Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include Ever-Glory International Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods reported.  Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing the financial statements are reasonable and prudent based on the best information available at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities within three months.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts Receivable, net

The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts.  An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and recorded based on management’s assessment of the credit history of its customers and current relationships with them. The Company writes off accounts receivable when amounts are deemed uncollectible.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, $0.66 million and $1.2 million of bad debt expense have been made in the consolidated financial statements respectively. The allowance for doubtful account balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are $5.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories

Wholesale inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a specific identification method. The Company manufactures products upon receipt of orders from its customers. All products must pass the customers’ quality assurance procedures before delivery. Therefore, products are rarely returned by customers after delivery.

Retail inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a specific identification method. The Company records a provision for slow-moving or obsolete materials and finished goods aged more than two years.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.  Expenditures for additions, major renewals and betterments are capitalized and expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. 

Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis, less estimated residual value, over the assets’ estimated useful lives.  The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Property and plant	15-20 Years
Leasehold  improvements	10 Months - 2 Years
Machinery and equipment	5-10 Years
Office equipment and furniture	3-5 Years
Motor vehicles	5 Years

Land Use Rights

Land Use Rights

All land in the PRC is owned by the government and cannot be sold to any individual or company.  However, the government may grant a “land use right” to occupy, develop and use land. The Company records land use rights obtained as intangible assets at cost, which is amortized evenly over the grant period of 50 years. 

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, property, equipment and land use rights held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For purposes of evaluating the recoverability of long-lived assets, when undiscounted future cash flows will not be sufficient to recover an asset’s carrying amount, the asset is written down to its fair value. There were no impairments of long-lived assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value Accounting

Fair Value Accounting

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

Level 1	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2	Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
Level 3	Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on broker quotes, if available. If broker quotes are not available, then fair value is estimated by discounting the difference between the contractual forward price and the current forward price at the reporting date for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate based on government bonds.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s financial assets (all Level 1) consist of cash placed with financial institutions that management considers to be of a high quality.

Management has estimated that the carrying amounts of non-related party financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. The fair value of amounts due from (to) related parties is not practicable to estimate due to the related party nature of the underlying transactions.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has the following derivative financial instruments measured at their fair value using Level 2 quoted prices provided by banks. The fair value of foreign currency swap contracts is determined by the variation of measurement date foreign exchange market rates and contract closing date predetermined foreign exchange rates. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has five derivative liability subjects to recurring fair value measurement (Level 3) with the change in fair value recognized in earnings.

The Company has adopted ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments”, which allows an entity to choose to measure certain financial instruments and liabilities at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Subsequent fair value measurement for the financial instruments and liabilities an entity chooses to measure will be recognized in earnings.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

From time to time, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency risks arising from operational activities or on certain existing assets and liabilities. The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes. The Company may enter into forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange options, or foreign exchange currency swap contracts to manage exposure to certain foreign currency operating transactions. These instruments may offset a portion of the foreign currency re-measurement gains or losses, or changes in fair value.

The Company may also enter into above similar derivative instruments to hedge the exposure to variability in the expected cash flows of forecasted transactions such as international sales or purchases that the Company expects to receive or commit to remit foreign currencies. In these cases, the Company designates these instruments as the cash flow hedges.

Derivative financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value and transaction costs are expensed immediately. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivative financial instruments are stated at fair value. The gain or loss on re-measurement to fair value is recognized immediately in earnings when such instruments are designated as fair value hedges or ineffective portion of cash flow hedges. The accumulated gain or loss from effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (“AOCI”) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.  

Revenue and Cost Recognition

Revenue and Cost Recognition

The Company recognizes wholesale revenue from product sales, net of value-added taxes, upon delivery for local sales and upon shipment of the products for export sales, at such time title passes to the customer. Retail sales are recorded net of promotional discounts, rebates, and return allowances. Retail store sales are recognized at the time of the register receipt. Retail online sales are recognized when products are shipped and customers receive the products because the Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit.

The Company’s revenue recognition policy is in compliance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers that revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company applies the following five-step model in order to determine this amount:

(i)	identification of the promised goods and services in the contract;
(ii)	determination of whether the promised goods and services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract;
(iii)	measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
(iv)	allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
(v)	recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Company reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations the Company must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied or as it is satisfied. Generally, the Company’s performance obligations are transferred to customers at a point in time, typically upon delivery for local sales and upon shipment of the products for export sale.

