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Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE)
(Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE)
 
Fair Value of Financial Liabilities Recorded at the Carrying Amount
The following tables present the carrying amounts and fair values of the Registrants’ short-term liabilities, long-term debt, SNF obligation, and trust preferred securities (long-term debt to financing trusts or junior subordinated debentures) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Exelon
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
Short-term liabilities
$
536

 
$
3


$
533


$

 
$
536

 
$
463

 
$
463

Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) (a)
25,145

 
931


23,644


1,349

 
25,924

 
21,014

 
22,936

Long-term debt to financing trusts (b)
641

 




673

 
673

 
641

 
648

SNF obligation
1,021

 


818



 
818

 
1,021

 
833


Generation
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
Short-term liabilities
$
29

 
$


$
29


$

 
$
29

 
$
36

 
$
36

Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) (a)
8,959

 


7,767


1,349

 
9,116

 
8,196

 
8,822

SNF obligation
1,021

 


818



 
818

 
1,021

 
833


ComEd
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
Short-term liabilities
$
294

 
$


$
294


$

 
$
294

 
$
304

 
$
304

Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) (a)
6,509

 


7,069



 
7,069

 
5,925

 
6,788

Long-term debt to financing trusts (b)
205

 




213

 
213

 
205

 
213


PECO
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) (a)
$
2,580

 
$


$
2,786


$

 
$
2,786

 
$
2,232

 
$
2,537

Long-term debt to financing trusts
184

 




195

 
195

 
184

 
199

 

BGE
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
Short-term liabilities
$
213

 
$
3


$
210


$

 
$
213

 
$
123

 
$
123

Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year) (a)
1,858

 


2,044



 
2,044

 
1,932

 
2,178

Long-term debt to financing trusts (b)
252

 




264

 
264

 
252

 
236


_____________________
(a)
Includes unamortized debt issuance costs of $180 million, $70 million, $38 million, $15 million and $9 million for Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE, respectively, at December 31, 2015 and $150 million, $70 million, $33 million, $14 million and $10 million at December 31, 2014.
(b)
Includes unamortized debt issuance costs of $7 million, $1 million and $6 million for Exelon, ComEd and BGE, respectively, at both December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Short-Term Liabilities. The short-term liabilities included in the tables above are comprised of dividends payable (included in other current liabilities) (Level 1), short-term borrowings (Level 2) and third party financing (Level 3). The Registrants’ carrying amounts of the short-term liabilities are representative of fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Long-Term Debt. The fair value amounts of Exelon’s taxable debt securities (Level 2) are determined by a valuation model that is based on a conventional discounted cash flow methodology and utilizes assumptions of current market pricing curves. In order to incorporate the credit risk of the Registrants into the discount rates, Exelon obtains pricing (i.e., U.S. Treasury rate plus credit spread) based on trades of existing Exelon debt securities as well as debt securities of other issuers in the electric utility sector with similar credit ratings in both the primary and secondary market, across the Registrants’ debt maturity spectrum. The credit spreads of various tenors obtained from this information are added to the appropriate benchmark U.S. Treasury rates in order to determine the current market yields for the various tenors. The yields are then converted into discount rates of various tenors that are used for discounting the respective cash flows of the same tenor for each bond or note. The fair value of Exelon's equity units (Level 1) are valued based on publicly traded securities issued by Exelon.

The fair value of Generation’s non-government-backed fixed rate nonrecourse debt (Level 3) is based on market and quoted prices for its own and other nonrecourse debt with similar risk profiles. Given the low trading volume in the nonrecourse debt market, the price quotes used to determine fair value will reflect certain qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, new developments that might significantly impact the project cash flows or off-taker credit, and other circumstances related to the project (e.g., political and regulatory environment). The fair value of Generation’s government-backed fixed rate project financing debt (Level 3) is largely based on a discounted cash flow methodology that is similar to the taxable debt securities methodology described above.  Due to the lack of market trading data on similar debt, the discount rates are derived based on the original loan interest rate spread to the applicable Treasury rate as well as a current market curve derived from government-backed securities.  Variable rate project financing debt resets on a quarterly basis and the carrying value approximates fair value (Level 2). Generation also has tax-exempt debt (Level 2). Due to low trading volume in this market, qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, and circumstances related to the issuer (e.g., conduit issuer political and regulatory environment), may be incorporated into the credit spreads that are used to obtain the fair value as described above.

SNF Obligation. The carrying amount of Generation’s SNF obligation (Level 2) is derived from a contract with the DOE to provide for disposal of SNF from Generation’s nuclear generating stations. When determining the fair value of the obligation, the future carrying amount of the SNF obligation estimated to be settled in 2025 is calculated by compounding the current book value of the SNF obligation at the 13-week Treasury rate. The compounded obligation amount is discounted back to present value using Generation’s discount rate, which is calculated using the same methodology as described above for the taxable debt securities, and an estimated maturity date of 2025.

