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LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The Banks originate residential mortgage loans for both portfolio investment and sale in the secondary market. At the time of origination, mortgage loans are designated as held for sale or held for investment. Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or estimated market value determined on an aggregate basis. Net unrealized losses on loans held for sale are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. The Banks also originate construction, land and land development, commercial and multifamily real estate, commercial business, agricultural business and consumer loans for portfolio investment. Loans receivable not designated as held for sale are recorded at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred fees and origination costs, and discounts and premiums.  Loans acquired in business combinations are recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. Premiums, discounts and deferred loan fees and origination costs are amortized to maturity using the level-yield methodology.

Interest is accrued as earned unless management doubts the collectability of the loan or the unpaid interest. Interest accruals are generally discontinued when loans become 90 days past due for scheduled interest payments. All previously accrued but uncollected interest is deducted from interest income upon transfer to nonaccrual status. Future collection of interest is included in interest income based upon an assessment of the likelihood that the loans will be repaid or recovered. A loan may be put on nonaccrual status sooner than this policy would dictate if, in management’s judgment, the loan may be uncollectable. Such interest is then recognized as income only if it is ultimately collected.
Loans receivable, including loans held for sale, at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Amount
 
Percent of Total
 
Amount
 
Percent of Total
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
627,531

 
15.3
%
 
$
546,783

 
14.3
%
Investment properties
936,693

 
22.8

 
856,942

 
22.3

Multifamily real estate
208,687

 
5.1

 
167,524

 
4.4

Commercial construction
30,434

 
0.7

 
17,337

 
0.4

Multifamily construction
56,201

 
1.4

 
60,193

 
1.6

One- to four-family construction
228,224

 
5.5

 
219,889

 
5.7

Land and land development:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Residential
98,930

 
2.4

 
102,435

 
2.7

Commercial
17,174

 
0.4

 
11,152

 
0.3

Commercial business
776,579

 
18.9

 
723,964

 
18.9

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
208,635

 
5.1

 
238,499

 
6.2

One- to four-family residential
552,423

 
13.4

 
539,894

 
14.1

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
233,643

 
5.7

 
222,205

 
5.8

Consumer-other
139,664

 
3.3

 
127,003

 
3.3

Total loans outstanding
4,114,818

 
100.0
%
 
3,833,820

 
100.0
%
Less allowance for loan losses
(75,365
)
 
 

 
(75,907
)
 
 

Net loans
$
4,039,453

 
 

 
$
3,757,913

 
 



Loan amounts are net of unearned loan fees in excess of unamortized costs of $10.6 million as of March 31, 2015 and $5.8 million as of December 31, 2014. Net loans include net discounts on acquired loans of $5.0 million and $148,000 as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

The Company’s total loans by geographic concentration at March 31, 2015 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Washington
 
Oregon
 
Idaho
 
Other
 
Total
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
392,416

 
$
158,137

 
$
56,696

 
$
20,282

 
$
627,531

Investment properties
527,257

 
184,038

 
60,160

 
165,238

 
936,693

Multifamily real estate
119,166

 
74,536

 
14,672

 
313

 
208,687

Commercial construction
26,783

 
1,663

 
1,988

 

 
30,434

Multifamily construction
47,857

 
6,990

 
1,354

 

 
56,201

One- to four-family construction
130,366

 
95,262

 
2,596

 

 
228,224

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
53,476

 
43,737

 
1,042

 
675

 
98,930

Commercial
6,194

 
8,164

 
2,816

 

 
17,174

Commercial business
429,680

 
144,751

 
82,825

 
119,323

 
776,579

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
108,464

 
59,837

 
40,292

 
42

 
208,635

One- to four-family residential
336,332

 
189,572

 
25,778

 
741

 
552,423

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
142,461

 
74,669

 
15,499

 
1,014

 
233,643

Consumer—other
83,021

 
50,042

 
6,222

 
379

 
139,664

Total loans
$
2,403,473

 
$
1,091,398

 
$
311,940

 
$
308,007

 
$
4,114,818

Percent of total loans
58.4
%
 
26.5
%
 
7.6
%
 
7.5
%
 
100.0
%


The geographic concentrations of the Company’s land and land development loans by state at March 31, 2015 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Washington
 
Oregon
 
Idaho
 
Other
 
Total
Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition and development
$
29,923

