10-Q 1 stt-2012630_10q.htm FORM 10-Q STT-2012.6.30_10Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File No. 001-07511
STATE STREET CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts
 
04-2456637
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts
 
02111
(Address of principal executive office)
 
(Zip Code)
617-786-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
______________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  x
 
    Accelerated filer  ¨
 
    Non-accelerated filer  ¨
 
    Smaller reporting company  ¨
 
 
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
The number of shares of State Street’s common stock outstanding on July 31, 2012 was 479,105,319


STATE STREET CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
JUNE 30, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS






2
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL
State Street Corporation, the parent company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Management's Discussion and Analysis to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our principal banking subsidiary is State Street Bank and Trust Company, or State Street Bank. At June 30, 2012, we had total assets of $200.78 billion, total deposits of $143.77 billion, total shareholders' equity of $19.90 billion and 29,665 employees. With $22.42 trillion of assets under custody and administration and $1.91 trillion of assets under management at June 30, 2012, we are a leading specialist in meeting the needs of institutional investors worldwide.
We have two lines of business:
Investment Servicing provides services for U.S. mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations and endowments worldwide. Products include custody, product- and participant-level accounting, daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and alternative investment manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics to support institutional investors.
Investment Management, through State Street Global Advisors, or SSgA, provides a broad range of investment management strategies, specialized investment management advisory services and other financial services, such as securities finance, for corporations, public funds, and other sophisticated investors. Management strategies offered by SSgA include passive and active, such as enhanced indexing and hedge fund strategies, using quantitative and fundamental methods for both U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed-income securities. SSgA also offers exchange-traded funds.
For financial and other information about our lines of business, refer to “Line of Business Information” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
This Management's Discussion and Analysis is part of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, and updates the Management's Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, referred to as our 2011 Form 10-K, and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012. You should read the financial information contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q in conjunction with the financial and other information contained in those reports. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., referred to as GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in its application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses. The significant accounting policies that require us to make estimates and assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods, are accounting for fair value measurements; interest revenue recognition and other-than-temporary impairment; and impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. These significant accounting policies require the most subjective or complex judgments, and underlying estimates and assumptions could be subject to revision as new information becomes available. An understanding of the judgments, estimates and assumptions underlying these significant accounting policies is essential in order to understand our reported consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Additional information about these significant accounting policies is included under “Significant Accounting Estimates” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis in our 2011 Form 10-K. We did not change these significant accounting policies during the first six months of 2012.
Certain financial information presented in this Management's Discussion and Analysis is prepared on both a GAAP, or reported, basis and a non-GAAP, or operating, basis. We measure and compare certain financial information on an operating basis, as we believe that this presentation supports meaningful comparisons from period to period and the analysis of comparable financial trends with respect to State Street's normal ongoing business operations. We believe that operating-basis financial information, which reports revenue from non-taxable sources on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and excludes the impact of revenue and expenses outside of the normal course of our business, facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of State Street's underlying financial performance and trends in addition to financial information prepared and reported in conformity with GAAP. Operating-basis financial information should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, financial information prepared in conformity with GAAP. Any non-GAAP, or operating-basis, financial information presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is reconciled to its nearest GAAP-basis measure.

3
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q, as well as other reports filed by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, our annual report to shareholders and other public statements we may make, contain statements (including statements in this Management's Discussion and Analysis) that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws, including statements about industry, regulatory, economic and market trends, management's expectations about our financial performance, market growth, acquisitions and divestitures, new technologies, services and opportunities and earnings, management's confidence in our strategies and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. Terminology such as “expect,” “look,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “seek,” “may,” “will,” “trend,” “target” and “goal,” or similar statements or variations of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.
Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are based on management's expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made, and are not guarantees of future results. Management's expectations and assumptions, and the continued validity of the forward-looking statements, are subject to change due to a broad range of factors affecting the national and global economies, the equity, debt, currency and other financial markets, as well as factors specific to State Street and its subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. Factors that could cause changes in the expectations or assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based cannot be foreseen with certainty and may include, but are not limited to:

•
the financial strength and continuing viability of the counterparties with which we or our clients do business and to which we have investment, credit or financial exposure, including, for example, the direct and indirect effects on counterparties to the current sovereign debt risks in Europe and other regions and of their actual or perceived creditworthiness, as reflected in recent credit downgrades of many major banks;
•
financial market disruptions or economic recession, whether in the U.S., Europe or other regions internationally;
•
increases in the volatility of, or declines in the level of, our net interest revenue, the impact of a prolonged period of low interest rates on our net interest margin and operating model, changes in the composition of the assets recorded in our consolidated statement of condition and the possibility that we may be required to change the manner in which we fund those assets;
•
the liquidity of the U.S. and international securities markets, particularly the markets for fixed-income securities and inter-bank credits, and the liquidity requirements of our clients;
•
the level and volatility of interest rates and the performance and volatility of securities, credit, currency and other markets in the U.S. and internationally;
•
the credit quality, credit agency ratings, and fair values of the securities in our investment securities portfolio, a deterioration or downgrade of which could lead to other-than-temporary impairment of the respective securities and the recognition of an impairment loss in our consolidated statement of income;
•
our ability to attract deposits and other low-cost, short-term funding, and our ability to deploy deposits in a profitable manner consistent with our liquidity requirements and risk profile;
•
the manner in which the Federal Reserve and other regulators implement the Dodd-Frank Act, Basel III, European directives with respect to banking and financial instruments and other regulatory initiatives in the U.S. and internationally, including regulatory developments that result in changes to our operating model, increased costs or other changes to the provision of our services;
•
adverse changes in required regulatory capital ratios, whether arising under the Dodd-Frank Act, Basel II or Basel III, or due to changes in regulatory positions or regulations in jurisdictions in which we engage in banking activities;
•
our ability to obtain approvals required by the Federal Reserve or other regulators for the use, allocation or distribution of our capital or other specific capital actions or programs, including acquisitions, dividends and equity repurchases or redemptions, that may restrict or limit our growth plans, distributions to shareholders, equity purchase programs or other capital initiatives, which approvals with respect to certain matters, such as capital plans, are subject to reconsideration by regulators in light of changes in market conditions or developments specific to us;
•
our ability to implement our regulatory capital plans submitted to, with no objection raised by, the Federal Reserve, and the effects of market conditions or other factors on the results of the stress tests underlying those capital plans,

4
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

particularly if the Federal Reserve determines that our consolidated results of operations or financial prospects or our intended uses of our regulatory capital change our regulatory capital outlook, to the extent that such outlook does not permit us to continue to return capital to shareholders at the levels contemplated by our capital plans;
•
changes in law or regulation that may adversely affect our, our clients' or our counterparties' business activities and the products or services that we sell, including additional or increased taxes or assessments thereon, capital adequacy requirements and changes that expose us to risks related to compliance;
•
the maintenance of credit agency ratings for our debt and depository obligations as well as the level of credibility of credit agency ratings;
•
delays or difficulties in the execution of our previously announced business operations and information technology transformation program, which could lead to changes in our estimates of the charges, expenses or savings associated with the planned program, resulting in increased volatility of our earnings;
•
the results of, and costs associated with, government investigations, litigation, and similar claims, disputes, or proceedings, including results requiring the payment of multiple, punitive, consequential or other damages that may substantially exceed the amount of direct damages;
•
the possibility that our clients will incur substantial losses in investment pools where we act as agent, and the possibility of significant reductions in the valuation of assets;
•
adverse publicity or other reputational harm;
•
dependencies on information technology, complexities and costs of protecting the security of our systems and difficulties with protecting our intellectual property rights;
•
our ability to grow revenue, attract and/or retain and compensate highly skilled people, control expenses and attract the capital necessary to achieve our business goals and comply with regulatory requirements;
•
potential changes to the competitive environment, including changes due to regulatory and technological changes, the effects of consolidation, and perceptions of State Street as a suitable service provider or counterparty;
•
potential changes in how clients compensate us for our services, and the mix of services that clients choose from us;
•
the risks that acquired businesses and joint ventures will not achieve their anticipated financial and operational benefits or will not be integrated successfully, or that the integration will take longer than anticipated, that expected synergies will not be achieved or unexpected disynergies will be experienced, that client and deposit retention goals will not be met, that other regulatory or operational challenges will be experienced and that disruptions from the transaction will harm relationships with clients, employees or regulators;
•
the ability to complete acquisitions, divestitures and joint ventures, including the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the ability to arrange financing as required and the ability to satisfy closing conditions;
•
our ability to recognize emerging needs of clients and to develop products that are responsive to such trends and profitable to the company; the performance of and demand for the products and services we offer, including the level and timing of redemptions and withdrawals from our collateral pools and other collective investment products; and the potential for new products and services to impose additional costs on us and expose us to increased operational risk;
•
our ability to measure the fair value of the investment securities recorded in our consolidated statement of condition;
•
our ability to control operating risks, data security breach risks, information technology systems risks and outsourcing risks, and our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, the possibility of errors in the quantitative models we use to manage our business and the possibility that our controls will prove insufficient, fail or be circumvented;
•
changes in accounting standards and practices; and
•
changes in tax legislation and in the interpretation of existing tax laws by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities that affect the amount of taxes due.
Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in our forward-looking statements and from our historical financial results due to the factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or disclosed in our other SEC filings, including the risk factors discussed in our 2011 Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our expectations or beliefs as of any date subsequent to the time this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to revise our forward-looking statements after the time they are made. The factors discussed above are

5
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

not intended to be a complete summary of all risks and uncertainties that may affect our businesses. We cannot anticipate all developments that may adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Forward-looking statements should not be viewed as predictions, and should not be the primary basis upon which investors evaluate State Street. Any investor in State Street should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in particular our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, or registration statements filed under the Securities Act of 1933, all of which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or on our website at www.statestreet.com.


OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
 
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
Total fee revenue
$
1,778

 
$
1,892

 
(6
)%
 
$
3,563

 
$
3,683

 
(3
)%
Net interest revenue
672

 
572

 
17

 
1,297

 
1,149

 
13

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
(27
)
 
27

 
 
 
(16
)
 
20

 
 
Total revenue
2,423

 
2,491

 
(3
)
 
4,844

 
4,852

 
—

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
2

 
 
 
(1
)
 
1

 
 
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses from operations
1,728

 
1,757

 
(2
)
 
3,527

 
3,440

 
3

Acquisition costs
15

 
13

 
 
 
28

 
27

 
 
Restructuring charges
22

 
4

 
 
 
30

 
9

 
 
Litigation settlement costs
7

 
—

 
 
 
22

 
—

 
 
Total expenses
1,772

 
1,774

 
—

 
3,607

 
3,476

 
4

Income before income tax expense
652

 
715

 
(9
)
 
1,238

 
1,375

 
(10
)
Income tax expense
162

 
202

 
 
 
321

 
391

 
 
Net income
$
490

 
$
513

 
(4
)
 
$
917

 
$
984

 
(7
)
Adjustments to net income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends on preferred stock
$
(7
)
 
$
(7
)
 
 
 
$
(14
)
 
$
(7
)
 
 
Earnings allocated to participating securities(1)
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
 
 
(6
)
 
(9
)
 
 
Net income available to common shareholders
$
480

 
$
502

 
 
 
$
897

 
$
968

 
 
Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.00

 
$
1.01

 
 
 
$
1.86

 
$
1.95

 
 
Diluted
.98

 
1.00

 
(2
)
 
1.83

 
1.93

 
(5
)
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
481,404

 
496,806

 
 
 
483,165

 
497,137

 
 
Diluted
488,518

 
501,044

 
 
 
489,145

 
500,753

 
 
Cash dividends declared per common share
$
.24

 
$
.18

 
 
 
$
.48

 
$
.36

 
 
Return on average common equity
10.0
%
 
10.6
%
 
 
 
9.4
%
 
10.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) 
Refer to note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

6
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Highlights
On July 17, 2012, we announced an agreement to acquire Goldman Sachs Administration Services, or GSAS, a global hedge fund administrator with approximately $200 billion in hedge fund assets under administration, in a cash transaction with a total purchase price of approximately $550 million, subject to certain adjustments. Pending regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, we expect to complete the acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2012. As of June 30, 2012, we had hedge fund assets under administration of approximately $497 billion and aggregate alternative assets under administration of approximately $877 billion. GSAS hedge fund assets under administration are not included in these amounts.
The following "Significant Developments" and "Financial Results" sections provide information related to notable actions we took in the second quarter of 2012, as well as highlights of our financial results for the second quarter of 2012 presented in the preceding table. Additional information about our financial results is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations,” which follows these sections.
Significant Developments
During the second quarter, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.24 per share, or approximately $115 million, which was paid in July 2012. This dividend, together with a dividend of $0.24 per share, or approximately $118 million, declared in the first quarter of this year and paid in April 2012, totals $0.48 per share, or approximately $233 million, for the first half of 2012, compared to aggregate dividends of $0.36 per share, or approximately $181 million, for the first six months of 2011. We also purchased approximately 11.1 million shares of our common stock under the program approved by the Board of Directors in March 2012, under which we are authorized to purchase up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2013. The shares were purchased at an average and aggregate cost of $43.26 and $480 million, respectively. This new program follows our 2011 common stock purchase program, under which we purchased 16.31 million shares of our common stock at an average and aggregate cost of $41.38 and $675 million, respectively, from May 2011 through November 2011.
During the second quarter, we continued the implementation of our business operations and information technology transformation program. With respect to this program, in 2011 we achieved approximately $86 million of annual pre-tax, run-rate expense savings compared to our 2010 run-rate expense base, previously disclosed in our 2011 Form 10-K, of approximately $6.18 billion of expenses from operations, all else being equal. In addition to the $86 million of annual pre-tax, run-rate expense savings already achieved in 2011, we expect to achieve additional annual pre-tax, run-rate expense savings in 2012 in the range of approximately $90 million to $100 million compared to our above-described 2010 run-rate expense base, all else being equal. These annual pre-tax, run-rate expense savings relate only to the business operations and information technology transformation program. Our actual expenses from operations may increase or decrease as a result of other factors.
Additional information about our business operations and information technology transformation program is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations – Expenses” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
Financial Results
Total revenue for the second quarter of 2012 decreased 3% compared to the same period in 2011, primarily the result of a 6% decrease in fee revenue, partly offset by a 17% increase in net interest revenue.
Servicing fees declined 3% from last year's second quarter, generally reflective of weakness in non-U.S. markets and the impact of the weaker Euro, as well as changes in asset mix, partly offset by the impact of new business installed and slight improvement in the S&P 500 index. Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. during the second quarter of 2012 and the second quarter of 2011 were approximately 42% and 43%, respectively, of total servicing fees. Management fees declined 2% in the same comparison, as changes in worldwide equity market valuations were mixed. Average month-end equity valuations for the S & P 500 Index were up 1%, and for the MSCI® EAFE Indexes were down approximately 18%, from the second quarter of 2011. Management fees generated outside the U.S. during the second quarter of 2012 and the second quarter of 2011 were approximately 36% and 45%, respectively, of total management fees.
Trading services revenue declined 18% from last year's second quarter, mainly from lower currency volatility in foreign exchange, reflective of weak capital markets, partly offset by higher foreign exchange trading volumes, and lower revenue from both transition management and sales and trading. Securities finance revenue increased 4% as a result of higher spreads, partly offset by lower lending volumes associated with reduced demand.
During the second quarter of 2012, we recorded net interest revenue of $672 million, a 17% increase compared to $572 million for the second quarter of 2011. On a fully taxable-equivalent basis, net interest revenue in the second quarter of 2012 increased 16%, to $703 million from $605 million. These net interest revenue amounts included $74 million and $51 million,

7
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

respectively, of discount accretion related to investment securities added to our consolidated statement of condition in connection with the 2009 asset-backed commercial paper conduit consolidation. Fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue also reflected tax-equivalent adjustments for the second quarter of 2012 and 2011 of $31 million and $33 million, respectively. Discount accretion is more fully discussed in “Net Interest Revenue” under “Consolidated Results of Operations” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Both increases in net interest revenue (GAAP-basis and fully taxable-equivalent) were the result of the impact of higher levels of interest-earning assets associated with the investment of a higher level of client deposits, mainly increases in interest-bearing deposits with banks and investment portfolio securities; higher yields on U.S. floating-rate securities due to movements in short-term LIBOR rates; lower funding costs; and the above-described increase in discount accretion. These increases were partly offset by lower yields on fixed-rate securities. Net interest margin, calculated on fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue, declined 4 basis points to 1.72% in the second quarter of 2012 from 1.76% in the second quarter of 2011. The investment of the incremental client deposits increased our average interest-earning assets; however, they negatively affected our net interest margin.
Total expenses of $1.77 billion for the second quarter of 2012 were approximately flat with the second quarter of 2011. Compensation and employee benefits expenses declined 7%, or $67 million, compared to the second quarter of 2011, due to lower incentive compensation, offset by increases in other expenses and acquisition and restructuring costs. Total expenses for the second quarter of 2012 included approximately $25 million of non-recurring costs related to the business operations and information technology transformation program, $20 million of which were included in compensation and benefits expenses, compared to $16 million of non-recurring costs for the second quarter of 2011. The 2011 costs were substantially all in compensation and benefits expenses. These non-recurring costs are not expected to be incurred after the program is fully implemented.
During the second quarter of 2012, we secured mandates for approximately $133 billion of new business in assets to be serviced; of the total, $79 billion was installed prior to June 30, 2012, with the remaining $54 billion expected to be installed during the remainder of 2012 and later. In the second quarter of 2012, we also installed approximately $51 billion of new business in assets to be serviced that we were awarded in periods prior to the second quarter of 2012. The new business not installed by June 30, 2012 was not included in assets under custody and administration at that date, and had no impact on servicing fee revenue for the second quarter of 2012, as the assets are not included until their installation is complete and we begin to service them. Once installed, the assets generate servicing fee revenue in subsequent periods. We will provide various services for these assets including accounting, fund administration, custody, foreign exchange, securities finance, transfer agency, performance analytics, compliance reporting and monitoring, hedge fund servicing, private equity administration, real estate administration, depository banking services, wealth management services and investment manager operations outsourcing.
During the second quarter of 2012, SSgA recorded net lost business in managed assets of approximately $6 billion; this net lost business was composed of $7 billion of net inflows into exchange-traded funds, or ETFs; approximately $1 billion of net inflows into institutional and fixed-income funds, primarily passive; approximately $12 billion of outflows from managed cash, mainly related to declines in securities lending collateral as the impact of dividend season in Europe abated; and approximately $2 billion of outflows from active and enhanced equity funds, as clients shifted their investment preferences.
An additional $21 billion of new business, awarded to SSgA but not installed by June 30, 2012, was not included in assets under management at that date, and had no impact on management fee revenue for the second quarter of 2012, as the assets are not included until their installation is complete and we begin to manage them. Once installed, the assets generate management fee revenue in subsequent periods.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying condensed notes included in this Form 10-Q.
TOTAL REVENUE
Information with respect to the sources of our revenue, the products and activities that generate it, and the factors that influence the levels of revenue generated during any period is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations – Total Revenue” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2011 Form 10-K.


8
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

 
(3
)%
 
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

 
(2
)%
Management fees
246

 
250

 
(2
)
 
482

 
486

 
(1
)
Trading services
255

 
311

 
(18
)
 
535

 
613

 
(13
)
Securities finance
143

 
137

 
4

 
240

 
203

 
18

Processing fees and other
48

 
70

 
(31
)
 
142

 
162

 
(12
)
Total fee revenue
1,778

 
1,892

 
(6
)
 
3,563

 
3,683

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest revenue
786

 
719

 
9

 
1,551

 
1,453

 
7

Interest expense
114

 
147

 
(22
)
 
254

 
304

 
(16
)
Net interest revenue
672

 
572

 
17

 
1,297

 
1,149

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
(27
)
 
27

 
 
 
(16
)
 
20

 
 
Total revenue
$
2,423

 
$
2,491

 
(3
)
 
$
4,844

 
$
4,852

 
—

Fee Revenue
Servicing and management fees collectively composed approximately 75% and 74% of our total fee revenue for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to approximately 73% of our total fee revenue for both corresponding periods in 2011. The level of these fees is influenced by several factors, including the mix and volume of assets under custody and administration and assets under management, securities positions held and the volume of portfolio transactions, and the types of products and services used by clients, and is generally affected by changes in worldwide equity and fixed-income security valuations.
 Generally, servicing fees are affected, in part, by changes in daily average valuations of assets under custody and administration, while management fees are affected by changes in month-end valuations of assets under management. Additional factors, such as asset mix, the level of transaction volumes, changes in service level, balance credits, client minimum balances, pricing concessions and other factors, may have a significant effect on our servicing fee revenue.
Generally, management fee revenue is more sensitive to market valuations than servicing fee revenue. Management fees for actively managed products are generally earned at higher rates than those for passive products. Actively managed products may also involve performance fee arrangements.
In light of the above, we estimate, assuming all other factors remain constant, that a 10% increase or decrease in worldwide equity values would result in a corresponding change in our total revenue of approximately 2%. If fixed-income security values were to increase or decrease by 10%, we would anticipate a corresponding change of approximately 1% in our total revenue.
The following table presents selected equity market indices as of June 30, 2012 and 2011, and for the quarters and six months then ended. Daily averages and the averages of month-end indices demonstrate worldwide changes in equity market valuations that affect our servicing and management fee revenue, respectively. Quarter-end indices affect the value of assets under custody and administration and assets under management as of those dates. The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.