Long-Term Debt to Financing Trusts. Exelon’s long-term debt to financing trusts is valued based on publicly traded securities issued by the financing trusts. Due to low trading volume of these securities, qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, and circumstances related to each issue, this debt is classified as Level 3.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Exelon records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with the hierarchy established by the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Registrants have the ability to liquidate as of the reporting date.

Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.

Level 3—unobservable inputs, such as internally developed pricing models or third-party valuations for the asset or liability due to little or no market activity for the asset or liability.
Transfers in and out of levels are recognized as of the end of the reporting period when the transfer occurred. Given derivatives categorized within Level 1 are valued using exchange-based quoted prices within observable periods, transfers between Level 2 and Level 1 were not material. Transfers into Level 2 from Level 3 generally occur when the contract tenure becomes more observable. Transfers into Level 3 from Level 2 generally occur due to changes in market liquidity or assumptions for certain commodity contracts. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2015 for cash equivalents, nuclear decommissioning trust fund investments, pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning, Rabbi trust investments, and deferred compensation obligations.
Generation and Exelon
The following tables present assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on Exelon's and Generation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:


 
Generation
 
Exelon
As of December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents (a)
$
104



$


$

 
$
104

 
$
5,766



$



$

 
$
5,766

Nuclear decommissioning trust fund investments





 


 





 


Cash equivalents (b)
219



92



 
311

 
219



92




 
311

 
Generation
 
Exelon
As of December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Equities
3,008


1,894



 
4,902

 
3,008


1,894



 
4,902

Fixed income





 


 





 


Corporate debt



1,824


242

 
2,066

 



1,824



242

 
2,066

U.S. Treasury and agencies
1,323



15



 
1,338

 
1,323



15




 
1,338

Foreign governments



61



 
61

 



61




 
61

State and municipal debt



326



 
326

 



326




 
326

Other (c)

 
537

 

 
537

 


537




537

Fixed income subtotal
1,323



2,763


242

 
4,328

 
1,323



2,763



242

 
4,328

Middle market lending





428

 
428

 






428

 
428

Private equity





125

 
125

 






125

 
125

Real estate

 

 
35

 
35

 




35

 
35

Other



216



 
216

 



216




 
216

Nuclear decommissioning trust fund investments subtotal (d)
4,550



4,965


830


10,345


4,550



4,965



830



10,345

Pledged assets for Zion Station
decommissioning





 

 





 

Cash equivalents



17



 
17

 



17




 
17

Equities
1



5



 
6

 
1



5




 
6

Fixed income





 

 





 

   U.S. Treasury and agencies
6



2



 
8

 
6



2




 
8

Corporate debt



46



 
46

 



46




 
46

Other



1



 
1

 



1




 
1

Fixed income subtotal
6



49




55


6



49






55

Middle market lending





127

 
127

 






127

 
127

Pledged assets for Zion Station
decommissioning subtotal (e)
7



71


127


205


7



71



127



205

Rabbi trust investments in mutual funds (f)
17





 
17

 
48







 
48

Commodity derivative assets





 


 





 


Economic hedges
1,922



3,467


1,707

 
7,096

 
1,922



3,467



1,707

 
7,096

Proprietary trading
36



64


30

 
130

 
36



64



30

 
130

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral (g)
(1,964
)


(2,629
)

(564
)
 
(5,157
)
 
(1,964
)


(2,629
)


(564
)
 
(5,157
)
Commodity derivative assets subtotal
(6
)


902


1,173


2,069


(6
)


902



1,173



2,069

Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
assets









 


 










 


Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 
25

 

 
25

Economic hedges

 
20

 

 
20

 

 
20

 

 
20

Proprietary trading
10

 
5

 

 
15

 
10

 
5

 

 
15

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral
(3
)


(3
)


 
(6
)
 
(3
)


(3
)



 
(6
)
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
assets subtotal
7



22




29


7



47






54

Other investments





33

 
33

 






33

 
33

Total assets
4,679



5,960


2,163


12,802


10,372



5,985



2,163



18,520

Liabilities





 

 





 


Commodity derivative liabilities





 

 





 

Economic hedges
(2,382
)


(3,348
)

(850
)
 
(6,580
)
 
(2,382
)


(3,348
)


(1,097
)
 
(6,827
)
Proprietary trading
(33
)


(57
)

(37
)
 
(127
)
 
(33
)


(57
)


(37
)
 
(127
)
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral (g)
2,440



3,186


765

 
6,391

 
2,440



3,186



765

 
6,391

Commodity derivative liabilities subtotal
25



(219
)

(122
)

(316
)

25



(219
)


(369
)


(563
)
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
liabilities









 

 










 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

 
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
Economic hedges

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Proprietary trading
(12
)
 

 

 
(12
)
 
(12
)
 

 

 
(12
)
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral
12



3



 
15

 
12



3




 
15

 
Generation
 
Exelon
As of December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
liabilities subtotal



(16
)



(16
)




(16
)





(16
)
Deferred compensation obligation



(30
)


 
(30
)
 



(99
)



 
(99
)
Total liabilities
25



(265
)

