10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from________ to ________

Commission File Number 1-32961

CBIZ, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation

or organization)

6801 Brecksville Rd, Door N, Independence, Ohio

(Address of principal executive offices)

22-2769024

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

44131

(Zip Code)

(216) 447-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	CBZ	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class of Common Stock	Outstanding at April 24, 2023
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	50,126,705

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION:		Page
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
		Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION:
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
	Item 5.	Other Information	32
	Item 6.	Exhibits	33
	Signature		34

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,265	$	4,697
Restricted cash	25,109		28,487
Accounts receivable, net	442,781		334,498
Other current assets	31,462		29,431
Current assets before funds held for clients	501,617		397,113
Funds held for clients	148,240		171,313
Total current assets	649,857		568,426
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	46,933		45,184
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	1,005,873		951,702
Assets of deferred compensation plan	128,892		118,862
Right-of-use assets, net	193,907		184,043
Other non-current assets	12,734		10,907
Total non-current assets	1,388,339		1,310,698
Total assets	$	2,038,196	$	1,879,124
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	82,705	$	80,725
Income taxes payable	24,895		1,607
Accrued personnel costs	68,934		130,456
Contingent purchase price liabilities	65,152		63,262
Operating lease liabilities	37,324		36,358
Other current liabilities	31,932		26,532
Current liabilities before client fund obligations	310,942		338,940
Client fund obligations	150,216		173,467
Total current liabilities	461,158		512,407
Non-current liabilities:
Bank debt	403,700		265,700
Debt issuance costs	(1,928)		(2,046)
Total long-term debt, net	401,772		263,654
Income taxes payable	2,330		2,211
Deferred income taxes, net	27,013		24,763
Deferred compensation plan obligations	128,892		118,862
Contingent purchase price liabilities	60,604		68,748
Lease liabilities	183,379		174,454
Other non-current liabilities	1,118		573
Total non-current liabilities	805,108		653,265
Total liabilities	1,266,266		1,165,672
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock	1,370		1,363
Additional paid in capital	814,686		799,147
Retained earnings	807,276		734,116
Treasury stock	(853,793)		(824,778)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,391		3,604
Total stockholders’ equity	771,930		713,452
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,038,196	$	1,879,124

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

3

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue	$	454,606	$	391,722
Operating expenses	341,011		290,299
Gross margin	113,595		101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	15,598		16,309
Operating income	97,997		85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(3,641)		(1,259)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99		—
Other income (expense), net	5,112		(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	1,570		(7,666)
Income before income tax expense	99,567		77,448
Income tax expense	26,407		19,321
Net Income	73,160		58,127
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.45	$	1.12
Diluted	$	1.44	$	1.10
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	50,367		52,119
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	50,762		52,955
Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	73,160	$	58,127
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(1,213)		1,925
Comprehensive income	$	71,947	$	60,052

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

4

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Issued Common Shares	Treasury Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive  Income		Totals
December 31, 2022	136,295	86,115	$	1,363	$	799,147	$	734,116	$	(824,778)	$	3,604	$	713,452
Net income	—	—	—		—		73,160		—		—		73,160
Other comprehensive loss	—	—	—		—		—		—		(1,213)		(1,213)
Share repurchases	—	428	—		—		—		(20,791)		—		(20,791)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	—	169	—		—		—		(8,224)		—		(8,224)
Restricted stock units and awards	123	—	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Performance share units	244	—	2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Stock options exercised	189	—	2		3,627		—		—		—		3,629
Stock-based compensation	—	—	—		3,831		—		—		—		3,831
Business acquisitions	173	—	2		8,084		—		—		—		8,086
March 31, 2023	137,024	86,712	$	1,370	$	814,686	$	807,276	$	(853,793)	$	2,391	$	771,930

	Issued Common Shares	Treasury Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Totals
December 31, 2021	135,187	83,149	$	1,352	$	770,117	$	628,762	$	(694,716)	$	(967)	$	704,548
Net income	—	—	—		—		58,127		—		—		58,127
Other comprehensive income	—	—	—		—		—		—		1,925		1,925
Share repurchases	—	148	—		—		—		(5,999)		—		(5,999)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	—	165	—		—		—		(6,373)		—		(6,373)
Restricted stock units and awards	92	—	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Performance share units	211	—	2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Stock options exercised	247	—	3		3,221		—		—		—		3,224
Stock-based compensation	—	—	—		3,689		—		—		—		3,689
Business acquisitions	19	—	—		707		—		—		—		707
March 31, 2022	135,756	83,462	$	1,358	$	777,731	$	686,889	$	(707,088)	$	958	$	759,848

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement

5

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	73,160	$	58,127
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	8,625		8,173
Gain on sale of operations, net	(99)		—
Bad debt expense, net of recoveries	461		549
Adjustment to contingent earnout liability	630		642
Stock-based compensation expense	3,831		3,689
Deferred income taxes	2,641		2,944
Other, net	108		48
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable, net	(99,423)		(93,222)
Other assets	(188)		(2,441)
Accounts payable	1,049		3,370
Income taxes payable	23,408		16,100
Accrued personnel costs	(61,898)		(39,243)
Other liabilities	3,184		(9,626)
Net cash used in operating activities	(44,511)		(50,890)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Business acquisitions and purchases of client lists, net of cash acquired	(39,055)		(72,469)
Purchases of client fund investments	—		(8,450)
Proceeds from the sales and maturities of client fund investments	500		2,370
Proceeds from sales of divested operations	120		55
Change in funds held for clients	5		85
Additions to property and equipment	(3,599)		(833)
Other, net	(3,867)		(2,289)
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,896)		(81,531)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from bank debt	348,600		268,000
Payment of bank debt	(210,600)		(124,400)
Payment for acquisition of treasury stock	(19,776)		(5,199)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	(8,224)		(6,373)
Changes in client funds obligations	(23,251)		42,499
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	3,629		3,224
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisitions and client lists	(28,600)		(7,305)
Net cash provided by financing activities	61,778		170,446
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(28,629)		38,025
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	160,145		150,474
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	131,516	$	188,499
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,265	$	558
Restricted cash	25,109		33,394
Cash equivalents included in funds held for clients	104,142		154,547
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	131,516	$	188,499

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

6

CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Selected Terms Used in Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ASA – Administrative Service Agreement

ASC – Accounting Standards Codification

ASU – Accounting Standards Update

CPA firm – Certified Public Accounting firm

FASB – The Financial Accounting Standards Board

GAAP – United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

SOFR – Secured Overnight Financing Rate

LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate

SEC – United States Securities and Exchange Commission

Description of Business: CBIZ, Inc. is a diversified services company which, acting through its subsidiaries, has been providing professional business services since 1996, primarily to small and medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals, governmental entities, and not-for-profit enterprises throughout the United States and parts of Canada. CBIZ, Inc. manages and reports its operations along three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. A further description of products and services offered by each of the practice groups is provided in Note 12, Segment Disclosures, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of CBIZ, Inc. and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“CBIZ”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect the operations or accounts of variable interest entities as the impact is not material to the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of CBIZ.

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of CBIZ management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates.

Changes in Accounting Policies: We have consistently applied the accounting policies for the periods presented as described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year's presentation.

7

NOTE 2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The FASB ASC is the sole source of authoritative GAAP other than the SEC issued rules and regulations that apply only to SEC registrants. The FASB issues an ASU to communicate changes to the FASB ASC. We assess and review the impact of all issued ASUs. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have implemented all new ASUs that are in effect and that may impact our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts, reflects the net realizable value of receivables and approximates fair value. Unbilled revenue is recorded at estimated net realizable value. Assessing the collectability of the receivables (billed and unbilled) requires management judgment based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, an evaluation of our historical incurred loss experience, credit-worthiness of our clients, age of the trade receivable balance, current economic conditions that may affect a client’s ability to pay, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Receivables are charged-off against the allowance when the balance is deemed uncollectible.

Accounts receivable, net, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts receivable	$	285,876	$	267,409
Unbilled revenue, at net realizable value	178,811		87,890
Total accounts receivable	464,687		355,299
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(21,906)		(20,801)
Accounts receivable, net	$	442,781	$	334,498

Changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	(20,801)	$	(16,158)
Provision	(2,055)		(13,545)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	950		8,902
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	(21,906)	$	(20,801)

NOTE 4. DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

On May 4, 2022, we entered into a credit facility ( the "2022 credit facility" or the "credit facility"), which amended and restated the 2018 credit facility. The 2022 credit facility increased our borrowing capacity from $400 million to $600 million, providing us with the capital necessary to meet our working capital needs as well as the flexibility to continue with our strategic initiatives, including business acquisitions and share repurchases. Other important key terms of the 2022 credit facility included: (i) an accordion feature that permits lenders to extend an additional $200 million at later date; (ii) no change in pricing from the 2018 credit facility; (iii) upsizing of baskets and various sublimits to reflect the increased size of the Company's business; (iv) a swing line facility increase from $25 million to $50 million, providing for same-day funds to cover daily liquidity needs; and (v) base interest rate amended from LIBOR to Term SOFR.

The 2022 credit facility matures on May 4, 2027. The balance outstanding under the 2022 credit facility was $403.7 million and $265.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The combined effective interest rates under the 2018 and 2022 credit facilities, including the impact of interest rate swaps associated with those credit facilities, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

8

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average rates	4.54%	1.79%
Range of effective rates	1.93% - 8.00%	1.08% - 3.64%

We had approximately $190.0 million of available funds under the 2022 credit facility at March 31, 2023, net of outstanding letters of credit of $5.0 million. Available funds under the credit facility are based on a multiple of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization as defined in the credit facility, and are reduced by letters of credit, other indebtedness and outstanding borrowings under the credit facility. Under the 2022 credit facility, loans are charged an interest rate consisting of a base rate or Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin, letters of credit are charged based on the same applicable margin, and a commitment fee is charged on the unused portion of the credit facility.

The 2022 credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens or other encumbrances, making certain payments, investments, or to sell or otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets, or to merge or consolidate with an unaffiliated entity. The 2022 credit facility also limits our ability to make dividend payments. Historically, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. Our Board of Directors has discretion over the payment and level of dividends on common stock, subject to the limitations of the credit facility and applicable law. The credit facility contains a provision that, in the event of a defined change in control, the credit facility may be terminated. In addition, the 2022 credit facility contains financial covenants that require us to meet certain requirements with respect to (i) a total leverage ratio and (ii) minimum interest coverage ratio which may limit our ability to borrow up to the total commitment amount. As of March 31, 2023, we are in compliance with all covenants.

Other Line of Credit - We have an unsecured $20.0 million line of credit by and among CBIZ Benefits and Insurance, Inc. and Huntington National Bank. We utilize this line to support our short-term funding requirements of payroll client fund obligations due to the investment of client funds, rather than liquidating client funds that have already been invested in available-for-sale securities. The line of credit, which was renewed on August 1, 2022 and will terminate on August 3, 2023, did not have a balance outstanding at March 31, 2023.

Interest Expense - Interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, commitment fees, line of credit fees, and other applicable bank charges, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Credit facilities	$	3,640	$	1,259
Other	1		—
Total	$	3,641	$	1,259

NOTE 5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit and Guarantees - We provide letters of credit to landlords (lessors) of our leased premises in lieu of cash security deposits, which totaled $5.0 million and $5.0 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, we provide license bonds to various state agencies to meet certain licensing requirements. The amount of license bonds outstanding was $2.2 million and $2.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Legal Proceedings - On December 19, 2016, CBIZ Operations, Inc. ("CBIZ Operations") was named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed by Zotec Partners, LLC (“Zotec”) in the Marion County Indiana Superior Court. After various amendments, the lawsuit asserted claims under Indiana law for securities, statutory and common law fraud or deception, unjust enrichment, breach of contract, and vicarious liability against CBIZ Operations and a former employee of CBIZ MMP in connection with the sale of the CBIZ MMP medical billing practice to Zotec. The plaintiff claimed that CBIZ Operations had a duty to disclose the fact, unknown to employees of CBIZ Operations at the time of the transaction, that the former employee had a financial arrangement with a Zotec vendor at the time CBIZ Operations sold CBIZ

9

MMP to Zotec. The plaintiff sought damages of up to $177.0 million out of the $200.0 million transaction price. Trial was held in October 2021. The jury found in favor of CBIZ on all fraud, contract and other claims before it. On November 14, 2022, the trial court ruled in favor of CBIZ and against Zotec’s claim for statutory securities fraud. The court also ruled in favor of CBIZ on its counterclaim for indemnification under contract. The trial court is expected to set further proceedings to determine the amount of damages owed by Zotec to CBIZ.

In addition to the item disclosed above, the Company is, from time to time, subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. We cannot predict the outcome of all such matters or estimate the possible loss, if any. Although the proceedings are subject to uncertainties in the litigation process and the ultimate disposition of these proceedings is not presently determinable, we intend to vigorously defend these matters.

