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LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

We originate residential mortgage loans for both portfolio investment and sale in the secondary market.  At the time of origination, mortgage loans are designated as held for sale or held for investment.  Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or estimated market value determined on an aggregate basis.  Net unrealized losses on loans held for sale are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income.  The Banks also originate construction, land and land development, commercial and multifamily real estate, commercial business, agricultural business and consumer loans for portfolio investment.  Loans receivable not designated as held for sale are recorded at the principal amount outstanding, net of allowance for loan losses, deferred fees and origination costs, discounts and premiums.  Premiums, discounts and deferred loan fees and origination costs are amortized to maturity using the level-yield methodology.

Interest is accrued as earned unless management doubts the collectability of the loan or the unpaid interest.  Interest accruals are generally discontinued when loans become 90 days past due for scheduled interest payments.  All previously accrued but uncollected interest is deducted from interest income upon transfer to nonaccrual status.  Future collection of interest is included in interest income based upon an assessment of the likelihood that the loans will be repaid or recovered.  A loan may be put on nonaccrual status sooner than this policy would dictate if, in management’s judgment, the loan may be uncollectable.  Such interest is then recognized as income only if it is ultimately collected.

Loans receivable, including loans held for sale, at September 30, 2013, December 31, 2012 and September 30, 2012 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
 
Amount
 
Percent
of Total
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
508,341

 
15.5
%
 
$
489,581

 
15.1
%
 
$
477,871

 
14.9
%
Investment properties
613,757

 
18.8

 
583,641

 
18.0

 
604,265

 
18.8

Multifamily real estate
133,770

 
4.1

 
137,504

 
4.3

 
138,716

 
4.3

Commercial construction
18,730

 
0.6

 
30,229

 
0.9

 
28,598

 
0.9

Multifamily construction
33,888

 
1.0

 
22,581

 
0.7

 
14,502

 
0.5

One- to four-family construction
194,187

 
5.9

 
160,815

 
5.0

 
163,521

 
5.1

Land and land development:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Residential
75,576

 
2.3

 
77,010

 
2.4

 
79,932

 
2.5

Commercial
11,231

 
0.3

 
13,982

 
0.4

 
14,242

 
0.4

Commercial business
635,658

 
19.4

 
618,049

 
19.1

 
603,606

 
18.8

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
223,187

 
6.8

 
230,031

 
7.1

 
219,084

 
6.8

One- to four-family residential
543,263

 
16.6

 
581,670

 
18.0

 
594,413

 
18.5

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
170,019

 
5.2
%
 
170,123

 
5.3
%
 
171,380

 
5.3
%
Consumer-other
113,829

 
3.5

 
120,498

 
3.7

 
103,393

 
3.2

Total loans outstanding
3,275,436

 
100.0
%
 
3,235,714

 
100.0
%
 
3,213,523

 
100.0
%
Less allowance for loan losses
(76,657
)
 
 

 
(77,491
)
 
 

 
(78,783
)
 
 

Net loans
$
3,198,779

 
 

 
$
3,158,223

 
 

 
$
3,134,740

 
 



Loan amounts are net of unearned loan fees in excess of unamortized costs of $8.8 million as of September 30, 2013, $8.9 million as of December 31, 2012 and $9.0 million as of September 30, 2012.

The Company’s total loans by geographic concentration at September 30, 2013 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Washington
 
Oregon
 
Idaho
 
Other
 
Total
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
384,706

 
$
58,468

 
$
59,077

 
$
6,090

 
$
508,341

Investment properties
467,161

 
90,518

 
50,464

 
5,614

 
613,757

Multifamily real estate
107,744

 
15,998

 
9,828

 
200

 
133,770

Commercial construction
9,918

 
3,942

 
377

 
4,493

 
18,730

Multifamily construction
22,141

 
11,747

 

 

 
33,888

One- to four-family construction
108,011

 
84,749

 
1,427

 

 
194,187

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
45,281

 
28,973

 
1,322

 

 
75,576

Commercial
5,915

 
3,379

 
1,937

 

 
11,231

Commercial business
392,741

 
76,314

 
62,428

 
104,175

 
635,658

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
111,795

 
52,670

 
58,722

 

