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Intangible assets - product development
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Text block [abstract]  
Intangible assets – product development
20. Intangible assets – product development
 
All figures in £ millions
   
2021
     
2020
  
Cost
                  
At 1 January
   
 
2,514
 
      2,275  
Exchange differences
      —          (48 ) 
Additions
   
 
287
 
      323  
Disposals and retirements
   
 
(92
) 
      (31 ) 
Disposal of subsidiary
   
 
(9
) 
      —    
Transfers
   
 
(2
) 
      (5 ) 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
At 31 December
   
 
2,698
 
   
 
 2,514
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Amortisation
                  
At 1 January
   
 
(1,609
) 
      (1,405 ) 
Exchange differences
   
 
(3
) 
      45  
Charge for the year
   
 
(260
) 
      (280 ) 
Impairment
   
 
(19
) 
      —    
Disposals and retirements
   
 
92
 
      31  
Disposal of subsidiary
   
 
3
 
      —    
Transfers
   
 
(8
) 
      —    
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
At 31 December
   
 
(1,804
) 
   
 
 (1,609 )
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Carrying amounts at 31 December 2021
   
 
894
 
   
 
 905
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
  
Included in the above are product development assets amounting to £601m (2020: £607m) which will be realised in more than one year. Amortisation is included in the income statement in cost of goods sold.
Product development assets are assessed for impairment triggers on an annual basis or when triggering events occur. In 2021, of the £19m impairment charges, £14m have been recognised as a result of asset write-offs related to the major restructuring programme. The full annual impairment test showed that there is adequate headroom across all product development assets and accordingly no further impairment charges were recognised in 2021 (2020: £nil
; 2019: £nil).