NOTE 6. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Available-For-Sale Debt Securities - In connection with certain services provided by our payroll operations, we collect funds from our clients’ accounts in advance of paying client obligations. These funds held for clients are segregated and invested in accordance with our investment policy, which requires all investments carry an investment grade rating at the time of initial investment. These investments, primarily consisting of corporate and municipal bonds, are classified as available-for-sale and are included in the “Funds held for clients” line item on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The par value of these investments totaled $43.9 million and $44.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and had maturity or callable dates ranging from April 2023 through November 2025.

At March 31, 2023, unrealized losses on the securities were not material and have not been recognized as a credit loss because the bonds are investment grade quality and management is not required or does not intend to sell prior to an expected recovery in value. The bond issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments.

The following table summarizes activities related to these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
Fair value at beginning of period	$	43,485	$	38,670
Purchases	—		19,771
Redemptions	—		(5,630)
Maturities	(500)		(6,770)
Change in bond premium	(91)		(645)
Fair market value adjustment	250		(1,911)
Fair value at end of period	$	43,144	$	43,485

In addition to the available-for-sale debt securities discussed above, we also held other depository assets in the amount of $1.0 million and $0.9 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Those depository assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest Rate Swaps - We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure associated with our floating-rate debt under the 2022 credit facility, or the forecasted acquisition of such liability. We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further discussion on our interest rate swaps.

During the first quarter of 2023, we entered into a new 5-year interest rate swap with a notional value of $25.0 million and fixed rate of 3.669%. As of March 31, 2023, we have five interest rate swaps outstanding. Under the terms of the interest rate swaps, we pay interest at a fixed rate of interest plus applicable margin as stated in the amended agreements, and receive interest that varies with the one-month Term SOFR.

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The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swaps and their classification in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2023
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	58	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,127	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,399	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	768	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	25,000	3.669	%	4/14/2028	$	(394)	Other non-current liability

	December 31, 2022
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	133	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,726	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,871	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	1,079	Other non-current asset

Refer to Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, for additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements.

The following table summarizes the effects of the interest rate swaps on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

(Loss) Gain Recognized
in AOCI, net of tax Gain (Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI into Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate swaps	$	(715)	$	2,607	$	897	$	(343)

NOTE 7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table summarizes our assets and (liabilities) at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by us to determine such fair value (in thousands):

	Level	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred compensation plan assets	1	$	128,892	$	118,862
Available-for-sale debt securities	1	43,144		43,485
Other depository assets	1	953		868
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	1	(128,892)		(118,862)
Interest rate swaps	2	5,958		7,809
Contingent purchase price liabilities	3	(125,756)		(132,010)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between the valuation hierarchy Levels 1, 2 and 3. The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 fair values of our contingent purchase price liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (pre-tax basis) (in thousands):

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	2023		2022
Beginning balance – December 31	$	(132,010)	$	(79,139)
Additions from business acquisitions	(24,840)		(64,648)
Settlement of contingent purchase price liabilities	31,724		7,895
Change in fair value of contingencies	(10)		80
Change in net present value of contingencies	(620)		(722)
Ending balance – March 31	$	(125,756)	$	(136,534)

Contingent purchase price liabilities result from our business acquisitions and are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and are presented as “Contingent purchase price liabilities — current” and “Contingent purchase price liabilities — non-current” in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We estimate the fair value of our contingent purchase price liabilities using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. This fair value measure is based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Fair value measurements characterized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect our own assumptions in measuring fair value.

We probability weight risk-adjusted estimates of future performance of acquired businesses, then calculate the contingent purchase price based on the estimates and discount them to present value representing management’s best estimate of fair value. The fair value of the contingent purchase price liabilities is reassessed quarterly based on assumptions provided by practice group leaders and business unit controllers together with our corporate finance department. Any change in the fair value estimate is recorded in the earnings of that period. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, for further discussion of our acquisitions and contingent purchase price liabilities.

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments, and the carrying value of bank debt approximates fair value as the interest rate on the bank debt is variable and approximates current market rates. As a result, the fair value measurement of our bank debt is considered to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 8. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The following table is a summary of other comprehensive (loss) income and discloses the tax impact of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes (1)	$	179	$	(939)
Net unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of income taxes(2)	(1,388)		2,866
Foreign currency translation	(4)		(2)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,213)	$	1,925

(1)Net of income tax expense of $71 and income tax benefit of $352 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Net of income tax benefit of $463 and income tax expense of $928 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

NOTE 9. EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANS

The 2019 Stock Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which expires in 2029, permits the grant of various forms of stock-based awards. The terms and vesting schedules for the stock-based awards vary by type and date of grant. A maximum of 3.1 million stock options, restricted stock or other stock-

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based compensation awards may be granted. Shares subject to award under the 2019 Plan may be either authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or treasury shares. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further discussion on the 2019 Plan.

Compensation expense for stock-based awards recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options	$	768	$	173
Restricted stock units and awards	1,259		1,493
Performance share units	1,804		2,023
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,831	$	3,689

Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units and Awards – The following table presents our stock options and restricted stock units and awards activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Stock Options			Restricted Stock Units and Awards
	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	553	$	21.03	277	$	32.62
Granted	50	$	48.40	88	$	48.40
Exercised or released	(189)	$	19.20	(123)	$	29.87
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16	242	$	39.76
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the shares; awards are granted at no cost to the recipients.

CBIZ utilized the Black-Scholes-Merton options pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant. The per-share fair value of stock options granted on February 8, 2023 was $15.35. The following weighted average assumptions were utilized:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Expected volatility (1)	28.57%
Expected option life (years) (2)	4.74
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.89%
Expected dividend yield (4)	—%

(1) The expected volatility assumption was determined based upon the historical volatility of CBIZ's stock price using daily price intervals.

(2) The expected option life was determined based upon CBIZ's historical data using a midpoint scenario, which assumes all options are exercised halfway between the expiration date and the weighted average time it takes the option to vest.

(3) The risk-free interest rate assumption was based upon zero-coupon U.S. treasury bonds with a term approximating the expected life of the respective options.

(4) The expected dividend yield assumption was determined in view of CBIZ's historical and estimated dividend payouts.

Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) – PSUs are earned based on our financial performance over a contractual term of three years and the associated expense is recognized over that period based on the fair value of the award. A three-year cliff vesting schedule of the PSUs is dependent upon the Company’s performance relative to pre-established goals based on an earnings per share target

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(weighted 70%) and total growth in revenue (weighted 30%). The fair value of PSUs is calculated using the market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. For performance achieved above specified levels, the recipient may earn additional shares of stock, not to exceed 200% of the number of PSUs initially granted.

The following table presents our PSU award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Unit (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	482	$	28.84
Granted	88	$	48.40
Vested	(244)	$	25.75
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	326	$	36.46

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the performance share units; PSUs are granted at no cost to the recipients.

NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income	$	73,160	$	58,127
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding	50,367		52,119
Diluted
Stock options (1)	271		619
Restricted stock units and awards (1)	122		217
Contingent shares (2)	2		—
Diluted weighted average common shares    outstanding (3)	50,762		52,955
Basic earnings per share	$	1.45	$	1.12
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.44	$	1.10

(1)A total of 80 thousand and 55 thousand shares of stock-based awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(2)Contingent shares represent additional shares to be issued for purchase price earned by former owners of businesses acquired by us once future considerations have been met. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, for further details.

(3)The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share did not include 326 thousand and 363 thousand performance share units for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The performance conditions associated with these performance share units were not met and consequently none of these performance share units were considered as issuable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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NOTE 11. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Business Combinations

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we completed the following acquisitions:

•Effective January 1, 2023, we acquired all of the assets of Danenhauer and Danenhauer, Inc, ("Danenhauer and Danenhauer"). Danenhauer and Danenhauer, based in California, is a provider of forensic accounting, business valuation, expert witness testimony, and other services for businesses and individuals. Danenhauer and Danenhauer is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

•Effective February 1, 2023, we acquired the non-attest assets of Somerset CPAs and Advisors ("Somerset"). Somerset, based in Indianapolis, IN, is a provider of a full range of accounting, tax, and financial advisory services to clients in a wide array of industries. Somerset is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we completed the following acquisition:

•Effective January 1, 2022, we acquired all of the non-attest assets of Marks Paneth LLP ("Marks Paneth"). Marks Paneth, based in New York City, is a provider of a full range of accounting, tax and consulting services to a wide range of industries. Marks Paneth is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

The 2023 acquisitions are expected to add approximately $56.1 million annualized revenue in 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded approximately $1.6 million in non-recurring transaction, retention and integration related costs associated with the Somerset acquisition. Pro forma results of operations for these acquisitions have not been presented because the effects of these acquisitions were not material, either individually or in aggregate, to our total revenue and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the consideration and purchase price allocation for the acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Common stock issued (number)	102		—
Common stock value	$	4,795	$	—
Cash paid	38,972		72,469
Recorded contingent consideration	24,840		64,648
Total recorded purchase price	$	68,607	$	137,117
Accounts receivable acquired	7,040		18,230
Fixed assets acquired	1,201		1,793
Identifiable intangible assets acquired	22,518		48,000
Operating lease right-of-use asset acquired	14,598		49,291
Other assets acquired	1,126		1,497
Operating lease liability acquired - current	(1,012)		(5,860)
Other current liabilities acquired	(406)		(909)
Operating lease liability acquired - non-current	(13,586)		(43,431)
Goodwill	37,128		68,506
Total net assets acquired	$	68,607	$	137,117
Maximum potential contingent consideration	$	26,099	$	67,115

Provisional estimates of fair value are established at the time of each acquisition and are subsequently reviewed within the first year of operations subsequent to the acquisition date to determine the necessity for adjustments. Fair value estimates of the 2023 acquisitions were provisional as of March 31, 2023, primarily related to the value established for certain identifiable intangible assets and contingent purchase price consideration.

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The following table summarizes the goodwill and intangible asset amounts resulting from those acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	Financial Services		Financial Services
Goodwill	$	37,128	$	68,506
Client list	22,500		48,000
Other intangibles	18		—
Total	$	59,646	$	116,506

Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the aggregated purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill represents the value of expected future earnings and cash flows, as well as the synergies created by the integration of the new businesses within our organization, including cross- selling opportunities expected with our Financial Services practice group and the Benefits and Insurance Services practice group, to help strengthen our existing service offerings and expand our market position. Goodwill related to these acquisitions is deductible for tax purposes. Client lists from the aforementioned acquisitions have an expected life up to 10 years, and other intangibles, primarily non-compete agreements, have an expected life of 3 years. Client lists and non-compete agreements are valued using a discounted cash flow model based on management estimates of future cash flows from such assets.

The following table summarizes the changes in contingent purchase price consideration for previous acquisitions and contingent payments made for previous business acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net expense	$	630	$	642
Cash settlement paid	$	28,434	$	7,077
Shares issued (number)	70		19

NOTE 12. SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

Our business units have been aggregated into three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. The business units have been aggregated based on the following factors: similarity of the products and services provided to clients; similarity of the regulatory environment in which they operate; and similarity of economic conditions affecting long-term performance. The business units are managed along these segment lines. A general description of services provided by each practice group is provided in the table below.

Financial Services	Benefits and Insurance Services	National Practices
Accounting and Tax	Employee Benefits Consulting	Information Technology Managed Networking and Hardware Services
Financial Advisory	Payroll / Human Capital Management	Healthcare Consulting
Valuation	Property and Casualty Insurance
Risk and Advisory Services	Retirement and Investment Services
Government Healthcare Consulting

Corporate and Other - Included in Corporate and Other are operating expenses that are not directly allocated to the individual business units. These expenses primarily consist of certain health care costs, gains or losses attributable to assets held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, stock-based

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compensation, consolidation and integration charges, certain professional fees, certain advertising costs and other various expenses.

Accounting policies of the practice groups are the same as those described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Upon consolidation, intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated, thus inter-segment revenue is not included in the measure of profit or loss for the practice groups. Performance of the practice groups is evaluated on income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) excluding those costs listed above, which are reported in the “Corporate and Other”.

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below. We do not manage our assets on a segment basis, therefore segment assets are not presented below.

The following table disaggregates our revenue by source (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	343,086	—		—		$	343,086
Core benefits and insurance services	—		96,617		—		96,617
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,437		—		3,437
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		8,954		8,954
National practices consulting	—		—		2,512		2,512
Total revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	454,606

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	288,746	—		—		$	288,746
Core benefits and insurance services	—		88,936		—		88,936
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,550		—		3,550
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		7,921		7,921
National practices consulting	—		—		2,569		2,569
Total revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	391,722

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	—	$	454,606
Operating expenses	244,443		76,923		10,583		9,062		341,011
Gross margin	98,643		23,131		883		(9,062)		113,595
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		15,598		15,598
Operating income (loss)	98,643		23,131		883		(24,660)		97,997
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		(1)		—		(3,640)		(3,641)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99		—		—		—		99
Other income, net	255		177		—		4,680		5,112
Total other income, net	354		176		—		1,040		1,570
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	98,997	$	23,307	$	883	$	(23,620)	$	99,567

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	—	$	391,722
Operating expenses (income)	209,800		72,657		9,576		(1,734)		290,299
Gross margin	78,946		19,829		914		1,734		101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		16,309		16,309
Operating income (loss)	78,946		19,829		914		(14,575)		85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,259)		(1,259)
Other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(6,469)		(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(7,728)		(7,666)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	79,032	$	19,805	$	914	$	(22,303)	$	77,448

NOTE 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to March 31, 2023 and up to April 26, 2023, we repurchased approximately 0.2 million shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of approximately $10.6 million.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we”, “us”, “our”, "CBIZ" or the "Company" shall mean CBIZ, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its operating subsidiaries.