 
$
25,033

 
$
910

 
$

 
$
55,866

Improved land and lots
20,511

 
15,114

 
141

 
675

 
36,441

Unimproved land
3,034

 
3,589

 

 

 
6,623

Commercial:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Improved land and lots
3,414

 
5,865

 
1,781

 

 
11,060

Unimproved land
2,780

 
2,299

 
1,035

 

 
6,114

Total land and land development loans
$
59,662

 
$
51,900

 
$
3,867

 
$
675

 
$
116,104

Percent of land and land development loans
51.4
%
 
44.7
%
 
3.3
%
 
0.6
%
 
100.0
%


The Company originates both adjustable- and fixed-rate loans.  The maturity and repricing composition of those loans, less undisbursed amounts and deferred fees and origination costs, at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015

 
December 31, 2014

Fixed-rate (term to maturity):
 
 
 
Maturing in one year or less
$
145,752

 
$
115,571

Maturing after one year through three years
193,168

 
184,707

Maturing after three years through five years
192,141

 
180,449

Maturing after five years through ten years
251,516

 
240,742

Maturing after ten years
611,185

 
572,793

Total fixed-rate loans
1,393,762

 
1,294,262

Adjustable-rate (term to rate adjustment):
 

 
 

Maturing or repricing in one year or less
1,509,680

 
1,468,316

Maturing or repricing after one year through three years
527,346

 
416,433

Maturing or repricing after three years through five years
595,531

 
566,371

Maturing or repricing after five years through ten years
87,572

 
87,506

Maturing or repricing after ten years
927

 
932

Total adjustable-rate loans
2,721,056

 
2,539,558

Total loans
$
4,114,818

 
$
3,833,820



The adjustable-rate loans have interest rate adjustment limitations and are generally indexed to various prime or London Inter-bank Offering Rate (LIBOR) rates, One to Five Year Constant Maturity Treasury Indices or FHLB advance rates.  Future market factors may affect the correlation of the interest rate adjustment with the rates the Banks pay on the short-term deposits that were primarily utilized to fund these loans.

Impaired Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and circumstances, the Company determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments.  Impaired loans are comprised of loans on nonaccrual, troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) that are performing under their restructured terms, and loans that are 90 days or more past due, but are still on accrual.

Troubled Debt Restructures. Some of the Company’s loans are reported as TDRs.  Loans are reported as TDRs when the bank grants one or more concessions to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions include forgiveness of principal or accrued interest, extending the maturity date(s) or providing a lower interest rate than would be normally available for a transaction of similar risk.  Our TDRs have generally not involved forgiveness of amounts due, but almost always include a modification of multiple factors; the most common combination includes interest rate, payment amount and maturity date. As a result of these concessions, restructured loans are impaired as the Company will not collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, in accordance with the terms of the original loan agreement.  Loans identified as TDRs are accounted for in accordance with the Company's impaired loan accounting policies.

Purchased loans, including loans acquired in business combinations, are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan and lease losses is not recorded at the acquisition date. Acquired loans are evaluated upon acquisition and classified as either purchased credit-impaired or purchased non-credit-impaired. Purchased credit-impaired loans reflect credit deterioration since origination such that it is probable at acquisition that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The outstanding contractual unpaid principal balance of purchased credit-impaired loans, excluding acquisition accounting adjustments, was $9.1 million at March 31, 2015. The carrying balance of purchased credit-impaired loans was $5.7 million at March 31, 2015. There were no purchased credit-impaired loans at December 31, 2014 or March 31, 2014.
The following table presents the changes in the accretable yield for purchased credit-impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31
 
2015
 
2014
Balance, beginning of period
$

 
$

Additions
2,239

 

Accretion to interest income
(35
)
 

Disposals

 

Reclassifications from non-accretable difference

 

Balance, end of period
$
2,204

 
$



As of March 31, 2015, the non-accretable difference between the contractually required payments and cash flows expected to be collected was $3.2 million.