9
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)


INDEX
 
Daily Averages of Indices
 
Averages of Month-End Indices
 
Quarter-End Indices
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
As of June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
S&P 500®
1,350

 
1,318

 
2
 %
 
1,357

 
1,343

 
1
 %
 
1,362

 
1,321

 
3
 %
NASDAQ®
2,926

 
2,765

 
6

 
2,936

 
2,827

 
4

 
2,935

 
2,774

 
6

MSCI EAFE®
1,427

 
1,710

 
(17
)
 
1,424

 
1,746

 
(18
)
 
1,423

 
1,708

 
(17
)
 
Daily Averages of Indices
 
Averages of Month-End Indices
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change   
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
S&P 500®
1,349

 
1,310

 
3
 %
 
1,359

 
1,328

 
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
NASDAQ®
2,917

 
2,752

 
6

 
2,947

 
2,791

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
MSCI EAFE®
1,471

 
1,705

 
(14
)
 
1,480

 
1,731

 
(15
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing Fees
The decreases in servicing fees of 3% and 2% for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011 primarily resulted from weakness in non-U.S. markets and the impact of the weaker Euro, as well as changes in asset mix, as clients shifted their investment preferences from equity funds to fixed-income and government funds. These factors were partly offset by the impact of new business installed on current-period revenue and slight improvement in the S&P 500 index, as presented in the foregoing "INDEX" table. For both the second quarter and first six months of 2012, servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 42% of total servicing fees compared to approximately 43% and 42% for the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively.
As of June 30, 2012, our total assets under custody and administration, presented in the following tables, were $22.42 trillion, compared to $21.81 trillion as of December 31, 2011 and $22.76 trillion as of June 30, 2011. The increase from December 2011 to June 2012 primarily resulted from net increases in equity market valuations, as well as the installation of new servicing business and net client subscriptions, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency translation. The slight decrease in the June-to-June comparison primarily resulted from the impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by the installation of new servicing business. Servicing asset levels as of June 30, 2012 did not reflect $54 billion of new business in assets to be serviced that was awarded to us during the second quarter of 2012 and had not been installed prior to June 30, 2012. The value of assets under custody and administration is a broad measure of the relative size of various markets served. Changes in the values of assets under custody and administration do not necessarily result in proportional changes in our servicing fee revenue.
The following tables present the components, financial instrument mix and geographic mix of assets under custody and administration as of June 30, 2012, December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011:
ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION
(In billions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
Mutual funds
$
5,572

 
$
5,265

 
$
5,584

Collective funds
4,597

 
4,437

 
4,708

Pension products
4,955

 
4,837

 
5,185

Insurance and other products
7,299

 
7,268

 
7,285

Total
$
22,423

 
$
21,807

 
$
22,762


10
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION 
(In billions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
Equities
$
11,242

 
$
10,849

 
$
12,601

Fixed-income
8,403

 
8,317

 
7,392

Short-term and other investments
2,778

 
2,641

 
2,769

Total
$
22,423

 
$
21,807

 
$
22,762

GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND ADMINISTRATION(1)
(In billions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
United States
$
16,335

 
$
15,745

 
$
16,486

Other Americas
643

 
622

 
674

Europe/Middle East/Africa
4,445

 
4,400

 
4,553

Asia/Pacific
1,000

 
1,040

 
1,049

Total
$
22,423

 
$
21,807

 
$
22,762

 
 
 
 
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location at which the assets are custodied or serviced.
Management Fees
Management fees decreased 2% and 1% during the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011. Both decreases were primarily the result of weaker international equity markets, partially offset by the impact of net new business installed on current-period revenue. Average month-end equity market valuations, individually presented in the foregoing “INDEX” table, were down an average of 3% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011, and were down an average of 1% in the six-month comparison. For the second quarter and first six months of 2012, management fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 36% and 37%, respectively, of total management fees, compared to approximately 45% and 40%, respectively, for the same periods in 2011.
As of June 30, 2012, assets under management, presented in the following tables, were $1.91 trillion, compared to $1.85 trillion as of December 31, 2011 and $2.10 trillion as of June 30, 2011. Such amounts included assets of the SPDR® Gold Fund, for which we act as distribution agent rather than investment manager. In addition, the assets under management as of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011 included certain assets managed for the U.S. government under programs adopted during the financial crisis. While certain management fees are directly determined by the value of assets under management and the investment strategy employed, management fees reflect other factors as well, including our relationship pricing for clients using multiple services.
The overall increase in assets under management as of June 30, 2012 compared to December 31, 2011, reflected in the table of activity in assets under management that follows this discussion, mainly reflected net market appreciation during the the six-month period in the values of the assets managed, as well as net new business of $4 billion. This net new business reflects the impact of the planned redemption of $31 billion of assets in connection with the Department of the U.S. Treasury's portfolio of agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. In the first six months of 2012, exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, increased 11%, due partly to $17 billion of net inflows, and passive equities increased 8%. These increases were partly offset by a 9% decline in passive fixed-income assets under management, mainly reflective of the above-described U.S. Treasury asset redemptions.
The net new business of $4 billion described above does not include $21 billion of new business awarded to SSgA that had not been installed prior to June 30, 2012. This new business will be included in assets under management in future periods after installation, and will generate management fee revenue in subsequent periods.  
The overall decrease in assets under management as of December 31, 2011 compared to June 30, 2011, reflected in the table of activity in assets under management that follows this discussion, mainly reflected net lost business of $139 billion, which included approximately $77 billion of the above-described planned U.S. Treasury asset redemptions, as well as net market depreciation during the six-month period in the values of the assets managed.
The following tables present the components and geographic mix of assets under management as of June 30, 2012,

11
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011:

ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
(In billions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
Passive:
 
 
 
 
 
Equities
$
688

 
$
638

 
$
706

Fixed-income
223

 
246

 
325

Exchange-traded funds(1)
305

 
274

 
267

Other
195

 
195

 
218

Total Passive
1,411

 
1,353

 
1,516

Active:
 
 
 
 
 
Equities
47

 
50

 
62

Fixed-income
18

 
19

 
19

Other
53

 
45

 
41

Total Active
118

 
114

 
122

Cash
379

 
378

 
459

Total
$
1,908

 
$
1,845

 
$
2,097

 
 
 
 
  (1) Includes SPDR® Gold Fund, for which State Street is not the investment manager but acts as distribution agent.

GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
(In billions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
United States
$
1,324

 
$
1,285

 
$
1,465

Other Americas
36

 
30

 
34

Europe/Middle East/Africa
320

 
320

 
374

Asia/Pacific
228

 
210

 
224

Total
$
1,908

 
$
1,845

 
$
2,097

 
 
 
 
(1) Geographic mix is based on the location at which the assets are managed.
The following table presents activity in assets under management during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012:
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
(In billions)
 
June 30, 2011
$
2,097

Net lost business(1)
(139
)
Market depreciation
(113
)
December 31, 2011
$
1,845

Net new business(1)
4

Market appreciation
59

June 30, 2012
$
1,908

 
 
 
 
(1) Amounts for the last six months of 2011 and the first six months of 2012 included redemptions of approximately $77 billion and $31 billion, respectively, of U.S. government securities associated with the Department of the U.S. Treasury's portfolio of agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities.  

12
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Trading Services
Trading services revenue includes revenue from foreign exchange trading, as well as brokerage and other trading services. We earn foreign exchange trading revenue by acting as a market maker. We offer a range of foreign exchange, or FX, products, services and execution models which focus on clients' global requirements for our proprietary research and the execution of trades in any time zone. Most of our FX products and execution services can be grouped into three broad categories: “direct FX,” “indirect FX,” and electronic trading. Direct and indirect FX revenue is recorded in foreign exchange trading revenue. Revenue from electronic trading is recorded in brokerage and other trading services revenue.
We also offer a range of brokerage and other trading products tailored specifically to meet the needs of the global pension community, including transition management, commission recapture and self-directed brokerage. These products are differentiated by our position as an agent of the institutional investor.
Trading services revenue was $255 million and $311 million for the second quarter of 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $535 million and $613 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Such revenue declined 18% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011 and decreased 13% in the six-month comparison. The components of these declines, composed of changes related to foreign exchange trading and brokerage and other trading services, are explained below.
Foreign exchange trading revenue of $129 million declined 24% for the second quarter of 2012 from $169 million for the second quarter of 2011 and decreased 15% to $278 million from $329 million in the six-month comparison. The decreases in the second quarter and first six months of 2012 were primarily the result of 16% and 11% declines, respectively, in currency volatility, partly offset by higher client volumes.
Brokerage and other trading services revenue of $126 million declined 11% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to $142 million for the second quarter of 2011, with the decrease largely related to lower levels of revenue from transition management. For the first six months of 2012, brokerage and other trading services revenue was $257 million, down 10% from $284 million for the first six months of 2011. Our transition management revenue and expenses in 2011 and 2012 were adversely affected by compliance issues in our U.K. business, the reputational and regulatory impact of which may continue to adversely affect our revenue from transition management in the remainder of 2012.
With respect to foreign exchange trading, we enter into FX transactions with clients and investment managers that contact our trading desk directly. These trades are all executed at negotiated rates. We refer to this activity, and our market-making activities, as "direct FX." Alternatively, clients or their investment managers may elect to route FX transactions to our FX desk through our asset servicing operation; we refer to this activity as "indirect FX." We execute indirect FX trades as a principal at rates based on a published formula. We calculate revenue for indirect FX using an attribution methodology based on estimated effective mark-ups/downs and observed client volumes.
For the second quarter and first six months of 2012, our estimated indirect FX revenue was approximately $66 million and $141 million, respectively, compared to $85 million and $171 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2011. All other FX revenue, other than this indirect FX revenue estimate and FX revenue from electronic trading, is estimated and considered by us to be direct FX revenue. For the second quarter and first six months of 2012, our estimated direct FX revenue was $63 million and $137 million, respectively, compared to $84 million and $158 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2011.
Our clients may choose to execute FX transactions through one of our electronic trading platforms. This service generates revenue through a “click” fee. For the second quarter and first six months of 2012, our revenue from electronic FX trading platforms was approximately $54 million and $109 million, respectively, compared to $61 million and $120 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2011. As described above, this revenue was recorded in brokerage and other trading services revenue.
During the first six months of 2012, some of our clients who relied on our indirect model to execute their FX transactions transitioned to other methods to conduct their FX transactions. Through State Street Global Markets, a unit of our Investment Servicing line of business, they can transition to either direct FX execution, including our “Street FX” service which enables our clients to define their FX execution strategy and automate the foreign exchange trade execution process, where State Street continues to act as a principal market maker, or to one of our electronic trading platforms. We continue to expect that some clients may choose, over time, to reduce their level of indirect foreign exchange transactions in favor of other execution methods, including either direct foreign exchange transactions or electronic trading.
Securities Finance
Our agency securities finance business consists of two principal components: investment funds with a broad range of investment objectives which are managed by SSgA and engage in agency securities lending, which we refer to as the SSgA

13
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

lending funds; and an agency lending program for third-party investment managers and asset owners, which we refer to as the agency lending funds.
 We also participate in securities lending transactions as a principal rather than an agent. As a principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Our involvement as principal is utilized when the lending client is unable to, or elects not to, transact directly with the market and requires us to execute the transaction and furnish the securities. We provide our credit rating to the transaction, as well as our ability to source securities through our assets under custody and administration.
Securities finance revenue, composed of our split of both the spreads related to cash collateral and the fees related to non-cash collateral, is principally a function of the volume of securities on loan and the interest-rate spreads and fees earned on the underlying collateral. For the second quarter of 2012, securities finance revenue increased 4% from the second quarter of 2011, and for the first six months of 2012 increased 18% compared to the corresponding period in 2011. The increases were substantially the result of higher spreads across all lending programs, partly offset by 11% and 9% decreases in average lending volumes comparing the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, to the same periods in 2011. Average spreads increased 26% and 37% for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011. Securities on loan averaged approximately $337 billion and $334 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to approximately $379 billion and $369 billion, respectively, for the same periods in 2011.
Market influences will continue to affect our revenue from, and the profitability of, our securities lending activities during 2012, and may do so in future periods. As long as securities lending spreads remain below the levels generally experienced prior to late 2007, client demand is likely to remain at a reduced level and our revenues from our securities lending activities will be similarly affected. In addition, proposed or anticipated regulatory changes may affect the volume of our securities lending activity and related revenue in future periods.
Processing Fees and Other
Processing fees and other revenue for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 decreased by 31% and 12%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011. The decreases were primarily the result of a gain on an early termination of a lease in the second quarter of 2011 and amortization expense related to tax-advantaged investments in the second quarter of 2012.

NET INTEREST REVENUE
Net interest revenue is defined as total interest revenue earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets, which principally consist of investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, repurchase agreements, loans and leases and other liquid assets, are financed primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Net interest margin represents the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue and total average interest-earning assets for the period. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly that earned from certain investment securities (state and political subdivisions), is adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal statutory income tax rate of 35%, adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net of the related federal tax benefit.
The following table presents the components of average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities, related interest revenue and interest expense, and rates earned and paid, for the periods indicated:

14
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 
Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
$
25,205

 
$
35

 
.55
%
 
$
10,325

 
$
28

 
1.05
%
Securities purchased under resale agreements
7,944

 
13

 
.64

 
2,556

 
6

 
.94

Trading account assets
648

 
—

 
.14

 
2,421

 
—

 
—

Investment securities
112,670

 
697

 
2.48

 
104,570

 
650

 
2.49

Loans and leases
11,304

 
71

 
2.50

 
12,720

 
67

 
2.14

Other interest-earning assets
6,677

 
1

 
.04

 
5,346

 
1

 
.03

Total average interest-earning assets
$
164,448

 
$
817

 
2.00

 
$
137,938

 
$
752

 
2.18

Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
$
7,448

 
$
4

 
.27
%
 
$
1,605

 
$
—

 
.09
%
Non-U.S.
88,048

 
33

 
.15

 
83,358

 
44

 
.21

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
8,288

 
1

 
.01

 
9,179

 
3

 
.14

Federal funds purchased
976

 
—

 
.10

 
1,104

 
—

 
.09

Other short-term borrowings
4,737

 
18

 
1.49

 
4,971

 
21

 
1.71

Long-term debt
6,939

 
54

 
3.14

 
9,541

 
76

 
3.16

Other interest-bearing liabilities
4,851

 
4

 
.33

 
3,426

 
3

 
.27

Total average interest-bearing liabilities
$
121,287

 
$
114

 
.38

 
$
113,184

 
$
147

 
.52

Interest-rate spread
 
 
 
 
1.62
%
 
 
 
 
 
1.66
%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis
 
 
$
703

 
 
 
 
 
$
605

 
 
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis
 
 
 
 
1.72
%
 
 
 
 
 
1.76
%
Tax-equivalent adjustment
 
 
(31
)
 
 
 
 
 
(33
)
 
 
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis
 
 
$
672

 
 
 
 
 
$
572

 
 

15
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Revenue/
Expense
 
Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
$
25,383

 
$
77

 
.61
%
 
$
12,181

 
$
55

 
.90
%
Securities purchased under resale agreements
7,715

 
22

 
.58

 
3,710

 
16

 
.87

Trading account assets
683

 
—

 
.03

 
2,279

 
—

 
—

Investment securities
111,205

 
1,386

 
2.49

 
100,161

 
1,297

 
2.61

Loans and leases
11,033

 
126

 
2.30

 
12,729

 
148

 
2.35

Other interest-earning assets
6,807

 
2

 
.04

 
4,586

 
1

 
.03

Total average interest-earning assets
$
162,826

 
$
1,613

 
1.99

 
$
135,646

 
$
1,517

 
2.26

Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
$
4,952

 
$
7

 
.30
%
 
$
3,368

 
$
6

 
.36
%
Non-U.S.
87,538

 
83

 
.19

 
81,053

 
96

 
.24

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
7,864

 
1

 
.01

 
9,117

 
5

 
.12

Federal funds purchased
892

 
—

 
.07

 
1,139

 
—

 
.06

Other short-term borrowings
4,705

 
36

 
1.51

 
5,335

 
46

 
1.72

Long-term debt
7,540

 
120

 
3.19

 
9,228

 
147

 
3.18

Other interest-bearing liabilities
5,853

 
7

 
.25

 
2,784

 
4

 
.26

Total average interest-bearing liabilities
$
119,344

 
$
254

 
.43

 
$
112,024

 
$
304

 
.55

Interest-rate spread
 
 
 
 
1.56
%
 
 
 
 
 
1.71
%
Net interest revenue—fully taxable-equivalent basis
 
 
$
1,359

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,213

 
 
Net interest margin—fully taxable-equivalent basis
 
 
 
 
1.68
%
 
 
 
 
 
1.80
%
Tax-equivalent adjustment
 
 
(62
)
 
 
 
 
 
(64
)
 
 
Net interest revenue—GAAP basis
 
 
$
1,297

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,149

 
 
For the first six months of 2012 compared to the first six months of 2011, average interest-earning assets increased, mainly the result of the investment of higher levels of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing client deposits into interest-bearing deposits with banks and investment securities. The increases in average interest-bearing deposits with banks resulted from the additional deposits placed with us by clients amid market and public concerns related to various economic events; the growth in investment securities resulted from our ongoing re-investment strategy.
The incremental client deposits were invested primarily with the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and other non-U.S. central banks. These invested deposits increased our average interest-earning assets; however, they negatively affected our net interest margin. Securities purchased under resale agreements increased to meet client liquidity needs as we reduced our U.S. Treasury holdings.
On a GAAP and fully taxable-equivalent basis, net interest revenue increased 17% and 16%, respectively, for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011 and increased 13% and 12%, respectively, for the first six months of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. These increases were driven by the impact of higher levels of interest-earning assets, mainly the result of higher levels of client deposits, with the excess deposits invested primarily with the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and other non-U.S. central banks; the above-described growth in the investment portfolio; lower funding costs; and higher levels of discount accretion associated with former conduit securities. These increases were partly offset by the impact of lower rates on interest-earning assets.
If conduit-related discount accretion were excluded, fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue for the second quarter of 2012 would have increased 14%, from $554 million ($605 million presented in the preceding table less accretion of $51 million) in the second quarter of 2011 to $629 million ($703 million presented in the preceding table less accretion of $74 million). For the six-month period, fully taxable-equivalent net interest revenue would have increased 12%, from $1.10 billion ($1.21 billion presented in the preceding six-month table less accretion of $113 million) in 2011 to $1.24 billion ($1.36 billion presented in the preceding six-month table less accretion of $123 million). Discount accretion increased in both comparisons due to pay-offs of two conduit securities in the second quarter of 2012.

16
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Subsequent to the 2009 conduit consolidation, we have recorded aggregate discount accretion in interest revenue of $1.68 billion ($621 million in 2009, $712 million in 2010, $220 million in 2011 and $123 million in the first six months of 2012). The timing and ultimate recognition of discount accretion depends, in part, on factors that are outside of our control, including anticipated prepayment speeds and credit quality. The impact of these factors is uncertain and can be significantly influenced by general economic and financial market conditions. The timing and recognition of discount accretion can also be influenced by our ongoing management of the risks and other characteristics associated with our investment securities portfolio, including sales of securities which would otherwise generate accretion, such as the December 2010 investment portfolio repositioning.
Depending on the factors discussed above, among others, we anticipate that, until the former conduit securities remaining in our investment portfolio mature or are sold, discount accretion will continue to contribute to our net interest revenue. Assuming that we hold the remaining former conduit securities to maturity, all other things equal, we expect the remaining former conduit securities carried in our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2012 to generate aggregate discount accretion in future periods of approximately $900 million over their remaining terms, with approximately half of this aggregate discount accretion to be recorded over the next four years.
Changes in the components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are discussed in more detail below. Additional detail about the components of interest revenue and interest expense is provided in note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, which include cash balances maintained at the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and other non-U.S. central banks to satisfy reserve requirements, averaged $25.21 billion for the second quarter of 2012, compared to $10.33 billion for the second quarter of 2011, and for the first six months of 2012 averaged $25.38 billion, compared to $12.18 billion for the same period in 2011. The significant increases in both comparisons reflected the impact of the investment of higher levels of noninterest-bearing client deposits. Average aggregate excess deposits approximated $15 billion and $4 billion for the second quarter of 2012 and 2011, respectively, with both periods exceeding minimum reserve requirements.
 Average securities purchased under resale agreements increased to $7.94 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $2.56 billion for the second quarter of 2011, and increased to $7.72 billion from $3.71 billion in the six-month comparison, largely due to an increase in client demand. Average trading account assets declined from $2.42 billion for the second quarter of 2011 to $648 million for the second quarter of 2012, and for the six-month period decreased from $2.28 billion to $683 million, the result of our withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative.
Our average investment securities portfolio increased to $112.67 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $104.57 billion for the second quarter of 2011, and for the six-month period increased to $111.21 billion compared to $100.16 billion in 2011. The increases were generally the result of ongoing purchases of securities, partly offset by maturities and sales. As of June 30, 2012, securities rated “AAA” and “AA” comprised approximately 89% of our portfolio, compared to 90% rated “AAA” and “AA” as of June 30, 2011.
Loans and leases averaged $11.30 billion for the second quarter of 2012, compared to $12.72 billion for the same period in 2011, and $11.03 billion for the first six months of 2012, down from $12.73 billion in the 2011 period. The decline in both comparisons was mainly related to lower client demand for short-duration liquidity, particularly with respect to non-U.S. clients, as well as decreases in leveraged leases and purchased receivables, mainly from maturities and pay-downs. For both the second quarter and first six months of 2012, approximately 29% of our average loan and lease portfolio was composed of short-duration advances that provided liquidity to clients in support of their investment activities related to securities settlement, flat with both the second quarter and first six months of 2011. The following table presents average U.S. and non-U.S. short-duration advances for the periods indicated:
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Average U.S. short-duration advances
$
1,830

 
$
1,989

 
$
1,816

 
$
1,912

Average non-U.S. short-duration advances
1,499

 
1,734

 
1,383

 
1,729

Total average short-duration advances
$
3,329

 
$
3,723

 
$
3,199

 
$
3,641

The decreases in average non-U.S. short-duration advances for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011 were mainly due to lower levels of advances to clients associated with the acquired Intesa securities services business.
Average other interest-earning assets increased to $6.68 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $5.35 billion for the same period in 2011, and to $6.81 billion from $4.59 billion in the six-month comparison. The increases were primarily the

17
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

result of higher levels of cash collateral provided in connection with our role as principal in certain securities borrowing activities.
Aggregate average interest-bearing deposits increased to $95.50 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $84.96 billion for the second quarter of 2011, and in the six-month comparison increased to $92.49 billion for the 2012 period from $84.42 billion for the 2011 period. The quarter-over-quarter increase primarily reflected higher levels of wholesale certificates of deposit issued in connection with our management of liquidity (refer to our discussion of liquidity management under "Liquidity" in "Financial Condition" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis), as well as higher levels of non-U.S. transaction accounts associated with new and existing business in assets under custody and administration. The increase in the year-to-date comparison primarily reflected the above-described higher levels of non-U.S. transaction accounts.
Average other short-term borrowings declined slightly to $4.74 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $4.98 billion in 2011 and decreased to $4.71 billion for the first six months of 2012 from $5.34 billion for the corresponding period in 2011, as higher levels of client deposits provided additional liquidity. Average long-term debt decreased from $9.54 billion in the second quarter of 2011 to $6.94 billion for the second quarter of 2012, and decreased from $9.23 billion to $7.54 in the six-month comparison. The decreases in average long-term debt reflected the maturities of $1.45 billion of senior notes in September 2011 and $1.50 billion of senior notes in April 2012, and the year-to-date comparison also reflected the maturity of $1 billion of senior notes in February 2011, all previously issued by us or State Street Bank under the FDIC's Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program. The year-to-date decrease was partly offset by the issuance of an aggregate of $2 billion of senior notes by us in March 2011.
 Average other interest-bearing liabilities increased to $4.85 billion for the second quarter of 2012 from $3.43 billion for the same period in 2011, and increased to $5.85 billion from $2.78 billion in the six-month comparison, primarily the result of higher levels of client cash collateral received in connection with our role as principal in certain securities lending activities.
Several factors could affect future levels of our net interest revenue and margin, including the mix of client liabilities; actions of the various central banks; changes in U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates; the various yield curves around the world; the amount of discount accretion generated by the former conduit securities that remain in our investment securities portfolio; and the relative impact of the yields earned on the securities purchased by us with the proceeds from the December 2010 portfolio repositioning and other maturities compared to the yields earned on the securities sold or matured.
Based on market conditions and other factors, we have continued to re-invest the proceeds from pay-downs and maturities of securities in highly rated investment securities, such as U.S. Treasuries and federal agency mortgage-backed securities and U.S. and non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The pace at which we continue to re-invest and the types of securities purchased will depend on the impact of market conditions and other factors over time. These factors and the level of interest rates worldwide are expected to dictate what effect our re-investment program will have on future levels of our net interest revenue and net interest margin. In addition, in a prolonged period of low interest rates and low spreads, certain products that we offer, including deposit services, cash funds and securities lending, may be less attractive to our clients, and any resulting declines in assets invested in such products could adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity management.
Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net
From time to time, in connection with our ongoing management of our investment securities portfolio, we sell available-for-sale securities, to manage risk, to take advantage of favorable market conditions, or for other reasons. During the second quarter of 2012, we recorded net realized losses of $14 million from sales of approximately $1.36 billion of such investment securities, and net realized gains of $5 million from sales of approximately $2.45 billion during the first six months of 2012, compared to net realized gains of $62 million and $66 million, respectively, in the 2011 periods.
The net realized losses for the second quarter of 2012 included a loss of $46 million from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities, which were previously classified as held to maturity. The sale was undertaken as a result of the effect of significant deterioration in the creditworthiness of the underlying collateral, including significant downgrades of the securities' external credit ratings.
The aggregate unrealized losses on securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was recorded in the second quarter and first six months of 2012 were $21 million and $46 million, respectively. Of this total, $8 million and $25 million, respectively, related to factors other than credit, and were recognized, net of taxes, as a component of other comprehensive income in our consolidated statement of condition. For the second quarter and first six months of 2012, we recorded the remaining $13 million and $21 million, respectively, of losses ($9 million and $13 million, respectively, associated with expected credit losses and $4 million and $8 million, respectively, associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows) in our consolidated statement of income.