 
223,187

One- to four-family residential
337,369

 
180,047

 
23,846

 
2,001

 
543,263

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
112,130

 
44,049

 
13,195

 
645

 
170,019

Consumer—other
75,307

 
32,942

 
5,565

 
15

 
113,829

Total loans
$
2,180,219

 
$
683,796

 
$
288,188

 
$
123,233

 
$
3,275,436

Percent of total loans
66.6
%
 
20.9
%
 
8.8
%
 
3.7
%
 
100.0
%


The geographic concentrations of the Company’s land and land development loans by state at September 30, 2013 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Washington
 
Oregon
 
Idaho
 
Total
Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition and development
$
17,094

 
$
9,901

 
$
1,124

 
$
28,119

Improved land and lots
23,201

 
18,662

 
198

 
42,061

Unimproved land
4,986

 
410

 

 
5,396

Commercial:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Acquisition and development

 

 
484

 
484

Improved land and lots
3,213

 
525

 
507

 
4,245

Unimproved land
2,702

 
2,854

 
946

 
6,502

Total land and land development loans
$
51,196

 
$
32,352

 
$
3,259

 
$
86,807

Percent of land and land development loans
59.0
%
 
37.3
%
 
3.7
%
 
100.0
%


The Company originates both adjustable- and fixed-rate loans.  The maturity and repricing composition of those loans, less undisbursed amounts and deferred fees and origination costs, at September 30, 2013, December 31, 2012 and September 30, 2012 were as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
Fixed-rate (term to maturity):
 
 
 
 
 
Maturing in one year or less
$
134,632

 
$
183,004

 
$
185,379

Maturing after one year through three years
139,878

 
171,724

 
168,307

Maturing after three years through five years
205,830

 
173,251

 
168,348

Maturing after five years through ten years
208,625

 
167,858

 
165,973

Maturing after ten years
406,715

 
473,927

 
456,758

Total fixed-rate loans
1,095,680

 
1,169,764

 
1,144,765

Adjustable-rate (term to rate adjustment):
 

 
 

 
 

Maturing or repricing in one year or less
1,290,793

 
1,260,472

 
1,283,783

Maturing or repricing after one year through three years
274,789

 
275,223

 
291,778

Maturing or repricing after three years through five years
527,999

 
467,895

 
441,773

Maturing or repricing after five years through ten years
84,399

 
60,316

 
45,951

Maturing or repricing after ten years
1,776

 
2,044

 
5,473

Total adjustable-rate loans
2,179,756

 
2,065,950

 
2,068,758

Total loans
$
3,275,436

 
$
3,235,714

 
$
3,213,523



The adjustable-rate loans have interest rate adjustment limitations and are generally indexed to various prime (The Wall Street Journal) or London Inter-bank Offering Rate (LIBOR) rates, One to Five Year Constant Maturity Treasury Indices or FHLB advance rates.  Future market factors may affect the correlation of the interest rate adjustment with the rates the Banks pay on the short-term deposits that were primarily utilized to fund these loans.

Impaired Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and circumstances, the Company determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments.  Impaired loans are comprised of loans on nonaccrual, troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) that are performing under their restructured terms, and loans that are 90 days or more past due, but are still on accrual.

Troubled Debt Restructures. Some of the Company’s loans are reported as TDRs.  Loans are reported as TDRs when the bank grants one or more concessions to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions include forgiveness of principal or accrued interest, extending the maturity date(s) or providing a lower interest rate than would be normally available for a transaction of similar risk.  Our TDRs have generally not involved forgiveness of amounts due, but almost always include a modification of multiple factors; the most common combination includes interest rate, payment amount and maturity date. As a result of these concessions, restructured loans are impaired as the bank will not collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, in accordance with the terms of the original loan agreement.  Loans identified as TDRs are accounted for in accordance with the Company's impaired loan accounting policies.