The amount of impaired loans, including purchased credit-impaired loans, and the related allocated reserve for loan losses as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Loan Amount
 
Allocated Reserves
 
Loan Amount
 
Allocated Reserves
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
3,734

 
$
35

 
$
1,365

 
$
20

Investment properties
407

 
66

 
32

 
5

Multifamily real estate
578

 

 

 

One- to four-family construction
1,388

 

 

 

Land and land development:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
1,265

 

 
1,275

 

Commercial
4,870

 

 

 

Commercial business
418

 
44

 
537

 
46

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
1,566

 
66

 
1,597

 
26

One- to four-family residential
7,111

 
15

 
8,507

 
35

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
951

 
38

 
838

 
47

Consumer—other
892

 

 
411

 

Total nonaccrual loans
23,180

 
264

 
14,562

 
179

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family residential
1,548

 
10

 
2,095

 
10

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
6

 

 
80

 

Consumer—other
1

 

 

 

Total loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
1,555

 
10

 
2,175

 
10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Troubled debt restructuring on accrual status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
183

 
4

 
184

 
4

Investment properties
5,981

 
640

 
6,021

 
724

Multifamily real estate
781

 
83

 
786

 
86

One- to four-family construction
2,772

 
454

 
3,923

 
640

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
1,279

 
354

 
1,279

 
346

Commercial business
724

 
78

 
739

 
82

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
289

 
3

 

 

One- to four-family residential
15,127

 
916

 
15,792

 
987

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
232

 
24

 
233

 
28

Consumer—other
190

 
6

 
197

 
6

Total troubled debt restructurings on accrual status
27,558

 
2,562

 
29,154

 
2,903

Total impaired loans
$
52,293

 
$
2,836

 
$
45,891

 
$
3,092



As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had commitments to advance funds related to TDRs up to additional amounts of $587,000 and $2.1 million, respectively.

The following tables provide additional information on impaired loans with and without specific allowance reserves at or for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and at or for the year ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
At or For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Related Allowance
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Without a specific allowance reserve (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
940

 
$
990

 
$
34

 
$
946

 
$

Investment properties
407

 
407

 
66

 
495

 

Commercial business
418

 
631

 
44

 
443

 

Agricultural business/farmland
1,566

 
2,192

 
66

 
2,032

 

One- to four-family residential
7,750

 
8,407

 
16

 
7,764

 
6

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
824

 
899

 
3

 
842

 

Consumer—other
303

 
313

 

 
307

 

 
12,208

 
13,839

 
229

 
12,829

 
6

With a specific allowance reserve (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
2,977

 
2,977

 
3

 
1,752

 
3

Investment properties
5,981

 
6,386

 
641

 
5,995

 
77

Multifamily real estate
1,359

 
1,359

 
84

 
975

 
11

One- to-four family construction
4,160

 
4,197

 
454

 
3,097

 
31

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
2,543

 
3,698

 
354

 
2,547

 
16

Commercial
4,870

 
5,445

 

 
1,624

 

Commercial business
725

 
725

 
78

 
729

 
9

Agricultural business/farmland
289

 
289

 
3

 
285

 
5

One- to four-family residential
16,036

 
16,799

 
925

 
16,261

 
198

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
365

 
365

 
59

 
367

 
3

Consumer—other
780

 
915

 
6

 
466

 
4

 
40,085

 
43,155

 
2,607

 
34,098

 
357

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
3,917

 
3,967

 
37

 
2,698

 
3

Investment properties
6,388

 
6,793

 
707

 
6,490

 
77

Multifamily real estate
1,359

 
1,359

 
84

 
975

 
11

One- to four-family construction
4,160

 
4,197

 
454

 
3,097

 
31

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
2,543

 
3,698

 
354

 
2,547

 
16

Commercial
4,870

 
5,445

 

 
1,624

 

Commercial business
1,143

 
1,356

 
122

 
1,172

 
9

Agricultural business/farmland
1,855

 
2,481

 
69

 
2,317

 
5

One- to four-family residential
23,786

 
25,206

 
941

 
24,025

 
204

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
1,189

 
1,264

 
62

 
1,209

 
3

Consumer—other
1,083

 
1,228

 
6

 
773

 
4

 
$
52,293

 
$
56,994

 
$
2,836

 
$
46,927

 
$
363

 
At or For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Related Allowance
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Without a specific allowance reserve (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
399

 
$
449

 
$
20

 
$
526

 
$

Investment properties
32

 
32

 
5

 
44

 

Commercial business
537

 
763

 
46

 
566

 

Agricultural business/farmland
853

 
853

 
26

 
1,122

 

One- to four-family residential
8,546

 
9,244

 
18

 
7,284

 
29

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
783

 
888

 
11

 
838

 
3

Consumer—other
295

 
305

 

 
270

 

 
11,445

 
12,534

 
126

 
10,650

 
32

With a specific allowance reserve (2)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
1,149

