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Note 10 - Employee Equity Incentive Plans
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
10.
Employee Equity Incentive Plans
 
Stock Purchase and Stock Option Plans
 
The
2009
Equity Incentive Plan, the
2011
Equity Incentive Plan, the
2013
Equity Incentive Plan and the
2016
Equity Incentive Plan
 
On
September 10, 2009,
our stockholders approved the
2009
Equity Incentive Plan, or the
2009
Plan, under which
900,000
shares of our common stock were reserved for the grant of stock options and other equity incentives. On
September 16, 2011,
our stockholders approved the
2011
Equity Incentive Plan, or the
2011
Plan, under which
600,000
shares of our common stock were reserved for the grant of stock options and other equity incentives. On
August 30, 2013,
our stockholders approved the
2013
Equity Incentive Plan, or the
2013
Plan, under which
2,000,000
shares of our common stock were reserved for the grant of stock options and other equity incentives. On
August 26, 2016,
our stockholders approved the
2016
Equity Incentive Plan, or the
2016
Plan, under which
2,000,000
shares of the common stock were reserved for the grant of stock options and other equity incentives. The
2009
Plan, the
2011
Plan, the
2013
Plan and the
2016
Plan are referred to as the Plans.
 
Stock Options
 
Under the Plans, nonqualified and incentive stock options
may
be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors. Generally, the per share exercise price shall
not
be less than
100%
of the fair market value of a share on the grant date. The Board of Directors has the full power to determine the provisions of each option issued under the Plans. While we
may
grant options that become exercisable at different times or within different periods, we have primarily granted options that vest over
four
years. The options, once granted, expire
ten
years from the date of grant.
 
Stock Awards
 
Stock awards, denominated restricted stock under the
2009
Plan and the
2011
Plan,
may
be granted to any employee, director or consultant under the Plans. Pursuant to a stock award, we will issue shares of common stock. Shares that are subject to the restriction will be released from restriction if certain requirements, including continued performance of services, are met.
 
Stock Appreciation Rights
 
Awards of stock appreciation rights, or SARs,
may
be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors pursuant to the Plans. A SAR is payable on the difference between the market price at the time of exercise and the exercise price at the date of grant. In any event, the exercise price of a SAR shall
not
be less than
100%
of the fair market value of a share on the grant date and shall expire
no
later than
ten
years from the grant date. Upon exercise, the holder of a SAR shall be entitled to receive payment either in cash or a number of shares by dividing such cash amount by the fair market value of a share on the exercise date.
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Restricted stock units, denominated performance units in the
2009
Plan,
may
be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors under the Plan. Each restricted stock unit shall have a value equal to the fair market value of
one
share. After the applicable performance period has ended, the holder will be entitled to receive a payment, either in cash or in the form of shares, based on the number of restricted stock units earned over the performance period, to be determined as a function of the extent to which the corresponding performance goals or other vesting provisions have been achieved.
 
The
1999
Equity Incentive Plan
 
Prior to
May 2009,
stock options were granted under the
1999
Equity Incentive Plan, or the
1999
Plan, for
not
less than
85%
of fair market value at the time of grant. Once granted, the options expire
ten
years from the date of grant. Options granted to employees under the
1999
Equity Incentive Plan typically vested over
four
years. The
1999
Plan expired in
May 2009
and
no
additional grants
may
be made thereunder.
 
Zilog
2004
Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
 
The Zilog
2004
Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, or the Zilog
2004
Plan, was approved by the stockholders of Zilog in
2004,
and was amended and approved by the stockholders of Zilog in
2007.
In connection with the acquisition of Zilog, our Board of Directors approved assumption of the Zilog
2004
Plan. Employees of Zilog and persons
first
employed by our company after the closing of the acquisition of Zilog were eligible to receive grants under the Zilog
2004
Plan. Under the
2004
Plan, non-statutory stock options were granted. At the time of the assumption of the Zilog
2004
Plan by our company, up to
652,963
shares of our common stock were available for grant under the plan.
 
In general, the options and shares granted pursuant to the Zilog
2004
Plan are exercisable at such time or times, and subject to such terms and conditions (including the vesting schedule, period of exercisability and expiration date) as the plan administrator, generally the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, determined in the applicable option agreement. The exercise price per share, payable upon the exercise of an option, was established by such administrator at the time of the grant and is
not
less than the par value per share of common stock on the date of the grant and, in the case of an incentive stock option, generally is
not
less than
100%
of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. The Zilog
2004
Plan expired in
February 2014
and
no
additional grants
may
be made thereunder.
 
