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MEZZANINE EQUITY

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock

On September 10, 2018, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred stock (the “Series C COD”) with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware – Division of Corporations, designating 1,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as Series C Preferred, each share with a stated value of $10,000 per share (the “Stated Value”). Shares of Series C Preferred accrue dividends cumulatively and are payable quarterly at a rate of 8% per annum if paid in cash, or 10% per annum if paid by the issuance of shares of Common Stock. Each share of Series C Preferred has a liquidation preference equal to the greater of (i) the Stated Value plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, and (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had each share been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to the occurrence of a Liquidation Event or Deemed Liquidation Event. Each share of Series C Preferred is convertible into that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Conversion Shares”) equal to the Stated Value, divided by $1.00, which conversion rate is subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Series C COD. Holders of Series C Preferred may elect to convert shares of Series C Preferred into Conversion Shares at any time. Holders of the Series C Preferred may also require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such holder’s shares of Series C Preferred at any time from and after the third anniversary of the issuance date or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Series C COD). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Series C COD, in the event the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Common Stock is at least $3.00 per share (subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Series C COD) for at least 20 consecutive trading days, the Company may convert all, but not less than all, issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred into Conversion Shares. In addition, in the event of a Change of Control, the Company will have the option to redeem all, but not less than all, issued and outstanding shares of Series C Preferred for 115% of the Liquidation Preference Amount per share. Holders of Series C Preferred will have the right to vote, on an as-converted basis, with the holders of the Company’s Common Stock on any matter presented to the Company’s stockholders for their action or consideration. Shares of Series C Preferred rank senior to the Company’s Common Stock and Series A Preferred, and junior to the Company’s Series B Preferred.

On September 10, 2018, the Company offered and sold a total of 890 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share, and on September 21, 2018, the Company offered and sold an additional 110 shares of Series C Preferred at a purchase price of $10,000 per share. The total gross proceeds to the Company from the Series C Financing were $10,000,000. Issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the Series C Financing were approximately $1,211,000. Such costs have been recorded as a discount on the Series C Preferred Stock and will be accreted to the point of earliest redemption which is the third anniversary of the Series C Financing or September 10, 2021 using the effective interest rate method. The accretion of these costs is recorded as a deemed dividend.

The Company had 1,000 shares of Series C Preferred outstanding as of September 30, 2018. The Company issued the holders of Series C Preferred 55,736 shares of Common Stock on September 30, 2018, as payment of dividends due on that date and on December 31, 2018, the Company issued the holders of Series C Preferred 298,896 shares of Common Stock as payment of dividends due on that date.

Guidance for accounting for freestanding financial instruments that contain characteristics of both liabilities and equity are contained in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity and Accounting Series Release 268 (“ASR 268”) Redeemable Preferred Stocks. The Company evaluated the provisions of the Series C Preferred and determined that the provisions of the Series C Preferred grant the holders of the Series C Preferred a redemption right whereby the holders of the Series C Preferred may, at any time after the third anniversary of the Series C Preferred issuance, require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series C Preferred at an amount equal to the Liquidation Preference Amount (“Liquidation Preference Amount”). The Liquidation Preference Amount is defined as the greater of the stated value of the Series C Preferred plus any accrued unpaid interest or such amount per share as would have been payable had each such share been converted into Common Stock. In the event of a Change of Control, the holders of Series C Preferred shall have the right to require the Company to redeem in cash all or any portion of such holder’s shares at the Liquidation Preference Amount. The Company has concluded that because the redemption features of the Series C Preferred are outside of the control of the Company, the instrument is to be recorded as temporary or mezzanine equity in accordance with the provisions of ASR 268.

The Company noted that the Series C Preferred Stock instrument was a hybrid instrument that contains several embedded features. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16 to amend ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” (“ASC 815”) and require the use of the whole instrument approach (described below) to determine whether the nature of the host contract in a hybrid instrument issued in the form of a share is more akin to debt or to equity. ASU 2014-16 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015.

The whole instrument approach requires an issuer or investor to consider the economic characteristics and risks of the entire hybrid instrument, including all of its stated and implied substantive terms and features. Under this approach, all stated and implied features, including the embedded feature being evaluated for bifurcation, must be considered. Each term and feature should be weighed based on the relevantfacts and circumstances to determine the nature of the host contract. This approach results in a single, consistent determination of the nature of the host contract, which is then used to evaluate each embedded feature for bifurcation. That is, the host contract does not change as each feature is evaluated.

The revised guidance further clarifies that the existence or omission of any single feature, including an investor-held, fixed-price, noncontingent redemption option, does not determine the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. Instead, an entity must base that determination on an evaluation of the entire hybrid instrument, including all substantive terms and features.

However, an individual term or feature may be weighed more heavily in the evaluation based on facts and circumstances. An evaluation of all relevant terms and features, including the circumstances surrounding the issuance or acquisition of the equity share, as well as the likelihood that an issuer or investor is expected to exercise any options within the host contract, to determine the nature of the host contract, requires judgement.

Using the whole instrument approach, the Company concluded that the host instrument is more akin to debt than equity as the majority of identified features contain more characteristics of debt.

The Company evaluated the identified embedded features of the Series C Preferred host instrument and determined that certain features meet the definition of and contained the characteristics of derivative financial instruments requiring bifurcation at fair value from the host instrument.

Accordingly, the Company has bifurcated from the Series C Preferred host instrument the conversion options, redemption option and participating dividend feature in accordance with the guidance in ASC 815. These bifurcated features aggregated approximately $834,000 at issuance and have been recorded as a discount to the Series C Preferred. Such amount will be accreted to the point of earliest redemption which is the third anniversary of the Series C Financing or September 10, 2021 using the effective interest rate method. The accretion of these features is recorded as a deemed dividend.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 the Company recorded the accretion of debt issuance costs and derivative liabilities aggregating approximately $200,000 using the effective interest rate method.

The Company reflected the following in Mezzanine Equity for the Series C Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2018:

	Series C
	Convertible,
	Redeemable
	Preferred
(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)	Shares		Amount			Total

Issuance of Series C Preferred Stock		1,000	$	10,000		$	10,000

Discount - transaction costs		-	$	(1,211	)	$	(1,211	)

Net Proceeds		-	$	8,789		$	8,789

Discount - bifurcated derivative		-	$	(833	)	$	(833	)

Accretion of discount - deemed dividend		-	$	200		$	200

Total Series C Preferred Stock		1,000	$	8,156		$	8,156