The amount of impaired loans and the related allocated reserve for loan losses as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Loan Amount
 
Allocated Reserves
 
Loan Amount
 
Allocated
Reserves
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
2,798

 
$
38

 
$
4,105

 
$
618

Investment properties
1,965

 
97

 
2,474

 
56

Multifamily real estate
333

 
59

 

 

One- to four-family construction
910

 
81

 
1,565

 
326

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
750

 

 
2,061

 
323

Commercial

 

 
46

 
12

Commercial business
963

 
151

 
4,750

 
344

One- to four-family residential
10,717

 
307

 
12,964

 
520

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
940

 
16

 
2,073

 
41

Consumer—other
693

 
3

 
1,323

 
16

Total nonaccrual loans
20,069

 
752

 
31,361

 
2,256

Past due and still accruing
4,793

 
409

 
3,029

 
62

Troubled debt restructuring on accrual status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
186

 
4

 
188

 
4

Investment properties
5,456

 
455

 
7,034

 
664

Multifamily real estate
5,810

 
1,256

 
7,131

 
1,665

One- to four-family construction
7,285

 
1,070

 
6,726

 
1,115

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
5,230

 
1,112

 
4,842

 
667

Commercial business
1,115

 
203

 
2,975

 
610

One- to four-family residential
24,469

 
1,374

 
27,540

 
1,228

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
411

 
29

 
538

 
29

Consumer—other
468

 
56

 
488

 
38

Total troubled debt restructurings on accrual status
50,430

 
5,559

 
57,462

 
6,020

Total impaired loans
$
75,292

 
$
6,720

 
$
91,852

 
$
8,338



As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had commitments to advance funds up to an additional amount of $1.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively, related to TDRs.

The following tables provide additional information on impaired loans with and without specific allowance reserves at or for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and at or for the year ended December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
 
At or For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
Without a specific allowance reserve (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
803

 
$
1,003

 
$
38

 
$
879

 
$

Investment properties
466

 
1,011

 
97

 
684

 

Multifamily real estate
2,034

 
2,034

 
359

 
2,053

 
58

One- to four-family construction
561

 
737

 
81

 
578

 

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
242

 
243

 
87

 
246

 
13

Commercial business
2,697

 
3,238

 
165

 
3,083

 
1

One- to four-family residential
7,538

 
8,024

 
49

 
7,681

 
37

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
917

 
1,062

 
17

 
940

 

Consumer—other
508

 
658

 
3

 
532

 
1

 
15,766

 
18,010

 
896

 
16,676

 
110

With a specific allowance reserve (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
$
2,182

 
$
2,182

 
$
4

 
$
2,203

 
$
9

Investment properties
6,955

 
7,941

 
455

 
7,598

 
242

Multifamily real estate
5,810

 
5,810

 
1,256

 
5,689

 
218

One- to-four family construction
7,634

 
7,634

 
1,070

 
6,326

 
180

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
5,980

 
6,316

 
1,112

 
6,326

 
198

Commercial business
1,115

 
1,115

 
203

 
1,147

 
39

One- to four-family residential
28,711

 
29,778

 
1,639

 
29,893

 
786

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
457

 
457

 
29

 
530

 
19

Consumer—other
682

 
698

 
56

 
698

 
27

 
59,526

 
61,931

 
5,824

 
60,410

 
1,718

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
$
2,985

 
$
3,185

 
$
42

 
$
3,082

 
$
9

Investment properties
7,421

 
8,952

 
552

 
8,282

 
242

Multifamily real estate
7,844

 
7,844

 
1,615

 
7,742

 
276

One- to four-family construction
8,195

 
8,371

 
1,151

 
6,904

 
180

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
6,222

 
6,559

 
1,199

 
6,572

 
211

Commercial business
3,812

 
4,353

 
368

 
4,230

 
40

One- to four-family residential
36,249

 
37,802

 
1,688

 
37,574

 
823

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
1,374

 
1,519

 
46

 
1,470

 
19

Consumer—other
1,190

 
1,356

 
59

 
1,230

 
28

 
$
75,292

 
$
79,941

 
$
6,720

 
$
77,086

 
$
1,828


 
At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
Without a specific allowance reserve (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
1,300

 
$
1,551

 
$
103

 
$
1,470

 
$

Investment properties
624

 
861

 
90

 
735

 
17

Multifamily real estate
2,131

 
2,131

 
392

 
2,136

 
113

One- to four-family construction
4,460

 
4,460

 
571

 
3,335

 
145

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
2,122

 
2,587

 
404

 
2,948

 
73

Commercial
46

 
46

 
12

 
46

 