(122
)

(362
)

25



(334
)


(369
)


(678
)
Total net assets
$
4,704



$
5,695


$
2,041


$
12,440


$
10,397



$
5,651



$
1,794



$
17,842



 
Generation
 
Exelon
As of December 31, 2014
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents (a)
$
405


$


$

 
$
405

 
$
1,119


$


$

 
$
1,119

Nuclear decommissioning trust fund investments





 

 





 

Cash equivalents (b)
208


37



 
245

 
208


37



 
245

Equities
3,035


2,207



 
5,242

 
3,035


2,207



 
5,242

Fixed income





 

 





 

Corporate debt


2,023


239

 
2,262

 


2,023


239

 
2,262

U.S. Treasury and agencies
996





 
996

 
996





 
996

Foreign governments


95



 
95

 


95



 
95

State and municipal debt


438



 
438

 


438



 
438

Other

 
511

 

 
511

 

 
511

 

 
511

Fixed income subtotal
996


3,067


239


4,302


996


3,067


239


4,302

Middle market lending




366

 
366

 




366

 
366

Private equity




83

 
83

 




83

 
83

Real estate

 

 
3

 
3

 




3

 
3

Other (c)


301



 
301

 


301



 
301

Nuclear decommissioning trust fund investments subtotal (d)
4,239


5,612


691


10,542


4,239


5,612


691


10,542

Pledged assets for Zion Station
decommissioning





 

 





 

Cash equivalents


15



 
15

 


15



 
15

Equities
6


1



 
7

 
6


1



 
7

Fixed income





 

 





 

U.S. Treasury and agencies
5


3



 
8

 
5


3



 
8

Corporate debt


89



 
89

 


89



 
89

State and municipal debt


10



 
10

 


10



 
10

Other

 
3

 

 
3

 


3




3

Fixed income subtotal
5


105




110


5


105




110

Middle market lending




184

 
184

 




184

 
184

Pledged assets for Zion Station
decommissioning subtotal (e)
11


121


184


316


11


121


184


316

Rabbi trust investments (f)





 

 





 

Cash equivalents





 

 
1





 
1

Mutual funds
16





 
16

 
46





 
46

Rabbi trust investments subtotal
16






16


47






47

Commodity derivative assets





 

 





 

Economic hedges
1,667


3,465


1,681

 
6,813

 
1,667


3,465


1,681

 
6,813

Proprietary trading
201


284


27

 
512

 
201


284


27

 
512

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral (g)
(1,982
)

(2,757
)

(557
)
 
(5,296
)
 
(1,982
)

(2,757
)

(557
)
 
(5,296
)
Commodity derivative assets subtotal
(114
)

992


1,151


2,029


(114
)

992


1,151


2,029

Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
assets





 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

 
8

 

 
8

 

 
31

 

 
31

Economic hedges

 
12

 

 
12

 

 
13

 

 
13

 
Generation
 
Exelon
As of December 31, 2014
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Proprietary trading
18

 
9

 

 
27

 
18

 
9

 

 
27

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral
(17
)

(12
)


 
(29
)
 
(17
)

(31
)


 
(48
)
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
assets subtotal
1


17




18


1


22




23

Other investments




3

 
3

 
2




3

 
5

Total assets
4,558


6,742


2,029


13,329


5,305


6,747


2,029


14,081

Liabilities





 

 





 

Commodity derivative liabilities





 

 





 

Economic hedges
(2,241
)

(3,458
)

(788
)
 
(6,487
)
 
(2,241
)

(3,458
)

(995
)
 
(6,694
)
Proprietary trading
(195
)

(295
)

(42
)
 
(532
)
 
(195
)

(295
)

(42
)
 
(532
)
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral (g)
2,416


3,557


729

 
6,702

 
2,416


3,557


729

 
6,702

Commodity derivative liabilities subtotal
(20
)

(196
)

(101
)

(317
)

(20
)

(196
)

(308
)

(524
)
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
liabilities





 

 





 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

 
(12
)
 

 
(12
)
 

 
(41
)
 

 
(41
)
Economic hedges

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
 

 
(103
)
 

 
(103
)
Proprietary trading
(14
)
 
(9
)
 

 
(23
)
 
(14
)
 
(9
)
 

 
(23
)
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral
25


10



 
35

 
25


29



 
54

Interest rate and foreign currency derivative
liabilities subtotal
11


(13
)



(2
)

11


(124
)



(113
)
Deferred compensation obligation


(31
)


 
(31
)
 


(107
)


 
(107
)
Total liabilities
(9
)

(240
)

(101
)

(350
)

(9
)

(427
)

(308
)

