			529
Balance at end of period	$	1,537	$	2,003

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

e.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which the determination of fair value is practicable. The fair values of the Company’s cash, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate carrying values due to the short maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the line of credit approximates its carrying value due to the variable interest rates. The fair value of shareholder notes payable calculated using level 3 inputs, using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the debt’s conversion factor and a net present value model was $7.5 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

g.Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)”. ASU No. 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB finalized the delay of the effective date by one year, making the new standard effective for interim periods and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but it is not permitted earlier than the original effective date. ASU No. 2014-09 provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. ASU No. 2014-15 defines management’s responsibility to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. It is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not elected to early adopt, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”. ASU No. 2015-11 changes the measurement principle for inventory from the “lower of cost or market” to “lower of cost and net realizable value.” Net realizable value is defined as the “estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.”  ASU No. 2015-11 eliminates the guidance that entities consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin in the subsequent measurement of inventory when cost is determined on a first-in, first-out or average cost basis. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet determined whether it will elect to early adopt ASU 2015-11, and it is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2015-11 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. ASU No. 2016-09 will change how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Entities will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the statement of income when the awards vest or are settled, the guidance on employers’ accounting for an employee’s use of shares to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation and for forfeitures is changing and the update requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of vendors which accounted for 10% or more of the Company's raw material purchases

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
Vendor	Supplies	2016	2015
A	Substrates	36%	39%
B	Substrates	*	11%
* less than 10%

Schedule of warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The valuation inputs hierarchy classification for the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Warrant liability	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
March 31, 2016	-	-	$	1,537
December 31, 2015	-	-	$	3,072

Schedule of reconciliation of warrant liability

The following is a reconciliation of the warrant liability, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,072	$	1,474
Issuance of common stock warrants	-			-
Exercise of common stock warrants	(739)			-
Remeasurement of common stock warrants	(796)			529
Balance at end of period	$	1,537	$	2,003

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Inventories

Schedule of inventory

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2016		2015
Raw materials	$	3,733	$	3,894
Work in process	873		844
Finished goods	2,723		3,180
	$	7,329	$	7,918

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Schedule of intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2016		2015
Trade name	15 - 20	$	1,222	$	1,186
Patents and know-how	5 - 12	4,180		4,002
Customer relationships	4 - 8	765		724
		6,167		5,912
Less accumulated amortization		(4,296)		(4,011)
		$	1,871	$	1,901

Schedule of estimated amortization expense

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31:
Remainder of 2016	$	341
2017	$	446
2018	$	163
2019	$	163
2020	$	163
2021	$	163

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Accrued salaries and benefits	$	1,284	$	1,332
Accrued severance and other charges (1)	1,565		1,092
Accrued warranty (2)	242		228
Warrant liability (3)	1,537		3,072
Liability for consigned precious metals	1,038		543
Other	1,595		1,587
	$	7,261	$	7,854

(1) For additional information, refer to Note 7, “Severance and Other Charges”.

(2) For additional information, refer to Note 8, “Accrued Warranty”.

(3) For additional information, refer to Note 11, “Warrants”.

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Severance and Other Charges (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Severance and Other Charges

Schedule of severance and other charges

Severance and other charges consist of employee serverance expense, and the following summarizes the activity (in thousands):

	Total
December 31, 2015	$	1,092
Provision	792
Payments	(319		)
March 31, 2016	$	1,565

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Accrued Warranty (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Accrued Warranty

Schedule of accrual for product warranty

The following summarizes the activity in the Company’s accrual for product warranty (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Balance at beginning of period	$	228		$	373
Accrued warranty expense	61			125
Warranty claims paid	(47		)	(155		)
Balance at end of period	$	242		$	343

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt

Schedule of debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Line of credit with FGI	$	4,109		$	3,513
$1.5 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	1,625			1,623
$3.0 million, 8% subordinated convertible shareholder notes due 2018 (1)	2,975			2,972
$3.0 million, 8% shareholder note due 2018 (1)	2,968			2,964
	11,677			11,072
Less current portion	(4,109		)	(3,513		)
	$	7,568		$	7,559

(1)   The aggregate amount of unamortized debt discount was $0.1 million at March 31, 2016
and December 31, 2015. Refer to Note 2, “Liquidity and Going Concern”, regarding
recent amendments to the shareholder notes.