18
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

In both the second quarter and first six months of 2012, $6 million of the above-described other-than-temporary impairment of $9 million and $13 million, respectively, associated with expected credit losses was related to non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The remaining $3 million and $7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, was related to U.S. non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities. The other-than-temporary impairment of $4 million and $8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows was substantially related to non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities.
The following table presents net realized gains from sales of securities and the components of net impairment losses, included in net gains and losses related to investment securities, for the periods indicated:
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Net realized gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities
$
(14
)
 
$
62

 
$
5

 
$
66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses from other-than-temporary impairment
(21
)
 
(44
)
 
(46
)
 
(79
)
Losses not related to credit
8

 
9

 
25

 
33

Net impairment losses
(13
)
 
(35
)
 
(21
)
 
(46
)
Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
$
(27
)
 
$
27

 
$
(16
)
 
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment associated with expected credit losses
$
(9
)
 
$
(24
)
 
$
(13
)
 
$
(29
)
Impairment associated with management’s intent to sell the impaired securities prior to their recovery in value
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(8
)
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
(8
)
 
(9
)
Net impairment losses
$
(13
)
 
$
(35
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
(46
)

We regularly review the investment securities portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairment of individual securities. Additional information about investment securities, the gross gains and losses that compose the net gains and losses from sales of securities and our process to identify other-than-temporary impairment is provided in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
EXPENSES
The following table presents the components of expenses for the periods indicated:
 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
 
2012
 
2011
 
% Change
Compensation and employee benefits
$
942

 
$
1,009

 
(7
)%
 
$
2,006

 
$
1,983

 
1
 %
Information systems and communications
208

 
199

 
5

 
399

 
390

 
2

Transaction processing services
172

 
193

 
(11
)
 
353

 
373

 
(5
)
Occupancy
115

 
113

 
2

 
234

 
220

 
6

Acquisition costs
15

 
13

 


 
28

 
27

 


Restructuring charges, net
22

 
4

 


 
30

 
9

 


Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Professional services
96

 
84

 
14

 
177

 
166

 
7

Amortization of other intangible assets
48

 
50

 
(4
)
 
99

 
99

 
—

Securities processing costs (recoveries)
25

 
(12
)
 


 
24

 
(17
)
 


Regulator fees and assessments
12

 
16

 
(25
)
 
25

 
22

 
14

Other
117

 
105

 
11

 
232

 
204

 
14

Total other
298

 
243

 
23

 
557

 
474

 
18

Total expenses
$
1,772

 
$
1,774

 
—

 
$
3,607

 
$
3,476

 
4

Number of employees at quarter-end
29,665

 
29,450

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

19
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Expenses from Operations
The decrease in compensation and employee benefits expenses for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011 resulted from a decline in incentive compensation and employee benefits, as well as the continued implementation of our business operations and information technology transformation program. These factors were partially offset by the effect of compensation adjustments primarily related to merit and promotional increases. The slight increase for the first six months of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 resulted from increases in staff related to new business in assets to be serviced and the effect of compensation adjustments, partly offset by a decline in incentive compensation. Independent of the restructuring charges presented separately in the table above, compensation and employee benefits expenses included non-recurring costs associated with the business operations and information technology transformation program of approximately $20 million and $37 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, compared to $15 million and $21 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2011.
The increase in aggregate other expenses (professional services, amortization of other intangible assets, securities processing costs (recoveries), regulator fees and assessments and other costs) for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011 resulted primarily from securities processing costs compared to securities processing recoveries in 2011, as well as an increase in professional services costs for acquisitions and litigation settlements.
Acquisition Costs
Acquisition costs for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 were substantially related to integration costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of the Intesa securities services business. Acquisition costs incurred in the 2011 periods were mainly related to integration costs associated with the Intesa securities services business, Mourant International Finance Administration and Bank of Ireland Asset Management acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
The net restructuring charges of $22 million and $30 million incurred in the second quarter and first six months of 2012, respectively, more fully described below, included $18 million and $33 million, respectively, related to the continuing implementation of our business operations and information technology transformation program. The remaining restructuring charges of $4 million and $(3) million, respectively, were related to actions initiated by us in 2011 associated with expense control measures, specifically our withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative. The restructuring charges of $4 million and $9 million incurred in the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively, related solely to the business operations and information technology transformation program.
Information with respect to both initiatives (the business operations and information technology transformation program and the expense control measures), including charges, staff reductions and aggregate activity in the related accruals, is provided in the two sections that follow.
Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation Program
In November 2010, we announced a global multi-year business operations and information technology transformation program. The program includes operational, information technology and targeted cost initiatives, including plans related to reductions in both staff and occupancy costs.
With respect to our business operations, we are standardizing certain core business processes, primarily through our execution of the State Street Lean methodology, and driving automation of these business processes. We are currently creating a new technology platform, including transferring certain core software applications to a private cloud, and have expanded our use of service providers associated with components of our technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support. We expect the transfer of core software applications to a private cloud to occur primarily in 2013 and 2014.
To implement this program, we expect to incur aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $400 million to $450 million over the four-year period ending December 31, 2014. To date, we have recorded aggregate restructuring charges of $322 million in our consolidated statement of income, composed of $156 million in 2010, $133 million in 2011 and $33 million in the first six months of 2012. The following table presents the charges by type of cost:
(In millions)
Employee-Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information
Technology  Costs
 
Total
2010
$
105

 
$
51

 
—

 
$
156

2011
85

 
7

 
$
41

 
133

First Six Months of 2012
14

 
6

 
13

 
33

Total
$
204

 
$
64

 
$
54

 
$
322


20
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
The employee-related costs included costs related to severance, benefits and outplacement services. Real estate consolidation costs resulted from actions taken to reduce our occupancy costs through consolidation of leases and properties. Information technology costs included transition fees related to the above-described expansion of our use of service providers.
In 2010, in connection with the program, we initiated the involuntary termination of 1,400 employees, or approximately 5% of our global workforce, which was substantially complete at the end of 2011. In addition, in 2011, in connection with the expansion of our use of service providers associated with our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support, we identified 530 employees to be provided with severance and outplacement services as their roles were eliminated. As of June 30, 2012, in connection with the planned aggregate staff reduction of 1,930 employees described above, 1,613 employees had been involuntarily terminated and left State Street, composed of 550 employees in 2010, 782 employees in 2011 and 281 employees in the first six months of 2012.
In connection with the implementation of our business operations and information technology transformation program, we achieved approximately $86 million of annual pre-tax run-rate expense savings in 2011, compared to our 2010 run-rate expense base, previously disclosed in our 2011 Form 10-K, of approximately $6.18 billion of expenses from operations, all else equal. In addition to the $86 million, we expect to achieve additional annual pre-tax run-rate expense savings in the range of an additional $90 million to $100 million in 2012 compared to our above-described 2010 run-rate expense base, all else equal.
Excluding the expected aggregate restructuring charges of $400 million to $450 million described earlier, we expect the program to reduce our pre-tax expenses from operations, on an annualized basis, by approximately $575 million to $625 million by the end of 2014 compared to 2010, all else equal, with the full effect realized in 2015. We expect the business operations transformation component of the program to result in approximately $440 million of these savings, with the majority of these savings expected to be achieved by the end of 2013. In addition, we expect the information technology transformation component of the program to result in approximately $160 million of these savings.
These annual pre-tax run-rate savings relate only to the business operations and information technology transformation program. Our actual operating expenses may increase or decrease as a result of other factors. The majority of the annual savings will affect compensation and employee benefits expenses; these savings will be modestly offset by increases in information systems and communications expenses as we implement the program.
Expense Control Measures
During the fourth quarter of 2011, in connection with expense control measures designed to calibrate our expenses to our outlook for our capital markets-facing businesses in 2012, we took two actions. First, we withdrew from our fixed-income trading initiative, under which we traded in fixed-income securities and derivatives as principal with our custody clients and other third-parties that trade in these securities and derivatives. Second, we undertook other targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $120 million in 2011, and a net credit adjustment of $(3) million in the six months ended June 30, 2012, in our consolidated statement of income. The following table presents the charges by type of cost:
(In millions)
Employee-Related
Costs
 
Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio
 
Asset and Other Write-Offs
 
Total
2011
$
62

 
$
38

 
$
20

 
$
120

First Quarter of 2012
3

 
(10
)
 
—

 
(7
)
Second Quarter of 2012
(2
)
 
1

 
5

 
4

Total
$
63

 
$
29

 
$
25

 
$
117

The employee-related costs included costs associated with severance, benefits and outplacement services related to both aspects of the expense control measures. In connection with these measures, we identified 442 employees to be provided with severance and outplacement services as their roles are eliminated. As of June 30, 2012, 301 employees had been involuntarily terminated and left State Street, composed of 15 employees in 2011 and 286 employees in the first six months of 2012.
The fixed-income trading portfolio-related costs resulted primarily from fair-value adjustments to the initiative's trading portfolio related to our decision to withdraw from the initiative. In connection with our withdrawal, during the first half of 2012, we wound down substantially all of that initiative's remaining trading portfolio. Costs for asset and other write-offs were related to other asset write-downs and contract terminations.
  


21
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Aggregate Restructuring-Related Accrual Activity
The following table presents aggregate activity associated with accruals that resulted from the charges associated with the business operations and information technology transformation program and expense control measures:
(In millions)
Employee-
Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information Technology
Costs
 
Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio
 
Asset and Other Write-Offs
 
Total
Initial restructuring-related accrual
$
105

 
$
51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
156

Payments
(15
)
 
(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(19
)
Balance at December 31, 2010
90

 
47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
137

Additional accruals for business operations and information technology transformation program
85

 
7

 
$
41

 
 
 
 
 
133

Accruals for expense control measures
62

 
—

 
—

 
$
38

 
$
20

 
120

Payments and adjustments
(75
)
 
(15
)
 
(8
)
 
—

 
(5
)
 
(103
)
Balance at December 31, 2011
162

 
39

 
33

 
38

 
15

 
287

Additional accruals for business operations and information technology transformation program
14

 
6

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
33

Accruals for expense control measures
1

 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
5

 
(3
)
Payments and adjustments
(69
)
 
(4
)
 
(23
)
 
(26
)
 
(6
)
 
(128
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
108

 
$
41

 
$
23

 
$
3

 
$
14

 
$
189


INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense was $162 million during the second quarter of 2012, compared to $202 million for the corresponding period in the prior year. For the first six months of 2012, income tax expense was $321 million, compared to $391 million for the corresponding 2011 period. Our effective tax rates for the second quarter and first six months of 2012 were 24.9% and 26.0%, respectively, compared to 28.2% and 28.4% for the second quarter and first six months of 2011, respectively. Both declines were primarily associated with an increase in tax-advantaged investments in renewable energy and changes in the geographic mix of earnings.
LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION
We have two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management. Given our services and management organization, the results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. Information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with these lines of business, is provided in note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
The following is a summary of our line of business results for the periods indicated. The “Other” columns for 2012 included the net realized loss from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities; acquisition-related integration costs; restructuring charges associated with our business operations and information technology transformation program and expense control measures; and litigation settlement costs. The "Other" columns for 2011 included acquisition-related integration costs and restructuring charges associated with our business operations and information technology transformation program. The amounts in the “Other” columns were not allocated to State Street's business lines. Results for the 2011 periods reflect the retroactive effect of management changes in methodology related to funds transfer pricing and expense allocation in 2012.
 

22
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Quarters Ended June 30,
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Other
 
Total
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

Management fees
—

 
—

 
$
246

 
$
250

 
 
 
 
 
246

 
250

Trading services
255

 
311

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
255

 
311

Securities finance
127

 
116

 
16

 
21

 
 
 
 
 
143

 
137

Processing fees and other
37

 
53

 
11

 
17

 
 
 
 
 
48

 
70

Total fee revenue
1,505

 
1,604

 
273

 
288

 
 
 
 
 
1,778

 
1,892

Net interest revenue
650

 
546

 
22

 
26

 
 
 
 
 
672

 
572

Gains (Losses) related to investment
securities, net
19

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
(27
)
 
27

Total revenue
2,174

 
2,177

 
295

 
314

 
(46
)
 
 
 
2,423

 
2,491

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
(1
)
 
2

Expenses from operations
1,511

 
1,529

 
217

 
228

 
—

 
 
 
1,728

 
1,757

Acquisition and restructuring costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
37

 
$
17

 
37

 
17

Litigation settlement costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
7

 
—

Total expenses
1,511

 
1,529

 
217

 
228

 
44

 
17

 
1,772

 
1,774

Income before income tax expense
$
664

 
$
646

 
$
78

 
$
86

 
$
(90
)
 
$
(17
)
 
$
652

 
$
715

Pre-tax margin
31
%
 
30
%
 
26
%
 
27
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average assets (in billions)
$
184.9

 
$
159.1

 
$
4.2

 
$
5.2

 
 
 
 
 
$
189.1

 
$
164.3


 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Other
 
Total
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

Management fees
—

 
—

 
$
482

 
$
486

 
 
 
 
 
482

 
486

Trading services
535

 
613

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
535

 
613

Securities finance
215

 
175

 
25

 
28

 
 
 
 
 
240

 
203

Processing fees and other
97

 
122

 
45

 
40

 
 
 
 
 
142

 
162

Total fee revenue
3,011

 
3,129

 
552

 
554

 
 
 
 
 
3,563

 
3,683

Net interest revenue
1,254

 
1,094

 
43

 
55

 
 
 
 
 
1,297

 
1,149

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
30

 
20

 
—

 
—

 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
(16
)
 
20

Total revenue
4,295

 
4,243

 
595

 
609

 
(46
)
 
 
 
4,844

 
4,852

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
(1
)
 
1

Expenses from operations
3,074

 
2,977

 
453

 
463

 
—

 
 
 
3,527

 
3,440

Acquisition and restructuring costs, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
58

 
$
36

 
58

 
36

Litigation settlement costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22

 
—

 
22

 
—

Total expenses
3,074

 
2,977

 
453

 
463

 
80

 
36

 
3,607

 
3,476

Income before income tax expense
$
1,222

 
$
1,265

 
$
142

 
$
146

 
$
(126
)
 
$
(36
)
 
$
1,238

 
$
1,375

Pre-tax margin
28
%
 
30
%
 
24
%
 
24
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average assets (in billions)
$
184.5

 
$
156.5

 
$
4.1

 
$
4.9

 
 
 
 
 
$
188.6

 
$
161.4


23
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Investment Servicing
Total revenue for the second quarter of 2012 was essentially flat from the second quarter of 2011 and increased 1% in the six-month comparison. Total fee revenue in the same comparison decreased 6% and 4%, respectively. The decline in total fee revenue generally resulted from declines in trading services revenue, servicing fees and processing fees and other revenue, partially offset by an increase in securities finance revenue.
Servicing fees declined 3% in the second quarter and 2% in first six months of 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011. The decreases were primarily due to weakness in international markets and the impact of the weaker Euro, as well as changes in asset mix, partly offset by the impact of new business installed on current-period revenue and a slight improvement in the S&P 500 index. Trading services revenue decreased 18% during the second quarter of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011, and 13% in the six-month comparison, primarily due to a decline in foreign exchange trading revenue associated with lower currency volatility, which was partly offset by an increase in client volumes. Securities finance revenue for both the second quarter and six-month comparisons increased as a result of higher spreads.
Servicing fees, trading services revenue and gains (losses) related to investment securities, net, for our Investment Servicing business line are identical to the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Servicing Fees,” “Trading Services” and “Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net” under “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for a more in-depth discussion. A discussion of securities finance is provided in “Securities Finance” under “Total Revenue.”
Net interest revenue for both the second quarter and first six months of 2012 increased 19% and 15%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011, primarily the result of the impact on interest-earning assets of higher levels of client deposits, as well as higher yields on U.S. floating-rate securities and lower funding costs, partially offset by the impact of lower rates on interest-earning assets.
Total expenses from operations decreased 1% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 primarily due to lower compensation and employee benefits expenses and increased 3% for the first six months of 2012 compared to the corresponding period in 2011, primarily due an increase in staff associated with new business in assets to be serviced and the effect of merit increases, partly offset by a decrease in incentive compensation.
Investment Management
Total revenue for the second quarter of 2012 decreased 6% compared to the second quarter of 2011, and decreased 2% for the first six months of 2012 compared to the first six months of 2011, mainly the result of declines in securities finance revenue, management fees and processing fees and other revenue.
Management fees decreased 2% in the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011, and 1% in the six-month comparison. Both decreases were primarily the result of weaker international equity markets, nearly offset by the impact of net new business installed on current-period revenue. Average month-end equity valuations for the S & P 500 Index were up 1% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011, and were up 2% in the six-month comparison. Average month-end equity valuations for the MSCI® EAFE Indexes were down approximately 18% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to the second quarter of 2011, and were down 15% in the six-month comparison.
Management fees for the Investment Management business line are identical to the respective consolidated results. Refer to “Management Fees” under “Total Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for a more-in depth discussion. A discussion of securities finance revenue, processing fees and other revenue and net interest revenue is provided in “Securities Finance,” “Processing Fees and Other” and "Net Interest Revenue," respectively, under "Total Revenue."
Through SSgA, we acted as collateral manager for several collateralized debt obligation, or CDO, transactions structured and offered through other financial institutions. A CDO is a structured investment vehicle which purchases a portfolio of assets funded through the issuance of several classes of debt and equity, the repayment of and return on which are linked to the performance of the underlying assets. In February 2012, we entered into a settlement with the Massachusetts Secretary of State
to resolve their investigation into disclosures made with respect to one CDO (Carina CDO, Ltd.).

FINANCIAL CONDITION
The structure of our consolidated statement of condition is primarily driven by the liabilities generated by our Investment Servicing and Investment Management businesses. Our clients' needs and our operating objectives determine balance sheet volume, mix and currency denomination. As our clients execute their worldwide cash management and investment activities, they use short-term investments and deposits that constitute the majority of our liabilities. These liabilities are generally in the form of non-interest-bearing demand deposits; interest-bearing transaction account deposits, which are denominated in a variety of currencies; and repurchase agreements, which generally serve as short-term investment alternatives for our clients.

24
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Deposits and other liabilities generated by client activities are invested in assets that generally match the liquidity and interest-rate characteristics of the liabilities, although the weighted-average maturities of our assets are significantly longer than the contractual maturities of our liabilities. Our assets consist primarily of securities held in our available-for-sale or held-to-maturity portfolios and short-duration financial instruments, such as interest-bearing deposits and securities purchased under resale agreements. The actual mix of assets is determined by the characteristics of the client liabilities and our desire to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality assets.
In connection with the growth in our non-U.S. business, our cross-border outstandings have increased as we have invested in higher levels of non-U.S. assets. For additional information with respect to our non-U.S. exposures, refer to “Investment Securities” and “Cross-Border Outstandings” that follow.
The following table presents the components of our average total interest-earning and noninterest-earning assets, average total interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities, and average preferred and common shareholders' equity for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Additional information about our average statement of condition, primarily our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, is included under “Consolidated Results of Operations - Total Revenue - Net Interest Revenue” in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

(In millions)
2012
Average
Balance
 
2011
Average
Balance
Assets:
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
$
25,383

 
$
12,181

Securities purchased under resale agreements
7,715

 
3,710

Trading account assets
683

 
2,279

Investment securities
111,205

 
100,161

Loans and leases
11,033

 
12,729

Other interest-earning assets
6,807

 
4,586

Total interest-earning assets
162,826

 
135,646

Cash and due from banks
2,738

 
2,664

Other noninterest-earning assets
23,073

 
23,137

Total assets
$
188,637

 
$
161,447

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
U.S.
$
4,952

 
$
3,368

Non-U.S.
87,538

 
81,053

Total interest-bearing deposits
92,490

 
84,421

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
7,864

 
9,117

Federal funds purchased
892

 
1,139

Other short-term borrowings
4,705

 
5,335

Long-term debt
7,540

 
9,228

Other interest-bearing liabilities
5,853

 
2,784

Total interest-bearing liabilities
119,344

 
112,024

Non-interest-bearing deposits
36,536

 
17,220

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities
12,897

 
13,233

Preferred shareholders’ equity
500

 
298

Common shareholders’ equity
19,360

 
18,672

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
188,637

 
$
161,447



25
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)


Investment Securities
The following table presents the carrying values of investment securities by type as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Available for sale:
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
Direct obligations
$
1,289

 
$
2,836

Mortgage-backed securities
34,149

 
30,021

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
Student loans(1) 
16,735

 
16,545

Credit cards
9,796

 
10,487

Sub-prime
1,330

 
1,404

Other
3,857

 
3,465

Total asset-backed securities
31,718

 
31,901

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
10,815

 
10,875

Asset-backed securities
5,642

 
4,303

Government securities
1,821

 
1,671

Other
3,673

 
2,825

Total non-U.S. debt securities
21,951

 
19,674

State and political subdivisions
7,308

 
7,047

Collateralized mortgage obligations
4,730

 
3,980

Other U.S. debt securities
4,449

 
3,615

U.S. equity securities
676

 
640

Non-U.S. equity securities
108

 
118

Total
$
106,378

 
$
99,832

Held to Maturity:
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
206

 
$
265

Asset-backed securities
17

 
31

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
4,087

 
4,973

Asset-backed securities
432

 
436

Government securities
3

 
3

Other
166

 
172

Total non-U.S. debt securities
4,688

 
5,584

State and political subdivisions
86

 
107

Collateralized mortgage obligations
2,810

 
3,334

Total
$
7,807

 
$
9,321

 
 
 
 
(1)
Substantially composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.
 Additional information about our investment securities portfolio is provided in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
We manage our investment securities portfolio to align with the interest-rate and duration characteristics of our client liabilities and in the context of the overall structure of our consolidated statement of condition, and in consideration of the global interest-rate environment. We consider a well-diversified, high-credit quality investment securities portfolio to be an

26
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

important element in the management of our consolidated statement of condition.
The portfolio is concentrated in securities with high credit quality, with approximately 89% of the carrying value of the portfolio rated “AAA” or “AA” as of June 30, 2012. The following table presents the percentages of the carrying value of the portfolio, by external credit rating, as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
AAA(1)
69
%
 