(744
)
Total net assets
$
4,549


$
6,502


$
1,928


$
12,979


$
5,296


$
6,320


$
1,721


$
13,337

_________________________
(a)
Excludes certain cash equivalents considered to be held-to-maturity and not reported at fair value.
(b)
Includes $52 million and $43 million of cash received from outstanding repurchase agreements at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and is offset by an obligation to repay upon settlement of the agreement as discussed in (d) below.
(c)
Includes derivative instruments of $(8) million and $(10) million, which have a total notional amount of $1,236 million and $794 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The notional principal amounts for these instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding as of the fiscal years ended and do not represent the amount of the company's exposure to credit or market loss.
(d)
Excludes net liabilities of $(3) million and $(5) million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These items consist of receivables related to pending securities sales, interest and dividend receivables, repurchase agreement obligations, and payables related to pending securities purchases. The repurchase agreements are generally short-term in nature with durations generally of 30 days or less.
(e)
Excludes net assets of $1 million and $3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These items consist of receivables related to pending securities sales, interest and dividend receivables, and payables related to pending securities purchases.
(f)
Excludes $36 million and $35 million of cash surrender value of life insurance investment at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, at Exelon Consolidated. Excludes $13 million and $11 million of cash surrender value of life insurance investment at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, at Generation.
(g)
Collateral posted to/(received from) counterparties totaled $476 million, $557 million and $201 million allocated to Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 mark-to-market derivatives, respectively, as of December 31, 2015. Collateral posted to/(received from) counterparties totaled $434 million, $800 million and $172 million allocated to Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 mark-to-market derivatives, respectively, as of December 31, 2014.

 
ComEd, PECO and BGE
The following tables present assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on the utility Registrants' Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
ComEd
 
PECO
 
BGE
As of December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
29


$


$

 
$
29

 
$
271


$


$

 
$
271

 
$
25


$


$

 
$
25

Rabbi trust investments in mutual funds (a)





 

 
8





 
8

 
4





 
4

Total assets
29






29


279






279


29






29

Liabilities





 

 





 

 





 

Deferred compensation
obligation


(8
)


 
(8
)
 


(12
)


 
(12
)
 


(4
)


 
(4
)
Mark-to-market derivative
liabilities (b)




(247
)
 
(247
)
 





 

 





 

Total liabilities


(8
)

(247
)

(255
)



(12
)



(12
)



(4
)



(4
)
Total net assets (liabilities)
$
29


$
(8
)

$
(247
)

$
(226
)

$
279


$
(12
)

$


$
267


$
29


$
(4
)

$


$
25


 
ComEd
 
PECO
 
BGE
As of December 31, 2014
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
25


$


$

 
$
25

 
$
12


$


$

 
$
12

 
$
103


$


$

 
$
103

Rabbi trust investments in mutual funds (a)





 

 
9





 
9

 
5





 
5

Total assets
25






25


21






21


108






108

Liabilities





 

 





 

 





 

Deferred compensation
obligation


(8
)


 
(8
)
 


(15
)


 
(15
)
 


(5
)


 
(5
)
Mark-to-market derivative
liabilities (b)




(207
)
 
(207
)
 





 

 





 

Total liabilities


(8
)

(207
)

(215
)



(15
)



(15
)



(5
)



(5
)
Total net assets (liabilities)
$
25


$
(8
)

$
(207
)

$
(190
)

$
21


$
(15
)

$


$
6


$
108


$
(5
)

$


$
103

_________________________
(a)
At PECO, excludes $12 million and $14 million of the cash surrender value of life insurance investments at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(b)
The Level 3 balance includes the current and noncurrent liability of $23 million and $224 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015, and $20 million and $187 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014, related to floating-to-fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers.
The following table presents the fair value reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

 
Generation
 
ComEd
 
 
 
Exelon
For The Year Ended December 31, 2015
Nuclear
Decommissioning
Trust Fund
Investments
 
Pledged Assets
for Zion Station
Decommissioning
 
Mark-to-Market
Derivatives
 
Other
Investments
 
Total Generation
 
Mark-to-Market
Derivatives (b)
 
Eliminated in Consolidation
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2015
$
691


$
184

 
$
1,050


$
3

 
$
1,928

 
$
(207
)
 
$

 
$
1,721

Total realized / unrealized gains (losses)



 


 
 


 
 
 
 
 

Included in net income
4



 
22

(a) 
1

 
27

 

 

 
27

Included in noncurrent payables to affiliates
23



 



 
23

 

 
(23
)
 

Included in payable for Zion Station decommissioning


(2
)
 



 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Included in regulatory assets/liabilities



 

 

 

 
(40
)
 
23

 
(17
)
Change in collateral



 
29



 
29

 

 

 
29

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
 

 
 
 

 
 


 
 
 
 
 

Purchases
226


20

 
144

 
30

 
420

 

 

 
420

Sales
(8
)

(75
)
 
(25
)


 
(108
)
 

 

 
(108
)
Settlements
(106
)


 



 
(106
)
 

 

 
(106
)
Transfers into Level 3
4



 
80



 
84

 

 

 
84

Transfers out of Level 3
(4
)


 
(249
)

(1
)
 
(254
)
 

 

 
(254
)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
830


$
127

 
$
1,051


$
33


$
2,041

 
$
(247
)
 
$

 
$
1,794

The amount of total gains included in income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015
$
4