The following discussion is intended to assist in the understanding of our financial position at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and should also be read in conjunction with the disclosures and information contained in “Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

OVERVIEW

We provide professional business services, products and solutions that help our clients grow and succeed by better managing their finances and employees. These services are provided to businesses of various sizes, as well as individuals, governmental entities and not-for-profit enterprises throughout the United States and parts of Canada. We deliver integrated services through three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services, and National Practices. Refer to Note 12, Segment Disclosures, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a general description of services provided by each practice group.

Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further discussion of our business and strategies, as well as the external relationships and regulatory factors that currently impact our operations.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by $62.9 million, or 16.1%, to $454.6 million from $391.7 million for the same period in 2022. Same-unit revenue increased by approximately $39.3 million, or 10.0%, as compared to the same period in 2022. Revenue from newly acquired operations, net of divestitures, contributed $23.6 million, or 6.1%, of incremental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. A detailed discussion of revenue by practice group is included under "Operating Practice Groups". Net income was $73.2 million, or $1.44 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $58.1 million, or $1.10 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2022. Refer to “Results of Operations" for a detailed discussion of the components of net income.

Strategic Use of Capital

Our first priority for use of capital is to make strategic acquisitions. We also have the financing flexibility and the capacity to actively repurchase shares of our common stock. We believe that repurchasing shares of our common stock can be a prudent use of our financial resources, and that investing in our stock is an attractive use of capital and an efficient means to provide value to our stockholders. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we completed two acquisitions for $39.0 million in cash. We also repurchased 0.6 million shares of our common stock on open market as well as for tax withholding purposes at a total cost of approximately $29.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on acquisitions.

During the first quarter of 2023, the CBIZ Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 5.0 million shares of our common stock under our Share Repurchase Program (the “Share Repurchase Program”), which may be suspended or discontinued at any time and expires on April 1, 2024. The shares may be purchased in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, and pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which may include purchases from our employees, officers and directors, in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules. CBIZ management will determine the timing and amount of the transactions based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenue

The following tables summarize total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total		$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Financial Services	$	343,086	75.5	%	$	288,746	73.7	%	$	54,340	18.8	%
Benefits and Insurance Services	100,054		22.0	%	92,486		23.6	%	7,568		8.2	%
National Practices	11,466		2.5	%	10,490		2.7	%	976		9.3	%
Total CBIZ	$	454,606	100.0	%	$	391,722	100.0	%	$	62,884	16.1	%

A detailed discussion of same-unit revenue by practice group is included under “Operating Practice Groups.”

Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan

We sponsor a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, under which a CBIZ employee’s compensation deferral is held in a rabbi trust and invested accordingly as directed by the employee. Income and expenses related to the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which are recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, are included in “Operating expenses”, “Gross margin” and “Corporate general and administrative expenses” and are directly offset by deferred compensation gains or losses in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan has no impact on “Income before income tax expense” or diluted earnings per share.

Income and expenses related to the deferred compensation plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Amounts in thousands)
Operating expenses (income)	$	4,760	$	(5,667)
Corporate general and administrative expenses (income)	642		(811)
Other income (expense), net	5,402		(6,478)

Excluding the impact of the above-mentioned income and expenses related to the deferred compensation plan, the operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023								2022
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
	As Reported		Deferred Compensation Plan		Adjusted		% of Revenue		As Reported		Deferred Compensation Plan		Adjusted		% of Revenue
Gross margin	$	113,595	$	4,760	$	118,355	26.0	%	$	101,423	$	(5,667)	$	95,756	24.4	%
Operating income	97,997		5,402		103,399		22.7	%	85,114		(6,478)		78,636		20.1	%
Other income (expense), net	5,112		(5,402)		(290)		(0.1)	%	(6,407)		6,478		71		—	%
Income before income tax expense	99,567		—		99,567		21.9	%	77,448		—		77,448		19.8	%

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Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Operating expenses by segment:
Financial Services	$	244,443		$	209,800		$	34,643	16.5	%
Benefits and Insurance Services	76,923			72,657			4,266		5.9	%
National Practices	10,583			9,576			1,007		10.5	%
Corporate and Other	9,062			(1,734)			10,796		(622.6)	%
Total Operating expenses	$	341,011		$	290,299		$	50,712	17.5	%
Operating expenses % of revenue	75.0		%	74.1		%
Operating expenses excluding deferred compensation	$	336,251		$	295,966		$	40,285	13.6	%
Operating expenses excluding deferred    compensation % of revenue	74.0		%	75.6		%

Total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by $50.7 million, or 17.5%, to $341.0 million as compared to $290.3 million in the same period of 2022. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan increased operating expenses by $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and decreased operating expenses by $5.7 million during the same period in 2022. Excluding the non-qualified deferred compensation expenses, which were recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, operating expenses would have been $336.3 million and $296.0 million, or 74.0% and 75.6% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included approximately $0.4 million non-recurring integration and retention costs associated with the Somerset acquisition, and operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 included $4.4 million non-recurring integration and retention costs associated with the Marks Paneth acquisition.

The majority of our operating expenses relate to personnel costs, which include (i) salaries and benefits, (ii) commissions paid to producers, (iii) incentive compensation, and (iv) stock-based compensation. Excluding the impact of deferred compensation, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, operating expenses increased by approximately $40.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, driven by $34.0 million higher personnel costs (of which $11.5 million was the result of acquisitions), $2.8 million higher travel and entertainment costs, $1.4 million higher technology related costs, $0.4 million higher depreciation and amortization expense, and $0.2 million higher facility costs, as well as $1.5 million higher other discretionary spending to support business growth. Personnel costs are discussed in further detail under “Operating Practice Groups”.

Corporate General & Administrative (“G&A”) Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
G&A expenses	$	15,598		$	16,309		$	(711)	(4.4)	%
G&A expenses % of revenue	3.4		%	4.2		%
G&A expenses excluding deferred compensation	$	14,956		$	17,120		$	(2,164)	(12.6)	%
G&A expenses excluding deferred compensation % of revenue	3.3		%	4.4		%

The deferred compensation plan increased G&A expenses by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and decreased G&A expenses by $0.8 million during the same period in 2022. G&A expenses, excluding the impact of the deferred compensation plan, would have been $15.0 million, or 3.3% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $17.1 million, or 4.4% of revenue, for the same period in 2022, a decrease of

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approximately $2.2 million. The decrease was primarily driven by $2.0 million lower legal and other professional fees as well as $0.2 million lower personnel costs. In addition, G&A expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included approximately $1.2 million non-recurring transaction and integration costs associated with the Somerset acquisition. G&A expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 included $1.6 million non-recurring transaction and integration costs associated with the Marks Paneth acquisition.

Other Income (Expense), Net

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Interest expense	$	(3,641)	$	(1,259)	$	(2,382)	N/M
Other income (expense), net (1)	5,112		(6,407)		11,519		N/M
Total other income (expense), net	$	1,570	$	(7,666)	$	9,236	N/M

(1) Other income (expense), net includes a net gain of $5.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a net loss of $6.5 million for the same period in 2022, associated with the value of investments held in a rabbi trust related to the deferred compensation plan, which were recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes. The adjustments to the investments held in a rabbi trust related to the deferred compensation plan are offset by a corresponding increase or decrease to compensation expense, which is recorded as “Operating expenses” and “G&A expenses.” The deferred compensation plan has no impact on “Income before income tax expense” or diluted earnings per share. In addition, included in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, is expense of $0.6 million and $0.6 million respectively, related to net changes in the fair value of contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions.

Interest Expense - Our primary financing arrangement is the credit facility which was amended and restated in May 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our average debt balance and weighted average effective interest rate was $302.2 million and 4.54%, compared to $244.7 million and 1.79% for the same period of 2022. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily driven by a higher average debt balance as well as a higher weighted average effective interest rate. Our indebtedness is further discussed in Note 4, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other Income (Expense), Net - For the three months ended March 31, 2023, other income (expense), net includes a net gain of $5.4 million associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. For the same period in 2022, other income (expense), net includes a net loss of $6.5 million associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Excluding the impact of the deferred compensation plan, other income (expense), net decreased by $0.4 million in 2023 as compared to 2022 primarily due to a $0.4 million lower other miscellaneous income in 2023.

Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Income tax expense	$	26,407		$	19,321		$	7,086	36.7	%
Effective tax rate	26.5		%	24.9		%

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 26.5%, compared to an effective tax rate of 24.9% for the comparable period in 2022. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a smaller proportional tax benefit as compared to pre-tax income related to stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same quarter in 2022. The effective tax rate further increased due to the tax effect of higher non-deductible expenses and higher state tax expense during the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.

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Operating Practice Groups

We deliver our integrated services through three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services, and National Practices. A description of these groups' operating results and factors affecting their businesses is provided below.

Same-unit revenue represents total revenue adjusted to reflect comparable periods of activity for acquisitions and divestitures. Divested operations represent operations that did not meet the criteria for treatment as discontinued operations.

Financial Services

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue
Same-unit	$	319,175		$	288,746		$	30,429	10.5	%
Acquired businesses	23,911			—			23,911		N/M
Total revenue	$	343,086		$	288,746		$	54,340	18.8	%
Operating expenses	244,443			209,800			34,643		16.5	%
Gross margin / Operating income	$	98,643		$	78,946		$	19,697	24.9	%
Total other income, net	354			86			268		N/M
Income before income tax expense	98,997			79,032			19,965		25.3	%
Gross margin percent	28.8		%	27.3		%

Revenue

The Financial Services practice group revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 grew by 18.8% to $343.1 million from $288.7 million during the same period in 2022. Same-unit revenue grew by $30.4 million, or 10.5%, across all service lines, primarily driven by those units that provide traditional accounting and tax-related services, which increased $24.5 million, and an increase of approximately $4.1 million in those units that provide project-oriented advisory services, as well as an increase of $1.8 million in government healthcare compliance business. The impact of acquired businesses contributed $23.9 million, or 7.0% of 2023 revenue, of which Somerset and Stinnett contributed a total of $23.6 million, or 6.8% of the Financial Services practice group's 2023 revenue.

We provide a range of services to affiliated CPA firms under joint referral and administrative service agreements (“ASAs”). Fees earned under the ASAs are recorded as revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and were approximately $84.8 million and $76.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased by $34.6 million, or 16.5%, as compared to the same period last year. Personnel costs increased by $28.2 million, or 13.4%, with acquisitions contributing approximately $11.5 million to the increase. Compared to the same period in 2022, travel and entertainment costs, corporate allocated costs, technology costs, depreciation and amortization costs, direct costs, marketing costs, and bad debt increased by approximately $1.9 million, $1.6 million, $0.8 million, $0.5 million, $0.4 million, $0.2 million, and $0.1 million respectively. In addition, other discretionary costs increased by approximately $2.4 million to support the business growth. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 71.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 72.7% of revenue for the prior year quarter.

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Benefits and Insurance Services

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue
Same-unit	$	100,054		$	92,194		$	7,860	8.5	%
Divested operations	—			292			(292)		N/M
Total revenue	$	100,054		$	92,486		$	7,568	8.2	%
Operating expenses	76,923			72,657			4,266		5.9	%
Gross margin / Operating income	$	23,131		$	19,829		$	3,302	16.7	%
Total other income (expense), net	176			(24)			200		N/M
Income before income tax expense	23,307			19,805			3,502		17.7	%
Gross margin percent	23.1		%	21.4		%

Revenue

The Benefits and Insurance Services practice group revenue increased by $7.6 million, or 8.2%, to $100.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $92.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was across all service lines, primarily driven by $3.9 million increase in employee benefit and retirement benefit services lines, $2.2 million increase in the property and casualty services, and $1.6 million in payroll related services, offset by $0.1 million decrease in other project based services.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased by $4.3 million, or 5.9%, when compared to the same period last year. Personnel costs increased by $3.5 million, or 4.9%, primarily due to timing of annual merit increases as well as investment in producers. Compared to the same period in 2022, travel and entertainment cost, corporate allocated costs, technology costs, marketing and recruiting costs, as well as direct costs increased by approximately $0.5 million, $0.5 million, $0.3 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million, respectively. The increase in operating expenses was offset by $0.3 million lower facility costs, $0.3 million lower depreciation and amortization costs, as well as $0.2 million lower bad debt expense as compared to the same period in 2022. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue slightly improved to 76.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 from 78.6% of revenue for the same period in 2022.