75
%
AA
20

 
14

A
7

 
7

BBB
2

 
2

Below BBB
2

 
2

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 
(1)  
Includes U.S. Treasury securities that are split-rated, “AAA” by Moody’s Investors Service and “AA+” by Standard & Poor’s.
As of June 30, 2012, the investment portfolio of approximately 11,250 securities was diversified with respect to asset class. Approximately 83% of the aggregate carrying value of the portfolio as of that date was composed of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. The predominantly floating-rate asset-backed portfolio consisted primarily of student loan-backed and credit card-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities were composed of securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as well as U.S. and non-U.S. large-issuer collateralized mortgage obligations.
Non-U.S. Debt Securities
Approximately 23% of the aggregate carrying value of the portfolio as of June 30, 2012 was composed of non-U.S. debt securities. The following table presents our non-U.S. debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, included in the preceding table of investment securities carrying values, by significant country of issuer or location of collateral, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Available for sale:
 
 
 
United Kingdom
$
9,699

 
$
8,851

Australia
3,498

 
3,154

Netherlands
2,995

 
3,109

Canada
1,985

 
1,905

Germany
1,840

 
1,510

France
890

 
329

Belgium
170

 
109

Japan
150

 
—

Finland
139

 
—

Italy
127

 
231

Spain
89

 
228

Other
369

 
248

Total
$
21,951

 
$
19,674

Held to maturity:
 
 
 
Australia
$
2,379

 
$
2,572

United Kingdom
1,703

 
2,259

Italy
276

 
297

Spain
200

 
220

Other
130

 
236

Total
$
4,688

 
$
5,584


27
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Approximately 87% and 88% of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was rated “AAA” or “AA” as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The majority of these securities comprise senior positions within the security structures; these positions are protected through subordination and other forms of credit protection. As of June 30, 2012, the securities had an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of approximately $27 million and an average market-to-book ratio of 100.1%. The majority are floating-rate securities, and accordingly the aggregate holdings are considered to have minimal interest-rate risk.
The underlying collateral primarily includes U.K. prime mortgages, Australian and Netherlands mortgages, Canadian government securities and German automobile loans. The “other” category of available-for-sale securities included approximately $51 million and $49 million of securities as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, related to Portugal and Ireland, all of which were mortgage-backed securities. The “other” category of held-to-maturity securities included approximately $128 million and $233 million of securities as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, related to Portugal and Ireland, all of which were mortgage-backed securities. During the second quarter of 2012, we sold all of our Greek securities, which had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $91 million, and recorded a pre-tax loss of $46 million in our consolidated statement of income. Additional information about this sale is provided under "Gains (Losses) Related to Investment Securities, Net" in "Consolidated Results of Operations" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Our aggregate exposure to the other four peripheral European countries of Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal as of June 30, 2012 included no direct sovereign debt exposure to these countries. Our indirect exposure to these countries totaled approximately $872 million, including approximately $697 million of mortgage- and asset-backed securities with an aggregate pre-tax gross unrealized loss of approximately $71 million as of June 30, 2012. We recorded $6 million of other-than-temporary impairment associated with expected credit losses on these mortgage- and asset-backed securities in the second quarter of 2012. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment associated with expected credit losses on these mortgage- and asset-backed securities in the first quarter of 2012 or in the second quarter and first six months of 2011.
The global economic downturn, coupled with the failure of the Eurozone countries to abide by the terms of the Eurozone stability pact, led to significant sovereign borrowing at advantageous rates, particularly by the above-mentioned peripheral countries, while some of those countries failed to address their underlying uncompetitive economies. These events led to the sovereign debt crisis when these fundamental issues caused severe stresses within the Eurozone. This sovereign crisis in Europe has deteriorated with little sign of improvement in the peripheral countries' economies. In response, the major independent credit rating agencies have downgraded, and may in the future do so again, U.S. and non-U.S. financial institutions and sovereign issuers which have been, and may in the future be, significant counterparties to us, or whose financial instruments serve as collateral on which we rely for credit risk mitigation purposes. As a result, we may be exposed to increased counterparty risk resulting from our role as principal, or because of commitments we make in our capacity as a financial intermediary.
Peripheral country risks are identified, assessed and monitored by our Country and Counterparty Exposure Committee. Country limits are defined in our credit and counterparty risk guidelines, in accordance with our credit and counterparty risk policy. These limits are monitored on a daily basis by Enterprise Risk Management. All peripheral country exposures are subject to ongoing surveillance and stress test analysis, conducted by the investment portfolio management team. The stress tests performed reflect the structure and nature of the exposure, its past and likely future performance based on macroeconomic and environmental analysis, with key underlying assumptions varied under a range of scenarios, reflecting likely downward pressure on collateral performance from the sovereign crisis and related austerity measures. The results of the stress tests are presented to senior management and Enterprise Risk Management as part of the surveillance process.
In addition, Enterprise Risk Management conducts independent stress test analyses and evaluates the structured asset exposures in European peripheral countries for the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment. The assumptions used in these evaluations reflect expected downward pressure on collateral performance from the sovereign crisis, the related austerity measures and their economic impact. Stress scenarios are subject to regular review, and are updated to reflect changes in the economic environment, measures taken in response to the sovereign crisis and collateral performance, with particular attention to our peripheral country exposures.
 Municipal Securities
We carried an aggregate of approximately $7.39 billion of municipal securities, classified as state and political subdivisions in the preceding table of investment securities carrying values, in our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2012. Substantially all of these securities are classified as available for sale, with the remainder classified as held to maturity. As of the same date, we also provided approximately $8.44 billion of credit and liquidity facilities to municipal issuers as a form of credit enhancement. The following tables present our combined credit exposure to state and municipal obligors which represented 5% or more of our aggregate municipal credit exposure of approximately $15.83 billion and $15.43 billion across

28
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

our businesses as of the dates indicated, grouped by state to display geographic dispersion:

June 30, 2012                                                                           (Dollars in millions)
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 
Total
 
% of Total Municipal
Exposure
State of Issuer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Texas
$
1,026

 
$
1,994

 
$
3,020

 
19
%
California
189

 
1,303

 
1,492

 
9

New York
477

 
821

 
1,298

 
8

Massachusetts
869

 
402

 
1,271

 
8

Florida
158

 
685

 
843

 
5

Wisconsin
434

 
395

 
829

 
5

New Jersey
794

 
—

 
794

 
5

Total
$
3,947

 
$
5,600

 
$
9,547

 
 

December 31, 2011 (Dollars in millions)
Total Municipal
Securities
 
Credit and
Liquidity Facilities
 
Total 
 
% of Total Municipal Exposure  
State of Issuer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Texas
$
1,002

 
$
1,669

 
$
2,671

 
17
%
California
192

 
1,496

 
1,688

 
11
%
Massachusetts
841

 
478

 
1,319

 
9
%
New York
309

 
596

 
905

 
6
%
Wisconsin
491

 
407

 
898

 
6
%
Florida
165

 
686

 
851

 
6
%
Total
$
3,000

 
$
5,332

 
$
8,332

 
 

Our aggregate municipal securities exposure presented above is concentrated primarily with highly-rated counterparties, with approximately 85% of the obligors rated “AAA” or “AA” as of June 30, 2012. As of that date, approximately 70% and 29% of our aggregate exposure was associated with general obligation and revenue bonds, respectively. In addition, we had no exposures associated with healthcare, industrial development or land development bonds. The portfolios are also diversified geographically; the states that represent our largest exposure are widely dispersed across the U.S.
Additional information with respect to our analysis of other-than-temporary impairment of municipal securities is provided in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Impairment
The following table presents net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Fair value
$
106,378

 
$
99,832

Amortized cost
106,223

 
100,013

Net unrealized gain (loss), pre-tax
$
155

 
$
(181
)
Net unrealized gain (loss), after-tax
$
94

 
$
(113
)
The net unrealized amounts presented above excluded the remaining net unrealized losses related to reclassifications of securities available for sale to securities held to maturity. These unrealized losses related to reclassifications totaled $221 million, or $137 million after-tax, and $303 million, or $189 million after-tax, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, or OCI, within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q. The decline in these remaining after-tax unrealized losses related to reclassifications from December 31, 2011 to June 30, 2012

29
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

resulted primarily from amortization.
We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairment exists. Our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment involves an evaluation, more fully described in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, of economic and security-specific factors. Such factors are based on estimates, derived by management, which contemplate current market conditions and security-specific performance. To the extent that market conditions are worse than management's expectations, other-than-temporary impairment could increase, in particular, the credit component that would be recorded in our consolidated statement of income.
Given the exposure of our investment securities portfolio, particularly mortgage- and asset-backed securities, to residential mortgage and other consumer credit risks, the performance of the U.S. housing market continues to be a significant driver of the portfolio's credit performance. As such, our assessment of other-than-temporary impairment relies to a significant extent on our estimates of trends in national housing prices. Generally, indices that measure trends in national housing prices are published in arrears. As of March 31, 2012, national housing prices, according to the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index, had declined by approximately 35.1% peak-to-current. Overall, management's expectation, for purposes of its evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment as of June 30, 2012, was that housing prices would decline by approximately 35.1% peak-to-trough. This level is generally consistent with the March 31, 2012 peak-to-current Home Price Index, which may imply that we do not prospectively expect U.S. housing prices at the national level to fall materially further. While we believe that, in general, U.S. national housing prices during 2012 are at levels at or near a bottom, housing price growth is subject to market and other factors and influences and may be negative, flat or positive at varying levels of magnitude over future fiscal periods. In connection with our assessment of other-than-temporary-impairment with respect to relevant securities in our investment portfolio in future fiscal periods, we will consider U.S. national housing price trends that we observe at those times, including then-available Home Price Index information.
Our investment portfolio continues to be sensitive to management's estimates of future cumulative losses. Ultimately, other-than-temporary impairment is based on specific CUSIP-level detailed analysis of the unique characteristics of each security. In addition, we perform sensitivity analysis across each significant product type within the non-agency U.S. residential mortgage-backed portfolio. We estimate, for example, that if national housing prices were to decline by 37% to 39% peak-to-trough, compared to management's expectation of 35.1% described above, other-than-temporary impairment of our U.S. investment portfolio could increase by a range of approximately $5 million to $35 million. This sensitivity estimate is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the level of housing prices and the timing of defaults. To the extent that such factors differ significantly from management's current expectations, resulting loss estimates may differ materially from those stated.
The residential mortgage servicing environment remains challenging, and the timeline to liquidate distressed loans continues to extend. The rate at which distressed residential mortgages are liquidated may affect, among other things, our investment securities portfolio. Such effects could include the timing of cash flows or the credit quality associated with the mortgages collateralizing certain of our residential mortgage-backed securities, which, accordingly, could result in the recognition of additional other-than-temporary impairment in future periods.
Our evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairment of mortgage-backed securities with collateral located in Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain assumes a negative baseline macroeconomic environment for this region, due to the continued sovereign debt crisis and the combination of slower economic growth and government austerity measures. Our baseline view assumes a recessionary period characterized by higher unemployment and by additional housing price declines between 9% and 22% across these four countries. Our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment in our base case does not assume a disorderly sovereign debt restructuring or a break-up of the Eurozone.
In addition, we perform stress testing and sensitivity analysis in order to assess the impact of more severe assumptions on potential other-than-temporary impairment. We estimate, for example, that in more stressful scenarios in which unemployment, gross domestic product and housing prices in these four countries deteriorate more than we expected as of June 30, 2012, other-than-temporary impairment could increase by a range of approximately $15 million to $30 million. This sensitivity estimate is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the level of housing prices and the timing of defaults. To the extent that such factors differ significantly from management's current expectations, resulting loss estimates may differ materially from those stated.
Excluding other-than-temporary impairment recorded in the first six months of 2012, management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the remaining securities and the resulting net unrealized losses as of June 30, 2012 to be temporary and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities. Additional information about these unrealized losses and our assessment of impairment is provided in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

30
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

Loans and Leases
The following table presents our U.S. and non-U.S. loans and leases, by segment, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Institutional:
 
 
 
U.S.
$
9,161

 
$
7,115

Non-U.S.
2,780

 
2,478

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
U.S.
419

 
460

Total loans and leases
$
12,360

 
$
10,053

Allowance for loan losses
(22
)
 
(22
)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses
$
12,338

 
$
10,031

Additional detail about these loan and lease segments, including underlying classes, is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q, and in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included in the institutional segment were $4.33 billion and $2.17 billion as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, unearned income deducted from our investment in leveraged lease financing was $137 million and $146 million, respectively, for U.S. leases and $348 million and $381 million, respectively, for non-U.S. leases.
The commercial real estate, or CRE, loans were acquired in 2008 pursuant to indemnified repurchase agreements with an affiliate of Lehman as a result of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. These loans, which are primarily collateralized by direct and indirect interests in commercial real estate, were recorded at their then-current fair value, based on management's expectations with respect to future cash flows from the loans using appropriate market discount rates as of the date of acquisition.
As of both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we held an aggregate of approximately $199 million of CRE loans which were modified in troubled debt restructurings. No impairment loss was recognized upon restructuring of the loans, as the discounted cash flows of the modified loans exceeded the carrying amount of the original loans as of the modification date. No loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings in the first six months of 2012 or in 2011.
The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
22

 
$
100

Charge-offs
—

 
(47
)
Provisions
(1
)
 
1

Recoveries
1

 
—

Ending balance
$
22

 
$
54

Additional information about the allowance, including underlying segments and classes, is provided in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Loans and leases are reviewed on a regular basis, and any provisions for loan losses that are recorded reflect management’s estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate to absorb estimated probable credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. With respect to CRE loans, management considers its expectations with respect to future cash flows from those loans and the value of available collateral. These expectations are based, among other things, on an assessment of economic conditions, including conditions in the commercial real estate market and other factors.

31
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)


Cross-Border Outstandings
Our cross-border outstandings consist primarily of deposits with banks; investment securities; loans and lease financing, including short-duration advances; and exposures related to foreign exchange and interest-rate contracts and securities finance. Additional information with respect to the nature of our cross-border outstandings is provided under “Financial Condition–Cross-Border Outstandings” in Management's Discussion and Analysis included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
 The following table presents our cross-border outstandings in countries in which we do business, and which amounted to at least 1% of our consolidated total assets as of the dates indicated. The aggregate of the total cross-border outstandings presented in the table represented approximately 26% and 16% of our consolidated total assets as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

(In millions)
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 
Derivatives and Securities Lending
 
Total Cross-border
Outstandings
June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom
$
12,798

 
$
1,501

 
$
14,299

Japan
10,381

 
171

 
10,552

Germany
7,762

 
383

 
8,145

Australia
7,087

 
366

 
7,453

Switzerland
3,858

 
344

 
4,202

Netherlands
3,103

 
228

 
3,331

Canada
2,829

 
584

 
3,413

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 

 
 

 
 

United Kingdom
$
13,336

 
$
1,510

 
$
14,846

Australia
6,786

 
263

 
7,049

Germany
6,321

 
578

 
6,899

Netherlands
3,626

 
197

 
3,823

Canada
2,235

 
496

 
2,731

As of June 30, 2012 , there were no aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our consolidated total assets as of that date. As of December 31, 2011, aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to between 0.75% and 1% of our consolidated total assets as of that date totaled approximately $1.70 billion to Luxembourg.
Several European countries, particularly Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Spain, have experienced credit deterioration associated with weaknesses in their economic and fiscal situations. With respect to this ongoing uncertainty, we are closely monitoring our exposure to these countries. We had no sovereign debt securities related to these countries in our investment portfolio. We had aggregate indirect exposure in the portfolio of approximately $872 million, including $697 million of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, composed of $266 million in Spain, $252 million in Italy, $107 million in Ireland and $72 million in Portugal, as of June 30, 2012. We had no such exposure to Greece as of June 30, 2012.

32
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

The following table presents our cross-border outstandings in each of these countries as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
Investment
Securities and
Other Assets 
 
Derivatives and Securities Lending
 
Total Cross-border
Outstandings
June 30, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
Italy
$
735

 
$
6

 
$
741

Ireland
376

 
228

 
604

Spain
290

 
24

 
314

Portugal
131

 
—

 
131

 
 
 
 
 


December 31, 2011
 

 
 

 
 

Italy
$
1,049

 
$
11

 
$
1,060

Spain
434

 
53

 
487

Ireland
299

 
267

 
566

Portugal
176

 
—

 
176

Greece
99

 
—

 
99

As of June 30, 2012, none of the exposures in these countries was individually greater than 0.75% of our consolidated total assets. The exposures consisted primarily of interest-bearing deposits, investment securities, loans, including short-duration advances, and foreign exchange contracts. We recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million associated with expected credit losses on the investment securities in the second quarter of 2012. We had not recorded any provisions for loan losses with respect to any of our exposures in these countries as of June 30, 2012.
Capital
The management of both regulatory and economic capital involves key metrics evaluated by management to assess whether our actual level of capital is commensurate with our risk profile, is in compliance with all regulatory requirements, and is sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives.
Regulatory Capital
Our objective with respect to regulatory capital management is to maintain a strong capital base in order to provide financial flexibility for our business needs, including funding corporate growth and supporting clients’ cash management needs, and to provide protection against loss to depositors and creditors. We strive to maintain an appropriate level of capital, commensurate with our risk profile, on which an attractive return to shareholders is expected to be realized over both the short and long term, while protecting our obligations to depositors and creditors and satisfying regulatory capital adequacy requirements. Additional information about our capital management process is provided under “Financial Condition—Capital” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
The following table presents regulatory capital ratios and the related components of capital and total risk-weighted assets for State Street and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated. As of June 30, 2012, State Street and State Street Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject, and regulatory capital ratios for State Street and State Street Bank exceeded the regulatory minimum and “well capitalized” thresholds.

33
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

 
Regulatory
     Guidelines (1)
 
State Street
 
State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)
Minimum
 
Well
Capitalized
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
4
%
 
6
%
 
19.9
%
 
18.8
%
 
18.1
%
 
17.6
%
Total risk-based capital ratio
8

 
10

 
21.5

 
20.5

 
20.0

 
19.6

Tier 1 leverage ratio
4

 
5

 
7.7

 
7.3

 
6.9

 
6.7

Tier 1 risk-based capital
 
 
 
 
$
13,976

 
$
13,644

 
$
12,274

 
$
12,224

Total risk-based capital
 
 
 
 
15,088

 
14,842

 
13,576

 
13,607

Adjusted risk-weighted assets and market-risk equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet risk-weighted assets
 
 
 
 
$
56,129

 
$
52,642

 
$
54,009

 
$
49,659

Off-balance sheet equivalent risk-weighted assets
 
 
 
 
13,452

 
19,115

 
13,437

 
19,109

Market risk equivalent assets
 
 
 
 
524

 
661

 
450

 
611

Total
 
 
 
 
$
70,105

 
$
72,418

 
$
67,896

 
$
69,379

Adjusted quarterly average assets
 
 
 
 
$
181,516

 
$
186,336

 
$
178,405

 
$
183,086

 
 
 
 
(1) 
State Street Bank must comply with regulatory guidelines for “well capitalized” in order for the parent company to maintain its status as a financial holding company, including maintaining a minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%, a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10%, and a tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%. In addition, State Street must comply with Federal Reserve guidelines for “well capitalized” for a bank holding company to be eligible for a streamlined review process for acquisition proposals. These guidelines require us to maintain a minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% and a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10%.
At June 30, 2012, State Street's and State Street Bank's regulatory capital ratios increased compared to December 31, 2011. The increases resulted from the effect on tier 1 capital of net income for the first six months of 2012, partly offset by first- and second-quarter common stock dividends declared and purchases of our common stock by us during the second quarter, as well as a decline in total risk-weighted assets. The decline in total risk-weighted assets resulted primarily from lower off-balance sheet equivalent risk-weighted assets, and was mainly associated with lower levels of unrealized gains on foreign exchange derivative contracts, the result of lower volumes, and a decline in exposure associated with our securities finance agency lending business. The increase in the tier 1 leverage ratios resulted from the above-described increase in tier 1 capital and a decline in adjusted quarterly average assets, as the size of our consolidated statement of condition decreased from year-end 2011.
During the second quarter, we declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.24 per share, or approximately $115 million, which was paid in July 2012. This dividend, together with a dividend of $0.24 per share, or approximately $118 million, declared in the first quarter of this year and paid in April, totals $0.48 per share, or approximately $233 million, for the first half of 2012, compared to aggregate dividends of $0.36 per share, or approximately $181 million, for the first six months of 2011. We also purchased approximately 11.1 million shares of our common stock under the program approved by the Board of Directors in March 2012, under which we are authorized to purchase up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2013. The shares were purchased at an average and aggregate cost of $43.26 and $480 million, respectively. This new program follows our 2011 common stock purchase program, under which we purchased 16.31 million shares of our common stock at an average and aggregate cost of $41.38 and $675 million, respectively, from May 2011 through November 2011.
The current minimum regulatory capital requirements enforced by the U.S. banking regulators are based on a 1988 international accord, commonly referred to as Basel I, which was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or Basel Committee. In 2004, the Basel Committee released the final version of its new capital adequacy framework, referred to as Basel II. Basel II governs the capital adequacy of large, internationally active banking organizations, such as State Street, that generally rely on sophisticated risk management and measurement systems, and requires these organizations to enhance their measurement and management of the risks underlying their business activities and to better align their regulatory capital requirements with those underlying risks.
Basel II adopts a three-pillar framework for addressing capital adequacy and minimum capital requirements, which incorporates Pillar 1, the measurement of credit risk, market risk and operational risk; Pillar 2, supervisory review, which addresses the need for a banking organization to assess its regulatory capital adequacy relative to the risks underlying its

34
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

business activities, rather than only with respect to its minimum regulatory capital requirement; and Pillar 3, market discipline, which imposes public disclosure requirements on a banking organization intended to allow the assessment of key information about the organization's risk profile and its associated level of regulatory capital.
In December 2007, U.S. banking regulators jointly issued final rules to implement the Basel II framework in the U.S. The framework does not supersede or change the existing prompt corrective action and leverage capital requirements applicable to banking organizations in the U.S., and explicitly reserves the regulators' authority to require organizations to hold additional capital where appropriate.
Prior to full implementation of the Basel II framework, State Street is required to complete a defined qualification period, during which it must demonstrate that it complies with the related regulatory requirements to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve. State Street is currently in the qualification period for Basel II.
In 2010, in response to the financial crisis and ongoing global financial market dynamics, the Basel Committee proposed new guidelines, referred to as Basel III. Basel III would establish more stringent regulatory capital and liquidity requirements, including higher minimum regulatory capital ratios, new capital buffers, higher risk-weighted asset calibrations, more restrictive definitions of qualifying capital, a liquidity coverage ratio and a net stable funding ratio. Basel III, once it is adopted by U.S. banking regulators, as well as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or Dodd-Frank Act, and the resulting regulations are expected to result in an increase in the minimum regulatory capital that we will be required to maintain and changes in the manner in which our regulatory capital ratios are calculated.
In June 2012, U.S. banking regulators issued three concurrent Notices of Proposed Rulemaking, or NPRs. These NPRs propose to revise the current U.S. regulatory capital framework and implement the U.S. banking regulators' view of Basel III, as well as relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, and restructure the U.S. capital rules into a harmonized, codified regulatory capital framework. The NPRs are currently in a comment period, with comments due in September 2012. Among other things, the NPRs propose to raise the minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio from 4% to 6%, add requirements for minimum common equity tier 1 and supplemental tier 1 leverage ratios, and implement a capital conservation buffer and a countercyclical capital buffer linked to a banking organization's common equity tier 1 capital levels. We continue to evaluate these and other provisions in the NPRs.
While our review and evaluation of the positive and negative implications of the Basel III guidelines, the U.S. banking regulators' NPRs and other international regulatory initiatives is ongoing, the NPRs could have a material impact on our businesses and our profitability, as well as our regulatory capital ratios. One significant provision in the NPRs would require us to apply the "Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach," referred to as the SSFA, in the risk-weighting of the asset securitization exposures, such as asset-backed securities, carried in our investment securities portfolio. The approach required by Basel II utilizes the ratings-based approach, under which external credit ratings are used to risk-weight such exposures. The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits the use of external credit ratings in the quantification of asset securitization exposures. Currently, our investment portfolio contains significant holdings of mortgage- and asset-backed securities that are highly rated by credit agencies, but for which the SSFA, pursuant to the proposals in the NPRs, would apply higher regulatory risk weights compared to previous Basel III proposals. In contrast, certain of our securities with lower credit agency ratings would receive lower regulatory risk weights if the SSFA were applied.
Based on the composition of our investment portfolio with respect to the types of securities and related external credit ratings as of June 30, 2012, if the proposals in the NPRs were implemented as currently structured, our application of the SSFA would materially increase our total regulatory risk-weighted assets, and correspondingly decrease our regulatory risk-based capital ratios; as a result, we anticipate that we would be required to re-evaluate the composition of our investment portfolio in order to maintain an investment strategy appropriately aligned with our targeted regulatory capital levels.  Depending on future market conditions, this could result in the reinvestment of our portfolio securities into different types of investments, which could materially affect our results of operations.
Certain of the proposals in the NPRs, including the requirement to apply the SSFA, are not anticipated to be effective before 2015. As such, a significant number of the securities currently held in our portfolio that are highly rated by credit agencies are expected to mature or pay down over the intervening period, and we would currently anticipate replacing those securities pursuant to our re-investment program in a manner that would seek to manage our risk appetite, return objectives and regulatory capital ratios. We expect that, as a result of balance sheet management efforts, all other things equal, we would anticipate being able to significantly offset, in whole or in part, the impact of application of the SSFA on our total regulatory risk-weighted assets and related regulatory risk-based capital ratios.
Until U.S. banking regulators finalize new rules specific to the U.S. banking industry to implement Basel III and relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, determining with certainty the alignment of our regulatory capital and our operations with the U.S. regulatory capital requirements, or when we will be expected to be compliant with such requirements, is not possible.