 
$

 
$
856

 
$

 
$
860

 
$

 
$

 
$
860




 
Generation
 
ComEd
 
 
 
Exelon
For The Year Ended December 31, 2014
Nuclear
Decommissioning
Trust Fund
Investments
 
Pledged Assets
for Zion Station
Decommissioning
 
Mark-to-Market
Derivatives (d)
 
Other
Investments
 
Total Generation
 
Mark-to-Market
Derivatives (b)
 
Eliminated in Consolidation
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2014
$
350


$
112

 
$
465


$
15

 
$
942

 
$
(193
)
 
$

 
$
749

Total realized / unrealized gains (losses)



 



 


 
 
 
 
 

Included in net income
6



 
526

(a) 

 
532

 

 

 
532

Included in other
comprehensive income



 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in noncurrent payables to affiliates
14



 

 

 
14

 

 
(14
)
 

Included in payable for Zion Station decommissioning


2

 

 

 
2

 

 

 
2

Included in regulatory assets/liabilities

 

 

 

 

 
(14
)
 
14

 

Change in collateral



 
198

 

 
198

 

 

 
198

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements



 

 

 


 
 
 
 
 

Purchases
400


120

 
76

(c) 
2

 
598

 

 

 
598

Sales
(15
)

(50
)
 
(7
)

(8
)
 
(80
)
 

 

 
(80
)
Settlements
(64
)


 



 
(64
)
 

 

 
(64
)
Transfers into Level 3



 
(7
)


 
(7
)
 

 

 
(7
)
Transfers out of Level 3



 
(201
)

(6
)
 
(207
)
 

 

 
(207
)
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
691


$
184

 
$
1,050


$
3


$
1,928

 
$
(207
)
 
$

 
$
1,721

The amount of total gains included in income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2014
$
4


$

 
$
640


$

 
$
644

 
$

 
$

 
$
644

_________________________
(a)
Includes a reduction for the reclassification of $834 million and $114 million of realized gains due to the settlement of derivative contracts for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(b)
Includes $55 million of decreases in fair value and an increase for realized losses due to settlements of $(15) million recorded in purchased power expense associated with floating-to-fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers for the year ended December 31, 2015. Includes $13 million of decreases in fair value and a reduction for realized gains due to settlements of $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
(c)
Includes $34 million of fair value from contracts acquired as a result of the Integrys acquisition.

     The following tables present the income statement classification of the total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in income for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Generation
 
Exelon
 
Operating
Revenues
 
Purchased
Power and
Fuel
 
Other, net (a)
 
Operating
Revenues
 
Purchased
Power and
Fuel
 
Other, net (a)
Total gains (losses) included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2015
$
67

 
$
(45
)
 
$
4

 
$
67

 
$
(45
)
 
$
4

Change in the unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held for the year ended December 31, 2015
$
858

 
$
(2
)
 
$
4

 
$
858

 
$
(2
)
 
$
4

    

 
Generation
 
Exelon
 
Operating
Revenues
 
Purchased
Power and
Fuel
 
Other, net (a)
 
Operating
Revenues
 
Purchased
Power and
Fuel
 
Other, net (a)
Total gains (losses) included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2014
$
614

 
$
(88
)
 
$
6

 
$
614

 
$
(88
)
 
$
6

Change in the unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held for the year ended December 31, 2014
$
663

 
$
(23
)
 
$
4

 
$
663

 
$
(23
)
 
$
4

_________________________
(a)
Other, net activity consists of realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in income for the NDT funds held by Generation.


Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value

The following describes the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the assets and liabilities shown in the tables above.

Cash Equivalents (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE). The Registrants’ cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The cash equivalents shown in the fair value tables are comprised of investments in mutual and money market funds. The fair values of the shares of these funds are based on observable market prices and, therefore, have been categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund Investments and Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning (Exelon and Generation).    The trust fund investments have been established to satisfy Generation’s and CENG's nuclear decommissioning obligations as required by the NRC. The NDT funds hold debt and equity securities directly and indirectly through commingled funds and mutual funds, which are included in Equities, Fixed Income and Other. Generation’s and CENG's NDT fund investments policies outline investment guidelines for the trusts and limit the trust funds’ exposures to investments in highly illiquid markets and other alternative investments. Investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased, including certain short-term fixed income securities are considered cash equivalents and included in the recurring fair value measurements hierarchy as Level 1 or Level 2.

With respect to individually held equity securities, the trustees obtain prices from pricing services, whose prices are obtained from direct feeds from market exchanges, which Generation is able to independently corroborate. The fair values of equity securities held directly by the trust funds are based on quoted prices in active markets and are categorized in Level 1. Equity securities held individually are primarily traded on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ-Global Select Market, which contain only actively traded securities due to the volume trading requirements imposed by these exchanges.