Commercial business
4,352

 
4,970

 
821

 
2,121

 
154

One- to four-family residential
10,886

 
12,004

 
150

 
11,458

 
44

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
1,641

 
2,335

 
54

 
1,966

 
14

Consumer—other
1,167

 
1,275

 
16

 
1,297

 
5

 
28,729

 
32,220

 
2,613

 
27,512

 
565

With a specific allowance reserve (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
$
2,993

 
$
2,993

 
$
518

 
$
3,113

 
$

Investment properties
8,884

 
10,120

 
630

 
9,449

 
229

Multifamily real estate
5,000

 
5,000

 
1,273

 
5,000

 
295

One- to-four family construction
3,831

 
3,831

 
870

 
3,611

 
194

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
4,782

 
4,782

 
586

 
5,039

 
185

Commercial

 

 

 

 

Commercial business
3,373

 
3,734

 
134

 
3,931

 
6

One- to four-family residential
32,494

 
33,672

 
1,656

 
33,100

 
1,259

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
1,042

 
1,140

 
26

 
1,074

 
15

Consumer—other
724

 
740

 
32

 
754

 

 
63,123

 
66,012

 
5,725

 
65,071

 
2,183

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
$
4,293

 
$
4,544

 
$
621

 
$
4,583

 
$

Investment properties
9,508

 
10,981

 
720

 
10,184

 
246

Multifamily real estate
7,131

 
7,131

 
1,665

 
7,136

 
408

One- to four-family construction
8,291

 
8,291

 
1,441

 
6,946

 
339

Land and land development
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
6,904

 
7,369

 
990

 
7,987

 
258

Commercial
46

 
46

 
12

 
46

 

Commercial business
7,725

 
8,704

 
955

 
6,052

 
160

One- to four-family residential
43,380

 
45,676

 
1,806

 
44,558

 
1,303

Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
2,683

 
3,475

 
80

 
3,040

 
29

Consumer—other
1,891

 
2,015

 
48

 
2,051

 
5

 
$
91,852

 
$
98,232

 
$
8,338

 
$
92,583

 
$
2,748



(1) 
Loans without a specific allowance reserve have not been individually evaluated for impairment, but have been included in pools of homogeneous loans for evaluation of related allowance reserves.
(2) 
Loans with a specific allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals to establish realizable value.  These analyses may identify a specific impairment amount needed or may conclude that no reserve is needed.  Any specific impairment that is identified is included in the category’s Related Allowance column.

The following tables present TDRs at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
Accrual
Status
 
Nonaccrual
Status
 
Total
Modifications
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
186

 
$
620

 
$
806

Investment properties
5,456

 
1,563

 
7,019

Multifamily real estate
5,810

 

 
5,810

One- to four-family construction
7,285

 
712

 
7,997

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
5,230

 

 
5,230

Commercial business
1,115

 
322

 
1,437

One- to four-family residential
24,469

 
2,146

 
26,615

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
411

 
254

 
665

Consumer—other
468

 
129

 
597

 
$
50,430

 
$
5,746

 
$
56,176


 
December 31, 2012
 
Accrual
Status
 
Nonaccrual
Status
 
Total
Modifications
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
188

 
$
1,551

 
$
1,739

Investment properties
7,034

 
1,514

 
8,548

Multifamily real estate
7,131

 

 
7,131

One- to four-family construction
6,726

 
1,044

 
7,770

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
4,842

 
15

 
4,857

Commercial business
2,975

 
247

 
3,222

One- to four-family residential
27,540

 
2,703

 
30,243

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
538

 
496

 
1,034

Consumer—other
488

 
396

 
884

 
$
57,462

 
$
7,966

 
$
65,428



The following tables present new TDRs that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
 Investment
 
Post-
modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
 Investment
 
Post-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
Recorded Investment (1) (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily real estate

 
$

 
$

 
1

 
$
376

 
$
376

One- to four-family construction
3

 
773

 
773

 
11

 
3,008

 
3,008

Land and land development—residential
2

 
1,029

 
1,029

 
2

 
1,029

 
1,029

 
5

 
$
1,802

 
$
1,802

 
24

 
$
7,336

 
$
7,336

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
Post-
modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
 