35
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

We believe, however, that we will be able to comply with the relevant Basel II and Basel III regulatory capital requirements when and as applied to us.
We are currently designated as a large bank holding company subject to enhanced supervision and prudential standards, commonly referred to as a “systemically important financial institution,” or SIFI, and we are one among an initial group of 29 institutions worldwide that have been identified by the Financial Stability Board and the Basel Committee as “global systemically important banks,” or G-SIBs. Both of these designations will require us to hold incrementally higher regulatory capital compared to financial institutions without such designations.
Economic Capital
We define economic capital as the capital required to protect holders of our senior debt, and obligations higher in priority, against unexpected economic losses over a one-year period at a level consistent with the solvency of a firm with our target “Aa3/AA-” senior bank debt rating. Economic capital requirements are one of several important measures used by management and the Board of Directors to assess the adequacy of our capital levels in relation to State Street's risk profile. Due to the evolving nature of quantification techniques, we expect to periodically refine the methodologies, assumptions, and information used to estimate our economic capital requirements, which could result in a different amount of capital needed to support our business activities.
In addition, we have begun to measure returns on economic capital and economic profit (defined by us as net income available to common shareholders after deduction of State Street's cost of equity capital) by line of business. This economic profit will be used by management and the Board to gauge risk-adjusted performance over time. This in turn has become an element of our internal process for allocating resources, e.g., capital, information technology spending, etc., by line of business. In addition, return on capital and economic profit are two of several measures used in our evaluation of the viability of a new business or product initiative and for merger-and-acquisition analysis.
We quantify capital requirements for the risks inherent in our business activities and group them into one of the following broadly-defined categories:
•
Market risk: the risk of adverse financial impact due to fluctuations in market prices, primarily as they relate to our trading activities;
•
Interest-rate risk: the risk of loss in non-trading asset and liability management positions, primarily the impact of adverse movements in interest rates on the repricing mismatches that exist between the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition;
•
Credit risk: the risk of loss that may result from the default or downgrade of a borrower or counterparty;
•
Operational risk: the risk of loss from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events, which is consistent with the Basel II definition; and
•
Business risk: the risk of negative earnings resulting from adverse changes in business factors, including changes in the competitive environment, changes in the operational economics of our business activities, and the effect of strategic and reputation risks.
Economic capital for each of these five categories is estimated on a stand-alone basis using scenario analysis and statistical modeling techniques applied to internally-generated and, in some cases, external information. These individual results are then aggregated at the State Street consolidated level.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that we have the ability to meet our financial obligations in a timely and cost-effective manner, and that we maintain sufficient flexibility to fund strategic corporate initiatives as they arise. Effective management of liquidity involves assessing the potential mismatch between the future cash needs of our clients and our available sources of cash under normal and adverse economic and business conditions. Significant uses of liquidity, described more fully below, consist primarily of funding client deposit withdrawals and outstanding commitments to extend credit or commitments to purchase securities as they are drawn upon. Liquidity is provided by the maintenance of broad access to the global capital markets and by the asset structure in our consolidated statement of condition. Additional information about our liquidity is provided under “Financial Condition—Liquidity” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
We generally manage our liquidity on a global basis at the State Street consolidated level. We also manage parent company liquidity, and in certain cases branch liquidity, separately. State Street Bank generally has broader access to funding products and markets limited to banks, specifically the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. The

36
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

parent company is managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. The parent company typically holds enough cash, primarily in the form of interest-bearing deposits with its banking subsidiaries, to meet current debt maturities and cash needs, as well as those projected over the next one-year period.
Our sources of liquidity come from two primary areas: access to the global capital markets and liquid assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition. Our ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors in the capital markets is the first source of liquidity we would access to accommodate the uses of liquidity described below. On-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, State Street Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset-and-liability management of depository institutions. There were no Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding as of June 30, 2012 or December 31, 2011. Each of the above-described sources of liquidity is used in our management of daily cash needs and is available in a crisis scenario should we need to accommodate potential large, unexpected demand for funds.
Our significant uses of liquidity generally result from the following: withdrawals of unsecured client deposits; draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or to purchase securities, generally provided through lines of credit; and short-duration advance facilities. Client deposits are generated largely from our investment servicing activities, and are invested in a combination of investment securities and short-duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits. Most of the client deposits are payable on demand or are short-term in nature, which means that withdrawals can potentially occur quickly and in large amounts. Similarly, clients can request disbursement of funds under commitments to extend credit, or can overdraw their deposit accounts rapidly and in large volumes. In addition, a large volume of unanticipated funding requirements, such as large draw-downs of existing lines of credit, could require additional liquidity.
Material risks to sources of short-term liquidity could include, among other things, adverse changes in the perception in the financial markets of our financial condition or liquidity needs, and downgrades by major independent credit rating agencies of our deposits and our debt securities, which would restrict our ability to access the capital markets and could lead to withdrawals of unsecured deposits by our clients.
In managing our liquidity, we have issued term wholesale certificates of deposit, or CDs, and invested those funds in short-duration financial instruments which are carried in our consolidated statement of condition and which would be available to meet our cash needs. As of June 30, 2012, this wholesale CD portfolio totaled $10.25 billion, compared to $6.34 billion as of December 31, 2011.
While maintenance of our high investment-grade credit rating is of primary importance to our liquidity management program, on-balance sheet liquid assets represent significant liquidity that we can directly control, and provide a source of cash in the form of principal maturities and the ability to borrow from the capital markets using our securities as collateral. Our net liquid assets consist primarily of cash balances at central banks in excess of regulatory requirements and other short-duration liquid assets, such as interest-bearing deposits with banks, which are multi-currency instruments invested with major multi-national banks; and high-quality, marketable investment securities not already pledged, which generally are more liquid than other types of assets and can be sold or borrowed against to generate cash quickly.
As of June 30, 2012, the value of our consolidated net liquid assets, as defined, totaled $129.19 billion, compared to $144.15 billion as of December 31, 2011. For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2012, consolidated average net liquid assets were $116.65 billion and $112.52 billion, respectively, compared to $88.80 billion and $87.75 billion for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. Due to the unusual size and volatile nature of client deposits as of quarter-end, we maintained excess balances of approximately $24.55 billion at the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and other non-U.S. central banks as of June 30, 2012, compared to $50.09 billion as of December 31, 2011. As of June 30, 2012, the value of the parent company's net liquid assets totaled $3.78 billion, compared with $4.91 billion as of December 31, 2011. The parent company's liquid assets consisted primarily of overnight placements with its banking subsidiaries.
Aggregate investment securities carried at $38.31 billion as of June 30, 2012, compared to $44.66 billion as of December 31, 2011, were designated as pledged for public and trust deposits, borrowed funds and for other purposes as provided by law, and are excluded from the liquid assets calculation, unless pledged internally between State Street affiliates. Liquid assets included securities pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston to secure State Street Bank's ability to borrow from their discount window should the need arise. This access to primary credit is an important source of back-up liquidity for State Street Bank. As of June 30, 2012, State Street Bank had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the discount window.
Based on our level of consolidated liquid assets and our ability to access the capital markets for additional funding when

37
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

necessary, including our ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration, management considers State Street's overall liquidity as of June 30, 2012 to be sufficient to meet its current commitments and business needs, including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of its clients.
We maintain an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities, capital securities, common stock, depositary shares and preferred stock, and warrants to purchase such securities, including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible, or any combination thereof. We have, as discussed previously, issued in the past, and we may issue in the future, securities pursuant to the shelf registration. The issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions, funding needs and other factors.
We currently maintain a corporate commercial paper program, under which we can issue up to $3 billion with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issue. As of June 30, 2012, we had $2.45 billion of commercial paper outstanding, compared to $2.38 billion as of December 31, 2011.
State Street Bank had initial Board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities up to an aggregate of $5 billion, including up to $1.5 billion of subordinated debt. All $5 billion was available for issuance under this Board authority as of June 30, 2012. State Street Bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $800 million, or approximately $787 million as of June 30, 2012, to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice. As of June 30, 2012, no balance was outstanding on this line of credit.

Risk Management
The global scope of our business activities requires that we balance what we perceive to be the primary risks in our businesses with a comprehensive and well-integrated risk management function. The identification, measurement, monitoring and mitigation of risks are essential to the financial performance and successful management of our businesses. These risks, if not effectively managed, can result in current losses to State Street as well as erosion of our capital and damage to our reputation. Our systematic approach allows for an assessment of risks within a framework for evaluating opportunities for the prudent use of capital that appropriately balances risk and return. Additional information about our process for managing market risk for both our trading and asset-and-liability management activities, as well as credit risk, operational risk and business risk, can be found under “Financial Condition—Risk Management” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
While we believe that our risk management program is effective in managing the risks in our businesses, external factors may create risks that cannot always be identified or anticipated.
Market Risk
Market risk is defined as the risk of adverse financial impact due to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and other market-driven factors and prices. State Street is exposed to market risk in both its trading and non-trading, or asset-and-liability management, activities. The market risk management processes related to these activities, discussed in further detail below, apply to both on- and off-balance sheet exposures.
We engage in trading and investment activities primarily to support our clients' needs and to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. In the conduct of these activities, we are subject to, and assume, market risk. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall risk appetite, objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility. Interest-rate risk, a component of market risk, is more thoroughly discussed under “Asset and Liability Management" in this "Market Risk" section.
Trading Activities
Market risk associated with our foreign exchange and other trading activities is managed through corporate guidelines, including established limits on aggregate and net open positions, sensitivity to changes in interest rates, and concentrations, which are supplemented by stop-loss thresholds. We use a variety of risk management tools and methodologies, including value-at-risk, or VaR, described later in this section, to measure, monitor and manage market risk. All limits and measurement techniques are reviewed and adjusted as necessary on a regular basis by business managers, the Market Risk Management group and the Trading and Market Risk Committee.
We enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. These activities are generally intended to generate trading services revenue and to manage potential earnings volatility. In addition, we provide services related to derivatives in our role as both a manager and a servicer of financial assets. Our clients use derivatives to manage the financial risks associated with their investment goals and business activities. With the

38
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

growth of cross-border investing, our clients have an increasing need for foreign exchange forward contracts to convert currency for international investments and to manage the currency risk in their international investment portfolios. As an active participant in the foreign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward contracts and options in support of these client needs.  
As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. As of June 30, 2012, the aggregate notional amount of these derivative contracts was $868.25 billion, of which $828.07 billion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. In the aggregate, positions are matched closely to minimize currency and interest-rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates. Additional information about derivative instruments entered into in connection with our trading activities is provided in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
As noted above, we use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to estimate VaR daily. We have adopted standards for estimating VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk in accordance with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk guidelines. VaR is estimated for a 99% one-tail confidence interval and an assumed one-day holding period using a historical observation period of two years. A 99% one-tail confidence interval implies that daily trading losses should not exceed the estimated VaR more than 1% of the time, or less than three business days out of a year. The methodology uses a simulation approach based on historically observed changes in foreign exchange rates, U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates and implied volatilities, and incorporates the resulting diversification benefits provided from the mix of our trading positions.
Like all quantitative risk measures, our historical simulation VaR methodology is subject to inherent limitations and assumptions. Our methodology gives equal weight to all market-rate observations regardless of how recently the market rates were observed. The estimate is calculated using static portfolios consisting of trading positions held at the end of each business day. Therefore, implicit in the VaR estimate is the assumption that no intra-day actions are taken by management during adverse market movements. As a result, the methodology does not incorporate risk associated with intra-day changes in positions or intra-day price volatility.
In addition to daily VaR measurement, we regularly perform stress tests. These stress tests consider historical events, such as the Asian financial crisis or the most recent crisis in the financial markets, as well as hypothetical scenarios defined by us, such as parallel and non-parallel changes in yield curves. Our VaR model incorporates exposures to more than 8,000 factors, composed of foreign exchange spot rates, interest-rate base and spread curves and implied volatility levels and skews.
The following table presents VaR associated with our trading activities, for trading positions held during the periods indicated, as measured by our VaR methodology. The generally lower total VaR amounts compared to component VaR amounts primarily relate to diversification benefits across risk types.
VALUE-AT-RISK
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Average
 
Maximum
 
Minimum
 
Average
 
Maximum
 
Minimum
Foreign exchange rates
$
2.1

 
$
5.0

 
$
0.7

 
$
2.7

 
$
6.0

 
$
1.1

Interest rates
1.3

 
2.1

 
0.5

 
6.0

 
9.3

 
3.4

Total VaR for trading assets
$
2.5

 
$
4.7

 
$
1.0

 
$
6.5

 
$
10.5

 
$
3.5

The year-over-year decline in the VaR associated with interest-rate risk was the result of the impact of our previously announced withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative.
Our historical simulation VaR methodology recognizes diversification benefits by fully revaluing our portfolio using historical market information. As a result, this historical simulation better captures risk by incorporating, by construction, any diversification benefits or concentration risks in our portfolio related to market factors which have historically moved in correlated or independent directions and amounts.
Consistent with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk guidelines, our VaR measurement includes certain positions held outside of our regular sales and trading activities, but carried in trading account assets in our consolidated statement of condition and covered by those guidelines. We do not have a historical simulation VaR model that covers positions outside of our regular sales and trading activities. Consequently, we compute the VaR associated with those assets using a

39
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

separate model, which we then add to the VaR associated with our regular sales and trading activities to derive State Street's total regulatory VaR. Although this simple addition does not give full recognition to the benefits of diversification of our business, we believe that this approach is both conservative and consistent with the way in which we manage those businesses.
We perform ongoing integrity testing of our VaR models to validate that the model forecasts are reasonable when compared to actual results. Our actual daily trading profit and loss, or P&L, is generally greater than hypothetical daily trading P&L due to our ability to manage our positions through intra-day trading and other pricing considerations. As such, while we have not seen any back-testing exceptions to the VaR model in comparison to actual daily trading P&L, from time to time, back-testing exceptions do occur on a hypothetical basis, assuming that all positions are held constant. These exceptions are generally infrequent, as one would expect from the nature and definition of a VaR computation.
The following table presents the VaR associated with our regular trading activities, presented in the preceding table, and the VaR associated with positions outside of those trading activities, the latter of which is described as “VaR for non-trading assets,” for the periods indicated. “Total regulatory VaR” is calculated as the sum of the VaR for trading assets and the VaR for non-trading assets, with no additional diversification benefits recognized. The average, maximum and minimum amounts are calculated for each line item separately.
Total Regulatory VALUE-AT-RISK
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Average
 
Maximum
 
Minimum
 
Average
 
Maximum
 
Minimum
VaR for trading assets
$
2.5

 
$
4.7

 
$
1.0

 
$
6.5

 
$
10.5

 
$
3.5

VaR for non-trading assets
1.5

 
2.0

 
1.3

 
1.7

 
1.9

 
1.4

Total regulatory VaR
$
4.0

 
$
6.1

 
$
2.6

 
$
8.2

 
$
12.4

 
$
5.0


Asset and Liability Management Activities
A primary objective of asset and liability management is to provide sustainable and growing net interest revenue, or NIR, under varying economic environments, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried in our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NIR and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is the exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NIR is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits to conform generally to the characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, including the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client liabilities, but we manage our overall interest-rate risk position in the context of current and anticipated market conditions and within internally-approved risk guidelines.
The economic value of our statement of condition is a metric designed to best estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities which could be garnered if the assets and liabilities were sold today. The economic values represent discounted cash flows from all financial instruments; therefore, changes in the yield curves, which are used to discount the cash flows, affect the values of these instruments. Additional information about our measurement of fair value is provided in note 9 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Our investment activities and our use of derivative financial instruments are the primary tools used in managing interest-rate risk. We invest in financial instruments with currency, repricing, and maturity characteristics we consider appropriate to manage our overall interest-rate risk position. In addition, we use certain derivative instruments, primarily interest-rate swaps, to alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. Our use of derivatives is subject to guidelines approved by our Asset, Liability and Capital Committee, or ALCCO, within which we seek to manage. Additional information about our use of derivatives is provided in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
To measure, monitor, and report on our interest-rate risk position, we use NIR simulation, or NIR-at-risk, and economic value of equity, or EVE, sensitivity. NIR-at-risk measures the impact on NIR over the next twelve months to immediate, or “rate shock,” and gradual, or “rate ramp,” changes in market interest rates. EVE sensitivity is a total return view of interest-rate risk, which measures the impact on the present value of all NIR-related principal and interest cash flows of an immediate change in interest rates, and is generally used in the context of economic capital discussed under "Economic Capital" in "Financial Condition - Capital" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Although NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity measure interest-rate risk over different time horizons, both utilize consistent assumptions when modeling the positions currently held by State Street; however, NIR-at-risk also incorporates future actions planned by management over the time

40
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

horizons being modeled.
Key assumptions used in the models, described in more detail in each section below, along with changes in market conditions, are inherently uncertain. Actual results necessarily differ from model results as market conditions differ from assumptions. As such, management performs back-testing, stress testing, and model integrity analyses to validate that the modeled results produce predictive NIR and EVE sensitivity estimates which can be used in the management of interest-rate risk. Primary factors affecting the actual results are changes in balance sheet size and mix; the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, including the slope and the relationship between the interest-rate level of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar yield curves; changes in market conditions; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
Both NIR-at-risk and EVE sensitivity results are managed against ALCCO-approved limits and guidelines and are monitored regularly, along with other relevant simulations, scenario analyses and stress tests, by both Global Treasury and ALCCO. Our guidelines approved by ALCCO are in line with industry standards and are periodically examined by the Federal Reserve.
Based on our current balance sheet composition where fixed-rate assets exceed fixed-rate liabilities, reported results of NIR-at-risk could depict an increase in NIR from a rate increase while EVE presents a loss.  A change in this balance sheet profile may result in different outcomes under both NIR-at-risk and EVE. NIR-at-risk depicts the change in the nominal (undiscounted) dollar net interest flows which are generated from the forecasted statement of condition over the next 12 months.  As rates increase, the interest expense associated with our client deposit liabilities is assumed to increase at a slower pace than the investment returns derived from our current balance sheet or the associated reinvestment of our interest-earning assets, resulting in an overall increase to NIR.  EVE, on the other hand, measures the present value change of both principal and interest cash flows based on the current period end balance sheet.  As a result, EVE does not contemplate reinvestment of our assets associated with a change in the interest rate environment. 
Although net interest revenue in both NIR-at-risk and EVE is higher in response to increased interest rates, the future principal flows on fixed rate investments are discounted at higher rates for EVE, which results in lower asset values and a corresponding reduction or loss in EVE.  As noted above, NIR-at-risk does not analyze changes in the value of principal cash flows and therefore does not experience the same reduction experienced by EVE sensitivity associated with discounting principal cash flows at higher rates.
NET INTEREST REVENUE AT RISK
NIR-at-risk is designed to measure the potential impact of changes in market interest rates on NIR in the short term. The impact of changes in market rates on NIR is measured against a baseline NIR which encompasses management's expectations regarding the evolving balance sheet volumes and interest rates in the near-term. The goal is to achieve an acceptable level of NIR under various interest rate environments. Assumptions regarding client deposit levels and our ability to price these deposits under various rate environments have a significant impact on the results of the NIR simulations. Similarly, the timing of cash flows from our investment portfolio, especially option-embedded financial instruments like mortgage-backed securities, and our ability to replace these cash flows in line with management's expectations, can affect the results of NIR simulations.
The following table presents the estimated exposure of NIR for the next twelve months, calculated as of the dates indicated, due to an immediate ±100 basis point shift to the bank's internal rate forecast. Estimated incremental exposures presented below are dependent on management's assumptions and do not reflect any additional actions management may undertake in order to mitigate some of the adverse effects of interest-rate changes on State Street's financial performance.
 