 
1,149

 
4

 
1,315

 
12

Investment properties
6,022

 
6,426

 
724

 
6,101

 
315

Multifamily real estate
786

 
786

 
86

 
795

 
45

One- to-four family construction
3,923

 
3,923

 
640

 
2,655

 
118

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
2,554

 
3,710

 
346

 
2,872

 
89

Commercial business
739

 
739

 
82

 
762

 
41

Agricultural business/farmland
744

 
744

 

 
744

 

One- to four-family residential
17,848

 
18,611

 
1,014

 
18,809

 
841

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
368

 
368

 
64

 
410

 
16

Consumer—other
313

 
329

 
6

 
327

 
19

 
34,446

 
36,785

 
2,966

 
34,790

 
1,496

Total
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
1,548

 
1,598

 
24

 
1,841

 
12

Investment properties
6,054

 
6,458

 
729

 
6,145

 
315

Multifamily real estate
786

 
786

 
86

 
795

 
45

One- to four-family construction
3,923

 
3,923

 
640

 
2,655

 
118

Land and land development
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
2,554

 
3,710

 
346

 
2,872

 
89

Commercial business
1,276

 
1,502

 
128

 
1,328

 
41

Agricultural business/farmland
1,597

 
1,597

 
26

 
1,866

 

One- to four-family residential
26,394

 
27,855

 
1,032

 
26,093

 
870

Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
1,151

 
1,256

 
75

 
1,248

 
19

Consumer—other
608

 
634

 
6

 
597

 
19

 
$
45,891

 
$
49,319

 
$
3,092

 
$
45,440

 
$
1,528



(1) 
Loans without a specific allowance reserve have not been individually evaluated for impairment, but have been included in pools of homogeneous loans for evaluation of related allowance reserves.
(2) 
Loans with a specific allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals less costs to sell to establish realizable value.  These analyses may identify a specific impairment amount needed or may conclude that no reserve is needed.  Any specific impairment that is identified is included in the category’s Related Allowance column.

The following tables present TDRs at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015
 
Accrual
Status
 
Nonaccrual
Status
 
Total
TDRs
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
183

 
$
108

 
$
291

Investment properties
5,981

 
26

 
6,007

Multifamily real estate
781

 

 
781

One- to four-family construction
2,772

 

 
2,772

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
1,279

 
514

 
1,793

Commercial business
724

 
82

 
806

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
289

 

 
289

One- to four-family residential
15,127

 
1,404

 
16,531

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
232

 
115

 
347

Consumer—other
190

 
116

 
306

 
$
27,558

 
$
2,365

 
$
29,923


 
December 31, 2014
 
Accrual
Status
 
Nonaccrual
Status
 
Total
TDRs
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
183

 
$
109

 
$
292

Investment properties
6,021

 
32

 
6,053

Multifamily real estate
786

 

 
786

One- to four-family construction
3,923

 

 
3,923

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
1,279

 
525

 
1,804

Commercial business
739

 
87

 
826

One- to four-family residential
15,793

 
1,363

 
17,156

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
233

 
117

 
350

Consumer—other
197

 
116

 
313

 
$
29,154

 
$
2,349

 
$
31,503



The following tables present new TDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-modification Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-modification Outstanding
Recorded Investment
Recorded Investment (1) (2)
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four-family construction
2

 
592

 
592

Agricultural business/farmland
2

 
288

 
288

 
4

 
$
880

 
$
880

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
 
Number of
Contracts
 
Pre-modification Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-modification Outstanding
Recorded Investment
Recorded Investment (1) (2)
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate
 

 
 

 
 

Owner-occupied
1

 
$
94

 
$
94

Commercial business
1

 
100

 
100

 
2

 
$
194

 
$
194



(1) 
Since these loans were already considered classified and/or on nonaccrual status prior to restructuring, the modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s determination of the allowance for loan losses.
(2) 
The majority of these modifications do not fit into one separate type, such as rate, term, amount, interest-only or payment, but instead are a combination of multiple types of modifications; therefore, they are disclosed in aggregate.

There were no TDRs which incurred a payment default within twelve months of the restructure date during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.  A default on a TDR results in either a transfer to nonaccrual status or a partial charge-off.
 
