Investment income. Gross realized investment and other gains and losses follows:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2014		2013		2014		2013
	($000 omitted)
Realized gains	323		1,523		707		3,900
Realized losses	(987	)	(1,400	)	(1,231	)	(7,084	)
	(664	)	123		(524	)	(3,184	)

Expenses assignable to investment income were insignificant. There were no significant investments as of June 30, 2014 that did not produce income during the year.

For the six months ended June 30, 2014, investment and other (losses) gains – net included a $1.1 million non-cash charge relating to office closure costs, partially offset by realized gains from the sale of debt and equity investments available-for-sale.

For the six months ended June 30, 2013, investment and other (losses) gains – net included a $5.4 million non-cash charge relating to the early retirement of convertible senior notes and a $1.5 million loss on the sale of an equity investment partially offset by realized gains of $1.9 million from sale of debt and equity investments available-for-sale and a $1.7 million gain on non-title-related insurance policy proceeds.

Proceeds from the sale of investments available-for-sale follows:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,		For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2014	2013	2014	2013
	($000 omitted)
Proceeds from sale of investments available-for-sale	3,299	22,045	14,475	30,089