For all reporting periods, the Company has not disclosed the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for all product revenue contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, which is an optional exemption that is permitted under the adopted rules.

Cost of goods sold includes the direct raw material cost, direct labor cost, manufacturing overheads including depreciation of production equipment, and rent and commission due to department stores consistent with the revenue earned. Cost of goods sold excludes warehousing costs, which historically have not been significant.

Local transportation charges and production inspection charges are included in selling expenses and totaled $1.1 million and $0.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  Research and development costs included in general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $0.8 million and $1.07 million, respectively.

Government subsidies

Government subsidies

Government subsidies are recognized when received and when all the conditions for their receipt have been met. Subsidies that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognized as a reduction of expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Subsidies that are not associated with expenses are recognized as other income. Four of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries received government subsidies of $1.19 million and $2.93 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which was recorded in other income when subsidies were received and all the conditions were met.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date.

The Company has adopted ASC 740 “Income Taxes” pursuant to which tax positions are recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company does not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and the Company does not believe there will be any material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next 12 months.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company does not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the PRC statutory rate primarily due to non-deductible expenses, temporary differences, and preferential tax treatment.

The Company files income tax returns with the relevant government authorities in the U.S. and the PRC.

Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income

Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Ever-Glory, Perfect Dream, Ever-Glory HK and Ever-Glory Supply Chain is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Goldenway, New Tailun, Catch-luck, Ever-Glory Apparel, Shanghai LA GO GO, Jiangsu LA GO GO, Tianjin LA GO GO, He Meida, Huirui, Yalan, Yiduo and Taixin is the Chinese RMB.

For the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the RMB, all assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date; equity is translated at historical rates and items in the statement of income are translated at the average rate for the period. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the statement of equity and amounted to ($3.58 million) and $2.59 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were translated at RMB6.88 and RMB6.51 to $1.00 respectively. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were RMB6.61 and RMB6.76 to $1.00, respectively. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Translation gains or losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred and amounted a loss of $1.20 million and a gain of $1.88 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share”, which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share in conjunction with the disclosure of the methodology used in computing such earnings per share. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock. Further, if the number of common shares outstanding increases as a result of a stock dividend or stock split or decreases as a result of a reverse stock split, the computations of a basic and diluted EPS shall be adjusted retroactively for all periods presented to reflect that change in capital structure.

Included in the calculation of basic EPS are shares of restricted common stock that have been issued by the Company, all of which are fully vested. Shares of restricted common stock whose issuance is contingent upon the attainment of specified earnings targets are considered outstanding and included in the computation of basic EPS as of the date that all necessary conditions have been satisfied, which is the date upon which the specified amount of earnings has been attained.  These shares are to be considered outstanding and included in the computation of diluted EPS as of the beginning of the period in which the conditions are satisfied.  If the specified amount of earnings has not been attained as of the end of the reporting period, the contingently issuable shares are excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.

Unvested restricted shares to be issued (share-based compensation) under the Equity Incentive Plan are not included in basic weighted average number of shares but are considered to be outstanding as of the grant date for purposes of computing diluted earnings per share even though the shares are subject to vesting requirements.

Segments

Segments

The Company applies ASC 280 “Segment Reporting” which establishes standards for operating information regarding operating segments in financial statements and requires selected information for those segments to be presented in financial reports issued to stockholders. ASC 280 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company reports financial and operating information in two segments:

(1) Wholesale apparel manufacture and sales

(2) Retail sales of own-brand clothing

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has evaluated the impact of the adoption of these standards on January 1, 2019, and anticipates recognition of an asset and a corresponding liability related to the lease on the balance sheet at effective date. The Company anticipates recording lease assets and liabilities of approximately $56.5 million on its consolidated balance sheets, with no material impact to its consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. However, the ultimate impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 will depend on the Company’s lease portfolio as of the adoption date.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17 “Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities” which could be improved in the following areas: 1. Applying the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance to private companies under common control. 2. Considering indirect interests held through related parties under common control for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service

providers are variable interests. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. 

The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued. Management has not identified any other new standards that it believes will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.