Zilog
2002
Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
 
The Zilog
2002
Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, or the Zilog
2002
Plan, was adopted in
2002.
In connection with the acquisition of Zilog, our Board of Directors approved the assumption of the Zilog
2002
Plan with respect to the shares available for grant as stock options. Employees of Zilog and persons
first
employed by our company after the closing of the acquisition of Zilog were eligible to receive grants under the Zilog
2002
Plan. At the time of the assumption of the Zilog
2002
Plan by our company, up to
366,589
shares of our common stock were available for grant under the plan.
 
Stock options granted under the Zilog
2002
Plan were permitted to be: (i) incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options or (ii) EBITDA-linked options and/or non-EBITDA linked options. We did
not
grant any EBITDA-linked options and
none
are outstanding. In general, non-EBITDA-linked options granted pursuant to the Zilog
2002
Plan was exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions (including the vesting schedule, period of exercisability and expiration date) as determined by the plan administrator in the applicable award agreements or thereafter. The exercise price per share payable upon the exercise of an option was established by such administrator at the time of grant. The term of each non-EBITDA-linked option was determined at the time of grant and does
not
exceed
ten
years. The Zilog
2002
Plan expired in
May 2012
and
no
additional grants
may
be made thereunder.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
The Board of Directors has approved the Amended and Restated
1999
Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the Purchase Plan, and reserved a total of
1,550,000
shares of common stock for issuance under the Purchase Plan. Under the Purchase Plan, all eligible employees
may
purchase our common stock at a price equal to
85%
of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning of the offer period or the semi-annual purchase date. Stock purchases are limited to
15%
of an employee’s eligible compensation. During the year ended
March 31, 2017,
there were
112,171
shares purchased under the Purchase Plan, leaving approximately
128,070
shares available for purchase under the Purchase Plan in the future.
 
Fair Value of Stock Compensation
 
The authoritative guidance provided by FASB requires employee stock options and rights to purchase shares under stock participation plans to be accounted for under the fair value method and requires the use of an option pricing model for estimating fair value. Accordingly, share-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award.
 
Compensation cost for equity incentive awards is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the authoritative guidance provided by FASB. We use the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation costs over the service period of the award.
 
The fair value of issuances under our Purchase Plan is estimated on the issuance date and using the Black-Scholes options pricing model, consistent with the requirements of the authoritative guidance provided by FASB.
 
The following table summarizes the effects of share-based compensation expenses recognized on our consolidated statement of operations resulting from options granted under our equity incentive plans and rights to acquire stock granted under our Purchase Plan (in thousands):
 
 
 
Year Ended March 31,
 
Statement of Operations Classifications
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
                         
Cost of goods sold
  $
362
    $
488
    $
433
 
Research, development and engineering (1)
   
1,144
     
1,272
     
814
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,932
     
1,832
     
1,620
 
Stock-based compensation effect in income before income tax provision
   
3,438
     
3,592
     
2,867
 
Provision for income tax
   
694
     
660
     
1,009
 
Net stock-based compensation effects on net income
  $
2,744
    $
2,932
    $
1,858
 
(
1
)  Includes acquisition-related compensation expenses of
$249,000
during fiscal
2016.
 
As of
March 31, 2017,
there were approximately
$6.8
million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock options granted. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of
2.6
years.
 
The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of options granted under our equity incentive plans and rights to acquire stock granted under our stock purchase plan. The weighted average estimated fair values of employee stock option grants and rights granted under the Purchase Plan, as well as the weighted average assumptions that were used in calculating such values during the
during fiscal
2017,
2016
and
2015,
were based on estimates at the date of grant as follows:
 
 
 
Stock Options
 
 
Purchase Plan
 
 
 
Year Ended March 31,
 
 
Year Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
Weighted average estimated fair value
of grant per share
  $
4.48
    $
4.83
    $
5.54
    $
3.28
    $
3.33
    $
2.90
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.6
%    
1.8
%    
1.8
%    
0.4
%    
0.1
%    
0.1
%
Expected term in years
   
6.41
     
6.45
     
6.25
     
0.75
     
0.50
     
0.50
 
Volatility
   
40.6
%    
44.9
%    
52.2
%    
37.5
%    
39.8
%    
36.9
%
Dividend yield
   
0.4
%    
1.2
%    
1.0
%    
0.7
%    
1.1
%    
1.1
%
 
We estimate the expected term of options granted based on the historical average period over which the options are exercised by employees. We estimate the volatility of our common stock based on historical volatility measures. We base the risk-free interest rate that is used in the option valuation model on U.S. Treasury
zero
-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the options.
 
We estimate the dividend yield based on the historical trend and our expectation of future dividends. Dividend yield is calculated based on the annualized cash dividends per share declared during the quarter and the closing stock price on the date of grant. We are required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grants and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods.
 
We recognize the estimated compensation cost of restricted stock over the vesting term. The estimated compensation cost is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant.
 