Estimated Exposure to
Net Interest Revenue
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Rate change:
 
 
 
+100 bps shock
$
202

 
$
235

–100 bps shock
(284
)
 
(334
)
+100 bps ramp
73

 
79

–100 bps ramp
(138
)
 
(158
)
 
As of June 30, 2012, NIR sensitivity to an upward-100-basis-point shock in market rates was slightly lower compared to December 31, 2011. A larger fixed-rate investment portfolio caused asset yields to respond more slowly, leading to a smaller

41
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

benefit from rising rates compared to year-end. The benefit to NIR for an upward-100-basis-point ramp is less significant than a shock, since market rates are assumed to increase gradually.
NIR sensitivity to a downward-100-basis-point shock in market rates as of June 30, 2012 was lower compared to December 31, 2011 due to the higher fixed-rate composition of the investment portfolio, which keeps NIR from going lower when rates fall relative to year-end. A downward-100-basis-point shock in market rates places pressure on NIR, as deposit rates quickly reach their implicit floors due to the exceptionally low interest-rate environment, and provide little funding relief on the liability side, while assets reset into the lower-rate environment.
Other important factors which affect the levels of NIR are the size and mix of assets carried in our consolidated statement of condition; interest-rate spreads; the slope and interest-rate level of U.S. and non-U.S. dollar yield curves and the relationship between them; the pace of change in market interest rates; and management actions taken in response to the preceding conditions.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF EQUITY
EVE sensitivity measures changes in the market value of equity to quantify potential losses to shareholders due to an immediate ±200 basis point rate shock compared to current rate levels if the balance sheet were liquidated immediately. Management compares the change in EVE sensitivity against State Street's tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital to evaluate whether the magnitude of the exposure to interest rates is acceptable. Generally, a change resulting from a +/- 200-basis-point rate shock that is less than 20% of tier 1 and tier 2 risk-based capital is an exposure that management deems acceptable. To the extent that we manage changes in EVE within the 20% threshold, we would seek to take action to remain below the threshold if the magnitude of our exposure to interest rates approached that limit. Similar to NIR-at-risk measures, the timing of cash flows affects EVE, as changes in asset and liability values under different rate scenarios are dependent on when interest and principal payments are received. In contrast to NIR simulations, however, EVE sensitivity does not incorporate assumptions regarding reinvestment of these cash flows. In addition, our ability to price client deposits has a much smaller impact on EVE, as EVE sensitivity does not consider the ongoing benefit of investing client deposits.
The following table presents estimated EVE exposures, calculated as of the dates indicated, assuming an immediate and prolonged shift in interest rates, the impact of which would be spread over a number of years.

 
Estimated Sensitivity of
Economic Value of Equity
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Rate change:
 
 
 
+200 bps shock
$
(2,189
)
 
$
(1,936
)
–200 bps shock
320

 
490

    
EVE exposure to an upward-200-basis-point shock as of June 30, 2012 was slightly higher compared to December 31, 2011 as a result of purchases of fixed-rate investment securities during the first six months of 2012. The historic low-rate environment causes some market rates to move to zero before achieving a full 200-basis-point decline in a downward shock, and thus limits the potential positive EVE change, causing a lower benefit compared to December 31, 2011.
 
Credit Risk
Credit and counterparty risk is defined as the risk of financial loss if a borrower or counterparty is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit and counterparty risk for both our on- and off-balance sheet exposures. The extension of credit and the acceptance of counterparty risk by State Street are governed by corporate guidelines based on each counterparty's risk profile, the markets served, counterparty and country concentrations, and regulatory compliance. Our focus on large institutional investors and their businesses requires that we assume concentrated credit risk for a variety of products and durations. We maintain comprehensive guidelines and procedures to monitor and manage all aspects of credit and counterparty risk that we undertake.
We use an internal rating system to assess our risk of credit loss. State Street's risk-rating process incorporates the use of risk-rating tools in conjunction with management judgment. Qualitative and quantitative inputs are captured in a transparent and replicable manner, and following a formal review and approval process, an internal credit rating based on our credit scale is assigned. We evaluate and risk-rate the credit of our counterparties on an individual basis at least annually. Significant

42
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)

exposures are reviewed daily by Enterprise Risk Management, or ERM. Processes for credit approval and monitoring are in place for all extensions of credit. As part of the approval and renewal process, due diligence is conducted based on the size and term of the exposure, as well as the creditworthiness of the counterparty. At any point in time, having one or more counterparties to which our exposure exceeds 10% of our consolidated total shareholders' equity, exclusive of unrealized gains or losses, is not unusual.
We provide, on a selective basis, traditional loan products and services to key clients in a manner that is intended to enhance client relationships, increase profitability and manage risk. We employ a relationship model in which credit decisions are based on credit quality and the overall institutional relationship.
An allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb estimated probable credit losses inherent in our loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date; this allowance is reviewed on a regular basis by management. The provision for loan losses is a charge to current earnings to maintain the overall allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate relative to the level of estimated probable credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio.
We also assume other types of credit exposure with our clients and counterparties. We purchase securities under reverse repurchase agreements, which are agreements to resell. Most repurchase agreements are short-term, with maturities of less than 90 days. Risk is managed through a variety of processes, including establishing the acceptability of counterparties; limiting purchases primarily to low-risk U.S. government securities; taking possession or control of pledged assets; monitoring levels of underlying collateral; and limiting the duration of the agreements. Securities are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is required from the borrower.
We also provide our clients with off-balance sheet liquidity and credit enhancement facilities in the form of letters and lines of credit and standby bond-purchase agreements. These exposures are subject to an initial credit analysis, with detailed approval and review processes. These facilities are also actively monitored and reviewed annually. We maintain a separate reserve for probable credit losses related to certain of these off-balance sheet activities, which is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition. Management reviews the appropriate level of this reserve on a regular basis.
Investments in debt and equity securities, including investments in affiliates, are monitored regularly by Corporate Finance and ERM. Procedures are in place for assessing impaired securities, as described in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
On behalf of clients enrolled in our securities lending program, we lend securities to banks, broker/dealers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. Though these transactions are collateralized, the substantial volume of these activities necessitates detailed credit-based underwriting and monitoring processes. The aggregate amount of indemnified securities on loan totaled $314.75 billion as of June 30, 2012, compared to $302.34 billion as of December 31, 2011. We require the borrowers to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. State Street holds the collateral received in connection with its securities lending services as agent, and these holdings are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. The securities on loan and the collateral are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary. We held, as agent, cash and securities totaling $322.84 billion and $312.60 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
The collateral held by us is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the repurchase agreement to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase agreement. The indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. Of the collateral of $322.84 billion as of June 30, 2012 and $312.60 billion as of December 31, 2011 referenced above, $85.86 billion as of June 30, 2012 and $88.66 billion as of December 31, 2011 was invested in indemnified repurchase agreements. We or our agents held $89.95 billion and $93.04 billion as collateral for indemnified investments in repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
Additional information about our off-balance sheet arrangements is provided in notes 6, 7 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
Information with respect to recent accounting developments is provided in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

43

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information with respect to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is provided under “Financial Condition—Risk Management—Market Risk” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in this Form 10-Q.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
State Street has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information related to State Street and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, which is required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to State Street’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. For the quarter ended June 30, 2012, State Street’s management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of State Street’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that State Street’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2012.
State Street has also established and maintains internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in conformity with GAAP. In the ordinary course of business, State Street routinely enhances its internal controls and procedures for financial reporting by either upgrading its current systems or implementing new systems. Changes have been made and may be made to State Street’s internal controls and procedures for financial reporting as a result of these efforts. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, no changes occurred in State Street’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, State Street’s internal control over financial reporting.

44





STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

 
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

Management fees
246

 
250

 
482

 
486

Trading services
255

 
311

 
535

 
613

Securities finance
143

 
137

 
240

 
203

Processing fees and other
48

 
70

 
142

 
162

Total fee revenue
1,778

 
1,892

 
3,563

 
3,683

Net interest revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest revenue
786

 
719

 
1,551

 
1,453

Interest expense
114

 
147

 
254

 
304

Net interest revenue
672

 
572

 
1,297

 
1,149

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from sales of investment securities
(14
)
 
62

 
5

 
66

Losses from other-than-temporary impairment
(21
)
 
(44
)
 
(46
)
 
(79
)
Losses not related to credit
8

 
9

 
25

 
33

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
(27
)
 
27

 
(16
)
 
20

Total revenue
2,423

 
2,491

 
4,844

 
4,852

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
2

 
(1
)
 
1

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and employee benefits
942

 
1,009

 
2,006

 
1,983

Information systems and communications
208

 
199

 
399

 
390

Transaction processing services
172

 
193

 
353

 
373

Occupancy
115

 
113

 
234

 
220

Acquisition and restructuring costs
37

 
17

 
58

 
36

Professional services
96

 
84

 
177

 
166

Amortization of other intangible assets
48

 
50

 
99

 
99

Other
154

 
109

 
281

 
209

Total expenses
1,772

 
1,774

 
3,607

 
3,476

Income before income tax expense
652

 
715

 
1,238

 
1,375

Income tax expense
162

 
202

 
321

 
391

Net income
$
490

 
$
513

 
$
917

 
$
984

Net income available to common shareholders
$
480

 
$
502

 
$
897

 
$
968

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.00

 
$
1.01

 
$
1.86

 
$
1.95

Diluted
.98

 
1.00

 
1.83

 
1.93

Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
481,404

 
496,806

 
483,165

 
497,137

Diluted
488,518

 
501,044

 
489,145

 
500,753

Cash dividends declared per common share
$
.24

 
$
.18

 
$
.48

 
$
.36


The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

45

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
Net income
$
490

 
$
513

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $(15) and $(15), respectively
(299
)
 
112

Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $42 and $195, respectively
75

 
291

Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of $(11) and $(4), respectively
(17
)
 
(7
)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $1 and $6, respectively
—

 
10

Change in net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $0 and $0, respectively
3

 
4

Change in minimum pension liability, net of related taxes of $0 and $19, respectively
—

 
(12
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(238
)
 
398

Total comprehensive income
$
252

 
$
911

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
Net income
$
917

 
$
984

Other comprehensive income, net of related taxes:
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of $34 and $(38), respectively
(153
)
 
472

Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $145 and $243, respectively
251

 
358

Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges, net of related taxes of $10 and $6, respectively
15

 
8

Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit, net of related taxes of $2 and $8, respectively
3

 
13

Change in net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $1 and $1, respectively
4

 
3

Change in minimum pension liability, net of related taxes of $1 and $23, respectively
2

 
(5
)
Other comprehensive income
122

 
849

Total comprehensive income
$
1,039

 
$
1,833










The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

46

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONDITION
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
6,088

 
$
2,193

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
31,145

 
58,886

Securities purchased under resale agreements
8,144

 
7,045

Trading account assets
606

 
707

Investment securities available for sale
106,378

 
99,832

Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $7,934 and $9,362)
7,807

 
9,321

Loans and leases (less allowance for losses of $22 and $22)
12,338

 
10,031

Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $3,842 and $3,673)
1,702

 
1,747

Accrued income receivable
1,914

 
1,822

Goodwill
5,611

 
5,645

Other intangible assets
2,334

 
2,459

Other assets
16,710

 
17,139

Total assets
$
200,777

 
$
216,827

 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
$
41,194

 
$
59,229

Interest-bearing—U.S.
11,209

 
7,148

Interest-bearing—Non-U.S.
91,368

 
90,910

Total deposits
143,771

 
157,287

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
8,893

 
8,572

Federal funds purchased
671

 
656

Other short-term borrowings
4,714

 
4,766

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
16,439

 
18,017

Long-term debt
6,392

 
8,131

Total liabilities
180,880

 
197,429

Commitments and contingencies (note 6)

 

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, no par: 3,500,000 shares authorized; 5,001 shares issued and outstanding
500

 
500

Common stock, $1 par: 750,000,000 shares authorized; 503,930,869 and 503,965,849 shares issued
504

 
504

Surplus
9,623

 
9,557

Retained earnings
10,846

 
10,176

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(537
)
 
(659
)
Treasury stock, at cost (25,108,775 and 16,541,985 shares)
(1,039
)
 
(680
)
Total shareholders’ equity
19,897

 
19,398

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
200,777

 
$
216,827







The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

47

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts,
shares in thousands)
Preferred
Stock
 
COMMON STOCK
 
Surplus
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
TREASURY STOCK
 
Total
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 31, 2010
 
 
502,064

 
$
502

 
$
9,356

 
$
8,634

 
$
(689
)
 
420

 
$
(16
)
 
$
17,787

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
984

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
984

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
849

 
 
 
 
 
849

Preferred stock issued
$
500

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
500

Cash dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—$.36 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(181
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(181
)
Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7
)
Common stock acquired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,872

 
(225
)
 
(225
)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including related taxes of $(11)
 
 
1,988

 
2

 
129

 
 
 
 
 
(127
)
 
6

 
137

Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11
)
 
 
 
 
 
(7
)
 
1

 
(10
)
Balance at June 30, 2011
$
500

 
504,052

 
$
504

 
$
9,474

 
$
9,430

 
$
160

 
5,158

 
$
(234
)
 
$
19,834

Balance at December 31, 2011
$
500

 
503,966

 
$
504

 
$
9,557

 
$
10,176

 
$
(659
)
 
16,542

 
$
(680
)
 
$
19,398

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
917

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
917

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
122

 
 
 
 
 
122

Cash dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock—$.48 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(233
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(233
)
Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(14
)
Common stock acquired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,098

 
(480
)
 
(480
)
Common stock awards and options exercised, including related taxes of $(9)
 
 
(35
)
 
—

 
65

 
 
 
 
 
(2,534
)
 
121

 
186

Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
 
3

 
—

 
1

Balance at June 30, 2012
$
500

 
503,931

 
$
504

 
$
9,623

 
$
10,846

 
$
(537
)
 
25,109

 
$
(1,039
)
 
$
19,897












The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

48




STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
917

 
$
984

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Deferred income tax benefit
(55
)
 
(15
)
Amortization of other intangible assets
99

 
99

Other non-cash adjustments for depreciation, amortization and accretion
165

 
70

(Gains) Losses related to investment securities, net
16

 
(20
)
Change in trading account assets, net
101

 
(1,477
)
Change in accrued income receivable
(92
)
 
(138
)
Change in collateral deposits, net
(2,998
)
 
(683
)
Change in unrealized (gains) losses on foreign exchange derivatives, net
348

 
(379
)
Change in other assets, net
913

 
(4,363
)
Change in trading liabilities, net
5

 
748

Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities, net
(1,136
)
 
3,395

Other, net
268

 
(282
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(1,449
)
 
(2,061
)
Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks
27,741

 
(8,665
)
Net (increase) decrease in securities purchased under resale agreements
(1,099
)
 
1,005

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
2,451

 
7,552

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities
21,653

 
21,380

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
(28,698
)
 
(40,870
)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities
1,512

 
1,940

Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
(5
)
 
(452
)
Net increase in loans
(2,338
)
 
(1,154
)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
—

 
(77
)
Purchases of equity investments and other long-term assets
(53
)
 
(63
)
Purchases of premises and equipment
(143
)
 
(192
)
Other, net
69

 
194

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
21,090

 
(19,402
)
Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits
3,000

 
(6,261
)
Net increase (decrease) in all other deposits
(16,516
)
 
33,325

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings
284

 
(5,459
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs
—

 
1,986

Payments for long-term debt and obligations under capital leases
(1,762
)
 
(1,018
)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
—

 
500

Proceeds from exercises of common stock options
16

 
37

Purchases of common stock
(480
)
 
(225
)
Repurchases of common stock for employee tax withholding
(69
)
 
(58
)
Payments for cash dividends
(219
)
 
(103
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(15,746
)
 
22,724

Net increase
3,895

 
1,261

Cash and due from banks at beginning of period
2,193

 
3,311

Cash and due from banks at end of period
$
6,088

 
$
4,572

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

49




STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS


50

STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)


Note 1.    Basis of Presentation
The accounting and financial reporting policies of State Street Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as GAAP. State Street Corporation, the parent company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our principal banking subsidiary, State Street Bank and Trust Company, is referred to as State Street Bank.
We have two lines of business:
Investment Servicing provides services for U.S. mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations and endowments worldwide. Products include custody, product- and participant-level accounting, daily pricing and administration; master trust and master custody; record-keeping; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance; deposit and short-term investment facilities; loans and lease financing; investment manager and alternative investment manager operations outsourcing; and performance, risk and compliance analytics to support institutional investors.
Investment Management, through State Street Global Advisors, or SSgA, provides a broad range of investment management strategies, specialized investment management advisory services and other financial services, such as securities finance, for corporations, public funds, and other sophisticated investors. Management strategies offered by SSgA include passive and active, such as enhanced indexing and hedge fund strategies, using quantitative and fundamental methods for both U.S. and non-U.S. equity and fixed-income securities. SSgA also offers exchange-traded funds.
The consolidated financial statements accompanying these condensed notes are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications. Events occurring subsequent to the date of our consolidated statement of condition were evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements through the date we filed this Form 10-Q with the SEC.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of certain of our significant accounting policies that may materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses. As a result of unanticipated events or circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts dependent on subjective or complex judgments in the application of accounting policies considered by management to be relatively more significant in this regard are those associated with our accounting for fair value measurements; interest revenue recognition and other-than-temporary impairment; and impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. Among other effects, unanticipated events or circumstances could result in future impairment of investment securities, goodwill or other intangible assets, and the recognition of varying amounts of interest revenue from discount accretion related to certain investment securities.
Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2011 included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements was derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all notes required by GAAP for a complete set of financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and these condensed notes should be read in conjunction with the financial and risk factors information included in our 2011 Form 10-K, which we previously filed with the SEC.
Recent Accounting Developments
In December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to GAAP that requires new disclosures with respect to offsetting of financial instruments. The disclosures are intended to enhance comparability between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, by eliminating a significant quantitative difference between balance sheets prepared in conformity with GAAP and balance sheets prepared in conformity with IFRS.
At a minimum, entities are required to disclose the following information separately for financial assets and liabilities as of the end of the reported period: (a) gross amounts; (b) amounts offset in accordance with the offsetting guidance; (c) net amounts presented in the balance sheet (i.e., (a) - (b)); (d) amounts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement that management either chooses not to offset or that do not meet the conditions in the offsetting guidance, along with the amounts related to cash and financial instrument collateral (whether recognized or unrecognized on the balance sheet); and (e) the entity's net exposure (i.e., (d)-(c)). The disclosure requirements are effective, for State Street, for interim and annual

51
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Adoption of this new GAAP is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Note 2.    Investment Securities
The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value, and associated unrealized gains and losses, of investment securities as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
 
Fair
Value
(In millions)
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
$
1,258

 
$
32

 
$
1

 
$
1,289

 
$
2,798

 
$
39

 
$
1

 
$
2,836

Mortgage-backed securities
33,679

 
568

 
98

 
34,149

 
29,511

 
538

 
28

 
30,021

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans(1)
17,304

 
79

 
648

 
16,735

 
17,187

 
69

 
711

 
16,545

Credit cards
9,750

 
54

 
8

 
9,796

 
10,448

 
53

 
14

 
10,487

Sub-prime
1,689

 
2

 
361

 
1,330

 
1,849

 
2

 
447

 
1,404

Other
3,812

 
145

 
100

 
3,857

 
3,421

 
169

 
125

 
3,465

Total asset-backed securities
32,555

 
280

 
1,117

 
31,718

 
32,905

 
293

 
1,297

 
31,901

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
10,747

 
119

 
51

 
10,815

 
10,890

 
92

 
107

 
10,875

Asset-backed securities
5,641

 
10

 
9

 
5,642

 
4,318

 
2

 
17

 
4,303

Government securities
1,821

 
—

 
—

 
1,821

 
1,671

 
—

 
—

 
1,671

Other
3,625

 
53

 
5

 
3,673

 
2,797

 
41

 
13

 
2,825

Total non-U.S. debt securities
21,834

 
182

 
65

 
21,951

 
19,676

 
135

 
137

 
19,674

State and political subdivisions
7,182

 
229

 
103

 
7,308

 
6,924

 
244

 
121

 
7,047

Collateralized mortgage obligations
4,668

 
98

 
36

 
4,730

 
3,971

 
62

 
53

 
3,980

Other U.S. debt securities
4,265

 
193

 
9

 
4,449

 
3,471

 
159

 
15

 
3,615

U.S. equity securities
674

 
2

 
—

 
676

 
639

 
1

 
—

 
640

Non-U.S. equity securities
108

 
—

 
—

 
108

 
118

 
—

 
—

 
118

Total
$
106,223

 
$
1,584

 
$
1,429

 
$
106,378

 
$
100,013

 
$
1,471

 
$
1,652

 
$
99,832

Held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
206

 
$
15

 
 
 
$
221

 
$
265

 
$
18

 
 
 
$
283

Asset-backed securities
17

 
—

 
$
1

 
16

 
31

 
—

 
$
2

 
29

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
4,087

 
73

 
162

 
3,998

 
4,973

 
87

 
224

 
4,836

Asset-backed securities
432

 
14

 
3

 
443

 
436

 
16

 
3

 
449

Government securities
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

Other
166

 
—

 
12

 
154

 
172

 
—

 
17

 
155

Total non-U.S. debt securities
4,688

 
87

 
177

 
4,598

 
5,584

 
103

 
244

 
5,443

State and political subdivisions
86

 
2

 
—

 
88

 
107

 
3

 
—

 
110

Collateralized mortgage obligations
2,810

 
227

 
26

 
3,011

 
3,334

 
220

 
57

 
3,497

Total
$
7,807

 
$
331

 
$
204

 
$
7,934

 
$
9,321

 
$
344

 
$
303

 
$
9,362

 
 
 
 
(1)
Substantially composed of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.