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Warrants (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Schedule of warrants activity

		Weighted
		Average
		Exercise		Range of
	Shares(1)	Price		Exercise Prices
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	4,567,207	$	1.49	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercised	(953,592)	$	0.01	$0.01
Outstanding at March 31, 2016	3,613,615	$	1.89	$0.01 - $4.50
Exercisable at March 31, 2016	1,986,222	$	2.04	$0.01 - $4.50

(1) Outstanding and exercisable information includes 170,676 equity-classified warrants.

Black Scholes

Schedule of Share Based Payment Award Warrants Valuation Assumptions

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued April 2014
	Number of warrants	148,000		(1)	664,000		148,000		(1)	664,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	4.20	$	1.70		$	4.20
	Expected volatility	95.2%			98.0%		96.7%			94.4%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%			1.0%		1.6%			1.5%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	4.1			3.5		4.4			3.8

(1) Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	388,393		388,393
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	1.70
	Expected volatility (1)	94.8%		96.6%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.1%		1.6%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	4.2		4.4

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued June 2015
	Number of warrants	320,000		(1)	180,000		320,000		(1)	180,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70		$	2.65	$	1.70		$	2.65
	Expected volatility	102.0%			96.2%		110.3%			102.3%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%			1.2%		1.8%			1.7%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	5.3			4.7		5.5			4.9

(1) Concurrent with the November 2015 offering, these warrants were exchanged for warrants with a different strike price and term.

		March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
		Series A		Series B(1)		Series A		Series B(1)
Issued November 2015
	Number of warrants	771,000		732,546		771,000		1,686,138
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.72	$	0.94	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.70	$	0.01	$	1.70	$	0.01
	Expected volatility	94.2%		–		96.6%		–
	Risk-free interest rate	1.3%		–		1.8%		–
	Dividend yield	–		–		–		–
	Expected life in years	5.2		–		5.5		–

(1) Due to the $0.01 strike price, fair value equals CDTi stock price minus the strike price.

Monte Carlo Simulation Model

Schedule of Share Based Payment Award Warrants Valuation Assumptions

		March 31, 2016					December 31, 2015
Issued July 2013
	Number of warrants	94,000		(1)	65,000		94,000		(1)	65,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72		$	0.72	$	0.94		$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22		$	1.22	$	1.22		$	1.22
	Expected volatility	92.5%			102.3%		95.5%			99.1%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%			0.8%		1.5%			1.2%
	Dividend yield	–			–		–			–
	Expected life in years	3.6			2.3		3.9			2.5

(1) In connection with a letter agreement, dated October 7, 2015, the Company agreed to amend the term of these warrants in order to extend the expiration date until November 11, 2019.

		March 31,		December 31,
		2016		2015
Issued November 2014
	Number of warrants	80,000		80,000
	CDTi stock price	$	0.72	$	0.94
	Strike price	$	1.22	$	1.22
	Expected volatility (1)	92.5%		95.5%
	Risk-free interest rate	1.0%		1.5%
	Dividend yield	–		–
	Expected life in years	3.6		3.9

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

Schedule of financial information by reporting segment

Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016			2015
Revenues
Catalyst	$	6,543		$	6,811
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	4,088			4,152
Eliminations (1)	(885		)	(622		)
Total	$	9,746		$	10,341
Loss from operations
Catalyst	$	(271	)	$	(558	)
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems	(784		)	(378		)
Corporate	(2,117		)	(1,710		)
Eliminations (1)	(45		)	(68		)
Total	$	(3,217	)	$	(2,714	)

(1) Elimination of Catalyst revenue and profit in ending inventory related to sales to Heavy Duty Diesel Systems.