 
 
 


Credit Quality Indicators:  To appropriately and effectively manage the ongoing credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management has implemented a risk-rating or loan grading system for its loans.  The system is a tool to evaluate portfolio asset quality throughout each applicable loan’s life as an asset of the Company.  Generally, loans and leases are risk rated on an aggregate borrower/relationship basis with individual loans sharing similar ratings.  There are some instances when specific situations relating to individual loans will provide the basis for different risk ratings within the aggregate relationship.  Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9.  A description of the general characteristics of these categories is shown below:

Overall Risk Rating Definitions:  Risk-ratings contain both qualitative and quantitative measurements and take into account the financial strength of a borrower and the structure of the loan or lease.  Consequently, the definitions are to be applied in the context of each lending transaction and judgment must also be used to determine the appropriate risk rating, as it is not unusual for a loan or lease to exhibit characteristics of more than one risk-rating category.  Consideration for the final rating is centered in the borrower’s ability to repay, in a timely fashion, both principal and interest.  There were no material changes in the risk-rating or loan grading system in the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Risk Rating 1: Exceptional
A credit supported by exceptional financial strength, stability, and liquidity.  The risk rating of 1 is reserved for the Company’s top quality loans, generally reserved for investment grade credits underwritten to the standards of institutional credit providers.

Risk Rating 2: Excellent
A credit supported by excellent financial strength, stability and liquidity.  The risk rating of 2 is reserved for very strong and highly stable customers with ready access to alternative financing sources.

Risk Rating 3: Strong
A credit supported by good overall financial strength and stability.  Collateral margins are strong; cash flow is stable although susceptible to cyclical market changes.

Risk Rating 4: Acceptable
A credit supported by the borrower’s adequate financial strength and stability.  Assets and cash flow are reasonably sound and provide for orderly debt reduction.  Access to alternative financing sources will be more difficult to obtain.

Risk Rating 5: Watch
A credit with the characteristics of an acceptable credit which requires, however, more than the normal level of supervision and warrants formal quarterly management reporting.  Credits in this category are not yet criticized or classified, but due to adverse events or aspects of underwriting require closer than normal supervision. Generally, credits should be watch credits in most cases for six months or less as the impact of stress factors are analyzed.

Risk Rating 6: Special Mention
A credit with potential weaknesses that deserves management’s close attention is risk rated a 6.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses will result in deterioration in the capacity to repay debt.  A key distinction between Special Mention and Substandard is that in a Special Mention credit, there are identified weaknesses that pose potential risk(s) to the repayment sources, versus well defined weaknesses that pose risk(s) to the repayment sources.  Assets in this category are expected to be in this category no more than 9-12 months as the potential weaknesses in the credit are resolved.

Risk Rating 7: Substandard
A credit with well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the ability to repay in full is risk rated a 7.  These credits are inadequately protected by either the sound net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or the value of pledged collateral.  These are credits with a distinct possibility of loss.  Loans headed for foreclosure and/or legal action due to deterioration are rated 7 or worse.

Risk Rating 8: Doubtful
A credit with an extremely high probability of loss is risk rated 8.  These credits have all the same critical weaknesses that are found in a substandard loan; however, the weaknesses are elevated to the point that based upon current information, collection or liquidation in full is improbable.  While some loss on doubtful credits is expected, pending events may strengthen a credit making the amount and timing of any loss indeterminable.  In these situations taking the loss is inappropriate until it is clear that the pending event has failed to strengthen the credit and improve the capacity to repay debt.

Risk Rating 9: Loss
A credit that is considered to be currently uncollectible or of such little value that it is no longer a viable Bank asset is risk rated 9.  Losses should be taken in the accounting period in which the credit is determined to be uncollectible.  Taking a loss does not mean that a credit has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but, rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the credit, even though partial recovery may occur in the future.
The following table shows the Company’s portfolio of risk-rated loans and non-risk-rated loans by grade or other characteristics as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Total Loans
Risk-rated loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1)
$
1,533,181

 
$
206,791

 
$
410,039

 
$
742,040

 
$
199,436

 
$
540,693

 
$
369,465

 
$
4,001,645

Special mention
5,156

 

 

 
26,776

 
818

 
691

 
219

 
33,660

Substandard
25,887

 
1,896

 
20,924

 
7,763

 
8,381

 
11,039

 
3,611

 
79,501

Doubtful

 

 

 

 

 