We recognize the compensation cost relating to stock bonuses on the date of grant based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, as such stock bonuses are vested immediately. We did
not
grant any bonus shares during fiscal
2017.
 
Stock compensation activities under our equity incentive plans for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
Available for
 Grant
 
 
Number of
Shares (1)
 
 
Intrinsic
Value (2)
 
 
Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price
 per Share
 
                     
(000)
         
                                 
Balances, March 31, 2014
   
1,930,250
     
5,201,635
    $
8,658
    $
10.22
 
Options granted
   
(249,000
)    
249,000
     
 
    $
11.83
 
Options exercised
   
-
     
(339,374
)   $
1,310
    $
8.62
 
Options cancelled
   
39,750
     
(94,250
)    
 
    $
11.46
 
Options expired
   
26,000
     
(74,500
)    
 
    $
11.17
 
Balances, March 31, 2015
   
1,747,000
     
4,942,511
    $
10,831
    $
10.37
 
Options granted
   
(1,124,000
)    
1,124,000
     
 
    $
11.72
 
Options exercised
   
-
     
(382,826
)   $
1,551
    $
9.02
 
Options cancelled
   
14,500
     
(14,500
)    
 
    $
11.31
 
Options expired
   
-
     
(434,788
)    
 
    $
14.68
 
Balances, March 31, 2016
   
637,500
     
5,234,397
    $
6,456
    $
10.40
 
New shares authorized (3)
   
2,000,000
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Options granted
   
(746,000
)    
746,000
     
 
    $
11.06
 
Options exercised
   
-
     
(859,852
)   $
3,112
    $
9.10
 
Options cancelled
   
7,500
     
(7,500
)    
 
    $
13.37
 
Options expired
   
22,500
     
(27,500
)    
 
    $
11.81
 
Balances, March 31, 2017
   
1,921,500
     
5,085,545
    $
19,570
    $
10.70
 
 
(
1
)
The number of stock options exercised includes shares that were withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the statutory tax withholding requirements.
(
2
)
Except for options exercised, these amounts represent the difference between the exercise price and
$14.55
per share, the closing price of our stock on
March 31, 2017
as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, for all in-the-money, outstanding and exercisable options.
(
3
)
On
August 26, 2016,
our stockholders approved the
2016
Plan, under which
2,000,000
shares of our common stock are reserved for the grant of stock options and other equity incentives.
 
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
March 31, 2017:
 
Options Outstanding
 
 
Options Exercisable
 
Exercise Price
per Share
 
 
Number of
Shares
Outstanding
 
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual Life
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
 
 
Number of
Shares
Exercisable
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
 
$ 5.01
-
7.75
     
576,500
     
1.6
    $
6.66
     
576,500
    $
6.66
 
$ 7.76
-
10.00
     
843,295
     
4.7
    $
9.30
     
783,545
    $
9.30
 
$ 10.01
-
12.50
     
2,890,750
     
6.9
    $
11.31
     
1,417,000
    $
11.51
 
$ 12.51
-
14.50
     
775,000
     
5.4
    $
12.95
     
523,250
    $
12.78
 
$ 5.01
-
14.50
     
5,085,545
     
5.7
    $
10.70
     
3,300,295
    $
10.34
 
 
Of the
5,085,545
options outstanding,
3,300,295
were exercisable on
March 31, 2017
at a weighted average exercise price of
$10.34
per share, with an intrinsic value of
$13.9
million. The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and options exercisable at
March 31, 2017
was
5.7
years and
4.1
years, respectively. The fair value of options that vested during the year ended
March 31, 2017
was
$2.9
million.
 
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
March 31, 2016:
 
Options Outstanding
 
 
Options Exercisable
 
Exercise Price
per Share
 
 
Number of
Shares
Outstanding
 
 
Weighted
Average
Contractual Life
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
 
 
Number of
Shares
Exercisable
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
 
$ 5.01
-
7.75
     
819,897
     
2.6
    $
6.63
     
819,897
    $
6.63
 
$ 7.76
-
10.00
     
1,223,500
     
4.8
    $
9.33
     
1,017,750
    $
9.29
 
$ 10.01
-
12.50
     
2,448,000
     
6.6
    $
11.42
     
1,331,916
    $
11.52
 
$ 12.51
-
13.37
     
743,000
     
6.1
    $
12.96
     
450,000
    $
12.69
 
$ 5.01
-
13.37
     
5,234,397
     
5.5
    $
10.40
     
3,619,563
    $
9.93
 
 
Of the
5,234,397
options outstanding,
3,619,563
were exercisable on
March 31, 2016
at a weighted average exercise price of
$9.93
per share, with an intrinsic value of
$6.0
million. The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and options exercisable at
March 31, 2016
was
5.5
years and
4
years, respectively. The fair value of options that vested during the year ended
March 31, 2016
was
$2.8
million.