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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

3. Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 has been computed using estimated annual effective tax rates. These rates are revised, if necessary, at the end of each successive interim period to reflect current estimates of the annual effective tax rates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the tax provision was comprised of a $59.5 million U.S. federal income tax expense and a $16.5 million foreign income tax benefit. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the tax provision was comprised of a $28.9 million U.S. federal income tax expense and a $27.9 million foreign income tax expense.

Most of the Company’s non–U.S. income is subject to U.S. federal income tax, although a portion of its non–U.S. income is not subject to U.S. federal income tax until repatriated. Foreign taxes on this non–U.S. income are accrued at the local foreign tax rate, as opposed to the higher U.S. statutory rate, since these earnings currently are expected to be indefinitely reinvested overseas. This assumption could change as a result of a sale of the subsidiaries, the receipt of dividends from the subsidiaries, a change in management’s intentions, or as a result of various other events. The Company has not made a provision for U.S. taxes on $10.4 million and $18.7 million of non-U.S. income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. However, in the future, if such earnings were distributed to the Company, taxes of $51.0 million would be payable on the accumulated undistributed earnings and would be reflected in the tax provision for the year in which these earnings are no longer intended to be indefinitely reinvested overseas, assuming all foreign tax credits are realized.

The Company or its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions, as well as foreign jurisdictions. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2013 and foreign examinations for years after 2012.