For fixed income securities, multiple prices from pricing services are obtained whenever possible, which enables cross-provider validations in addition to checks for unusual daily movements. A primary price source is identified based on asset type, class or issue for each security. With respect to individually held fixed income securities, the trustees monitor prices supplied by pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of a given security if the portfolio managers challenge an assigned price and the trustees determine that another price source is considered to be preferable. Generation has obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived, including the nature and observability of the inputs used in deriving such prices. Additionally, Generation selectively corroborates the fair values of securities by comparison to other market-based price sources. U.S. Treasury securities are categorized as Level 1 because they trade in a highly liquid and transparent market. The fair values of fixed income securities, excluding U.S. Treasury securities, are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information or similar securities, adjusted for observable differences and are categorized in Level 2. The fair values of private placement fixed income securities, which are included in Corporate debt, are determined using a third party valuation that contains significant unobservable inputs and are categorized in Level 3.

Equity, balanced and fixed income commingled funds and mutual funds are maintained by investment companies and hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives such as holding short term fixed income securities or tracking the performance of certain equity indices by purchasing equity securities to replicate the capitalization and characteristics of the indices. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. For mutual funds which are publicly quoted, the funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and have been categorized as Level 1. For commingled funds and mutual funds, which are not publicly quoted, the fund administrators value the funds using NAV as a practical expedient for fair value, which is primarily derived from the quoted prices in active markets on the underlying securities. These investments typically can be redeemed monthly with 30 or less days of notice and without further restrictions, and, as a result are categorized as Level 2.

Derivative instruments consisting primarily of interest rate swaps to manage risk are recorded at fair value. Derivative instruments are valued based on external price data of comparable securities and have been categorized as Level 2.

Middle market lending are investments in loans or managed funds which lend to private companies. Generation elected the fair value option for its investments in certain limited partnerships that invest in middle market lending managed funds. The fair value of these loans is determined using a combination of valuation models including cost models, market models, and income models. Investments in middle market lending are categorized as Level 3 because the fair value of these securities is based largely on inputs that are unobservable and utilize complex valuation models. Investments in middle market lending typically cannot be redeemed until maturity of the term loan.

Private equity and real estate investments include those in limited partnerships that invest in operating companies and real estate holding companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange, such as,leveraged buyouts, growth capital, venture capital, distressed investments, investments in natural resources, and direct investments in pools of real estate properties. The fair value of private equity and real estate investments is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient. These investments typically cannot be redeemed and are generally liquidated over a period of 8 to 10 years from the initial investment date. Private equity and real estate valuations are reported by the fund manager and are based on the valuation of the underlying investments, which include inputs such as cost, operating results, discounted future cash flows, market based comparable data, and independent appraisals from sources with professional qualifications. Since these valuation inputs are not highly observable, private equity and real estate investments have been categorized as Level 3.
As of December 31, 2015, Generation has outstanding commitments to invest in middle market lending, corporate debt securities, private equity investments, and real estate investments of approximately $266 million. These commitments will be funded by Generation’s existing nuclear decommissioning trust funds.
Concentrations of Credit Risk. Generation evaluated its NDT portfolios for the existence of significant concentrations of credit risk as of December 31, 2015. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country, and individual fund. As of December 31, 2015, there were no significant concentrations (generally defined as greater than 10 percent) of risk in Generation's NDT assets.
See Note 16Asset Retirement Obligations for further discussion on the NDT fund investments.
Rabbi Trust Investments (Exelon, Generation, PECO and BGE).  The Rabbi trusts were established to hold assets related to deferred compensation plans existing for certain active and retired members of Exelon’s executive management and directors. The Rabbi trusts assets are included in investments in the Registrants’ Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist primarily of mutual funds and life insurance policies. The mutual funds are maintained by investment companies and hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives, which are consistent with Exelon’s overall investment strategy. Mutual funds are publicly quoted and have been categorized as Level 1 given the clear observability of the prices. The life insurance policies are valued using the cash surrender value of the policies, which is provided by a third party. The cash surrender value inputs are not observable.

Mark-to-Market Derivatives (Exelon, Generation, and ComEd). Derivative contracts are traded in both exchange-based and non-exchange-based markets. Exchange-based derivatives that are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Certain derivatives’ pricing is verified using indicative price quotations available through brokers or over-the-counter, on-line exchanges and are categorized in Level 2. These price quotations reflect the average of the bid-ask, mid-point prices and are obtained from sources that the Registrants believe provide the most liquid market for the commodity. The price quotations are reviewed and corroborated to ensure the prices are observable and representative of an orderly transaction between market participants. This includes consideration of actual transaction volumes, market delivery points, bid-ask spreads and contract duration. The remainder of derivative contracts are valued using the Black model, an industry standard option valuation model. The Black model takes into account inputs such as contract terms, including maturity, and market parameters, including assumptions of the future prices of energy, interest rates, volatility, credit worthiness and credit spread. For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, such as generic forwards, swaps and options, model inputs are generally observable. Such instruments are categorized in Level 2. The Registrants’ derivatives are predominately at liquid trading points. For derivatives that trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information model inputs generally would include both observable and unobservable inputs. These valuations may include an estimated basis adjustment from an illiquid trading point to a liquid trading point for which active price quotations are available. Such instruments are categorized in Level 3.

