Investment income. Gross realized investment and other gains and losses follows:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	674		323		2,228		707
Realized losses	(285	)	(987	)	(688	)	(1,231	)
	389		(664	)	1,540		(524	)

Expenses assignable to investment income were insignificant. There were no significant investments as of June 30, 2015 that did not produce income during the year.

For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, investment and other (losses) gains – net included $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of non-cash charges relating to office closure costs, offset by net realized gains from the sale of debt and equity available-for-sale investments.

Proceeds from the sale of investments available-for-sale follows:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,		For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2015	2014	2015	2014
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sale of investments available-for-sale	20,604	3,299	44,505	14,475