Post-
modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
Recorded Investment (1) (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
1

 
$
946

 
$
946

 
1

 
$
946

 
$
946

Investment properties
3

 
2,784

 
2,784

 
6

 
3,708

 
3,708

Multifamily real estate

 

 

 
2

 
5,054

 
5,054

One- to four-family construction
11

 
1,711

 
1,711

 
19

 
4,504

 
4,504

Land and land development—residential

 

 

 
6

 
2,059

 
2,059

Commercial business
3

 
94

 
94

 
9

 
1,309

 
1,309

One- to four-family residential
1

 
153

 
153

 
18

 
9,182

 
9,182

Consumer secured by one- to
     four-family

 

 

 
1

 
151

 
151

Consumer-other

 

 

 
3

 
220

 
220

 
19

 
$
5,688

 
$
5,688

 
65

 
$
27,133

 
$
27,133



(1) 
Since most loans were already considered classified and/or on nonaccrual status prior to restructuring, the modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s determination of the allowance for loan losses.
(2) 
The majority of these modifications do not fit into one separate type, such as rate, term, amount, interest-only or payment, but instead are a combination of multiple types of modifications; therefore, they are disclosed in aggregate.

The following table presents TDRs which incurred a payment default within twelve months of the restructure date during the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands).  A default on a TDR results in either a transfer to nonaccrual status or a partial charge-off:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Owner occupied
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,358

Commercial business
137

 

 
137

 

One- to four-family residential

 

 

 
559

Total
$
137

 
$

 
$
137

 
$
1,917



Credit Quality Indicators:  To appropriately and effectively manage the ongoing credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management has implemented a risk-rating or loan grading system for its loans.  The system is a tool to evaluate portfolio asset quality throughout each applicable loan’s life as an asset of the Company.  Generally, loans and leases are risk rated on an aggregate borrower/relationship basis with individual loans sharing similar ratings.  There are some instances when specific situations relating to individual loans will provide the basis for different risk ratings within the aggregate relationship.  Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9.  A description of the general characteristics of these categories is shown below:

Overall Risk Rating Definitions:  Risk-ratings contain both qualitative and quantitative measurements and take into account the financial strength of a borrower and the structure of the loan or lease.  Consequently, the definitions are to be applied in the context of each lending transaction and judgment must also be used to determine the appropriate risk rating, as it is not unusual for a loan or lease to exhibit characteristics of more than one risk-rating category.  Consideration for the final rating is centered in the borrower’s ability to repay, in a timely fashion, both principal and interest.  There were no material changes in the risk-rating or loan grading system in the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Risk Rating 1: Exceptional
A credit supported by exceptional financial strength, stability, and liquidity.  The risk rating of 1 is reserved for the Company’s top quality loans, generally reserved for investment grade credits underwritten to the standards of institutional credit providers.

Risk Rating 2: Excellent
A credit supported by excellent financial strength, stability and liquidity.  The risk rating of 2 is reserved for very strong and highly stable customers with ready access to alternative financing sources.

Risk Rating 3: Strong
A credit supported by good overall financial strength and stability.  Collateral margins are strong; cash flow is stable although susceptible to cyclical market changes.

Risk Rating 4: Acceptable
A credit supported by the borrower’s adequate financial strength and stability.  Assets and cash flow are reasonably sound and provide for orderly debt reduction.  Access to alternative financing sources will be more difficult to obtain.

Risk Rating 5: Watch
A credit with the characteristics of an acceptable credit which requires, however, more than the normal level of supervision and warrants formal quarterly management reporting.  Credits in this category are not yet criticized or classified, but due to adverse events or aspects of underwriting require closer than normal supervision. Generally, credits should be watch credits in most cases for six months or less as the impact of stress factors are analyzed.

Risk Rating 6: Special Mention
A credit with potential weaknesses that deserves management’s close attention is risk rated a 6.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses will result in deterioration in the capacity to repay debt.  A key distinction between Special Mention and Substandard is that in a Special Mention credit, there are identified weaknesses that pose potential risk(s) to the repayment sources, versus well defined weaknesses that pose risk(s) to the repayment sources.  Assets in this category are expected to be in this category no more than 9-12 months as the potential weaknesses in the credit are resolved.