 
12

 
12

Total loans
$
1,564,224

 
$
208,687

 
$
430,963

 
$
776,579

 
$
208,635

 
$
552,423

 
$
373,307

 
$
4,114,818

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing loans
$
1,560,083

 
$
208,109

 
$
423,441

 
$
776,161

 
$
207,069

 
$
543,764

 
$
371,456

 
$
4,090,083

Non-performing loans (2)
4,141

 
578

 
7,522

 
418

 
1,566

 
8,659

 
1,851

 
24,735

Total loans
$
1,564,224

 
$
208,687

 
$
430,963

 
$
776,579

 
$
208,635

 
$
552,423

 
$
373,307

 
$
4,114,818

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Total Loans
Risk-rated loans:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1)
$
1,375,885

 
$
166,712

 
$
395,356

 
$
691,143

 
$
234,101

 
$
527,384

 
$
346,456

 
$
3,737,037

Special mention
3,717

 

 

 
27,453

 
1,055

 
63

 
140

 
32,428

Substandard
24,123

 
812

 
15,650

 
5,368

 
3,343

 
12,447

 
2,601

 
64,344

Doubtful

 

 

 

 

 

 
11

 
11

Total loans
$
1,403,725

 
$
167,524

 
$
411,006

 
$
723,964

 
$
238,499

 
$
539,894

 
$
349,208

 
$
3,833,820

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing loans
$
1,402,328

 
$
167,524

 
$
409,731

 
$
723,427

 
$
236,902

 
$
529,292

 
$
347,879

 
$
3,817,083

Non-performing loans (2)
1,397

 

 
1,275

 
537

 
1,597

 
10,602

 
1,329

 
16,737

Total loans
$
1,403,725

 
$
167,524

 
$
411,006

 
$
723,964

 
$
238,499

 
$
539,894

 
$
349,208

 
$
3,833,820


(1) 
The Pass category includes some performing loans that are part of homogenous pools which are not individually risk-rated.  This includes all consumer loans, all one- to four-family residential loans and, as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, in the commercial business category, $120 million and $115 million, respectively, of credit-scored small business loans.  As loans in these pools become non-performing, they are individually risk-rated.
(2) 
Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due greater than 90 days and on accrual status.

The following tables provide additional detail on the age analysis of the Company’s past due loans as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2015
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More
Past Due
 
Total
Past Due
 
Current
 
Total Loans
 
Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$
2,254

 
$
1,589

 
$
815

 
$
4,658

 
$
622,873

 
$
627,531

 
$

Investment properties

 

 
910

 
910

 
935,783

 
936,693

 

Multifamily real estate

 

 
578

 
578

 
208,109

 
208,687

 

Commercial construction

 

 

 

 
30,434

 
30,434

 

Multifamily construction

 

 

 

 
56,201

 
56,201

 

One-to-four-family construction
1,494

 

 

 
1,494

 
226,730

 
228,224

 

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential

 

 
750

 
750

 
98,180

 
98,930

 

Commercial

 

 
1,225

 
1,225

 
15,949

 
17,174

 

Commercial business
350

 
63

 

 
413

 
776,166

 
776,579

 

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
803

 
395

 
1,021

 
2,219

 
206,416

 
208,635

 

One- to four-family residential
897

 
943

 
5,279

 
7,119

 
545,304

 
552,423

 
1,548

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
431

 
103

 
121

 
655

 
232,988

 
233,643

 
6

Consumer—other
378

 
86

 
697

 
1,161

 
138,503

 
139,664

 
1

Total
$
6,607

 
$
3,179

 
$
11,396

 
$
21,182

 
$
4,093,636

 
$
4,114,818

 
$
1,555


 
December 31, 2014
 
30-59 Days
Past Due
 
60-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More
Past Due
 
Total
Past Due
 
Current
 
Total Loans
 
Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owner-occupied
$

 
$
1,984

 
$

 
$
1,984

 
$
544,799

 
$
546,783

 
$

Investment properties
639

 

 

 
639

 
856,303

 
856,942

 

Multifamily real estate

 

 

 

 
167,524

 
167,524

 

Commercial construction

 

 

 

 
17,337

 
17,337

 

Multifamily construction

 

 

 

 
60,193

 
60,193

 

One-to-four-family construction
840

 

 

 
840

 
219,049

 
219,889

 

Land and land development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
759

 

 
750

 
1,509

 
100,926

 
102,435

 

Commercial

 

 

 

 
11,152

 
11,152

 