National Practices

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Same-unit revenue	$	11,466		$	10,490		$	976	9.3	%
Operating expenses	10,583			9,576			1,007		10.5	%
Income before income tax expense	883			914			(31)		(3.4)	%
Gross margin percent	7.7		%	8.7		%

Revenue and Operating Expenses

The National Practices group is primarily driven by a cost-plus contract with a single client, which has existed since 1999. The cost-plus contract is a five-year contract with the most recent renewal through December 31, 2023. Revenues from this single client accounted for approximately 75% of the National Practice group’s revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, revenue increased by $1.0 million, or 9.3%, and operating expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 10.5%, as compared to the same period last year.

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Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other are operating expenses that are not directly allocated to the individual business units. These expenses primarily consist of certain health care costs, gains or losses attributable to assets held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, stock-based compensation, consolidation and integration charges, certain professional fees, certain advertising costs and other various expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change	% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Operating expenses (income)	$	9,062	$	(1,734)	10,796	N/M
Corporate general and administrative expenses	15,598		16,309		(711)	(4.4)	%
Operating loss	(24,660)		(14,575)		(10,085)	69.2	%
Total other income (expense), net	1,040		(7,728)		8,768	N/M
Loss before income tax expense	(23,620)		(22,303)		(1,317)	5.9	%

Total operating expenses increased by $10.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan increased operating expenses by $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and decreased operating expenses by $5.7 million during the same period in 2022. Excluding the non-qualified deferred compensation expenses, operating expenses for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 would have remained flat at $4.3 million.

Total corporate general and administrative expenses decreased by $0.7 million, or 4.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan increased corporate general and administrative expenses by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, but decreased by $0.8 million during the same period in 2022. Excluding the non-qualified deferred compensation expenses, corporate general and administrative expense decreased by approximately $2.2 million, primarily driven by $2.0 million lower legal and other professional fees as well as $0.2 million lower personnel costs.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Total other income (expense), net increased by $8.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total other income, net includes a net gain of $5.4 million associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. For the same period in 2022, other expense, net includes a net loss of $6.5 million associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Excluding the impact of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, total other expense, net would have been $4.4 million in 2023 and $1.3 million in 2022, a change of $3.1 million primarily attributed to $2.4 million higher interest expense and $0.7 million lower other miscellaneous income in 2023 as compared to 2022.

LIQUIDITY

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operating activities and financing activities. Our cash flows from operating activities are driven primarily by our operating results and changes in our working capital requirements while our cash flows from financing activities are dependent upon our ability to access credit or other capital. We historically maintain low cash levels and apply any available cash to pay down the outstanding debt balance.

We historically experience a use of cash to fund working capital requirements during the first quarter of each fiscal year. This is primarily due to the seasonal accounting and tax services period under the Financial Services practice group, as well as payment of accrued employees' incentives programs. Upon completion of the seasonal accounting and tax services period, cash provided by operations during the remaining three quarters of the fiscal year substantially exceeds the use of cash in the first quarter of the fiscal year.

Accounts receivable balances increase in response to the first three months' revenue generated by the Financial Services practice group. A significant amount of this revenue is billed and collected in subsequent quarters. Days

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sales outstanding (“DSO”) represent accounts receivable and unbilled revenue (net of realization adjustments) at the end of the period, divided by trailing twelve months daily revenue. We provide DSO data because such data is commonly used as a performance measure by analysts and investors and as a measure of our ability to collect on receivables in a timely manner. DSO was 94 days at both March 31, 2023 and 2022. DSO at December 31, 2022 was 74 days.

The following table presents selected cash flow information. For additional details, refer to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Amounts in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(44,511)	$	(50,890)
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,896)		(81,531)
Net cash provided by financing activities	61,778		170,446
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(28,629)	$	38,025

Operating Activities - Cash used in operating activities was $44.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and primarily consisted of working capital use of $133.9 million, which was offset by net income of $73.2 million and certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expense of $8.6 million, deferred income tax of $2.6 million, and stock-based compensation expense of $3.8 million. Cash used in operating activities was $50.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and primarily consisted of working capital use of $125.1 million, which was offset by net income of $58.1 million and certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expense of $8.2 million, deferred income tax of $2.9 million, and stock-based compensation expense of $3.7 million.

Investing Activities - Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $45.9 million and consisted primarily of $39.1 million used for business acquisitions, $3.6 million in capital expenditures, and $3.9 million in other investing activities primarily related to working capital payments and notes receivable. The use of cash was offset by $0.6 million net cash inflow related to funds held for clients and other activities. Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $81.5 million and consisted primarily of $72.5 million used for business acquisition, $0.8 million in capital expenditures, $6.0 million net activity related to funds held for clients, and $2.3 million in other activities related to working capital payments and notes receivable.

The balances in funds held for clients and client fund obligations can fluctuate with the timing of cash receipts and the related cash payments. The nature of these accounts is further described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Financing Activities - Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $61.8 million and primarily consisted of $138.0 million in net proceeds from the credit facility and $3.6 million proceeds from exercise of stock options, partially offset by $28.0 million in share repurchases, $23.3 million net decrease in client fund obligations and $28.6 million in contingent consideration payments related to prior acquisitions. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $170.4 million and primarily consisted of $143.6 million in net proceeds from the credit facility, $42.5 million net increase in client fund obligations and $3.2 million proceeds from exercise of stock options, partially offset by $11.6 million in share repurchases and $7.3 million in contingent consideration payments related to prior acquisitions.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Credit Facility - At March 31, 2023, we had $403.7 million outstanding under the 2022 credit facility as well as $5.0 million outstanding letters of credit. Available funds under the 2022 credit facility, based on the terms of the commitment, were approximately $190.0 million at March 31, 2023. The weighted average interest rate under the credit facility was 4.54% during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 1.79% for the same period in 2022. The credit facility allows for the allocation of funds for future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions and the repurchase of our common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2022 credit facility.

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Debt Covenant Compliance - Under the 2022 credit facility, we are required to meet certain financial covenants with respect to (i) total leverage ratio and (ii) minimum interest charge coverage ratio. We are in compliance with our financial covenants as of March 31, 2023. Our ability to service our debt and to fund future strategic initiatives will depend upon our ability to generate cash in the future. For further discussion regarding our 2022 credit facility and debt, refer to Note 4, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Capital - Our first priority for use of capital is to make strategic acquisitions. We also have the financing flexibility and the capacity to actively repurchase shares of our common stock. We believe that repurchasing shares of our common stock can be a prudent use of our financial resources, and that investing in our stock is an attractive use of capital and an efficient means to provide value to our stockholders. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we completed two acquisitions for $39.0 million in cash. We also repurchased 0.6 million shares of our common stock at a total cost of approximately $29.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on acquisitions.

Cash Requirements for 2023 - Cash requirements for the remainder of 2023 will include acquisitions, interest payments on debt, seasonal working capital requirements, contingent purchase price payments for previous acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. We believe that cash provided by operations, as well as available funds under our credit facility will be sufficient to meet cash requirements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We maintain administrative service agreements with independent CPA firms (as described more fully under “Business – Financial Services” and in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022), which qualify as variable interest entities. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect the operations or accounts of variable interest entities as the impact is not material to the financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of CBIZ.

We provide letters of credit to landlords (lessors) of our leased premises in lieu of cash security deposits, which totaled $5.0 million at each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In addition, we provide license bonds to various state agencies to meet certain licensing requirements. The amount of license bonds outstanding was $2.2 million and $2.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

We have various agreements under which we may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations, warranties, covenants or agreements, related to matters such as title to assets sold and certain tax matters. Payment by us under such indemnification clauses is generally conditioned upon the other party making a claim. Such claims are typically subject to challenge by us and to dispute resolution procedures specified in the particular contract. Further, our obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or amount and, in some instances, we may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by us. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of our obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, we have not made any payments under these agreements that have been material individually or in the aggregate. As of March 31, 2023, we are not aware of any material obligations arising under indemnification agreements that would require payment.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make

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estimates and judgments that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As more information becomes known, these estimates and assumptions could change, which would have an impact on actual results that may differ materially from these estimates and judgments under different assumptions. We have not made any changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report, including without limitation, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" regarding our financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives for future performance are forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are commonly identified by the use of such terms and phrases as "intends", "believes", "estimates", "expects", "projects", "anticipates", "foreseeable future", "seeks", and words or phrases of similar import in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, future performance or results of current and anticipated services, sales efforts, expenses, and financial results.

From time to time, we may also provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any other public statements that we make, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s business and operations and those of our clients; the Company’s ability to adequately manage and sustain its growth; the Company’s dependence on the current trend of outsourcing business services; the Company’s dependence on the services of its CEO and other key employees; competitive pricing pressures; general business and economic conditions; and changes in governmental regulation and tax laws affecting the Company’s insurance business or its business service operations. Such forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected.

Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. A more detailed description of risk factors may be found in “Item 1A, Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Except as required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our filings with the SEC, such as quarterly, periodic and annual reports.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our floating rate debt under the 2022 credit facility exposes us to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk results when the maturity or repricing intervals of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are different. A change in the Federal Funds Rate, or the reference rate set by Bank of America, N.A., would affect the rate at which we could borrow funds under the credit facility. The balance outstanding under our credit facility at March 31, 2023 was $403.7 million, of which $263.7 million is subject to rate risk. If market rates were to increase or decrease 100 basis points from the levels at March 31, 2023, interest expense would increase or decrease approximately $2.6 million annually.

We do not engage in trading market risk sensitive instruments. We periodically use interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure. The interest rate swaps effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk, primarily through converting portions of our floating rate debt under the credit facility to a fixed rate basis. These agreements involve the receipt or payment of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the life of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts.

At March 31, 2023, we had five interest rate swaps with notional values, fixed rates of interest and expiration dates of (i) $15.0 million - 2.571% - June, 2023, (ii) $50.0 million - 0.834% - April, 2025, (iii) $30.0 million - 1.186% - December, 2026, (iv) $20.0 million - 2.450% - August, 2027 and (v) $25.0 million - 3.669% - April, 2028, respectively. Management will continue to evaluate the potential use of interest rate swaps as we deem appropriate under certain operating and market conditions. We do not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

In connection with the services provided by our payroll operations, funds collected from our clients’ accounts in advance are segregated and may be invested in short-term investments, such as corporate and municipal bonds. In accordance with our investment policy, all investments carry an investment grade rating at the time of the initial acquisition, and are classified as available-for-sale securities. At each respective balance sheet date, these investments are adjusted to fair value with fair value adjustments being recorded to other comprehensive income or loss and reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the respective period. If an investment is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired due to credit loss, then the adjustment is recorded to "Other income (expense), net" in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Refer to Note 6, Financial Instruments, and Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding these investments and the related fair value assessments.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation (“Controls Evaluation”) was done with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). Disclosure Controls are controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure Controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. Although our Disclosure Controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objective, a control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of a control system are met. Further, any control system reflects limitations on resources, and the benefits of a control system must be considered relative to its costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within CBIZ have been detected. These

29

inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of a control. A design of a control system is also based upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

Conclusions

Our Disclosure Controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and, based upon the Controls Evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, CBIZ’s Disclosure Controls were effective at that reasonable assurance level.

(b) Internal Control over Financial Reporting

On February 1, 2023, we completed the Somerset acquisition. We are in the process of integrating Somerset into our system of internal control over financial reporting. Except for the Somerset acquisition, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

30

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are involved is incorporated by reference from Note 5, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC. These risks could materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of CBIZ.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) Recent sales of unregistered securities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, approximately 70 thousand shares of our common stock were issued as payment for contingent consideration for previous acquisitions. The foregoing shares were issued in transactions not involving a public offering in reliance on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The persons to whom the shares were issued had access to full information about the Company and represented that they acquired the shares for their own account and not for the purpose of distribution. The certificates for the shares contain a restrictive legend advising that the shares may not be offered for sale, sold, or otherwise transferred without having first been registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from the Securities Act.

(b) Issuer purchases of equity securities

On February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized the continuation of the Share Repurchase Program, which has been renewed annually for the past nineteen years. It was effective beginning April 1, 2023, and the amount of shares to be purchased was reset to five million, and expires one year from the effective date. The Share Repurchase Program allows us to purchase shares of our common stock (i) in the open market, (ii) in privately negotiated transactions, and (iii) under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Privately negotiated transactions may include purchases from our employees, Officers and Directors, in accordance with SEC rules. Rule 10b5-1 trading plans allow for repurchases during periods when we would not normally be active in the trading market due to regulatory restrictions. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended at any time.

Shares repurchased under the Share Repurchase Program during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (reported on a trade-date basis) are summarized in the table below (amounts in thousands, except per share data). Average price paid per share includes fees and commissions.

	Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
First Quarter Purchases	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
January 1 – January 31, 2023	50	$	46.98	50	2,297
February 1 – February 28, 2023	254	$	49.00	254	2,043
March 1 – March 31, 2023	293	$	48.60	293	1,750
First quarter purchases	597	$	48.64	597

According to the terms of our 2022 credit facility, our ability to declare or make any dividend payments is limited. Refer to Note 4, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of working capital restrictions and limitations on the payment of dividends.

31

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

32

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 *	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 *	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 **	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 **	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document*
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in the Exhibit 101 attachments)

*    Indicates documents filed herewith.

**    Indicates document furnished herewith.

33

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			CBIZ, Inc.
			(Registrant)
Date:	April 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Ware H. Grove
			Ware H. Grove
			Chief Financial Officer
			Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF CBIZ, INC.

I, Jerome P. Grisko, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBIZ, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s first fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 28, 2023	/s/ JEROME P. GRISKO, JR.
	Jerome P. Grisko, Jr.
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF CBIZ, INC.

I, Ware H. Grove, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBIZ, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s first fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 28, 2023	/s/ WARE H. GROVE
	Ware H. Grove
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF CBIZ, INC.

This certification is provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and accompanies the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 (the “Form 10-Q”) of CBIZ, Inc. (the “Issuer”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof.

I, Jerome P. Grisko, Jr., the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Issuer, certify that to the best of my knowledge:

(i)the Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii)the information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.

Date: April 28, 2023	/s/ JEROME P. GRISKO, JR.
	Jerome P. Grisko, Jr.
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Subscribed and sworn to before me on this 28th day of April, 2023.

/s/ MICHAEL W. GLEESPEN
Name:	Michael W. Gleespen
Title:	Notary Public & Attorney-At-Law

Registered in Franklin County, Ohio

No Expiration Date

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF CBIZ, INC.

This certification is provided pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and accompanies the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 (the “Form 10-Q”) of CBIZ, Inc. (the “Issuer”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof.

I, Ware H. Grove, the Chief Financial Officer of the Issuer, certify that to the best of my knowledge:

(i)the Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii)the information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.

Date: April 28, 2023	/s/ WARE H. GROVE
	Ware H. Grove
	Chief Financial Officer

Subscribed and sworn to before me on this 28th day of April, 2023.

/s/ MICHAEL W. GLEESPEN
Name:	Michael W. Gleespen
Title:	Notary Public & Attorney-At-Law

Registered in Franklin County, Ohio

No Expiration Date

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 24, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-32961
Entity Registrant Name	CBIZ, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-2769024
Entity Address, Address Line One	6801 Brecksville Rd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Door N
Entity Address, City or Town	Independence
Entity Address, State or Province	OH
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	44131
City Area Code	216
Local Phone Number	447-9000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value
Trading Symbol	CBZ
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		50,126,705
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Central Index Key	0000944148
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,265	$ 4,697
Restricted cash	25,109	28,487
Accounts receivable, net	442,781	334,498
Other current assets	31,462	29,431
Current assets before funds held for clients	501,617	397,113
Funds held for clients	148,240	171,313
Total current assets	649,857	568,426
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	46,933	45,184
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	1,005,873	951,702
Assets of deferred compensation plan	128,892	118,862
Right-of-use assets, net	193,907	184,043
Other non-current assets	12,734	10,907
Total non-current assets	1,388,339	1,310,698
Total assets	2,038,196	1,879,124
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	82,705	80,725
Income taxes payable	24,895	1,607
Accrued personnel costs	68,934	130,456
Contingent purchase price liabilities	65,152	63,262
Operating lease liabilities	37,324	36,358
Other current liabilities	31,932	26,532
Current liabilities before client fund obligations	310,942	338,940
Client fund obligations	150,216	173,467
Total current liabilities	461,158	512,407
Non-current liabilities:
Bank debt	403,700	265,700
Debt issuance costs	(1,928)	(2,046)
Total long-term debt, net	401,772	263,654
Income taxes payable	2,330	2,211
Deferred income taxes, net	27,013	24,763
Deferred compensation plan obligations	128,892	118,862
Contingent purchase price liabilities	60,604	68,748
Lease liabilities	183,379	174,454
Other non-current liabilities	1,118	573
Total non-current liabilities	805,108	653,265
Total liabilities	1,266,266	1,165,672
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock	1,370	1,363
Additional paid in capital	814,686	799,147
Retained earnings	807,276	734,116
Treasury stock	(853,793)	(824,778)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,391	3,604
Total stockholders’ equity	771,930	713,452
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 2,038,196	$ 1,879,124

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 454,606	$ 391,722
Operating expenses	341,011	290,299
Gross margin	113,595	101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	15,598	16,309
Operating income	97,997	85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(3,641)	(1,259)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99	0
Other income (expense), net	5,112	(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	1,570	(7,666)
Income before income tax expense	99,567	77,448
Income tax expense	26,407	19,321
Net income	$ 73,160	$ 58,127
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.45	$ 1.12
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.44	$ 1.10
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	50,367	52,119
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	50,762	52,955
Comprehensive income:
Net income	$ 73,160	$ 58,127
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(1,213)	1,925
Comprehensive income	$ 71,947	$ 60,052

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Restricted Stock Units and Awards	Performance share units	Common Stock	Common Stock Restricted Stock Units and Awards	Common Stock Performance share units	Treasury Shares	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Restricted Stock Units and Awards	Additional Paid-In Capital Performance share units	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				135,187
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021							83,149
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 704,548			$ 1,352			$ (694,716)	$ 770,117			$ 628,762	$ (967)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	58,127										58,127
Other comprehensive loss (income)	1,925											1,925
Share repurchases (in shares)							148
Share repurchases	(5,999)						$ (5,999)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding (in shares)							165
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	(6,373)						$ (6,373)
Restricted stock units and awards and Performance share units (in shares)					92	211
Restricted stock units and awards and Performance share units		$ 0	$ 0		$ 1	$ 2			$ (1)	$ (2)
Stock options exercised (in shares)				247
Stock options exercised	3,224			$ 3				3,221
Stock-based compensation	3,689							3,689
Business acquisitions (in shares)				19
Business acquisitions	707							707
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022				135,756
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022							83,462
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	759,848			$ 1,358			$ (707,088)	777,731			686,889	958
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022				136,295
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022							86,115
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	713,452			$ 1,363			$ (824,778)	799,147			734,116	3,604
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	73,160										73,160
Other comprehensive loss (income)	(1,213)											(1,213)
Share repurchases (in shares)							428
Share repurchases	(20,791)						$ (20,791)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding (in shares)							169
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	(8,224)						$ (8,224)
Restricted stock units and awards and Performance share units (in shares)			244		123
Restricted stock units and awards and Performance share units	$ 0		$ 0		$ 1	$ 2			$ (1)	$ (2)
Stock options exercised (in shares)	189			189
Stock options exercised	$ 3,629			$ 2				3,627
Stock-based compensation	3,831							3,831
Business acquisitions (in shares)				173
Business acquisitions	8,086			$ 2				8,084
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023				137,024
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023							86,712
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 771,930			$ 1,370			$ (853,793)	$ 814,686			$ 807,276	$ 2,391

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 73,160	$ 58,127
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	8,625	8,173
Gain on sale of operations, net	(99)	0
Bad debt expense, net of recoveries	461	549
Adjustment to contingent earnout liability	630	642
Stock-based compensation expense	3,831	3,689
Deferred income taxes	2,641	2,944
Other, net	108	48
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable, net	(99,423)	(93,222)
Other assets	(188)	(2,441)
Accounts payable	1,049	3,370
Income taxes payable	23,408	16,100
Accrued personnel costs	(61,898)	(39,243)
Other liabilities	3,184	(9,626)
Net cash used in operating activities	(44,511)	(50,890)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Business acquisitions and purchases of client lists, net of cash acquired	(39,055)	(72,469)
Purchases of client fund investments	0	(8,450)
Proceeds from the sales and maturities of client fund investments	500	2,370
Proceeds from sales of divested operations	120	55
Change in funds held for clients	5	85
Additions to property and equipment	(3,599)	(833)
Other, net	(3,867)	(2,289)
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,896)	(81,531)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from bank debt	348,600	268,000
Payment of bank debt	(210,600)	(124,400)
Payment for acquisition of treasury stock	(19,776)	(5,199)
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholding	(8,224)	(6,373)
Changes in client funds obligations	(23,251)	42,499
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	3,629	3,224
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisitions and client lists	(28,600)	(7,305)
Net cash provided by financing activities	61,778	170,446
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(28,629)	38,025
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	160,145	150,474
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	131,516	188,499
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,265	558
Restricted cash	25,109	33,394
Cash equivalents included in funds held for clients	104,142	154,547
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 131,516	$ 188,499

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Selected Terms Used in Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ASA – Administrative Service Agreement

ASC – Accounting Standards Codification

ASU – Accounting Standards Update

CPA firm – Certified Public Accounting firm

FASB – The Financial Accounting Standards Board

GAAP – United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

SOFR – Secured Overnight Financing Rate

LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate

SEC – United States Securities and Exchange Commission

Description of Business: CBIZ, Inc. is a diversified services company which, acting through its subsidiaries, has been providing professional business services since 1996, primarily to small and medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals, governmental entities, and not-for-profit enterprises throughout the United States and parts of Canada. CBIZ, Inc. manages and reports its operations along three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. A further description of products and services offered by each of the practice groups is provided in Note 12, Segment Disclosures, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of CBIZ, Inc. and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“CBIZ”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect the operations or accounts of variable interest entities as the impact is not material to the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of CBIZ.

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of CBIZ management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates.

Changes in Accounting Policies: We have consistently applied the accounting policies for the periods presented as described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year's presentation.

XML

New Accounting Pronouncements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
New Accounting Pronouncements	NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSThe FASB ASC is the sole source of authoritative GAAP other than the SEC issued rules and regulations that apply only to SEC registrants. The FASB issues an ASU to communicate changes to the FASB ASC. We assess and review the impact of all issued ASUs. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have implemented all new ASUs that are in effect and that may impact our consolidated financial statements.

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Accounts Receivable, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, Net

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts, reflects the net realizable value of receivables and approximates fair value. Unbilled revenue is recorded at estimated net realizable value. Assessing the collectability of the receivables (billed and unbilled) requires management judgment based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, an evaluation of our historical incurred loss experience, credit-worthiness of our clients, age of the trade receivable balance, current economic conditions that may affect a client’s ability to pay, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Receivables are charged-off against the allowance when the balance is deemed uncollectible.

Accounts receivable, net, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts receivable	$	285,876	$	267,409
Unbilled revenue, at net realizable value	178,811		87,890
Total accounts receivable	464,687		355,299
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(21,906)		(20,801)
Accounts receivable, net	$	442,781	$	334,498

Changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	(20,801)	$	(16,158)
Provision	(2,055)		(13,545)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	950		8,902
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	(21,906)	$	(20,801)

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Debt and Financing Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt and Financing Arrangements

DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

On May 4, 2022, we entered into a credit facility ( the "2022 credit facility" or the "credit facility"), which amended and restated the 2018 credit facility. The 2022 credit facility increased our borrowing capacity from $400 million to $600 million, providing us with the capital necessary to meet our working capital needs as well as the flexibility to continue with our strategic initiatives, including business acquisitions and share repurchases. Other important key terms of the 2022 credit facility included: (i) an accordion feature that permits lenders to extend an additional $200 million at later date; (ii) no change in pricing from the 2018 credit facility; (iii) upsizing of baskets and various sublimits to reflect the increased size of the Company's business; (iv) a swing line facility increase from $25 million to $50 million, providing for same-day funds to cover daily liquidity needs; and (v) base interest rate amended from LIBOR to Term SOFR.

The 2022 credit facility matures on May 4, 2027. The balance outstanding under the 2022 credit facility was $403.7 million and $265.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The combined effective interest rates under the 2018 and 2022 credit facilities, including the impact of interest rate swaps associated with those credit facilities, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average rates	4.54%	1.79%
Range of effective rates	1.93% - 8.00%	1.08% - 3.64%

We had approximately $190.0 million of available funds under the 2022 credit facility at March 31, 2023, net of outstanding letters of credit of $5.0 million. Available funds under the credit facility are based on a multiple of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization as defined in the credit facility, and are reduced by letters of credit, other indebtedness and outstanding borrowings under the credit facility. Under the 2022 credit facility, loans are charged an interest rate consisting of a base rate or Term SOFR rate plus an applicable margin, letters of credit are charged based on the same applicable margin, and a commitment fee is charged on the unused portion of the credit facility.

The 2022 credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens or other encumbrances, making certain payments, investments, or to sell or otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets, or to merge or consolidate with an unaffiliated entity. The 2022 credit facility also limits our ability to make dividend payments. Historically, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. Our Board of Directors has discretion over the payment and level of dividends on common stock, subject to the limitations of the credit facility and applicable law. The credit facility contains a provision that, in the event of a defined change in control, the credit facility may be terminated. In addition, the 2022 credit facility contains financial covenants that require us to meet certain requirements with respect to (i) a total leverage ratio and (ii) minimum interest coverage ratio which may limit our ability to borrow up to the total commitment amount. As of March 31, 2023, we are in compliance with all covenants.