Risk Rating 7: Substandard
A credit with well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the ability to repay in full is risk rated a 7.  These credits are inadequately protected by either the sound net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or the value of pledged collateral.  These are credits with a distinct possibility of loss.  Loans headed for foreclosure and/or legal action due to deterioration are rated 7 or worse.

Risk Rating 8: Doubtful
A credit with an extremely high probability of loss is risk rated 8.  These credits have all the same critical weaknesses that are found in a substandard loan; however, the weaknesses are elevated to the point that based upon current information, collection or liquidation in full is improbable.  While some loss on doubtful credits is expected, pending events may strengthen a credit making the amount and timing of any loss indeterminable.  In these situations taking the loss is inappropriate until it is clear that the pending event has failed to strengthen the credit and improve the capacity to repay debt.

Risk Rating 9: Loss
A credit that is considered to be currently uncollectible or of such little value that it is no longer a viable Bank asset is risk rated 9.  Losses should be taken in the accounting period in which the credit is determined to be uncollectible.  Taking a loss does not mean that a credit has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but, rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the credit, even though partial recovery may occur in the future.
The following table shows the Company’s portfolio of risk-rated loans and non-risk-rated loans by grade or other characteristics as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural
Business
 
One- to Four-
Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Total Loans
Risk-rated loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1)
$
1,084,540

 
$
126,360

 
$
313,108

 
$
611,668

 
$
212,012

 
$
527,655

 
$
279,908

 
$
3,155,251

Special mention
6,033

 

 
481

 
5,802

 
621

 

 
139

 
13,076

Substandard
30,981

 
7,410

 
20,023

 
18,179

 
10,554

 
15,608

 
3,801

 
106,556

Doubtful
544

 

 

 
9

 

 

 

 
553

Loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total loans
$
1,122,098

 
$
133,770

 
$
333,612

 
$
635,658

 
$
223,187

 
$
543,263

 
$
283,848

 
$
3,275,436

Performing loans
$
1,117,336

 
$
131,736

 
$
331,710

 
$
634,671

 
$
223,187

 
$
529,772

 
$
282,162

 
$
3,250,574

Non-performing loans (2)
4,762

 
2,034

 
1,902

 
987

 

 
13,491

 
1,686

 
24,862

Total loans
$
1,122,098

 
$
133,770

 
$
333,612

 
$
635,658

 
$
223,187

 
$
543,263

 
$
283,848

 
$
3,275,436

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Total Loans
Risk-rated loans:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1)
$
1,016,964

 
$
130,815

 
$
274,407

 
$
581,846

 
$
228,304

 
$
560,781

 
$
284,816

 
$
3,077,933

Special mention
14,332

 

 
3,146

 
7,905

 
713

 
438

 
148

 
26,682

Substandard
41,382

 
6,689

 
27,064

 
28,287

 
1,014

 
20,451

 
5,657

 
130,544

Doubtful
544

 

 

 
11

 

 

 

 
555

Loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total loans
$
1,073,222

 
$
137,504

 
$
304,617

 
$
618,049

 
$
230,031

 
$
581,670

 
$
290,621

 
$
3,235,714

Performing loans
$
1,066,643

 
$
137,504

 
$
300,945

 
$
613,299

 
$
230,031

 
$
565,829

 
$
287,073

 
$
3,201,324

Non-performing loans (2)
6,579

 

 
3,672

 
4,750

 

 
15,841

 
3,548

 
34,390

Total loans
$
1,073,222

 
$
137,504

 
$
304,617

 
$
618,049

 
$
230,031

 
$
581,670

 
$
290,621

 
$
3,235,714


(1) 
The Pass category includes some performing loans that are part of homogenous pools which are not individually risk-rated.  This includes all consumer loans, all one- to four-family residential loans and, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, in the commercial business category, $81 million and $77 million, respectively, of credit-scored small business loans.  As loans in these pools become non-performing, they are individually risk-rated.
(2) 
Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due greater than 90 days and on accrual status.
The following tables provide additional detail on the age analysis of the Company’s past due loans as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
Current
 
