Employee information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

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Summary of Classification of Employee Benefit

All figures in £ millions	Notes		2023		2022		2021
Employee benefit expense
Wages and salaries (including termination costs)				1,252		1,382		1,180
Social security costs				107		113		95
Share-based payment costs		26		37		35		28
Retirement benefits – defined contribution plans		25		45		46		37
Retirement benefits – defined benefit plans		25		26		29		25
Total				1,467		1,605		1,365

Summary of Average Number of Employees

Average number employed	2023		2022		2021
Employee numbers
UK		3,045		3,244		3,395
Other European countries		633		809		878
US		10,125		11,357		11,757
Canada		398		522		593
Asia Pacific		3,257		3,369		2,738
Other countries		902		1,137		1,383
Total		18,360		20,438		20,744