Schedule of net sales by geographic region

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2016		2015
United States	$	5,878	$	6,347
Canada	2,996		3,122
Europe	872		872
Total international	3,868		3,994
Total revenues	$	9,746	$	10,341

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Liquidity and Going Concern (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	May. 19, 2015	May. 15, 2012	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 11, 2016	Apr. 01, 2016	Feb. 12, 2016	Feb. 11, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Liquidity and Going Concern
Accumulated deficit			$ 202,360					$ 199,589
Cash			$ 1,596					$ 2,958	$ 4,250	$ 7,220
Authorized shares						100,000,000	24,100,000
Common stock, shares authorized			99,900,000			99,900,000		24,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized			100,000			100,000		100,000
Shelf Registration
Liquidity and Going Concern
Authorized amount		$ 50,000
Maximum percentage of public float for public offering limit		33.00%
Period of public float for public offering limit		12 months
Public float threshold		$ 75,000
Replacement Shelf
Liquidity and Going Concern
Authorized amount	$ 50,000
Maximum percentage of public float for public offering limit	33.00%
Period of public float for public offering limit	12 months
Public float threshold	$ 75,000
Line of credit with FGI
Liquidity and Going Concern
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 7,500
Term of extension			1 year
Available borrowing capacity			$ 3,400
Kanis Note | Notes Payable, Other Payables
Liquidity and Going Concern
Face amount of debt					$ 2,000
Interest rate (as a percent)					8.00%
Kanis Agreement | Convertible Debt
Liquidity and Going Concern
Aggregate principal amount outstanding					$ 7,500
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)					25.00%
Director Note | Convertible Debt
Liquidity and Going Concern
Face amount of debt				$ 500
Interest rate (as a percent)				8.00%
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)				25.00%

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Significant Accounting Policies - Principles of Consolidation (Details) - One automotive OEM customer - Catalyst - customer	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Sales Revenue, Net | Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration of risk
Number of customers	1	1
Concentration risk percentage	57.00%	59.00%
Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration
Concentration of risk
Number of customers	1		1
Concentration risk percentage	37.00%		31.00%

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Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Risk (Details) - Cost of Goods, Total - Supplier Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Vendor A
Concentration of risk
Concentration risk percentage	36.00%	39.00%
Vendor B
Concentration of risk
Concentration risk percentage		11.00%
Vendor B | Maximum
Concentration of risk
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%

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Significant Accounting Policies - Net Loss per Share and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Warrant liability	$ 1,537		$ 3,072
Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from computation (in shares)	5.8	2.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Warrant liability	$ 1,537		$ 3,072

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Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Warrant Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of warrant liability
Fair value of shareholder notes payable	$ 7,500		$ 7,500
Warrants
Reconciliation of warrant liability
Balance at beginning of period	3,072	$ 1,474
Exercise of common stock warrants	(739)
Remeasurement of common stock warrants	(796)	529
Balance at end of period	$ 1,537	$ 2,003

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Inventories
Raw materials	$ 3,733	$ 3,894
Work in process	873	844
Finished goods	2,723	3,180
Total inventories	$ 7,329	$ 7,918

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finite-lived intangible assets
Intangible assets, gross	$ 6,167	$ 5,912
Less accumulated amortization	(4,296)	(4,011)
Intangible assets, net	1,871	1,901
Trade name
Finite-lived intangible assets
Intangible assets, gross	1,222	1,186
Patents and know-how
Finite-lived intangible assets
Intangible assets, gross	4,180	4,002
Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets
Intangible assets, gross	$ 765	$ 724
Minimum | Trade name
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	15 years
Minimum | Patents and know-how
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	5 years
Minimum | Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	4 years
Maximum | Trade name
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	20 years
Maximum | Patents and know-how
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	12 years
Maximum | Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets
Useful life	8 years

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	15 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 100
Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years
Remainder of 2016	341
2017	446
2018	163
2019	163
2020	163
2021	$ 163

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued salaries and benefits	$ 1,284	$ 1,332
Accrued severance and other charges	1,565	1,092
Accrued warranty	242	228	$ 343	$ 373
Warrant liability	1,537	3,072
Liability for consigned precious metals	1,038	543
Other	1,595	1,587
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 7,261	$ 7,854

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Severance and Other Charges (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Severance and other charges
Balance, start of period	$ 1,092
Provision	792
Payments	(319)
Balance, end of period	$ 1,565