52
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Aggregate investment securities carried at $38.31 billion and $44.66 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, were designated as pledged for public and trust deposits, short-term borrowings and for other purposes as provided by law.
The following tables present the aggregate fair values of investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, as of the dates indicated:
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
June 30, 2012
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
 
 
 
 
$
131

 
$
1

 
$
131

 
$
1

Mortgage-backed securities
$
8,079

 
$
96

 
355

 
2

 
8,434

 
98

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
1,606

 
12

 
10,874

 
636

 
12,480

 
648

Credit cards
1,685

 
6

 
311

 
2

 
1,996

 
8

Sub-prime
—

 
—

 
1,290

 
361

 
1,290

 
361

Other
1,031

 
23

 
1,125

 
77

 
2,156

 
100

Total asset-backed securities
4,322

 
41

 
13,600

 
1,076

 
17,922

 
1,117

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
991

 
3

 
1,777

 
48

 
2,768

 
51

Asset-backed securities
827

 
3

 
335

 
6

 
1,162

 
9

Other
716

 
2

 
23

 
3

 
739

 
5

Total non-U.S. debt securities
2,534

 
8

 
2,135

 
57

 
4,669

 
65

State and political subdivisions
491

 
4

 
1,364

 
99

 
1,855

 
103

Collateralized mortgage obligations
892

 
15

 
547

 
21

 
1,439

 
36

Other U.S. debt securities
309

 
1

 
31

 
8

 
340

 
9

Total
$
16,627

 
$
165

 
$
18,163

 
$
1,264

 
$
34,790

 
$
1,429

Held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
 
 
$
12

 
$
1

 
$
12

 
$
1

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
114

 
$
2

 
1,239

 
160

 
1,353

 
162

Asset-backed securities
—

 
—

 
79

 
3

 
79

 
3

Other
—

 
—

 
140

 
12

 
140

 
12

Total non-U.S. debt securities
114

 
2

 
1,458

 
175

 
1,572

 
177

Collateralized mortgage obligations
156

 
6

 
275

 
20

 
431

 
26

Total
$
270

 
$
8

 
$
1,745

 
$
196

 
$
2,015

 
$
204



53
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
December 31, 2011
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
$
1,373

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,373

 
$
1

Mortgage-backed securities
4,714

 
26

 
$
370

 
$
2

 
5,084

 
28

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
2,642

 
23

 
10,706

 
688

 
13,348

 
711

Credit cards
2,581

 
6

 
1,461

 
8

 
4,042

 
14

Sub-prime
16

 
1

 
1,360

 
446

 
1,376

 
447

Other
1,482

 
19

 
1,122

 
106

 
2,604

 
125

Total asset-backed securities
6,721

 
49

 
14,649

 
1,248

 
21,370

 
1,297

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
6,069

 
55

 
1,151

 
52

 
7,220

 
107

Asset-backed securities
2,205

 
14

 
108

 
3

 
2,313

 
17

Other
1,543

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
1,543

 
13

Total non-U.S. debt securities
9,817

 
82

 
1,259

 
55

 
11,076

 
137

State and political subdivisions
171

 
3

 
1,446

 
118

 
1,617

 
121

Collateralized mortgage obligations
2,024

 
43

 
68

 
10

 
2,092

 
53

Other U.S. debt securities
220

 
2

 
57

 
13

 
277

 
15

Total
$
25,040

 
$
206

 
$
17,849

 
$
1,446

 
$
42,889

 
$
1,652

Held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
 
 
$
29

 
$
2

 
$
29

 
$
2

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
341

 
$
6

 
1,382

 
218

 
1,723

 
224

Asset-backed securities
9

 
1

 
70

 
2

 
79

 
3

Other
—

 
—

 
138

 
17

 
138

 
17

Total non-U.S. debt securities
350

 
7

 
1,590

 
237

 
1,940

 
244

Collateralized mortgage obligations
649

 
32

 
231

 
25

 
880

 
57

Total
$
999

 
$
39

 
$
1,850

 
$
264

 
$
2,849

 
$
303


54
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents contractual maturities of debt investment securities as of June 30, 2012:
(In millions)
Under 1
Year
 
1 to 5
Years
 
6 to 10
Years
 
Over 10
Years
Available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
 
 
$
451

 
$
62

 
$
776

Mortgage-backed securities
$
13

 
1,498

 
10,138

 
22,500

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
217

 
6,141

 
6,877

 
3,500

Credit cards
917

 
7,212

 
1,667

 
—

Sub-prime
135

 
50

 
5

 
1,140

Other
92

 
2,309

 
1,337

 
119

Total asset-backed securities
1,361

 
15,712

 
9,886

 
4,759

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
611

 
3,677

 
490

 
6,037

Asset-backed securities
236

 
3,829

 
1,244

 
333

Government securities
1,671

 
150

 
—

 
—

Other
1,542

 
2,009

 
122

 
—

Total non-U.S. debt securities
4,060

 
9,665

 
1,856

 
6,370

State and political subdivisions
632

 
2,999

 
2,834

 
843

Collateralized mortgage obligations
82

 
2,351

 
922

 
1,375

Other U.S. debt securities
305

 
3,132

 
980

 
32

Total
$
6,453

 
$
35,808

 
$
26,678

 
$
36,655

Held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
$
40

 
$
52

 
$
114

Asset-backed securities
 
 
—

 
—

 
17

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
631

 
63

 
—

 
3,393

Asset-backed securities
73

 
226

 
133

 
—

Government securities
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other
—

 
152

 
—

 
14

Total non-U.S. debt securities
707

 
441

 
133

 
3,407

State and political subdivisions
50

 
36

 
—

 
—

Collateralized mortgage obligations
370

 
1,380

 
167

 
893

Total
$
1,127

 
$
1,897

 
$
352

 
$
4,431

The maturities of asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are based on expected principal payments.

55
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents realized gains and losses related to investment securities for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Gross realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities
$
32

 
$
62

 
$
51

 
$
66

Gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities (1)
(46
)
 
—

 
(46
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross losses from other-than-temporary impairment
(21
)
 
(44
)
 
(46
)
 
(79
)
Losses not related to credit
8

 
9

 
25

 
33

Net impairment losses
(13
)
 
(35
)
 
(21
)
 
(46
)
Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
$
(27
)
 
$
27

 
$
(16
)
 
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment associated with expected credit losses
$
(9
)
 
$
(24
)
 
$
(13
)
 
$
(29
)
Impairment associated with management's intent to sell the impaired securities prior to their recovery in value
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(8
)
Impairment associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
(8
)
 
(9
)
Net impairment losses
$
(13
)
 
$
(35
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
(46
)

(1) Loss resulted from the sale of all of our Greek securities, which were previously classified as held to maturity. The sale was undertaken as a result of the effect of significant deterioration in the creditworthiness of the underlying collateral, including significant downgrades of the securities' published credit ratings.
The following table presents activity with respect to net impairment losses related to credit for the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
Beginning balance
$
113

 
$
63

Plus losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized
2

 
7

Plus losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized
19

 
31

Less previously recognized losses related to securities sold
(20
)
 
(1
)
Less losses related to securities intended or required to be sold
—

 
(2
)
Ending balance
$
114

 
$
98

Impairment
We conduct periodic reviews of individual securities to assess whether other-than-temporary impairment exists. Impairment exists when the current fair value of an individual security is below its amortized cost basis. When the decline in the security's fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, the loss is recorded in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, for debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, impairment is recorded in our consolidated statement of income when management intends to sell (or may be required to sell) the securities before they recover in value, or when management expects the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the securities to be less than the amortized cost of the impaired security (a credit loss).
 Our review of impaired securities generally includes:
•
the identification and evaluation of securities that have indications of possible other-than-temporary impairment, such as issuer-specific concerns, including deteriorating financial condition or bankruptcy;
•
the analysis of expected future cash flows of securities, based on quantitative and qualitative factors;
•
the analysis of the collectibility of those future cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts;

56
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

•
the analysis of the underlying collateral for asset- and mortgage-backed securities;
•
the analysis of individual impaired securities, including consideration of the length of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the anticipated recovery period, and the magnitude of the overall price decline;
•
discussion and evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual securities to be deemed other-than- temporarily impaired and those that would not support other-than-temporary impairment; and
•
documentation of the results of these analyses.
Factors considered in determining whether impairment is other than temporary include:
•
the length of time the security has been impaired;
•
the severity of the impairment;
•
the cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer;
•
activity in the market with respect to the issuer's securities, which may indicate adverse credit conditions; and
•
our intention not to sell, and the likelihood that we will not be required to sell, the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery in value.
The substantial majority of our investment securities portfolio is composed of debt securities. A critical component of the evaluation for other-than-temporary impairment of our debt securities is the identification of credit-impaired securities for which management does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.
Debt securities that are not deemed to be credit-impaired are subject to additional management analysis to assess whether management intends to sell, or, more likely than not, would be required to sell, the security before the expected recovery to its amortized cost basis.
The following describes our process for identifying credit impairment in security types with the most significant unrealized losses as of June 30, 2012.
U.S. Non-Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
For U.S. non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, other-than-temporary impairment related to credit is assessed using cash flow models, tailored for each security, that estimate the future cash flows from the underlying mortgages, using the security-specific collateral and transaction structure. Estimates of future cash flows are subject to management judgment. The future cash flows and performance of our portfolio of U.S. mortgage-backed securities are a function of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the condition of the U.S. economy, the condition of the U.S. residential mortgage markets, and the level of loan defaults, prepayments and loss severities. Management's estimates of future losses for each security also consider the underwriting and historical performance of our specific securities, the underlying collateral type, vintage, borrower profile, third-party guarantees, current levels of subordination, geography and other factors.
Primarily as a result of rising delinquencies and loss severities for certain securities as well as management's continued expectation of a slow U.S. national housing market, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $3 million and $7 million related to such securities, all associated with expected credit losses, in our consolidated statement of income in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. Such losses were $24 million and $29 million, all associated with expected credit losses, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively.
Asset-Backed Securities - Student Loans
Asset-backed securities collateralized by student loans are primarily composed of securities collateralized by Federal Family Education Loan Program, or FFELP, loans. FFELP loans benefit from a federal government guarantee of at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest, with additional credit support provided in the form of overcollateralization, subordination and excess spread, which collectively total in excess of 100%. Accordingly, the vast majority of FFELP loan-backed securities are not exposed to traditional consumer credit risk. Our total exposure to private student loan-backed securities was less than $1.0 billion as of June 30, 2012; our evaluation of impairment considers, among other factors, the impact of high unemployment rates on the collateral performance of private student loans.
Non-U.S. Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities
Non-U.S. mortgage- and asset-backed securities are composed primarily of U.K., Dutch and Australian securities collateralized by residential mortgages. Our evaluation of impairment considers the location of the underlying collateral, collateral enhancement and structural features, expected credit losses under base-case and stressed conditions and the macroeconomic outlook for the country in which the collateral resides, including housing prices and unemployment. Where

57
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

appropriate, any potential loss after consideration of the above-referenced factors is further evaluated to determine whether any other-than-temporary impairment exists. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $10 million and $14 million, respectively, substantially related to non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities. Of the total impairment, $6 million in both periods was associated with expected credit losses and $4 million and $8 million, respectively, was associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $3 million and $9 million, respectively, all associated with adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows, substantially related to non-U.S. mortgage-backed securities.
Our aggregate exposure to Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal totaled approximately $697 million as of June 30, 2012. We had no exposure to Greece, and no direct sovereign debt exposure to any of these countries, as of that date. We had indirect exposure consisting of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, composed of $266 million in Spain, $252 million in Italy, $107 million in Ireland and $72 million in Portugal. These securities had an aggregate pre-tax gross unrealized loss of approximately $71 million as of June 30, 2012. We recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $6 million associated with expected credit losses on these securities during the three months ended June 30, 2012. We recorded no other-than-temporary impairment associated with expected credit losses on these securities in the three months ended June 30, 2012 or in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011. Our evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairment of these securities assumes a negative baseline macroeconomic environment for this region, due to the continued sovereign debt crisis, and the combination of slower economic growth and continued government austerity measures. Our baseline view assumes a recessionary period characterized by higher unemployment and by additional housing price declines of between 9% and 22% across these four countries. Our evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment in our base case does not assume a disorderly sovereign debt restructuring or a break-up of the Eurozone. In addition, stress testing and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to understand the impact of more severe assumptions on potential other-than-temporary impairment.
State and Political Subdivisions
In assessing other-than-temporary impairment, we may from time to time rely on support from third-party financial guarantors for certain asset-backed and municipal (state and political subdivisions) securities. Factors considered when determining the level of support include the guarantor's credit rating and management's assessment of the guarantor's financial condition. For those guarantors that management deems to be under financial duress, we assume an immediate default by those guarantors, with a modest recovery of claimed amounts (up to 20%). In addition, for various forms of collateralized securities, management considers the liquidation value of the underlying collateral based on expected housing prices and other relevant factors.
*****
The estimates, assumptions and other risk factors utilized in our evaluation of impairment as described above are used by management to identify securities which are subject to further analysis of potential credit losses. Additional analyses are performed using more severe assumptions to further evaluate sensitivity of losses relative to the above factors. However, since the assumptions are based on the unique characteristics of each security, management uses a range of point estimates for prepayment speeds and housing prices that reflect the collateral profile of the securities within each asset class. In addition, in measuring expected credit losses, the individual characteristics of each security are examined to determine whether any additional factors would increase or mitigate the expected loss. Once losses are determined, the timing of the loss will also affect the ultimate other-than-temporary impairment, since the loss is ultimately subject to a discount commensurate with the purchase yield of the security.
In the aggregate, we recorded credit-related other-than-temporary impairment of $13 million and $21 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, compared to $35 million and $46 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. Of the $13 million and $21 million recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, $9 million and $13 million, respectively, related to expected credit losses, and $4 million and $8 million, respectively, resulted from adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows from the securities. Of the $35 million and $46 million recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, $24 million and $29 million, respectively, related to expected credit losses, $8 million in both periods resulted from changes in management's intent to sell the impaired securities prior to their recovery in value, and $3 million and $9 million, respectively, resulted from adverse changes in timing of expected future cash flows from the securities.
After a review of the investment portfolio, taking into consideration current economic conditions, adverse situations that might affect our ability to fully collect principal and interest, the timing of future payments, the credit quality and performance of the collateral underlying asset-backed securities and other relevant factors, and excluding other-than-temporary impairment recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, management considers the aggregate decline in fair value of the

58
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

investment securities portfolio and the resulting gross pre-tax unrealized losses of $1.63 billion related to 1,899 securities as of June 30, 2012 to be temporary and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities.

Note 3.    Loans and Leases
The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, by segment and class, as of the dates indicated:
 
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Institutional:
 
 
 
Investment funds:
 
 
 
U.S.
$
7,521

 
$
5,592

Non-U.S.
1,337

 
796

Commercial and financial:
 
 
 
U.S.
890

 
563

Non-U.S.
380

 
453

Purchased receivables:
 
 
 
U.S.
364

 
563

Non-U.S.
250

 
372

Lease financing:
 
 
 
U.S.
386

 
397

Non-U.S.
813

 
857

Total institutional
11,941

 
9,593

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
U.S.
419

 
460

Total loans and leases
12,360

 
10,053

Allowance for loan losses
(22
)
 
(22
)
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan losses
$
12,338

 
$
10,031

Aggregate short-duration advances to our clients included in the investment funds and commercial-and-financial classes of the institutional segment were $4.33 billion and $2.17 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
The following tables present our recorded investment in each class of loans and leases by credit quality indicator as of the dates indicated:
 
Institutional
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
 
June 30, 2012
Investment
Funds
 
Commercial
and
Financial
 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 
Property
Development
 
Other
Acquired
Credit-
Impaired
 
Other
 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
8,616

 
$
1,047

 
$
614

 
$
1,172

 


 


 
$
30

 
$
11,479

Speculative
242

 
223

 
—

 
27

 
$
379

 


 
5

 
876

Doubtful
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
$
5

 
—

 
5

Total
$
8,858

 
$
1,270

 
$
614

 
$
1,199

 
$
379

 
$
5

 
$
35

 
$
12,360

 
 
Institutional
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
 
December 31, 2011
Investment
Funds
 
Commercial
and
Financial
 
Purchased
Receivables
 
Lease
Financing
 
Property
Development
 
Other
Acquired
Credit-
Impaired
 
Other
 
Total
Loans and
Leases
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
6,341

 
$
592

 
$
935

 
$
1,194

 
$
1

 
$
3

 
$
36

 
$
9,102

Speculative
47

 
424

 
—

 
60

 
379

 
31

 
5

 
946

Doubtful
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5

 
—

 
5

Total
$
6,388

 
$
1,016

 
$
935

 
$
1,254

 
$
380

 
$
39

 
$
41

 
$
10,053


59
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Loans and leases are grouped in the tables presented above into the rating categories that align with our internal risk-rating framework. Management considers the ratings to be current as of June 30, 2012. We use an internal risk-rating system to assess our risk of credit loss for each loan or lease. This risk-rating process incorporates the use of risk-rating tools in conjunction with management judgment. Qualitative and quantitative inputs are captured in a systematic manner, and following a formal review and approval process, an internal credit rating based on our credit scale is assigned.
In assessing the risk rating assigned to each individual loan or lease, among the factors considered are the borrower's debt capacity, collateral coverage, payment history and delinquency experience, financial flexibility and earnings strength, the expected amounts and sources of repayment, the level and nature of contingencies, if any, and the industry and geography in which the borrower operates. These factors are based on an evaluation of historical and current information, and involve subjective assessment and interpretation. Credit counterparties are evaluated and risk-rated on an individual basis at least annually.
The following table presents our recorded investment in loans and leases, disaggregated based on our impairment methodology, as of the dates indicated:
 
Institutional
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Total Loans and Leases
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
51

 
$
56

 
$
414

 
$
421

 
$
465

 
$
477

Collectively evaluated for impairment
11,890

 
9,537

 
—

 
—

 
11,890

 
9,537

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
—

 
—

 
5

 
39

 
5

 
39

Total
$
11,941

 
$
9,593

 
$
419

 
$
460

 
$
12,360

 
$
10,053

As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the entire $22 million allowance for loan losses was related to institutional loans collectively evaluated for impairment.
The following tables present our recorded investment in impaired loans and leases as of the dates, or for the periods, indicated:
 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
(In millions)
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance(1)
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance(1)
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE—property development
$
199

 
$
227

 

 
$
199

 
$
227

 

CRE—property development—acquired credit-impaired
—

 
34

 

 
—

 
34

 

CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
5

 
66

 

 
8

 
69

 

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
—

 
—

 

 
31

 
37

 
—

Total CRE
$
204

 
$
327

 
—

 
$
238

 
$
367

 
—

 
 
 
 
(1) 
As of both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we maintained an allowance for loan losses of $22 million associated with loans and leases that were not impaired.

 
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Revenue Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Revenue Recognized
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE—property development
 
$
199

 
$
201

 
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
199

 
$
203

 
$
8

 
$
8

CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 
6

 
16

 
—

 
—

 
23

 
16

 
—

 
—

CRE—other
 
—

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
1

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE—property development
 
—

 
79

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
79

 
—

 
—

CRE—property development—acquired credit-impaired
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
10

 
—

 
—

CRE—other—acquired credit-impaired
 
—

 
75

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
75

 
—

 
1

CRE—other
 
—

 
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
—

Total CRE
 
$
205

 
$
380

 
$
4

 
$
5

 
$
222

 
$
398

 
$
8

 
$
10


60
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

As of both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 we held an aggregate of approximately $199 million of commercial real estate, or CRE, loans which were modified in troubled debt restructurings. No impairment loss was recognized upon restructuring of the loans, as the discounted cash flows of the modified loans exceeded the carrying amount of the original loans as of the modification date. During the six months ended June 30, 2012 and all of 2011, no loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings.
No institutional loans or leases were 90 days or more contractually past due as of June 30, 2012 or December 31, 2011. Although a portion of the CRE loans was 90 days or more contractually past due as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we do not report them as past-due loans, pursuant to GAAP that governs the accounting for acquired credit-impaired loans.
The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Institutional
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
Institutional
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total Loans
and Leases
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
22

 


 
$
22

 
$
31

 
$
49

 
$
80

Charge-offs
—

 


 
—

 
—

 
(28
)
 
(28
)
Provisions
—

 
$
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(9
)
 
11

 
2

Recoveries
—

 
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

Ending balance
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
22

 
$
22

 
$
32

 
$
54



 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Institutional
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
Institutional
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Total Loans
and Leases
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
22

 


 
$
22

 
$
31

 
$
69

 
$
100

Charge-offs
—

 


 
—

 
—

 
(47
)
 
(47
)
Provisions
—

 
$
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(9
)
 
10

 
1

Recoveries
—

 
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

Ending balance
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
22

 
$
22

 
$
32

 
$
54




61
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 4.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Total
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Total
Beginning balance
$
5,610

 
$
35

 
$
5,645

 
$
5,591

 
$
6

 
$
5,597

Acquisitions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
31

 
31

Foreign currency translation, net
(34
)
 
—

 
(34
)
 
118

 
2

 
120

Ending balance
$
5,576

 
$
35

 
$
5,611

 
$
5,709

 
$
39

 
$
5,748


The following table presents changes in the net carrying amount of other intangible assets during the periods indicated:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
(In millions)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Total
 
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Total
Beginning balance
$
2,408

 
$
51

 
$
2,459

 
$
2,559

 
$
34

 
$
2,593

Acquisitions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
27

 
27

Amortization
(96
)
 
(3
)
 
(99
)
 
(95
)
 
(4
)
 
(99
)
Foreign currency translation, net
(25
)
 
(1
)
 
(26
)
 
92

 
1

 
93

Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

Ending balance
$
2,287

 
$
47

 
$
2,334

 
$
2,556

 
$
60

 
$
2,616


The following table presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of other intangible assets as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
(In millions)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Client relationships
$
2,349

 
$
(706
)
 
$
1,643

 
$
2,369

 
$
(641
)
 
$
1,728

Core deposits
696

 
(134
)
 
562

 
702

 
(117
)
 
585

Other
223

 
(94
)
 
129

 
233

 
(87
)
 
146

Total
$
3,268

 
$
(934
)
 
$
2,334

 
$
3,304

 
$
(845
)
 
$
2,459


62

Note 5.    Other Assets
The following table presents the components of other assets as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Collateral deposits, net
$
8,743

 
$
6,688

Unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments, net
4,175

 
6,366

Investments in joint ventures and other unconsolidated entities
1,199

 
1,060

Accounts receivable
415

 
431

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
408

 
395

Prepaid expenses
319

 
308

Receivable for securities settlement
245

 
20

Deposits with clearing organizations
127

 
222

Non-cash collateral deposits
99

 
110

Income taxes receivable
45

 
989

Other(1)
935

 
550

Total
$
16,710

 
$
17,139

 
 
 
 
(1)  
Amounts for June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 included other real estate owned of approximately $76 million and $75 million, respectively.
Note 6.    Commitments and Contingencies
Securities Finance
On behalf of our clients, we lend their securities, as agent, to brokers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. We require the borrowers to maintain collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. Securities on loan are revalued daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary. Collateral received in connection with our securities lending services is held by us as agent and is not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition.
The collateral held by us as agent is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the indemnified repurchase agreement to provide collateral in an amount equal to or in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase obligation. In our role as agent, the indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral held by us are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition.
The following table summarizes the fair values of indemnified securities financing and related collateral, as well as collateral invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Aggregate fair value of indemnified securities financing
$
314,750

 
$
302,342

Aggregate fair value of cash and securities held as collateral for indemnified securities financing
322,835

 
312,598

Aggregate fair value of collateral for indemnified securities financing invested in indemnified repurchase agreements
85,861

 
88,656

Aggregate fair value of cash and securities held by us or our agents as collateral for indemnified repurchase agreements
89,945

 
93,039

In certain cases, we participate in securities lending transactions as principal, rather than as agent. As principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either a State Street client or a broker/dealer. Collateral provided and received associated with such transactions is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had approximately $8.53 billion and $5.21 billion, respectively, of collateral provided and approximately $5.17 billion and $4.59 billion, respectively, of collateral received in connection with principal securities lending transactions.