Total Loans
 
Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
2,374

 
$
1,675

 
$
1,386

 
$
5,435

 
$
502,906

 
$
508,341

 
$

Investment properties
92

 

 
1,499

 
1,591

 
612,166

 
613,757

 

Multifamily real estate

 

 
1,701

 
1,701

 
132,069

 
133,770

 
1,701

Commercial construction

 

 

 

 
18,730

 
18,730

 

Multifamily construction

 

 

 

 
33,888

 
33,888

 

One-to-four-family construction

 

 
910

 
910

 
193,277

 
194,187

 

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential

 

 
993

 
993

 
74,583

 
75,576

 
242

Commercial

 

 

 

 
11,231

 
11,231

 

Commercial business
421

 
57

 
516

 
994

 
634,664

 
635,658

 
24

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland

 
108

 

 
108

 
223,079

 
223,187

 

One- to four-family residential
1,042

 
5,129

 
7,558

 
13,729

 
529,534

 
543,263

 
2,774

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
459

 
749

 
283

 
1,491

 
168,528

 
170,019

 
23

Consumer—other
319

 
58

 
475

 
852

 
112,977

 
113,829

 
29

Total
$
4,707

 
$
7,776

 
$
15,321

 
$
27,804

 
$
3,247,632

 
$
3,275,436

 
$
4,793


 
December 31, 2012
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past
Due
 
Current
 
Total Loans
 
Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
1,693

 
$

 
$
1,371

 
$
3,064

 
$
486,517

 
$
489,581

 
$

Investment properties
743

 

 
1,431

 
2,174

 
581,467

 
583,641

 

Multifamily real estate

 

 

 

 
137,504

 
137,504

 

Commercial construction

 

 

 

 
30,229

 
30,229

 

Multifamily construction

 

 

 

 
22,581

 
22,581

 

One-to-four-family construction
611

 

 

 
611

 
160,204

 
160,815

 

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential

 

 
2,047

 
2,047

 
74,963

 
77,010

 

Commercial
2,083

 

 
45

 
2,128

 
11,854

 
13,982

 

Commercial business
1,849

 
49

 
842

 
2,740

 
615,309

 
618,049

 

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland

 

 

 

 
230,031

 
230,031

 

One-to four-family residential
1,376

 
3,468

 
11,488

 
16,332

 
565,338

 
581,670

 
2,877

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
699

 
74

 
1,204

 
1,977

 
168,146

 
170,123

 

Consumer—other
816

 
673

 
839

 
2,328

 
118,170

 
120,498

 
152

Total
$
9,870

 
$
4,264

 
$
19,267

 
$
33,401

 
$
3,202,313

 
$
3,235,714

 
$
3,029



The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
14,898

 
$
4,973

 
$
16,625

 
$
10,806

 
$
3,805

 
$
14,974

 
$
1,011

 
$
9,761

 
$
76,853

Provision for loan losses
1,239

 
310

 
(464
)
 
(223
)
 
(411
)
 
(1,599
)
 
43

 
1,105

 

Recoveries
331

 

 
507

 
339

 
265

 
19

 
68

 

 
1,529

Charge-offs
(850
)
 

 

 
(246
)
 
(248
)
 
(207
)
 
(174
)
 

 
(1,725
)
Ending balance
$
15,618

 
$
5,283

 
$
16,668

 
$
10,676

 
$
3,411

 
$
13,187

 
$
948

 
$
10,866

 
$
76,657

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
15,322

 
$
4,506

 
$
14,991

 
$
9,957

 
$
2,295

 
$
16,475

 
$
1,348

 
$
12,597

 
$
77,491

Provision for loan losses
(383
)
 
777

 
1,586

 
901

 
752

 
(2,166
)
 
264

 
(1,731
)
 

Recoveries
2,295

 

 
945

 
1,391

 
612

 
138

 
287

 

 
5,668

Charge-offs
(1,616
)
 

 
(854
)
 
(1,573
)
 
(248
)
 
(1,260
)
 
(951
)
 

