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Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Investments All Other Investments [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments

Note 5. Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of bank debt approximates fair value, as the interest rate on the bank debt is variable and approximates current market rates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that may subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with highly-rated financial institutions, limiting the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution. Our client base consists of large numbers of geographically diverse customers dispersed throughout the United States; thus, concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is not significant.

Bonds

We held corporate and municipal bonds with par values totaling $42.4 million and $40.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. All bonds are investment grade and are classified as available-for-sale. Our bonds have maturity dates or callable dates ranging from January 2017 through December 2021, and are included in “Funds held for clients — current” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the intent and ability of us to sell these investments at any time under favorable conditions.

The following table summarizes our bond activity for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

Fair value at January 1

 

$

43,142

 

 

$

38,399

 

Purchases

 

 

11,355

 

 

 

15,429

 

Sales

 

 

(2,900

)

 

 

(987

)

Maturities and calls

 

 

(6,878

)

 

 

(9,677

)

Decrease (increase) in bond premium

 

 

(106

)

 

 

172

 

Fair market value adjustment

 

 

(40

)

 

 

(194

)

Fair value at December 31

 

$

44,573

 

 

$

43,142

 

 

Interest Rate Swaps

Our $25.0 million notional value interest rate swap expired in June 2015. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we entered into three interest rate swaps. The notional hedged amounts were $10.0 million, $15.0 million and $25.0 million, with maturity tenors of 2, 3 and 5 years, respectively. During the first quarter of 2016, we entered into one interest rate swap. The notional hedged amount was $10.0 million with a maturity tenor of 5 years.

We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure associated with our floating-rate debt under the credit facility. Under these interest rate swap contracts, we receive cash flows from counterparties at variable rates based on the London Interbank Offered Rate and pay the counterparties a fixed rate. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, we only entered into contracts with selected major financial institutions with investment grade ratings and continually assess their creditworthiness. There are no credit risk-related contingent features in our interest rate swaps nor do the swaps contain provisions under which we would be required to post collateral.

The designation of a derivative instrument as a hedge and its ability to meet the hedge accounting criteria determine how we reflect the change in fair value of the derivative instrument. A derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if, at inception, it meets defined correlation and effectiveness criteria. These criteria require that the anticipated cash flows and/or changes in fair value of the hedging instrument substantially offset those of the position being hedged.

We had no fair value hedging instruments at December 31, 2016 or 2015. Our interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the interest rate swaps are recorded as either an asset or liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The mark-to-market gains or losses on the swaps are deferred and included as a component of AOCL, net of tax, to the extent the hedge is determined to be effective, and reclassified to interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The interest rate swaps are assessed for effectiveness and continued qualification for hedge accounting on a quarterly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the interest rate swaps were deemed to be highly effective.

The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swaps and their classification in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands). Refer to Note 6, Fair Value Measurements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements.

 

 

 

December 31, 2016

 

 

Notional

Amount

 

 

Fair

Value

 

 

Balance Sheet

Location

Interest rate swaps

 

$

50,000

 

 

$

525

 

 

Other non-current assets

Interest rate swaps

 

$

10,000

 

 

$

4

 

 

Other current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2015

 

 

Notional

Amount

 

 

Fair

Value

 

 

Balance Sheet

Location

Interest rate swap

 

$

50,000

 

 

$

240

 

 

Other non-current assets

 

During the next twelve months, the amount of the December 31, 2016 AOCL balance that will be reclassified to earnings is expected to be immaterial. The following table summarizes the effects of the interest rate swap on our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Gain recognized in AOCL,

net of tax

 

 

Loss reclassified from AOCL

into expense

 

 

 

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

Location

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

 

Interest rate swap

 

$

182

 

 

$

230

 

 

$

(410

)

 

$

(214

)

 

Interest expense