Related party transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

36. Related party transactions

Joint ventures and associates

Amounts advanced to joint ventures and associates during the year and at the balance sheet date are set out in note 12.

Key management personnel

Key management personnel are deemed to be the members of the Pearson executive. It is this Committee which had responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group in 2018. Key management personnel compensation is disclosed below:


All figures in £ millions	2018		2017
Short-term employee benefits		6		12
Retirement benefits		1		1
Share-based payment costs		7		2

Total		14		15

There were no other material related party transactions. No guarantees have been provided to related parties.