Employee Benefit Plans

As of December 31, 2015, the Company sponsored separate defined benefit pension plans for employees of certain of its international subsidiaries, as well as several unfunded defined benefit arrangements for various other employee groups. The defined benefit pension plan covering employees in the United Kingdom was frozen to new entrants effective June 14, 1996.

Certain of the Company’s employees also participate in various employee welfare benefit plans, including medical, dental and prescriptions. Additionally, certain retirees based in the United States receive retiree medical, prescription and life insurance benefits. All of the welfare benefit plans, including those providing postretirement benefits, are unfunded.

During 2014, the Company communicated to employees and beneficiaries of three of its international retirement plans that it had elected to terminate the respective defined benefit plans and replace them with defined contribution plans. In connection with this, the Company recorded a pre-tax curtailment gain, net of settlement losses, of approximately $8 million during 2014 related to the termination of these plans. The final settlement payments were made in 2015.

Total net benefit plan expense (income) associated with the Company’s defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans consisted of the following:



	Pension Benefits									Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2013			2015			2014			2013

Service cost	$	8		$	18		$	10		$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost	15			20			17			—			—			—
Expected return on plan assets	(23		)	(27		)	(21		)	—			—			—
Amortization of prior service credits	(2		)	(2		)	(2		)	(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Amortization of losses (gains)	9			9			8			(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Curtailment gain	—			(12		)	—			—			—			—
Settlement loss	1			4			—			—			—			—
Total net benefit plan expense (income)	$	8		$	10		$	12		$	(2	)	$	(2	)	$	(2	)

Included in accumulated other elements of comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are the following amounts that have not yet been recognized in net periodic benefit plan cost, as well as the amounts that are expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit plan cost during the year ending December 31, 2016:



	December 31, 2015						December 31, 2014						Year ending December 31, 2016
(dollars in millions)	Before Tax			After Tax			Before Tax			After Tax			Expected Amortization

Pension benefits:
Prior service credits	$	15		$	14		$	19		$	15		$	(2	)
Actuarial losses, net	(131		)	(116		)	(164		)	(132		)	9

Postretirement benefits:
Prior service credits	2			1			3			2			(1		)
Actuarial gains	7			4			8			5			(1		)
	$	(107	)	$	(97	)	$	(134	)	$	(110	)	$	5

The change in the projected benefit obligation associated with the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the change in the accumulated benefit obligation associated with the Company’s postretirement benefit plans was as follows:



	Pension Benefits						Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2015			2014

Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	509		$	489		$	9		$	11
Service cost	8			18			—			—
Interest cost	15			20			—			—
Plan participants’ contributions	1			1			—			—
Actuarial losses (gains)	3			78			1			(1		)
Exchange rate changes	(29		)	(52		)	—			—
Benefit payments	(12		)	(14		)	(1		)	(1		)
Curtailments	—			(23		)	—			—
Settlements	(59		)	(8		)	—			—
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	436		$	509		$	9		$	9

The total accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans was $392 million and $469 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The change in the plan assets associated with the Company’s defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans was as follows:



	Pension Benefits						Postretirement Benefits
(dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2015			2014

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	455		$	432		$	—		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	11			53			—			—
Company contributions	14			27			1			1
Plan participants’ contributions	1			1			—			—
Exchange rate changes	(24		)	(40		)	—			—
Benefit payments	(12		)	(14		)	(1		)	(1		)
Settlements	(59		)	(8		)	—			—
Other	(2		)	4			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	384		$	455		$	—		$	—

The status of the Company’s underfunded defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans was as follows:



	Pension Benefits December 31,						Postretirement Benefits December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2015			2014

Noncurrent assets	$	20		$	—		$	—		$	—
Current liabilities	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(1		)
Non-current liabilities	(71		)	(53		)	(7		)	(8		)
Underfunded status at end of year	$	(52	)	$	(54	)	$	(9	)	$	(9	)

Actual asset investment allocations for the Company’s main defined benefit pension plan in the United Kingdom, which accounts for approximately 89% of total plan assets, were as follows:



	2015		2014		2013

U.K. plan:
Equity securities	33	%	55	%	60	%
Fixed income debt securities, cash and other	67	%	45	%	40	%

In each jurisdiction, the investment of plan assets is overseen by a plan asset committee whose members act as trustees of the plan and set investment policy. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and 2013, the investment strategy has been designed to approximate the performance of market indexes. The Company’s targeted allocation for the U.K. plan for 2016 and beyond is approximately 33% in equities, 8% in fixed income debt securities and 59% in real estate and other.

During 2015, the Company made contributions totaling approximately $14 million to the assets of its various defined benefit pension plans. Contributions to plan assets for 2016 are currently expected to approximate $9 million assuming no change in the current discount rate or expected investment earnings.

The assets of the Company’s pension plans are generally invested in debt and equity securities or mutual funds, which are valued based on quoted market prices for an individual asset (level 1 market inputs) or mutual fund unit values, which are based on the fair values of the individual securities that the fund has invested in (level 2 observable market inputs). A certain portion of the assets are invested in insurance contracts, real estate and other investments, which are valued based on level 3 unobservable inputs.