Other Line of Credit - We have an unsecured $20.0 million line of credit by and among CBIZ Benefits and Insurance, Inc. and Huntington National Bank. We utilize this line to support our short-term funding requirements of payroll client fund obligations due to the investment of client funds, rather than liquidating client funds that have already been invested in available-for-sale securities. The line of credit, which was renewed on August 1, 2022 and will terminate on August 3, 2023, did not have a balance outstanding at March 31, 2023.

Interest Expense - Interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, commitment fees, line of credit fees, and other applicable bank charges, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Credit facilities	$	3,640	$	1,259
Other	1		—
Total	$	3,641	$	1,259

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit and Guarantees - We provide letters of credit to landlords (lessors) of our leased premises in lieu of cash security deposits, which totaled $5.0 million and $5.0 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, we provide license bonds to various state agencies to meet certain licensing requirements. The amount of license bonds outstanding was $2.2 million and $2.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Legal Proceedings - On December 19, 2016, CBIZ Operations, Inc. ("CBIZ Operations") was named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed by Zotec Partners, LLC (“Zotec”) in the Marion County Indiana Superior Court. After various amendments, the lawsuit asserted claims under Indiana law for securities, statutory and common law fraud or deception, unjust enrichment, breach of contract, and vicarious liability against CBIZ Operations and a former employee of CBIZ MMP in connection with the sale of the CBIZ MMP medical billing practice to Zotec. The plaintiff claimed that CBIZ Operations had a duty to disclose the fact, unknown to employees of CBIZ Operations at the time of the transaction, that the former employee had a financial arrangement with a Zotec vendor at the time CBIZ Operations sold CBIZ

MMP to Zotec. The plaintiff sought damages of up to $177.0 million out of the $200.0 million transaction price. Trial was held in October 2021. The jury found in favor of CBIZ on all fraud, contract and other claims before it. On November 14, 2022, the trial court ruled in favor of CBIZ and against Zotec’s claim for statutory securities fraud. The court also ruled in favor of CBIZ on its counterclaim for indemnification under contract. The trial court is expected to set further proceedings to determine the amount of damages owed by Zotec to CBIZ.In addition to the item disclosed above, the Company is, from time to time, subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. We cannot predict the outcome of all such matters or estimate the possible loss, if any. Although the proceedings are subject to uncertainties in the litigation process and the ultimate disposition of these proceedings is not presently determinable, we intend to vigorously defend these matters.

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Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Available-For-Sale Debt Securities - In connection with certain services provided by our payroll operations, we collect funds from our clients’ accounts in advance of paying client obligations. These funds held for clients are segregated and invested in accordance with our investment policy, which requires all investments carry an investment grade rating at the time of initial investment. These investments, primarily consisting of corporate and municipal bonds, are classified as available-for-sale and are included in the “Funds held for clients” line item on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The par value of these investments totaled $43.9 million and $44.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and had maturity or callable dates ranging from April 2023 through November 2025.

At March 31, 2023, unrealized losses on the securities were not material and have not been recognized as a credit loss because the bonds are investment grade quality and management is not required or does not intend to sell prior to an expected recovery in value. The bond issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments.

The following table summarizes activities related to these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
Fair value at beginning of period	$	43,485	$	38,670
Purchases	—		19,771
Redemptions	—		(5,630)
Maturities	(500)		(6,770)
Change in bond premium	(91)		(645)
Fair market value adjustment	250		(1,911)
Fair value at end of period	$	43,144	$	43,485

In addition to the available-for-sale debt securities discussed above, we also held other depository assets in the amount of $1.0 million and $0.9 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Those depository assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest Rate Swaps - We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure associated with our floating-rate debt under the 2022 credit facility, or the forecasted acquisition of such liability. We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further discussion on our interest rate swaps.

During the first quarter of 2023, we entered into a new 5-year interest rate swap with a notional value of $25.0 million and fixed rate of 3.669%. As of March 31, 2023, we have five interest rate swaps outstanding. Under the terms of the interest rate swaps, we pay interest at a fixed rate of interest plus applicable margin as stated in the amended agreements, and receive interest that varies with the one-month Term SOFR.

The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swaps and their classification in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2023
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	58	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,127	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,399	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	768	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	25,000	3.669	%	4/14/2028	$	(394)	Other non-current liability

	December 31, 2022
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	133	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,726	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,871	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	1,079	Other non-current asset

Refer to Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, for additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements.

The following table summarizes the effects of the interest rate swaps on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

(Loss) Gain Recognized
in AOCI, net of tax Gain (Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI into Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate swaps	$	(715)	$	2,607	$	897	$	(343)

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table summarizes our assets and (liabilities) at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by us to determine such fair value (in thousands):

	Level	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred compensation plan assets	1	$	128,892	$	118,862
Available-for-sale debt securities	1	43,144		43,485
Other depository assets	1	953		868
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	1	(128,892)		(118,862)
Interest rate swaps	2	5,958		7,809
Contingent purchase price liabilities	3	(125,756)		(132,010)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between the valuation hierarchy Levels 1, 2 and 3. The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 fair values of our contingent purchase price liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (pre-tax basis) (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Beginning balance – December 31	$	(132,010)	$	(79,139)
Additions from business acquisitions	(24,840)		(64,648)
Settlement of contingent purchase price liabilities	31,724		7,895
Change in fair value of contingencies	(10)		80
Change in net present value of contingencies	(620)		(722)
Ending balance – March 31	$	(125,756)	$	(136,534)

Contingent purchase price liabilities result from our business acquisitions and are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and are presented as “Contingent purchase price liabilities — current” and “Contingent purchase price liabilities — non-current” in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We estimate the fair value of our contingent purchase price liabilities using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. This fair value measure is based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Fair value measurements characterized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect our own assumptions in measuring fair value.

We probability weight risk-adjusted estimates of future performance of acquired businesses, then calculate the contingent purchase price based on the estimates and discount them to present value representing management’s best estimate of fair value. The fair value of the contingent purchase price liabilities is reassessed quarterly based on assumptions provided by practice group leaders and business unit controllers together with our corporate finance department. Any change in the fair value estimate is recorded in the earnings of that period. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, for further discussion of our acquisitions and contingent purchase price liabilities.

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments, and the carrying value of bank debt approximates fair value as the interest rate on the bank debt is variable and approximates current market rates. As a result, the fair value measurement of our bank debt is considered to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

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Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The following table is a summary of other comprehensive (loss) income and discloses the tax impact of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes (1)	$	179	$	(939)
Net unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of income taxes(2)	(1,388)		2,866
Foreign currency translation	(4)		(2)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,213)	$	1,925

(1)Net of income tax expense of $71 and income tax benefit of $352 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Net of income tax benefit of $463 and income tax expense of $928 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Employee Stock Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Employee Stock Plans

EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANSThe 2019 Stock Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which expires in 2029, permits the grant of various forms of stock-based awards. The terms and vesting schedules for the stock-based awards vary by type and date of grant. A maximum of 3.1 million stock options, restricted stock or other stock-

based compensation awards may be granted. Shares subject to award under the 2019 Plan may be either authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or treasury shares. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further discussion on the 2019 Plan.

Compensation expense for stock-based awards recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options	$	768	$	173
Restricted stock units and awards	1,259		1,493
Performance share units	1,804		2,023
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,831	$	3,689

Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units and Awards – The following table presents our stock options and restricted stock units and awards activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Stock Options			Restricted Stock Units and Awards
	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	553	$	21.03	277	$	32.62
Granted	50	$	48.40	88	$	48.40
Exercised or released	(189)	$	19.20	(123)	$	29.87
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16	242	$	39.76
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the shares; awards are granted at no cost to the recipients.

CBIZ utilized the Black-Scholes-Merton options pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant. The per-share fair value of stock options granted on February 8, 2023 was $15.35. The following weighted average assumptions were utilized:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Expected volatility (1)	28.57%
Expected option life (years) (2)	4.74
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.89%
Expected dividend yield (4)	—%

(1) The expected volatility assumption was determined based upon the historical volatility of CBIZ's stock price using daily price intervals.

(2) The expected option life was determined based upon CBIZ's historical data using a midpoint scenario, which assumes all options are exercised halfway between the expiration date and the weighted average time it takes the option to vest.

(3) The risk-free interest rate assumption was based upon zero-coupon U.S. treasury bonds with a term approximating the expected life of the respective options.

(4) The expected dividend yield assumption was determined in view of CBIZ's historical and estimated dividend payouts.

Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) – PSUs are earned based on our financial performance over a contractual term of three years and the associated expense is recognized over that period based on the fair value of the award. A three-year cliff vesting schedule of the PSUs is dependent upon the Company’s performance relative to pre-established goals based on an earnings per share target

(weighted 70%) and total growth in revenue (weighted 30%). The fair value of PSUs is calculated using the market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. For performance achieved above specified levels, the recipient may earn additional shares of stock, not to exceed 200% of the number of PSUs initially granted.

The following table presents our PSU award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Unit (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	482	$	28.84
Granted	88	$	48.40
Vested	(244)	$	25.75
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	326	$	36.46

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the performance share units; PSUs are granted at no cost to the recipients.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income	$	73,160	$	58,127
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding	50,367		52,119
Diluted
Stock options (1)	271		619
Restricted stock units and awards (1)	122		217
Contingent shares (2)	2		—
Diluted weighted average common shares    outstanding (3)	50,762		52,955
Basic earnings per share	$	1.45	$	1.12
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.44	$	1.10

(1)A total of 80 thousand and 55 thousand shares of stock-based awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(2)Contingent shares represent additional shares to be issued for purchase price earned by former owners of businesses acquired by us once future considerations have been met. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, for further details.

(3)The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share did not include 326 thousand and 363 thousand performance share units for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The performance conditions associated with these performance share units were not met and consequently none of these performance share units were considered as issuable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Business Combinations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combinations

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Business Combinations

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we completed the following acquisitions:

•Effective January 1, 2023, we acquired all of the assets of Danenhauer and Danenhauer, Inc, ("Danenhauer and Danenhauer"). Danenhauer and Danenhauer, based in California, is a provider of forensic accounting, business valuation, expert witness testimony, and other services for businesses and individuals. Danenhauer and Danenhauer is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

•Effective February 1, 2023, we acquired the non-attest assets of Somerset CPAs and Advisors ("Somerset"). Somerset, based in Indianapolis, IN, is a provider of a full range of accounting, tax, and financial advisory services to clients in a wide array of industries. Somerset is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we completed the following acquisition:

•Effective January 1, 2022, we acquired all of the non-attest assets of Marks Paneth LLP ("Marks Paneth"). Marks Paneth, based in New York City, is a provider of a full range of accounting, tax and consulting services to a wide range of industries. Marks Paneth is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.

The 2023 acquisitions are expected to add approximately $56.1 million annualized revenue in 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded approximately $1.6 million in non-recurring transaction, retention and integration related costs associated with the Somerset acquisition. Pro forma results of operations for these acquisitions have not been presented because the effects of these acquisitions were not material, either individually or in aggregate, to our total revenue and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the consideration and purchase price allocation for the acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Common stock issued (number)	102		—
Common stock value	$	4,795	$	—
Cash paid	38,972		72,469
Recorded contingent consideration	24,840		64,648
Total recorded purchase price	$	68,607	$	137,117
Accounts receivable acquired	7,040		18,230
Fixed assets acquired	1,201		1,793
Identifiable intangible assets acquired	22,518		48,000
Operating lease right-of-use asset acquired	14,598		49,291
Other assets acquired	1,126		1,497
Operating lease liability acquired - current	(1,012)		(5,860)
Other current liabilities acquired	(406)		(909)
Operating lease liability acquired - non-current	(13,586)		(43,431)
Goodwill	37,128		68,506
Total net assets acquired	$	68,607	$	137,117
Maximum potential contingent consideration	$	26,099	$	67,115

Provisional estimates of fair value are established at the time of each acquisition and are subsequently reviewed within the first year of operations subsequent to the acquisition date to determine the necessity for adjustments. Fair value estimates of the 2023 acquisitions were provisional as of March 31, 2023, primarily related to the value established for certain identifiable intangible assets and contingent purchase price consideration.

The following table summarizes the goodwill and intangible asset amounts resulting from those acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	Financial Services		Financial Services
Goodwill	$	37,128	$	68,506
Client list	22,500		48,000
Other intangibles	18		—
Total	$	59,646	$	116,506

Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the aggregated purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill represents the value of expected future earnings and cash flows, as well as the synergies created by the integration of the new businesses within our organization, including cross- selling opportunities expected with our Financial Services practice group and the Benefits and Insurance Services practice group, to help strengthen our existing service offerings and expand our market position. Goodwill related to these acquisitions is deductible for tax purposes. Client lists from the aforementioned acquisitions have an expected life up to 10 years, and other intangibles, primarily non-compete agreements, have an expected life of 3 years. Client lists and non-compete agreements are valued using a discounted cash flow model based on management estimates of future cash flows from such assets.