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Accrued Warranty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Accrued Warranty
Balance at beginning of period	$ 228	$ 373
Accrued warranty expense	61	125
Warranty claims paid	(47)	(155)
Balance at end of period	$ 242	$ 343

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Debt - Long-term and Short-term, Combined (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt, long-term and short-term, combined amount
Total debt	$ 11,677	$ 11,072
Less current portion	(4,109)	(3,513)
Long-term debt, net of current portion	7,568	7,559
Unamortized debt discount	100	100
Line of credit with FGI | Line of Credit
Debt, long-term and short-term, combined amount
Total debt	4,109	3,513
Unsecured Debt | 1.5 million 8% shareholder note due 2018
Debt, long-term and short-term, combined amount
Face amount of debt	$ 1,500	$ 1,500
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%	8.00%
Total debt	$ 1,625	$ 1,623
Convertible Subordinated Debt | 3.0 million 8% subordinated convertible shareholder notes due 2018
Debt, long-term and short-term, combined amount
Face amount of debt	$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%	8.00%
Total debt	$ 2,975	$ 2,972
Notes Payable, Other Payables | 3.0 million 8% shareholder note due 2018
Debt, long-term and short-term, combined amount
Face amount of debt	$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%	8.00%
Total debt	$ 2,968	$ 2,964

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Debt - Line of Credit with FGI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount	$ 11,677	$ 11,072
Line of credit with FGI
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	7,500
Line of credit with FGI | Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Gross accounts receivable pledged as collateral	3,400
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount	4,109	$ 3,513
Line of credit with FGI | Secured Debt | Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount	1,500
Line of credit with FGI | Secured Debt | Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount	$ 2,600

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Stockholders' Equity
Fair value of warrants exercised as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital	$ 0.7
Stock-based compensation expense as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital	$ 0.4

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Warrants - Activity (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	4,567,207
Exercised (in shares)	(953,592)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	3,613,615
Exercisable at end of period (in shares)	1,986,222
Equity classified as warrants	170,676	170,676
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 1.49
Exercised (in dollars per shares)	0.01
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	1.89
Exercisable at end of period (in dollars per share)	2.04
Range of Exercise Prices
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0.01
Minimum
Range of Exercise Prices
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	0.01
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	0.01
Exercisable (in dollars per share)	0.01
Maximum
Range of Exercise Prices
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	4.50
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	4.50
Exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 4.50

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Warrants - Issued April 4, 2014 Black Scholes (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued April 4, 2014, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	664,000	664,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.20	$ 4.20
Expected volatility	98.00%	94.40%
Risk-free interest rate	1.00%	1.50%
Expected life in years	3 years 6 months	3 years 9 months 18 days
Warrants Issued April 4, 2014, Liability | November 23, 2015 Offering
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	148,000	148,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.70	$ 1.70
Expected volatility	95.20%	96.70%
Risk-free interest rate	1.10%	1.60%
Expected life in years	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 4 months 24 days

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Warrants - Issued November 4, 2014 Black Scholes (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued November 4, 2014, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	388,393	388,393
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.70	$ 1.70
Expected volatility	94.80%	96.60%
Risk-free interest rate	1.10%	1.60%
Expected life in years	4 years 2 months 12 days	4 years 4 months 24 days

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Warrants - Issued June 8, 2015 Black Scholes (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued June 8, 2015, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	180,000	180,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.65	$ 2.65
Expected volatility	96.20%	102.30%
Risk-free interest rate	1.20%	1.70%
Expected life in years	4 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 10 months 24 days
November 23, 2015 Offering | Warrants Issued June 8, 2015, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	320,000	320,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.70	$ 1.70
Expected volatility	102.00%	110.30%
Risk-free interest rate	1.30%	1.80%
Expected life in years	5 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 6 months

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Warrants - Issued November 27, 2015 Black Scholes (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued November 27, 2015, Liability | Series A Warrants
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	771,000	771,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.70	$ 1.70
Expected volatility	94.20%	96.60%
Risk-free interest rate	1.30%	1.80%
Expected life in years	5 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 6 months
Warrants Issued November 27, 2015, Liability | Series B Warrants
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	732,546	1,686,138
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01