Exelon may utilize fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps, which are typically designated as fair value hedges, as a means to achieve its targeted level of variable-rate debt as a percent of total debt. In addition, the Registrants may utilize interest rate derivatives to lock in interest rate levels in anticipation of future financings. These interest rate derivatives are typically designated as cash flow hedges. Exelon determines the current fair value by calculating the net present value of expected payments and receipts under the swap agreement, based on and discounted by the market's expectation of future interest rates. Additional inputs to the net present value calculation may include the contract terms, counterparty credit risk and other market parameters. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate swaps are categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 13Derivative Financial Instruments for further discussion on mark-to-market derivatives.
Deferred Compensation Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO and BGE).    The Registrants’ deferred compensation plans allow participants to defer certain cash compensation into a notional investment account. The Registrants include such plans in other current and noncurrent liabilities in their Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of the Registrants’ deferred compensation obligations is based on the market value of the participants’ notional investment accounts. The underlying notional investments are comprised primarily of equities, mutual funds, commingled funds, and fixed income securities which are based on directly and indirectly observable market prices. Since the deferred compensation obligations themselves are not exchanged in an active market, they are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Additional Information Regarding Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Exelon, Generation, ComEd)

Mark-to-Market Derivatives (Exelon, Generation, ComEd). For valuations that include both observable and unobservable inputs, if the unobservable input is determined to be significant to the overall inputs, the entire valuation is categorized in Level 3. This includes derivatives valued using indicative price quotations whose contract tenure extends into unobservable periods. In instances where observable data is unavailable, consideration is given to the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. This includes assumptions about market risks such as liquidity, volatility and contract duration. Such instruments are categorized in Level 3 as the model inputs generally are not observable. Exelon’s RMC approves risk management policies and objectives for risk assessment, control and valuation, counterparty credit approval, and the monitoring and reporting of risk exposures. The RMC is chaired by the chief executive officer and includes the chief risk officer, chief strategy officer, chief executive officer of Exelon Utilities, chief commercial officer, chief financial officer and chief executive officer of Constellation. The RMC reports to the Finance and Risk Committee of the Exelon Board of Directors on the scope of the risk management activities. Forward price curves for the power market utilized by the front office to manage the portfolio, are reviewed and verified by the middle office, and used for financial reporting by the back office. The Registrants consider credit and nonperformance risk in the valuation of derivative contracts categorized in Level 2 and 3, including both historical and current market data in its assessment of credit and nonperformance risk by counterparty. Due to master netting agreements and collateral posting requirements, the impacts of credit and nonperformance risk were not material to the financial statements.

Disclosed below is detail surrounding the Registrants’ significant Level 3 valuations. The calculated fair value includes marketability discounts for margining provisions and other attributes. Generation’s Level 3 balance generally consists of forward sales and purchases of power and natural gas, coal purchases and certain transmission congestion contracts. Generation utilizes various inputs and factors including market data and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities as well as assumptions about the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. The inputs and factors include forward commodity prices, commodity price volatility, contractual volumes, delivery location, interest rates, credit quality of counterparties and credit enhancements.
For commodity derivatives, the primary input to the valuation models is the forward commodity price curve for each instrument. Forward commodity price curves are derived by risk management for liquid locations and by the traders and portfolio managers for illiquid locations. All locations are reviewed and verified by risk management considering published exchange transaction prices, executed bilateral transactions, broker quotes, and other observable or public data sources. The relevant forward commodity curve used to value each of the derivatives depends on a number of factors, including commodity type, delivery location, and delivery period. Price volatility varies by commodity and location. When appropriate, Generation discounts future cash flows using risk free interest rates with adjustments to reflect the credit quality of each counterparty for assets and Generation’s own credit quality for liabilities. The level of observability of a forward commodity price varies generally due to the delivery location and delivery period. Certain delivery locations including PJM West Hub (for power) and Henry Hub (for natural gas) are more liquid and prices are observable for up to three years in the future. The observability period of volatility is generally shorter than the underlying power curve used in option valuations. The forward curve for a less liquid location is estimated by using the forward curve from the liquid location and applying a spread to represent the cost to transport the commodity to the delivery location. This spread does not typically represent a majority of the instrument’s market price. As a result, the change in fair value is closely tied to liquid market movements and not a change in the applied spread. The change in fair value associated with a change in the spread is generally immaterial. An average spread calculated across all Level 3 power and gas delivery locations is approximately $2.91 and $0.27 for power and natural gas, respectively. Many of the commodity derivatives are short term in nature and thus a majority of the fair value may be based on observable inputs even though the contract as a whole must be classified as Level 3. See ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK for information regarding the maturity by year of the Registrant’s mark-to-market derivative assets and liabilities.
On December 17, 2010, ComEd entered into several 20-year floating to fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers for the procurement of long-term renewable energy and associated RECs. See Note 13Derivative Financial Instruments for more information. The fair value of these swaps has been designated as a Level 3 valuation due to the long tenure of the positions and internal modeling assumptions. The modeling assumptions include using natural gas heat rates to project long term forward power curves adjusted by a renewable factor that incorporates time of day and seasonality factors to reflect accurate renewable energy pricing. In addition, marketability reserves are applied to the positions based on the tenor and supplier risk.
The table below discloses the significant inputs to the forward curve used to value these positions.
 