Commercial business
775

 
35

 
100

 
910

 
723,054

 
723,964

 

Agricultural business, including secured by farmland
597

 
466

 
744

 
1,807

 
236,692

 
238,499

 

One-to four-family residential
877

 
1,623

 
7,526

 
10,026

 
529,868

 
539,894

 
2,095

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer secured by one- to four-family
59

 
60

 
139

 
258

 
221,947

 
222,205

 
80

Consumer—other
491

 
88

 
293

 
872

 
126,131

 
127,003

 

Total
$
5,037

 
$
4,256

 
$
9,552

 
$
18,845

 
$
3,814,975

 
$
3,833,820

 
$
2,175



The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
18,784

 
$
4,562

 
$
23,545

 
$
12,043

 
$
2,821

 
$
8,447

 
$
483

 
$
5,222

 
$
75,907

Provision for loan losses
305

 
(161
)
 
745

 
778

 
1,434

 
(237
)
 
245

 
(3,109
)
 

Recoveries
14

 

 
108

 
178

 
295

 
6

 
46

 

 
647

Charge-offs

 

 

 
(107
)
 
(818
)
 
(75
)
 
(189
)
 

 
(1,189
)
Ending balance
$
19,103

 
$
4,401

 
$
24,398

 
$
12,892

 
$
3,732

 
$
8,141

 
$
585

 
$
2,113

 
$
75,365


 
March 31, 2015
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance individually evaluated for impairment
$
643

 
$
84

 
$
808

 
$
78

 
$
3

 
$
925

 
$
65

 
$

 
$
2,606

Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment
18,460

 
4,317

 
23,590

 
12,814

 
3,729

 
7,216

 
520

 
2,113

 
72,759

Total allowance for loan losses
$
19,103

 
$
4,401

 
$
24,398

 
$
12,892

 
$
3,732

 
$
8,141

 
$
585

 
$
2,113

 
$
75,365

Loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
8,958

 
$
1,359

 
$
11,573

 
$
725

 
$
289

 
$
16,036

 
$
1,145

 
$

 
$
40,085

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
1,550,691

 
207,328

 
419,390

 
775,854

 
208,346

 
535,295

 
372,155

 

 
4,069,059

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
4,575

 

 

 

 

 
1,092

 
7

 

 
5,674

Total loans
$
1,564,224

 
$
208,687

 
$
430,963

 
$
776,579

 
$
208,635

 
$
552,423

 
$
373,307

 
$

 
$
4,114,818


 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
 
Commercial
 Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
16,759

 
$
5,306

 
$
17,640

 
$
11,773

 
$
2,841

 
$
11,486

 
$
1,335

 
$
7,118

 
$
74,258

Provision for loan losses
595

 
346

 
748

 
35

 
(555
)
 
(382
)
 
(532
)
 
(255
)
 

Recoveries
296

 

 
232

 
293

 
350

 
188

 
282

 

 
1,641

Charge-offs
(238
)
 

 

 
(738
)
 

 
(379
)
 
(173
)
 

 
(1,528
)
Ending balance
$
17,412

 
$
5,652

 
$
18,620

 
$
11,363

 
$
2,636

 
$
10,913

 
$
912

 
$
6,863

 
$
74,371


 
March 31, 2014
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multifamily
Real Estate
 
Construction and Land
 
Commercial Business
 
Agricultural Business
 
One- to Four-Family Residential
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
Allowance individually evaluated for impairment
$
574

 
$
1,059

 
$
1,521

 
$
159

 
$

 
$
1,292

 
$
88

 
$

 
$
4,693

Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment
16,838

 
4,593

 
17,099

 
11,204

 
2,636

 
9,621

 
824

 
6,863

 
69,678

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for loan losses
$
17,412

 
$
5,652

 
$
18,620

 
$
11,363

 
$
2,636

 
$
10,913

 
$
912

 
$
6,863

 
$
74,371

Loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
10,063

 
$
5,726

 
$
10,133

 
$
1,040

 
$

 
$
24,959

 
$
1,088

 
$

 
$
53,009

Loans collectively evaluated for  impairment
1,241,036

 
147,277

 
368,641

 
715,506

 
208,817

 
492,662

 
295,964

 

 
3,469,903

Total loans
$
1,251,099

 
$
153,003

 
$
378,774

 
$
716,546

 
$
208,817

 
$
517,621

 
$
297,052

 
$

 
$
3,522,912