 
(6,502
)
Ending balance
$
15,618

 
$
5,283

 
$
16,668

 
$
10,676

 
$
3,411

 
$
13,187

 
$
948

 
$
10,866

 
$
76,657

 
At September 30, 2013
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
 Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance individually evaluated for impairment
$
459

 
$
1,256

 
$
2,182

 
$
202

 
$

 
$
1,639

 
$
85

 
$

 
$
5,823

Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment
15,159

 
4,027

 
14,486

 
10,474

 
3,411

 
11,548

 
863

 
10,866

 
70,834

Total allowance for loan losses
$
15,618

 
$
5,283

 
$
16,668

 
$
10,676

 
$
3,411

 
$
13,187

 
$
948

 
$
10,866

 
$
76,657

 
At September 30, 2013
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and Unallocated
 
Total
Loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
9,137

 
$
5,810

 
$
13,613

 
$
1,115

 
$

 
$
28,711

 
$
1,139

 
$

 
$
59,525

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
1,112,961

 
127,960

 
319,999

 
634,543

 
223,187

 
514,552

 
282,709

 

 
3,215,911

Total loans
$
1,122,098

 
$
133,770

 
$
333,612

 
$
635,658

 
$
223,187

 
$
543,263

 
$
283,848

 
$

 
$
3,275,436


 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
16,834

 
$
5,108

 
$
16,974

 
$
12,352

 
$
1,294

 
$
14,213

 
$
1,365

 
$
12,081

 
$
80,221

Provision for loan losses
(263
)
 
(367
)
 
(628
)
 
(118
)
 
1,044

 
2,614

 
814

 
(96
)
 
3,000

Recoveries
130

 

 
35

 
154

 
30

 
34

 
91

 

 
474

Charge-offs
(924
)
 

 
(617
)
 
(1,687
)
 
(26
)
 
(709
)
 
(949
)
 

 
(4,912
)
Ending balance
$
15,777

 
$
4,741

 
$
15,764

 
$
10,701

 
$
2,342

 
$
16,152

 
$
1,321

 
$
11,985

 
$
78,783

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
16,457

 
$
3,952

 
$
18,184

 
$
15,159

 
$
1,548

 
$
12,299

 
$
1,253

 
$
14,060

 
$
82,912

Provision for loan losses
2,065

 
789

 
1,369

 
(97
)
 
1,050

 
7,021

 
1,878

 
(2,075
)
 
12,000

Recoveries
762

 

 
1,455

 
1,030

 
45

 
412

 
422

 

 
4,126

Charge-offs
(3,507
)
 

 
(5,244
)
 
(5,391
)
 
(301
)
 
(3,580
)
 
(2,232
)
 

 
(20,255
)
Ending balance
$
15,777

 
$
4,741

 
$
15,764

 
$
10,701

 
$
2,342

 
$
16,152

 
$
1,321

 
$
11,985

 
$
78,783

 
At September 30, 2012
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial
Business
 
Agricultural
business
 
One- to Four-
Family
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance individually evaluated for impairment
$
955

 
$
1,414

 
$
1,439

 
$
383

 
$

 
$
1,139

 
$
33

 
$

 
$
5,363

Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment
14,822

 
3,327

 
14,325

 
10,318

 
2,342

 
15,013

 
1,288

 
11,985

 
73,420

Total allowance for loan losses
$
15,777

 
$
4,741

 
$
15,764

 
$
10,701

 
$
2,342

 
$
16,152

 
$
1,321

 
$
11,985

 
$
78,783

 
At September 30, 2012
 
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
 
Multifamily
 
Construction and Land
 
 
Commercial Business
 
 
Agricultural business
 
 One- to Four-
Family
 
 
Consumer
 
Commitments and Unallocated
 
 
Total
Loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
11,867

 
$
5,000

 
$
14,020

 
$
6,115

 
$

 
$
20,719

 
$
1,026

 
$

 
$
58,747

Loans collectively evaluated for  impairment
1,070,269

 
133,716

 
286,775

 
597,491

 
219,084

 
573,694

 
273,747

 

 
3,154,776

Total loans
$
1,082,136

 
$
138,716

 
$
300,795

 
$
603,606

 
$
219,084

 
$
594,413

 
$
274,773

 
$

 
$
3,213,523