Type of trade
Fair Value at December 31,2015
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Input
 
Range
 
Mark-to-market derivatives—Economic hedges (Generation) (a)(c)
$
857

 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward power price
 
$11
-
$88
(d) 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward gas price
 
$1.18
-
$8.95
(d) 
 
 
 
Option Model
 
Volatility percentage
 
5%
-
152%
 
Mark-to-market derivatives—Proprietary trading (Generation) (a)(c)
$
(7
)
 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward power price
 
$13
-
$78
(d) 
Mark-to-market derivatives
(ComEd)
$
(247
)
 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward heat rate (b)
 
9x
-
10x
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability reserve
 
3.5%
-
7%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable factor
 
87%
-
128%
 
_________________________
(a)
The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for the asset and liability positions.
(b)
Quoted forward natural gas rates are utilized to project the forward power curve for the delivery of energy at specified future dates. The natural gas curve is extrapolated beyond its observable period to the end of the contract’s delivery.
(c)
The fair values do not include cash collateral posted on level three positions of $201 million as of December 31, 2015.
(d)
Unlike the previous year, the New England region was not a significant driver for the upper end of the ranges for power and gas as of December 31, 2015.
 
Type of trade
Fair Value at December 31, 2014
 
Valuation
Technique
 
Unobservable
Input
 
Range
 
Mark-to-market derivatives—Economic hedges (Generation) (a)(c)
$
893

 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward power price
 
$15
-
$120
(d) 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward gas price
 
$1.52
-
$14.02
(d) 
 
 
 
Option Model
 
Volatility percentage
 
8%
-
257%
 
Mark-to-market derivatives—
Proprietary trading (Generation) (a)(c)
$
(15
)
 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward power price
 
$15
-
$117
(d) 
Mark-to-market derivatives
(ComEd)
$
(207
)
 
Discounted
Cash Flow
 
Forward heat rate (b)
 
8x
-
9x
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability reserve
 
3.5%
-
8%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable factor
 
86%
-
126%
 
__________________________ 
(a)
The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for the asset and liability positions.
(b)
Quoted forward natural gas rates are utilized to project the forward power curve for the delivery of energy at specified future dates. The natural gas curve is extrapolated beyond its observable period to the end of the contract’s delivery.
(c)
The fair values do not include cash collateral posted on level three positions of $172 million as of December 31, 2014
(d)
The upper ends of the ranges are driven by the winter power and gas prices in the New England region. Without the New England region, the upper ends of the ranges for power and gas would be approximately $97 and $8.14, respectively and would be approximately $76 for power proprietary trading.
The inputs listed above would have a direct impact on the fair values of the above instruments if they were adjusted. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Generation’s commodity derivatives are forward commodity prices and for options is price volatility. Increases (decreases) in the forward commodity price in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair values for long positions (contracts that give Generation the obligation or option to purchase a commodity), with offsetting impacts to short positions (contracts that give Generation the obligation or right to sell a commodity). Increases (decreases) in volatility would increase (decrease) the value for the holder of the option (writer of the option). Generally, a change in the estimate of forward commodity prices is unrelated to a change in the estimate of volatility of prices. An increase to the reserves listed above would decrease the fair value of the positions. An increase to the heat rate or renewable factors would increase the fair value accordingly. Generally, interrelationships exist between market prices of natural gas and power. As such, an increase in natural gas pricing would potentially have a similar impact on forward power markets.
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund Investments and Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning (Exelon and Generation).    For middle market lending, certain corporate debt securities, real estate and private equity investments the fair value is determined using a combination of valuation models including cost models, market models and income models. The valuation estimates are based on valuations of comparable companies, discounting the forecasted cash flows of the portfolio company, estimating the liquidation or collateral value of the portfolio company or its assets, considering offers from third parties to buy the portfolio company, its historical and projected financial results, as well as other factors that may impact value. Significant judgment is required in the application of discounts or premiums applied to the prices of comparable companies for factors such as size, marketability, credit risk and relative performance.

Because Generation relies on third-party fund managers to develop the quantitative unobservable inputs without adjustment for the valuations of its Level 3 investments, quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in valuing these investments is not reasonably available to Generation. This includes information regarding the sensitivity of the fair values to changes in the unobservable inputs. Generation gains an understanding of the fund managers’ inputs and assumptions used in preparing the valuations. Generation performed procedures to assess the reasonableness of the valuations. For a sample of its Level 3 investments, Generation reviewed independent valuations and reviewed the assumptions in the detailed pricing models used by the fund managers.