The following table summarizes the changes in contingent purchase price consideration for previous acquisitions and contingent payments made for previous business acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net expense	$	630	$	642
Cash settlement paid	$	28,434	$	7,077
Shares issued (number)	70		19

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Segment Disclosures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Disclosures

SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

Our business units have been aggregated into three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. The business units have been aggregated based on the following factors: similarity of the products and services provided to clients; similarity of the regulatory environment in which they operate; and similarity of economic conditions affecting long-term performance. The business units are managed along these segment lines. A general description of services provided by each practice group is provided in the table below.

Financial Services	Benefits and Insurance Services	National Practices
Accounting and Tax	Employee Benefits Consulting	Information Technology Managed Networking and Hardware Services
Financial Advisory	Payroll / Human Capital Management	Healthcare Consulting
Valuation	Property and Casualty Insurance
Risk and Advisory Services	Retirement and Investment Services
Government Healthcare Consulting

Corporate and Other - Included in Corporate and Other are operating expenses that are not directly allocated to the individual business units. These expenses primarily consist of certain health care costs, gains or losses attributable to assets held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, stock-based

compensation, consolidation and integration charges, certain professional fees, certain advertising costs and other various expenses.

Accounting policies of the practice groups are the same as those described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Upon consolidation, intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated, thus inter-segment revenue is not included in the measure of profit or loss for the practice groups. Performance of the practice groups is evaluated on income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) excluding those costs listed above, which are reported in the “Corporate and Other”.

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below. We do not manage our assets on a segment basis, therefore segment assets are not presented below.

The following table disaggregates our revenue by source (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	343,086	—		—		$	343,086
Core benefits and insurance services	—		96,617		—		96,617
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,437		—		3,437
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		8,954		8,954
National practices consulting	—		—		2,512		2,512
Total revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	454,606

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	288,746	—		—		$	288,746
Core benefits and insurance services	—		88,936		—		88,936
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,550		—		3,550
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		7,921		7,921
National practices consulting	—		—		2,569		2,569
Total revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	391,722

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	—	$	454,606
Operating expenses	244,443		76,923		10,583		9,062		341,011
Gross margin	98,643		23,131		883		(9,062)		113,595
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		15,598		15,598
Operating income (loss)	98,643		23,131		883		(24,660)		97,997
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		(1)		—		(3,640)		(3,641)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99		—		—		—		99
Other income, net	255		177		—		4,680		5,112
Total other income, net	354		176		—		1,040		1,570
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	98,997	$	23,307	$	883	$	(23,620)	$	99,567

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	—	$	391,722
Operating expenses (income)	209,800		72,657		9,576		(1,734)		290,299
Gross margin	78,946		19,829		914		1,734		101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		16,309		16,309
Operating income (loss)	78,946		19,829		914		(14,575)		85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,259)		(1,259)
Other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(6,469)		(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(7,728)		(7,666)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	79,032	$	19,805	$	914	$	(22,303)	$	77,448

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Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	SUBSEQUENT EVENTSSubsequent to March 31, 2023 and up to April 26, 2023, we repurchased approximately 0.2 million shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of approximately $10.6 million.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of Business

Description of Business: CBIZ, Inc. is a diversified services company which, acting through its subsidiaries, has been providing professional business services since 1996, primarily to small and medium-sized businesses, as well as individuals, governmental entities, and not-for-profit enterprises throughout the United States and parts of Canada. CBIZ, Inc. manages and reports its operations along three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. A further description of products and services offered by each of the practice groups is provided in Note 12, Segment Disclosures, to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation

Basis of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of CBIZ, Inc. and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“CBIZ”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect the operations or accounts of variable interest entities as the impact is not material to the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of CBIZ.

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

In the opinion of CBIZ management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be anticipated for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates.

Changes in Accounting Policies

Changes in Accounting Policies: We have consistently applied the accounting policies for the periods presented as described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year's presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSThe FASB ASC is the sole source of authoritative GAAP other than the SEC issued rules and regulations that apply only to SEC registrants. The FASB issues an ASU to communicate changes to the FASB ASC. We assess and review the impact of all issued ASUs. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have implemented all new ASUs that are in effect and that may impact our consolidated financial statements.

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Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts receivable	$	285,876	$	267,409
Unbilled revenue, at net realizable value	178,811		87,890
Total accounts receivable	464,687		355,299
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(21,906)		(20,801)
Accounts receivable, net	$	442,781	$	334,498

Schedule of Changes in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts on Accounts Receivable

Changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and twelve months ended December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	(20,801)	$	(16,158)
Provision	(2,055)		(13,545)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	950		8,902
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	(21,906)	$	(20,801)

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Debt and Financing Arrangements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Unsecured Credit Facility

The combined effective interest rates under the 2018 and 2022 credit facilities, including the impact of interest rate swaps associated with those credit facilities, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Weighted average rates	4.54%	1.79%
Range of effective rates	1.93% - 8.00%	1.08% - 3.64%

Summary of Recognized Interest Expense

Interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, commitment fees, line of credit fees, and other applicable bank charges, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Credit facilities	$	3,640	$	1,259
Other	1		—
Total	$	3,641	$	1,259

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Summary of Investments

The following table summarizes activities related to these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
Fair value at beginning of period	$	43,485	$	38,670
Purchases	—		19,771
Redemptions	—		(5,630)
Maturities	(500)		(6,770)
Change in bond premium	(91)		(645)
Fair market value adjustment	250		(1,911)
Fair value at end of period	$	43,144	$	43,485

Summary of Outstanding Interest Rate Swaps

The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swaps and their classification in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2023
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	58	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,127	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,399	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	768	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	25,000	3.669	%	4/14/2028	$	(394)	Other non-current liability

	December 31, 2022
	Notional Amount		Fixed Rate		Expiration	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location
Interest rate swap	$	15,000	2.571	%	6/1/2023	$	133	Other current asset
Interest rate swap	$	50,000	0.834	%	4/14/2025	$	3,726	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	30,000	1.186	%	12/14/2026	$	2,871	Other non-current asset
Interest rate swap	$	20,000	2.450	%	8/14/2027	$	1,079	Other non-current asset

Summary of Effects of Interest Rate Swap

The following table summarizes the effects of the interest rate swaps on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

(Loss) Gain Recognized
in AOCI, net of tax Gain (Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI into Expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest rate swaps	$	(715)	$	2,607	$	897	$	(343)

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes our assets and (liabilities) at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by us to determine such fair value (in thousands):

	Level	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred compensation plan assets	1	$	128,892	$	118,862
Available-for-sale debt securities	1	43,144		43,485
Other depository assets	1	953		868
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	1	(128,892)		(118,862)
Interest rate swaps	2	5,958		7,809
Contingent purchase price liabilities	3	(125,756)		(132,010)

Summary of Change in Level 3 Fair Values of Contingent Purchase Price Liabilities

The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 fair values of our contingent purchase price liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (pre-tax basis) (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Beginning balance – December 31	$	(132,010)	$	(79,139)
Additions from business acquisitions	(24,840)		(64,648)
Settlement of contingent purchase price liabilities	31,724		7,895
Change in fair value of contingencies	(10)		80
Change in net present value of contingencies	(620)		(722)
Ending balance – March 31	$	(125,756)	$	(136,534)

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Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Other Comprehensive Income and Tax Impact

The following table is a summary of other comprehensive (loss) income and discloses the tax impact of each component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes (1)	$	179	$	(939)
Net unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of income taxes(2)	(1,388)		2,866
Foreign currency translation	(4)		(2)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,213)	$	1,925

(1)Net of income tax expense of $71 and income tax benefit of $352 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Net of income tax benefit of $463 and income tax expense of $928 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Employee Stock Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Awards

Compensation expense for stock-based awards recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options	$	768	$	173
Restricted stock units and awards	1,259		1,493
Performance share units	1,804		2,023
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,831	$	3,689

Schedule of Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and Awards, and Performance Share Units Award Activity

The following table presents our stock options and restricted stock units and awards activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Stock Options			Restricted Stock Units and Awards
	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	553	$	21.03	277	$	32.62
Granted	50	$	48.40	88	$	48.40
Exercised or released	(189)	$	19.20	(123)	$	29.87
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16	242	$	39.76
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	414	$	25.16

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the shares; awards are granted at no cost to the recipients.

The following table presents our PSU award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Unit (1)
Outstanding at beginning of year	482	$	28.84
Granted	88	$	48.40
Vested	(244)	$	25.75
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	326	$	36.46

(1)Represents weighted average market value of the performance share units; PSUs are granted at no cost to the recipients.

Schedule of Fair Value Option Award Weighted Average Assumptions Used

The following weighted average assumptions were utilized:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Expected volatility (1)	28.57%
Expected option life (years) (2)	4.74
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.89%
Expected dividend yield (4)	—%

(1) The expected volatility assumption was determined based upon the historical volatility of CBIZ's stock price using daily price intervals.

(2) The expected option life was determined based upon CBIZ's historical data using a midpoint scenario, which assumes all options are exercised halfway between the expiration date and the weighted average time it takes the option to vest.

(3) The risk-free interest rate assumption was based upon zero-coupon U.S. treasury bonds with a term approximating the expected life of the respective options.

(4) The expected dividend yield assumption was determined in view of CBIZ's historical and estimated dividend payouts.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net Income	$	73,160	$	58,127
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding	50,367		52,119
Diluted
Stock options (1)	271		619
Restricted stock units and awards (1)	122		217
Contingent shares (2)	2		—
Diluted weighted average common shares    outstanding (3)	50,762		52,955
Basic earnings per share	$	1.45	$	1.12
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.44	$	1.10

(1)A total of 80 thousand and 55 thousand shares of stock-based awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(2)Contingent shares represent additional shares to be issued for purchase price earned by former owners of businesses acquired by us once future considerations have been met. Refer to Note 11, Business Combinations, for further details.

(3)The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share did not include 326 thousand and 363 thousand performance share units for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The performance conditions associated with these performance share units were not met and consequently none of these performance share units were considered as issuable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Business Combinations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Summary of Aggregated Consideration And Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the consideration and purchase price allocation for the acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Common stock issued (number)	102		—
Common stock value	$	4,795	$	—
Cash paid	38,972		72,469
Recorded contingent consideration	24,840		64,648
Total recorded purchase price	$	68,607	$	137,117
Accounts receivable acquired	7,040		18,230
Fixed assets acquired	1,201		1,793
Identifiable intangible assets acquired	22,518		48,000
Operating lease right-of-use asset acquired	14,598		49,291
Other assets acquired	1,126		1,497
Operating lease liability acquired - current	(1,012)		(5,860)
Other current liabilities acquired	(406)		(909)
Operating lease liability acquired - non-current	(13,586)		(43,431)
Goodwill	37,128		68,506
Total net assets acquired	$	68,607	$	137,117
Maximum potential contingent consideration	$	26,099	$	67,115

Summary of Segment Allocation

The following table summarizes the goodwill and intangible asset amounts resulting from those acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	Financial Services		Financial Services
Goodwill	$	37,128	$	68,506
Client list	22,500		48,000
Other intangibles	18		—
Total	$	59,646	$	116,506

Summary of Contingent Consideration

The following table summarizes the changes in contingent purchase price consideration for previous acquisitions and contingent payments made for previous business acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net expense	$	630	$	642
Cash settlement paid	$	28,434	$	7,077
Shares issued (number)	70		19

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Segment Disclosures (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Source

The following table disaggregates our revenue by source (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	343,086	—		—		$	343,086
Core benefits and insurance services	—		96,617		—		96,617
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,437		—		3,437
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		8,954		8,954
National practices consulting	—		—		2,512		2,512
Total revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	454,606

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Consolidated
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting	$	288,746	—		—		$	288,746
Core benefits and insurance services	—		88,936		—		88,936
Non-core benefits and insurance services	—		3,550		—		3,550
Managed networking, hardware services	—		—		7,921		7,921
National practices consulting	—		—		2,569		2,569
Total revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	391,722

Summary of Segment Information

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	343,086	$	100,054	$	11,466	$	—	$	454,606
Operating expenses	244,443		76,923		10,583		9,062		341,011
Gross margin	98,643		23,131		883		(9,062)		113,595
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		15,598		15,598
Operating income (loss)	98,643		23,131		883		(24,660)		97,997
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		(1)		—		(3,640)		(3,641)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99		—		—		—		99
Other income, net	255		177		—		4,680		5,112
Total other income, net	354		176		—		1,040		1,570
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	98,997	$	23,307	$	883	$	(23,620)	$	99,567