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Warrants - Issued July 3, 2013 Monte Carlo (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued July 3, 2013, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	65,000	65,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.22	$ 1.22
Expected volatility	102.30%	99.10%
Risk-free interest rate	0.80%	1.20%
Expected life in years	2 years 3 months 18 days	2 years 6 months
Warrants Issued July 3, 2013, Liability | November 23, 2015 Offering
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	94,000	94,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.22	$ 1.22
Expected volatility	92.50%	95.50%
Risk-free interest rate	1.00%	1.50%
Expected life in years	3 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 10 months 24 days

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Warrants - Issued November 11, 2014 Monte Carlo (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	3,613,615	4,567,207
Warrants Issued November 11, 2014, Liability
Fair value assumptions and methodology for assets and liabilities
Number of warrants (in shares)	80,000	80,000
CDTi stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.72	$ 0.94
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.22	$ 1.22
Expected volatility	92.50%	95.50%
Risk-free interest rate	1.00%	1.50%
Expected life in years	3 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 10 months 24 days

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - CARB - USD ($) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 26, 2015	Apr. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Loss contingency, estimate
Calculated penalty for alleged violations	$ 1.8	$ 0.2	$ 0.8
Maximum
Loss contingency, estimate
Amount accrued				$ 0.1
Proposed settlement		$ 0.1

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information - Number of Segments (Details) item in Millions	3 Months Ended	183 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 segment	Mar. 31, 2016 item
Segment Reporting Information
Number of operating segments | segment	2
Minimum | Catalyst
Segment Reporting Information
Number of parts supplied to customers | item		12

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information - Net Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Net sales
Net sales	$ 9,746	$ 10,341
Catalyst
Net sales
Net sales	6,543	6,811
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems
Net sales
Net sales	4,088	4,152
Intersegment Eliminations
Net sales
Net sales	$ (885)	$ (622)

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information - Loss from Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Loss from operations
Loss from operations	$ (3,217)	$ (2,714)
Catalyst
Loss from operations
Loss from operations	(271)	(558)
Heavy Duty Diesel Systems
Loss from operations
Loss from operations	(784)	(378)
Corporate, Non-Segment
Loss from operations
Loss from operations	(2,117)	(1,710)
Intersegment Eliminations
Loss from operations
Loss from operations	$ (45)	$ (68)

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Segment Reporting and Geographic Information - Net Sales by Geographic Region based on Location of Sales Organization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Net sales by geographic region
Revenues	$ 9,746	$ 10,341
United States
Net sales by geographic region
Revenues	5,878	6,347
Canada
Net sales by geographic region
Revenues	2,996	3,122
Europe
Net sales by geographic region
Revenues	872	872
International
Net sales by geographic region
Revenues	$ 3,868	$ 3,994

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Discontinued Operations - Applied Utility Systems, Inc. (Details) - Applied Utility Systems, Inc. - Sales And Use Tax Audit - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2016	Jul. 21, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Discontinued Operations
Sales tax owed		$ 0.9		$ 1.5
Basis for determining sales tax owed			$ 12.2
Adjusted basis for determining sales tax owed			$ 9.0
Amount offered to settle the case	$ 0.1

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Apr. 11, 2016	Apr. 01, 2016
Kanis Note | Notes Payable, Other Payables
Subsequent Events
Face amount of debt		$ 2.0
Interest rate (as a percent)		8.00%
Kanis Note | Subsequent Event | Notes Payable, Other Payables
Subsequent Events
Face amount of debt		$ 2.0
Interest rate (as a percent)		8.00%
Kanis Agreement | Convertible Debt
Subsequent Events
Aggregate principal amount outstanding		$ 7.5
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)		25.00%
Kanis Agreement | Subsequent Event | Convertible Debt
Subsequent Events
Aggregate principal amount outstanding		$ 7.5
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)		25.00%
Director Note | Convertible Debt
Subsequent Events
Face amount of debt	$ 0.5
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)	25.00%
Director Note | Subsequent Event | Convertible Debt
Subsequent Events
Face amount of debt	$ 0.5
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%
Liquidity event discount (as a percent)	25.00%