The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets by asset category at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:



	Fair Value Based on Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)				Fair Value Based on Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				Fair Value Based on Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Total
(dollars in millions)	2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014		2015		2014

Cash and cash equivalents	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	1
Equity securities:
U.S. equities	—		—		78		83		—		—		78		83
Non-U.S. equities	—		—		120		120		—		—		120		120
Bonds:
Non-U.S. government bonds	—		—		114		117		—		—		114		117
Non-U.S. corporate bonds	—		—		29		30		—		—		29		30
Alternative investments:
Insurance contracts	—		—		—		—		28		89		28		89
Real estate and other	—		—		—		—		14		15		14		15

Total assets	$	1	$	1	$	341	$	350	$	42	$	104	$	384	$	455

Changes in the fair value of pension plan assets determined based on level 3 unobservable inputs were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2015			2014
Balance at beginning of the year	$	104		$	105
Purchases/sales, net	(56		)	10
Actual return on plan assets	(2		)	4
Currency impact	(4		)	(15		)

Balance at end of the year	$	42		$	104

The weighted-average assumptions associated with the Company’s defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans were as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Postretirement Benefits
	2015		2014		2015		2014

Assumptions related to net benefit costs:
U.S. plans:
Discount rate	3.25	%	3.75	%	3.25	%	3.75	%
Measurement date	1/1/2015		1/1/2014		1/1/2015		1/1/2014

Foreign plans:
Discount rate	2.25-4.25%		3.5-5.25%		—		—
Expected return on plan assets	2.25-6.25%		2.25-6.75%		—		—
Rate of compensation increase	2.25-5.00%		2.25-4.50%		—		—
Measurement date	1/1/2015		1/1/2014		—		—

Assumptions related to end-of-period benefit obligations:
U.S. plans:
Discount rate	3.50	%	3.25	%	3.50	%	3.25	%
Health care cost trend rate	—		—		7.00	%	7.00	%
Measurement date	12/31/2015		12/31/2014		12/31/2015		12/31/2014

Foreign plans:
Discount rate	2.25-4.25%		2.25-4.25%		—		—
Rate of compensation increase	2.25-4.00%		2.25-5.00%		—		—
Measurement date	12/31/2015		12/31/2014		—		—

The Company’s discount rate assumptions for its U.S. postretirement benefits plan and its international defined benefit pension plans are based on the average yield of a hypothetical high quality bond portfolio with maturities that approximately match the estimated cash flow needs of the plans.

The assumptions for expected long-term rates of return on assets are based on historical experience and estimated future investment returns, taking into consideration anticipated asset allocations, investment strategies and the views of various investment professionals.

The rate of compensation increase assumption for international plans reflects local economic conditions and the Company’s compensation strategy in those locations.

The health care cost trend rate is assumed to decrease gradually from 7% to 5% by 2021 and remain at that level thereafter. A one-percentage-point increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would not have a material impact on the service and interest cost components in 2015 or the postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2015.

Amounts applicable to the Company’s pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:



	Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets at December 31,				Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets at December 31,
(dollars in millions)	2015		2014		2015		2014

Fair value of applicable plan assets	$	41	$	101	$	41	$	101
Projected benefit obligation of applicable plans	$	113	$	171	—		—
Accumulated benefit obligation of applicable plans	—		—		$	86	$	149

Future expected benefit payments are as follows:



(dollars in millions)	Pension Benefits		Postretirement Benefits

Year ending December 31:
2016	$	11	$	1
2017	$	11	$	1
2018	$	12	$	1
2019	$	13	$	1
2020	$	13	$	1
2021 - 2025	$	71	$	3

The Company’s United States-based employees who are not covered by a bargaining unit and certain others are also eligible to participate in the Cameron International Corporation Retirement Savings Plan or the OneSubsea LLC Retirement Savings Plan (the Retirement Savings Plans). Under these plans, employees’ savings deferrals are partially matched in cash and invested at the employees’ discretion. The Company provides nondiscretionary retirement contributions to the Retirement Savings Plans on behalf of each eligible employee equal to 3% of their defined pay. Eligible employees vest in the 3% retirement contributions plus any earnings after completing three years of service. In addition, the Company provides an immediately vested matching contribution of up to 100% of the first 6% of pay contributed by each eligible employee. Employees may contribute amounts in excess of 6% of their pay to the Retirement Savings Plans, subject to certain United States Internal Revenue Service limitations. The Company’s expense for the matching and retirement contribution for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $67 million, $77 million and $77 million, respectively. In addition, the Company provides savings or other benefit plans for employees under collective bargaining agreements and, in the case of certain international employees, as required by government mandate, which provide for, among other things, Company funding in cash based on specified formulas. Expense with respect to these various defined contribution and government-mandated plans for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $57 million, $73 million and $83 million, respectively.