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Financial Services		Benefits and Insurance Services		National Practices		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenue	$	288,746	$	92,486	$	10,490	$	—	$	391,722
Operating expenses (income)	209,800		72,657		9,576		(1,734)		290,299
Gross margin	78,946		19,829		914		1,734		101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	—		—		—		16,309		16,309
Operating income (loss)	78,946		19,829		914		(14,575)		85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	—		—		—		(1,259)		(1,259)
Other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(6,469)		(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	86		(24)		—		(7,728)		(7,666)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	79,032	$	19,805	$	914	$	(22,303)	$	77,448

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 practice_group
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of practice groups	3

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Accounts Receivable, Net - Schedule of Accounts Receivables Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable	$ 285,876	$ 267,409
Unbilled revenue, at net realizable value	178,811	87,890
Total accounts receivable	464,687	355,299
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(21,906)	(20,801)	$ (16,158)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 442,781	$ 334,498

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Accounts Receivable, Net - Schedule of Changes in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts on Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (20,801)	$ (16,158)
Provision	(2,055)	(13,545)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	950	8,902
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ (21,906)	$ (20,801)

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Debt and Financing Arrangements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 04, 2022	May 03, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding balance under applicable credit facility	$ 403,700,000	$ 265,700,000
Outstanding letters of credit	5,000,000	5,000,000
Other line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving loan commitment	20,000,000
Outstanding line of credit	0
2022 Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving loan commitment			$ 600,000,000	$ 400,000,000
Revolving loan, accordion feature			200,000,000
Outstanding balance under applicable credit facility	403,700,000	$ 265,700,000
Available funds under credit facility	190,000,000
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 5,000,000
2022 Credit Facility | Swing Line Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving loan commitment			$ 50,000,000	$ 25,000,000

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Debt and Financing Arrangements - Summary of Unsecured Credit Facility (Details) - 2018 and 2022 Credit Facilities	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average rates	4.54%	1.79%
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Range of effective rates	1.93%	1.08%
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Range of effective rates	8.00%	3.64%

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Debt and Financing Arrangements - Summary of Recognized Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 3,641	$ 1,259
Credit facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	3,640	1,259
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 1	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies - Letters of Credit and Guarantees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Letters of credit outstanding	$ 5.0	$ 5.0
License bonds outstanding amount	$ 2.2	$ 2.3

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Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings (Details) - CBIZ Operations and a former employee of CBIZ MMP $ in Millions	Dec. 19, 2016 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Total transaction price	$ 200.0
Maximum
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought amount	$ 177.0

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Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) swap	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Par value of available-for-sale debt securities	$ 43,900	$ 44,400
Funds held for clients	$ 148,240	171,313
Interest rate swap, April 2028 expiration
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	3.669%
Interest rate swap
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Number of interest rate swaps outstanding | swap	5
Other non-current liability | Interest rate swap, April 2028 expiration
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Term of contract	5 years
Notional amount, asset	$ 25,000
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	3.669%
Certified Deposits and Other Depository Assets
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Funds held for clients	$ 1,000	$ 900

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Financial Instruments - Summary of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available for Sale [Roll Forward]
Fair value at beginning of period	$ 43,485	$ 38,670
Purchases	0	19,771
Redemptions	0	(5,630)
Maturities	(500)	(6,770)
Change in bond premium	(91)	(645)
Fair market value adjustment	250	(1,911)
Fair value at end of period	$ 43,144	$ 43,485

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Financial Instruments - Summary of Outstanding Interest Rate Swaps (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Interest rate swap, June 2023 expiration
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	2.571%	2.571%
Interest rate swap, June 2023 expiration | Other current asset
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount, asset	$ 15,000	$ 15,000
Fair value, asset	$ 58	$ 133
Interest rate swap, April 2025 expiration
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	0.834%	0.834%
Interest rate swap, April 2025 expiration | Other non-current asset
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount, asset	$ 50,000	$ 50,000
Fair value, asset	$ 3,127	$ 3,726
Interest rate swap, December 2026 expiration
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	1.186%	1.186%
Interest rate swap, December 2026 expiration | Other non-current asset
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount, asset	$ 30,000	$ 30,000
Fair value, asset	$ 2,399	$ 2,871
Interest rate swap, August 2027 expiration
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	2.45%	2.45%
Interest rate swap, August 2027 expiration | Other non-current asset
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount, asset	$ 20,000	$ 20,000
Fair value, asset	$ 768	$ 1,079
Interest rate swap, April 2028 expiration
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	3.669%
Interest rate swap, April 2028 expiration | Other non-current liability
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount, asset	$ 25,000
Interest rate swap, fixed interest rate	3.669%
Fair value, asset	$ (394)

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Financial Instruments - Summary of Effects of Interest Rate Swaps (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
(Loss) Gain Recognized in AOCI, net of tax	$ (1,388)	$ 2,866
Interest rate swap
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
(Loss) Gain Recognized in AOCI, net of tax	(715)	2,607
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Expense	$ 897	$ (343)

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan assets	$ 128,892	$ 118,862
Available-for-sale debt securities	43,144	43,485	$ 38,670
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	(128,892)	(118,862)
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan assets	128,892	118,862
Available-for-sale debt securities	43,144	43,485
Other depository assets	953	868
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	(128,892)	(118,862)
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Interest rate swaps	5,958	7,809
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent purchase price liabilities	$ (125,756)	$ (132,010)

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Fair Value Measurements - Change in Level 3 Fair Values of Contingent Purchase Price Liabilities (Details) - Contingent purchase price liabilities - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance – December 31	$ (132,010)	$ (79,139)
Additions from business acquisitions	(24,840)	(64,648)
Settlement of contingent purchase price liabilities	31,724	7,895
Change in fair value of contingencies	(10)	80
Change in net present value of contingencies	(620)	(722)
Ending balance - March 31	$ (125,756)	$ (136,534)

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Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes	$ 179	$ (939)
Net unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of income taxes	(1,388)	2,866
Foreign currency translation	(4)	(2)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,213)	1,925
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, income tax expense	71	(352)
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, income tax expense	$ (463)	$ 928

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Employee Stock Plans - Additional Information (Details) shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 shares
Performance share units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, remaining contractual term	3 years
Performance share units, vesting period	3 years
Achievement of an earnings per share target	70.00%
Achievement of total growth in revenue	30.00%
Performance share units | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of initial grant	200.00%
2019 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum stock based compensation awards granted under the plan (in shares)	3.1

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Employee Stock Plans - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Awards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock options	$ 768	$ 173
Restricted stock units and awards	1,259	1,493
Performance share units	1,804	2,023
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,831	$ 3,689

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Employee Stock Plans - Schedule of Stock Options Award Activity (Details) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Stock Option Activity
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	553
Granted (in shares) | shares	50
Exercised or released (in shares) | shares	(189)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	414
Exercisable at end of period (in shares) | shares	414
Stock Option Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 21.03
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.40
Exercised or released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	19.20
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	25.16
Exercisable at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 25.16

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Employee Stock Plans - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units and Awards Activity (Details) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units and Awards Activity
Exercisable at end of period (in shares) | shares	414
Restricted Stock Units and Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Exercisable at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 25.16
Restricted Stock Units and Awards
Restricted Stock Units and Awards Activity
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	277
Granted (in shares) | shares	88
Exercised or released (in shares) | shares	(123)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	242
Restricted Stock Units and Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 32.62
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.40
Exercised or released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	29.87
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 39.76

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Employee Stock Plans - Schedule of Fair Value Option Award Weighted Average Assumptions Used (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 08, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Fair value of stock options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 15.35
Expected volatility		28.57%
Expected option life (years)		4 years 8 months 26 days
Risk-free interest rate		3.89%
Expected dividend yield		0.00%

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Employee Stock Plans - Schedule of Performance Share Units Award Activity (Details) - Performance share units shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Performance Share Units Award Activity
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	482
Granted (in shares) | shares	88
Vested (in shares) | shares	(244)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	326
Performance Share Units Award Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 28.84
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.40
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	25.75
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 36.46

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net Income	$ 73,160	$ 58,127
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	50,367	52,119
Diluted
Stock options (in shares)	271	619
Restricted stock units and awards (in shares)	122	217
Contingent shares (in shares)	2	0
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	50,762	52,955
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.45	$ 1.12
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.44	$ 1.10
Share-based payment arrangement
Dilutive Securities Included And Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Share based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)	80	55
Performance share units
Dilutive Securities Included And Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Share based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)	326	363

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Business Combinations - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Annual revenue	$ 56.1
Transaction and integration related costs	$ 1.6
Client list
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	10 years
Other intangibles
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3 years

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Business Combinations - Aggregated Consideration And Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Common stock issued (in shares)	102	0
Common stock value	$ 4,795	$ 0
Cash paid	38,972	72,469
Recorded contingent consideration	24,840	64,648
Total recorded purchase price	68,607	137,117
Accounts receivable acquired	7,040	18,230
Fixed assets acquired	1,201	1,793
Identifiable intangible assets acquired	22,518	48,000
Operating lease right-of-use asset acquired	14,598	49,291
Other assets acquired	1,126	1,497
Operating lease liability acquired - current	(1,012)	(5,860)
Other current liabilities acquired	(406)	(909)
Operating lease liability acquired - non-current	(13,586)	(43,431)
Goodwill	37,128	68,506
Total net assets acquired	68,607	137,117
Maximum potential contingent consideration	$ 26,099	$ 67,115

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Business Combinations - Segment Allocation (Details) - Financial Services - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Combination Segment Allocation [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 37,128	$ 68,506
Total	59,646	116,506
Client list
Business Combination Segment Allocation [Line Items]
Intangibles	22,500	48,000
Other intangibles
Business Combination Segment Allocation [Line Items]
Intangibles	$ 18	$ 0

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Business Combinations - Changes in Contingent Purchase Price Consideration (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Net expense	$ 630	$ 642
Cash settlement paid	$ 28,434	$ 7,077
Shares issued (number)	70	19

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Segment Disclosures - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of business units of the company	3

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Segment Disclosures - Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 454,606	$ 391,722
Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	343,086	288,746
Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	100,054	92,486
National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	11,466	10,490
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	343,086	288,746
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting | Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	343,086	288,746
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting | Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Accounting, tax, advisory and consulting | National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Core benefits and insurance services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	96,617	88,936
Core benefits and insurance services | Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Core benefits and insurance services | Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	96,617	88,936
Core benefits and insurance services | National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Non-core benefits and insurance services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	3,437	3,550
Non-core benefits and insurance services | Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Non-core benefits and insurance services | Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	3,437	3,550
Non-core benefits and insurance services | National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Managed networking, hardware services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	8,954	7,921
Managed networking, hardware services | Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Managed networking, hardware services | Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Managed networking, hardware services | National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	8,954	7,921
National practices consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,512	2,569
National practices consulting | Financial Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
National practices consulting | Benefits and Insurance Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
National practices consulting | National Practices
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 2,512	$ 2,569

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Segment Disclosures - Summary of Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 454,606	$ 391,722
Operating expenses	341,011	290,299
Gross margin	113,595	101,423
Corporate general and administrative expenses	15,598	16,309
Operating income	97,997	85,114
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(3,641)	(1,259)
Gain on sale of operations, net	99	0
Other income (expense), net	5,112	(6,407)
Total other income (expense), net	1,570	(7,666)
Income before income tax expense	99,567	77,448
Financial Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	343,086	288,746
Benefits and Insurance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	100,054	92,486
National Practices
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	11,466	10,490
Operating segments | Financial Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	343,086	288,746
Operating expenses	244,443	209,800
Gross margin	98,643	78,946
Corporate general and administrative expenses	0	0
Operating income	98,643	78,946
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	0	0
Gain on sale of operations, net	99
Other income (expense), net	255	86
Total other income (expense), net	354	86
Income before income tax expense	98,997	79,032
Operating segments | Benefits and Insurance Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	100,054	92,486
Operating expenses	76,923	72,657
Gross margin	23,131	19,829
Corporate general and administrative expenses	0	0
Operating income	23,131	19,829
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(1)	0
Gain on sale of operations, net	0
Other income (expense), net	177	(24)
Total other income (expense), net	176	(24)
Income before income tax expense	23,307	19,805
Operating segments | National Practices
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	11,466	10,490
Operating expenses	10,583	9,576
Gross margin	883	914
Corporate general and administrative expenses	0	0
Operating income	883	914
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	0	0
Gain on sale of operations, net	0
Other income (expense), net	0	0
Total other income (expense), net	0	0
Income before income tax expense	883	914
Corporate and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Operating expenses	9,062	(1,734)
Gross margin	(9,062)	1,734
Corporate general and administrative expenses	15,598	16,309
Operating income	(24,660)	(14,575)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(3,640)	(1,259)
Gain on sale of operations, net	0
Other income (expense), net	4,680	(6,469)
Total other income (expense), net	1,040	(7,728)
Income before income tax expense	$ (23,620)	$ (22,303)

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 26, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share repurchases, value		$ 20,791	$ 5,999
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share repurchases (in shares)	0.2
Share repurchases, value	$ 10,600