EXHIBIT 1

      JOINT FILING AGREEMENT AMONG FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.,
                 ERIC F. BILLINGS, AND EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN

     WHEREAS, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities and Exchange
Act of 1934 (the "Act"),  only one joint  statement and any  amendments  thereto
need to be filed  whenever  one or more  persons  are  required  to file  such a
statement or any  amendments  thereto  pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Act with
respect to the same securities, provided that said persons agree in writing that
such statement or amendments thereto is filed on behalf of each of them;

     NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

     FRIEDMAN,  BILLINGS,  RAMSEY GROUP, INC., ERIC F. BILLINGS,  AND EMANUEL J.
FRIEDMAN hereby agree, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Act, to file a
statement  on Schedule  13G  relating to their  ownership of Common Stock of the
Issuer and do hereby further agree that said statement  shall be filed on behalf
of each of them.


                                      FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.
Dated:   February 13, 2002
                                      By: /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                      ---------------------------------
                                      Name:  Emanuel J. Friedman
                                      Title: Chairman


Dated:   February 13, 2002                /s/ ERIC F. BILLINGS
                                      ----------------------------------
                                      Eric F. Billings


Dated:   February 13, 2002                /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                      ----------------------------------
                                      Emanuel J. Friedman