63
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are involved in disputes, litigation and regulatory inquiries and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against us, may result in monetary damages, fines and penalties or require changes in our business practices. The resolution of these proceedings is inherently difficult to predict. However, we do not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending proceeding will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or cash flows, although the outcome of certain of the matters described below may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved or a reserve is determined to be required. To the extent that we have established reserves in our consolidated statement of condition for probable loss contingencies, such reserves may not be sufficient to cover our ultimate financial exposure associated with any settlements or judgments. We may be subject to proceedings in the future that, if adversely resolved, would have a material adverse effect on our businesses or on our future consolidated financial statements. Except where otherwise noted below, we have not recorded a reserve with respect to the claims discussed and do not believe that potential exposure, if any, as to any matter discussed can be reasonably estimated.
SSgA
There are three pending lawsuits by individual investors in the active fixed-income strategies that were the subject of our 2010 regulatory settlement with the SEC, the Massachusetts Attorney General and the Massachusetts Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of State. The plaintiffs in these lawsuits seek damages in excess of the payments received in connection with that regulatory settlement plus related costs, including pre-judgment interest and attorneys' fees. One of the three lawsuits was filed by Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Co. in 2007 in New York federal court. On February 3, 2012, the Court issued a ruling finding that Prudential is entitled to a payment from State Street, after adjustment for the compensation received in the regulatory settlement, in the amount of $28.1 million. This award may ultimately be increased if the Court awards Prudential interest and costs. We intend to appeal the Court's February 3, 2012 ruling. The timing of the remaining phases of further trial proceedings or of any appeal cannot currently be determined. We have not established a reserve with respect to this litigation.
The two other pending lawsuits are proceedings in the federal courts in Texas and New York. The plaintiff in the Texas case seeks punitive damages. We have established reserves in connection with our estimated exposure based on settlement discussions with the plaintiffs in these two matters.
We estimate that our exposure in the three pending lawsuits may be, in the aggregate, in a range from approximately $0 to approximately $85 million. This estimated exposure range includes estimated pre-judgment interest and attorneys' fees, if awarded. The estimated exposure range does not include any potential awards of claimed punitive damages, which cannot be reasonably estimated. The actual amount, if any, of our ultimate aggregate liability in these lawsuits may be more or less than the top of the estimated range.
We are currently defending a putative ERISA class action by investors in unregistered SSgA-managed funds which challenges the division of our securities lending-related revenue between the SSgA lending funds and State Street in its role as lending agent. The action alleges, among other things, that State Street breached its fiduciary duty to investors in the SSgA lending funds. The plaintiff contends that State Street's agency lending clients received more favorable fee splits than did clients of the SSgA lending funds.
As previously reported, we managed, through SSgA, four common trust funds for which, in our capacity as manager and trustee, we appointed various Lehman entities as prime broker. As of September 15, 2008 (the date two of the Lehman entities involved entered insolvency proceedings), these funds had cash and securities held by Lehman with net asset values of approximately $312 million. Some clients who invested in the funds managed by us brought litigation against us seeking compensation and additional damages, including double or treble damages, for their alleged losses in connection with our prime brokerage arrangements with Lehman's entities. A total of seven clients were invested in such funds, of which three currently have suits pending against us. Two cases are pending in federal court in Boston and the third is pending in Nova Scotia. We have entered into settlements with three clients, one of which was entered into after the client obtained a €42 million judgment from a Dutch court. As of September 15, 2008, the four clients with whom we have not entered into settlement agreements had approximately $143 million invested in the funds at issue. We have not established a reserve with respect to any of the unsettled claims.
Securities Finance     
Two related participants in our agency securities lending program have brought suit against us challenging actions taken

64
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

by us in response to their withdrawal from the program. We believe that certain withdrawals by these participants were inconsistent with the redemption policy applicable to the agency lending collateral pools and, consequently, redeemed their remaining interests through an in-kind distribution that reflected the assets these participants would have received had they acted in accordance with the collateral pools' redemption policy. The participants have asserted damages of $120 million, an amount that plaintiffs have stated was the difference between the amortized cost and market value of the assets that State Street proposed to distribute to the plans in-kind in or about August 2009. While management does not believe that such difference is an appropriate measure of damages, as of September 30, 2010, the last date on which State Street acted as custodian for the participants, the difference between the amortized cost and market value of the in-kind distribution was approximately $49 million, and if such securities were still held by the participants on such date, would have been approximately $23.2 million as of June 30, 2012. In taking these actions, we believe that we acted in the best interests of all participants in the collateral pools. We have not established a reserve with respect to this litigation.
Foreign Exchange
We offer our custody clients and their investment managers the option to route foreign exchange transactions to our foreign exchange desk through our asset servicing operation. We record as revenue an amount approximately equal to the difference between the rates we set for those trades and indicative interbank market rates at the time of settlement of the trade. As discussed more fully below, claims have been asserted on behalf of certain current and former custody clients, and future claims may be asserted, alleging that our indirect foreign exchange rates (including the differences between those rates and indicative interbank market rates at the time we executed the trades) were not adequately disclosed or were otherwise improper, and seeking to recover, among other things, the full amount of the revenue we obtained from our indirect foreign exchange trading with them.
In October 2009, the Attorney General of the State of California commenced an action under the California False Claims Act and California Business and Professional Code related to services State Street provides to California state pension plans. The California Attorney General asserts that the pricing of certain foreign exchange transactions for these pension plans was governed by the custody contracts for these plans and that our pricing was not consistent with the terms of those contracts and related disclosures to the plans, and that, as a result, State Street made false claims and engaged in unfair competition. The Attorney General asserted actual damages of $56 million for periods from 2001 to 2009 and seeks additional penalties, including treble damages. This action is in the discovery phase.
In October 2010, we entered into a $12 million settlement with the State of Washington. This settlement resolves a contract dispute related to the manner in which we priced some foreign exchange transactions during our ten-year relationship with the State of Washington. Our contractual obligations and related disclosures to the State of Washington were significantly different from those presented in our ongoing litigation in California.
We provide custody and principal foreign exchange services to government pension plans in other jurisdictions. Since the commencement of the litigation in California, attorneys general and other governmental authorities from a number of jurisdictions, as well as U.S. Attorney's offices, the U.S. Department of Labor and the SEC, have requested information or issued subpoenas in connection with inquiries into the pricing of our foreign exchange services. We continue to respond to such inquiries and subpoenas.
We offer indirect foreign exchange services such as those we offer to the California pension plans to a broad range of custody clients in the U.S. and internationally. We have responded and are responding to information requests from a number of clients concerning our indirect foreign exchange rates. In February 2011, a putative class action was filed in federal court in Boston seeking unspecified damages, including treble damages, on behalf of all custodial clients that executed certain foreign exchange transactions with State Street from 1998 to 2009. The putative class action alleges, among other things, that the rates at which State Street executed foreign currency trades constituted an unfair and deceptive practice under Massachusetts law and a breach of the duty of loyalty. A second putative class action is currently pending in federal court in Boston alleging various violations of ERISA on behalf of all ERISA plans custodied with us that executed indirect foreign exchange transactions with State Street between 2001 and 2009. The complaint alleges that State Street caused class members to pay unfair and unreasonable rates for indirect foreign exchange transactions with State Street. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, disgorgement of profits, and other equitable relief.
We have not established a reserve with respect to any of the pending legal proceedings relating to our indirect foreign exchange services. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of the pending proceedings in California or Massachusetts, or whether any other proceedings might be commenced against us by clients or government authorities. We expect that plaintiffs will seek to recover their share of all or a portion of the revenue that we have recorded from providing indirect foreign exchange services. Our total revenue worldwide from such services was approximately $141 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, approximately $331 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately $336 million for the year

65
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

ended December 31, 2010, approximately $369 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 and approximately $462 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Although we did not calculate revenue for such services prior to 2006 in the same manner, and have refined our calculation method over time, we believe that the amount of our revenue for such services has been of a similar or lesser order of magnitude for many years.
We cannot predict the outcome of any pending proceedings or whether a court, in the event of an adverse resolution, would consider our revenue to be the appropriate measure of damages. The resolution of pending proceedings or any that may be filed or threatened could have a material adverse effect on our future consolidated results of operations and our reputation. Our revenue calculations related to indirect foreign exchange services reflect a judgment concerning the relationship between the rates we charge for indirect foreign exchange execution and indicative interbank market rates near in time to execution. Our revenue from foreign exchange trading generally depends on the difference between the rates we set for indirect trades and indicative interbank market rates on the date trades settle.
Shareholder Litigation
Four shareholder-related complaints are currently pending in federal court in Boston. One complaint purports to be a class action on behalf of State Street shareholders. A second complaint is a purported shareholder derivative action on behalf of State Street. The two other complaints purport to be class actions on behalf of participants and beneficiaries in the State Street Salary Savings Program who invested in the program's State Street common stock investment option. The complaints variously allege violations of the federal securities laws, common law and ERISA in connection with our foreign exchange trading business, our investment securities portfolio and our asset-backed commercial paper conduit program.
Lehman Entities
We have claims against Lehman entities, referred to as Lehman, in bankruptcy proceedings in the U.S. and the U.K. We also have amounts that we owe, or return obligations, to Lehman. The various claims and amounts owed have arisen from transactions that existed at the time Lehman entered bankruptcy, including foreign exchange transactions, securities lending arrangements and repurchase agreements. During the three months ended September 30, 2011, we reached agreement with certain Lehman bankruptcy estates in the U.S. to resolve the value of deficiency claims arising out of indemnified repurchase transactions in the U.S., and the bankruptcy court has allowed those claims in the amount of $400 million. In April 2012, we received an initial distribution on this amount. The total amount we ultimately collect will be subject to the availability of assets in those estates. We are in discussions with other Lehman bankruptcy administrators and would expect over time to resolve or obtain greater clarity on the other outstanding claims. We continue to believe that our allowed and/or realizable claims against Lehman exceed our potential return obligations, but the ultimate outcomes of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. In addition, given the complexity of these matters, their resolution and our receipt of related proceeds from the bankruptcy estates are likely to occur in different periods, potentially resulting in the recognition of gains or losses in different periods.
Investment Servicing
State Street Bank is named as a defendant in a series of related complaints by investment management clients of TAG Virgin Islands, Inc., or TAG, who hold custodial accounts with State Street. The complaints, collectively, allege claims for breach of contract, breach of implied in fact contract, gross negligence, negligence, negligent misrepresentation, unjust enrichment, breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting fraud and violation of Massachusetts consumer protection statutes in connection with certain assets managed by TAG and custodied with State Street. The complaints include a putative consolidated class action, which alleges that the class has suffered tens of millions of dollars in damages, and two individual complaints, which seek unspecified damages.
Tax Contingencies
In the normal course of our business, we are subject to challenges from U.S. and non-U.S. income tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges may result in adjustments to the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions or the allocation of taxable income among tax jurisdictions.
Unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2012 totaled approximately $87 million, compared to approximately $125 million as of December 31, 2011. Substantially all of the change was associated with the impact of our previously reported agreement with the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, to close their review of the tax years 2000 - 2006.
The IRS is currently reviewing our U.S. income tax returns for the tax years 2007 - 2009. Management believes that we have sufficiently accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2012 for tax exposures, including, but not limited to, exposures related to the IRS's review of the tax years 2007 - 2009.

66
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Other Contingencies
In the normal course of our business, we offer products that provide book-value protection primarily to plan participants in stable value funds managed by non-affiliated investment managers of post-retirement defined contribution benefit plans, particularly 401(k) plans. Additional information about these products and the related contingencies is provided in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the aggregate notional amount of the contingencies associated with these products, which are individually accounted for as derivative financial instruments, totaled $37.23 billion and $40.96 billion, respectively. The notional amounts of these contingencies are presented as “derivatives not designated as hedging instruments” in the table of aggregate notional amounts of derivative financial instruments provided in note 10 in this Form 10-Q. As of June 30, 2012, we have not made a payment under these contingencies that we consider material to our consolidated financial condition, and management believes that the probability of payment under these contingencies in the future that we would consider material to our consolidated financial condition is remote.
Note 7.    Variable Interest Entities
We are involved with various types of variable interest entities, or VIEs, as defined by GAAP, some of which are recorded in our consolidated financial statements and all of which are described below. We also invest in various forms of asset-backed securities, which we carry in our investment securities portfolio. These asset-backed securities meet the GAAP definition of asset securitization entities, which entities are considered to be VIEs. We are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, as defined by GAAP, since we do not have control over their activities. Additional information about our asset-backed securities is provided in note 2.
Tax-Exempt Investment Program
In the normal course of our business, we structure and sell certificated interests in pools of tax-exempt investment-grade assets, principally to our mutual fund clients. We structure these pools as partnership trusts, and the assets and liabilities of the trusts are recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as investment securities available for sale and other short-term borrowings. We may also provide liquidity and re-marketing services to the trusts. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we carried investment securities available for sale, composed of securities related to state and political subdivisions, with a fair value of $2.74 billion and $2.81 billion, respectively, and other short-term borrowings of $2.22 billion and $2.29 billion, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition in connection with these trusts.
We transfer assets to the trusts from our investment securities portfolio at adjusted book value, and the trusts finance the acquisition of these assets by selling certificated interests issued by the trusts to third-party investors and to State Street as residual holder. These transfers do not meet the de-recognition criteria defined by GAAP, and therefore, are recorded in our consolidated financial statements. The trusts had a weighted-average life of approximately 7.2 years at June 30, 2012, compared to approximately 7.4 years at December 31, 2011.
Under separate legal agreements, we provide standby bond-purchase agreements to these trusts and, with respect to certain securities, letters of credit. Our commitments to the trusts under these standby bond-purchase agreements and letters of credit totaled $2.27 billion and $669 million, respectively, at June 30, 2012, none of which was utilized at period-end. In the event that our obligations under these agreements are triggered, no material impact to our consolidated results of operations or financial condition is expected to occur, because the securities are already recorded at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition.
Collateralized Debt Obligations
We serve as collateral manager for a series of collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs. A CDO is a structured investment vehicle which purchases a portfolio of assets funded through the issuance of several classes of debt and equity, the repayment of and return on which are linked to the performance of the underlying assets. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, and do not record them in our consolidated financial statements. As of both June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the aggregate notional amount of these CDOs was $400 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the carrying amount of the underlying collateral was $134 million and $166 million, respectively. We have not acquired or transferred any investment securities to a CDO since 2005.
Note 8.    Shareholders’ Equity

In March 2012, our Board of Directors approved a new program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2013. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we purchased approximately 11.1

67
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

million shares of our common stock at an average and aggregate cost of approximately $43.26 and $480 million, respectively. We may employ third-party broker/dealers to acquire shares on the open market in connection with our common stock purchase programs.
The following table presents the after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of the dates indicated:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Foreign currency translation
$
(153
)
 
$
—

Net unrealized losses on hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries
(14
)
 
(14
)
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities portfolio
304

 
110

Net unrealized losses related to reclassified available-for-sale securities
(137
)
 
(189
)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
167

 
(79
)
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities designated in fair value hedges
(195
)
 
(210
)
Other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale securities related to factors other than credit
(12
)
 
(17
)
Other-than-temporary impairment on held-to-maturity securities related to factors other than credit
(83
)
 
(86
)
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges
(1
)
 
(5
)
Minimum pension liability
(246
)
 
(248
)
Total
$
(537
)
 
$
(659
)
For the six months ended June 30, 2012, we realized net gains of $5 million from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax gains of $17 million were included in other comprehensive income, or OCI, as of December 31, 2011, net of deferred taxes of $7 million, related to these sales.
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, we realized net gains of $66 million from sales of available-for-sale securities. Unrealized pre-tax gains of $76 million were included in OCI as of December 31, 2010, net of deferred taxes of $30 million, related to these sales.

Note 9.    Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
We carry trading account assets, investment securities available for sale and various types of derivative financial instruments at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our consolidated statement of income or as components of OCI within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.
We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based on a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to valuation methods using significant unobservable inputs (level 3). If the inputs used to measure a financial asset or liability cross different levels of the hierarchy, categorization is based on the lowest-level input that is most significant to the fair value measurement. Management's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the overall fair value measurement of a financial asset or liability requires judgment, and considers factors specific to that asset or liability. The three valuation levels are described below.
Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. Fair value is measured using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. Our level 1 financial assets and liabilities primarily include positions in U.S. government securities and highly liquid U.S. and non-U.S. government fixed-income securities. We carry U.S. government securities in our available-for-sale portfolio in connection with our asset and liability management activities. Our level 1 financial assets also include active exchange-traded equity securities.
Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or

68
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

liability. Level 2 inputs include the following:
•
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
•
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets;
•
Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
•
Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market information through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Our level 2 financial assets and liabilities primarily include trading account assets and fixed-income investment securities, as well as various types of foreign exchange and interest-rate derivative instruments.
Fair value for our investment securities categorized in level 2 is measured primarily using information obtained from independent third parties. This third-party information is subject to review by management as part of a validation process, which includes obtaining an understanding of the underlying assumptions and the level of market participant information used to support those assumptions. In addition, management compares significant assumptions used by third parties to available market information. Such information may include known trades or, to the extent that trading activity is limited, comparisons to market research information pertaining to credit expectations, execution prices and the timing of cash flows, and where information is available, back-testing.
Derivative instruments categorized in level 2 predominantly represent foreign exchange contracts used in our trading activities, for which fair value is measured using discounted cash flow techniques, with inputs consisting of observable spot and forward points, as well as observable interest rate curves. With respect to derivative instruments, we evaluate the impact on valuation of the credit risk of our counterparties and our own credit risk. We consider factors such as the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties, our current and potential future net exposures and remaining maturities in determining the appropriate measurements of fair value. Valuation adjustments associated with derivative instruments were not material to those instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.
Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities with values based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management's judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the financial asset or liability, and are based on the best available information, some of which is internally developed. The following provides a more detailed discussion of our financial assets and liabilities that we may categorize in level 3 and the related valuation methodology.
•
Fair value for our investment securities categorized in level 3 is measured using information obtained from third-party sources, typically non-binding broker or dealer quotes, or through the use of internally developed pricing models. Management has evaluated its methodologies used to determine fair value, but has considered the level of observable market information to be insufficient to categorize the securities in level 2.
•
The fair value of foreign exchange contracts carried in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, primarily composed of options, is measured using an option pricing model. Because of a limited number of observable transactions, certain model inputs are not observable, such as implied volatility surface, but are derived from observable market information.
•
The fair value of certain interest-rate caps with long-dated maturities, also carried in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, is measured using a matrix pricing approach. Observable market prices are not available for these derivatives, so extrapolation is necessary to value these instruments, since they have a strike and/or maturity outside of the matrix.
Our level-3 financial assets and liabilities are similar in structure and profile to our level-1 and level-2 financial instruments, but they trade in less liquid markets, and the measurement of their fair value is inherently more difficult. As of June 30, 2012, on a gross basis, we categorized in level 3 approximately 6% and 2% of our financial assets and liabilities, respectively, carried at fair value on a recurring basis. We generally determine the fair value of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities using pricing information from third-party sources, typically non-binding broker and dealer quotes, and, to a lesser extent, using internally developed pricing models. The fair value of investment securities categorized in level 3 that was measured using non-binding quotes and internally developed pricing model inputs composed approximately 96% and 4%, respectively, of the total fair value of the investment securities categorized in level 3 as of June 30, 2012.
The fair value measurement process for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities is overseen by a valuation group within Corporate Finance, independent of the business units that carry the assets and liabilities. This function, which develops and manages the valuation process, reports to State Street's Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee, composed of senior management from independent business units, Enterprise Risk Management and Corporate Finance, oversees adherence to State Street's valuation

69
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

policies.
The valuation group performs independent validation of the pricing information obtained from third-party sources in order to evaluate reasonableness and consistency with market experience in similar asset classes. Monthly analyses include a review of price changes relative to overall trends, credit analysis and other relevant procedures (discussed below). In addition, prices for level-3 securities carried in our investment portfolio are tested on a sample basis based on unusual pricing movements.These sample prices are then corroborated through price recalculations, when applicable, using available market information, which is obtained independent of the third-party pricing source. The recalculated prices are compared to market research information pertaining to credit expectations, execution prices and the timing of cash flows, and where information is available, back-testing. If a difference is identified and it is determined that there is a significant impact requiring an adjustment, a recommendation is presented to the Valuation Committee for review and consideration.
Independent validation is also performed on fair value measurements determined using internally developed pricing models. The pricing models are subject to independent validation through our Model Assessment Committee, a corporate risk committee that provides technical recommendations to the Valuation Committee. This validation process incorporates a review of a diverse set of model and trade parameters across a broad range of values in order to evaluate the model's suitability for valuation of a particular financial instrument type, as well as the model's accuracy in reflecting the characteristics of the related financial asset or liability and its significant risks. Inputs and assumptions, including any price valuation adjustments, are developed by the business units and independently reviewed by the valuation group. Model valuations are compared to available market information including appropriate proxy instruments and other benchmarks to highlight abnormalities for further investigation.
Measuring fair value requires the exercise of management judgment. The level of subjectivity and the degree of management judgment required is more significant for financial instruments whose fair value is measured using inputs that are not observable. The areas requiring significant judgment are identified, documented and reported to the Valuation Committee as part of the valuation control framework. We believe that our valuation methods are appropriate; however, the use of different methodologies or assumptions, particularly as they apply to level-3 financial assets and liabilities, could materially affect fair value measurements as of the reporting date.
The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated. No transfers of financial assets or liabilities between levels 1 and 2 occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2012 or the year ended December 31, 2011.

70
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
as of June 30, 2012
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
20

Non-U.S. government securities
369

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
369

Other
71

 
$
146

 
 
 
 
 
217

Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
393

 
896

 


 
 
 
1,289

Mortgage-backed securities
—

 
33,216

 
$
933

 
 
 
34,149

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
—

 
16,251

 
484

 
 
 
16,735

Credit cards
—

 
9,522

 
274

 
 
 
9,796

Sub-prime
—

 
1,330

 
—

 
 
 
1,330

Other
—

 
763

 
3,094

 
 
 
3,857

Total asset-backed securities
—

 
27,866

 
3,852

 

 
31,718

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
—

 
10,542

 
273

 
 
 
10,815

Asset-backed securities
—

 
4,280

 
1,362

 
 
 
5,642

Government securities
—

 
1,821

 
—

 
 
 
1,821

Other
—

 
3,672

 
1

 
 
 
3,673

Total non-U.S. debt securities
—

 
20,315

 
1,636

 
 
 
21,951

State and political subdivisions
—

 
7,259

 
49

 
 
 
7,308

Collateralized mortgage obligations
—

 
4,429

 
301

 
 
 
4,730

Other U.S. debt securities
—

 
4,449

 
—

 
 
 
4,449

U.S. equity securities
—

 
676

 
—

 
 
 
676

Non-U.S. equity securities
—

 
108

 
—

 
 
 
108

Total investment securities available for sale
393

 
99,214

 
6,771

 

 
106,378

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
7,237

 
160

 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
—

 
184

 
—

 
 
 
 
Total derivative instruments
—

 
7,421

 
160

 
$
(3,406
)
 
4,175

Other
99

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
101

Total assets carried at fair value
$
952

 
$
106,783

 
$
6,931

 
$
(3,406
)
 
$
111,260

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
5

Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
$
7,041

 
$
157

 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
—

 
304

 
—

 
 
 
 
Other
—

 
—

 
9

 
 
 
 
Total derivative instruments
—

 
7,345

 
166

 
$
(3,085
)
 
4,426

Other
99

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
99

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
104

 
$
7,345

 
$
166

 
$
(3,085
)
 
$
4,530

 
 
 
 
(1) 
Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities, where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $744 million and $424 million, respectively, for cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties. This netting cannot be disaggregated by type of derivative instrument.
 

71
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
as of December 31, 2011
(In millions)
Quoted Market
Prices in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Observable
Market Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Pricing Methods
with Significant
Unobservable
Market Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Impact of Netting(1)
 
Total Net
Carrying Value
in Consolidated
Statement of
Condition
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
20

Non-U.S. government securities
498

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
498

Other
51

 
$
138

 
 
 
 
 
189

Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
1,727

 
1,109

 
 
 
 
 
2,836

Mortgage-backed securities
—

 
28,832

 
$
1,189

 
 
 
30,021

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
—

 
15,685

 
860

 
 
 
16,545

Credit cards
—

 
10,396

 
91

 
 
 
10,487

Sub-prime
—

 
1,404

 
—

 
 
 
1,404

Other
—

 
667

 
2,798

 
 
 
3,465

Total asset-backed securities
—

 
28,152

 
3,749

 
 
 
31,901

Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
—

 
9,418

 
1,457

 
 
 
10,875

Asset-backed securities
—

 
2,535

 
1,768

 
 
 
4,303

Government securities
—

 
1,671

 
—

 
 
 
1,671

Other
—

 
2,754

 
71

 
 
 
2,825

Total non-U.S. debt securities
—

 
16,378

 
3,296

 
 
 
19,674

State and political subdivisions
—

 
6,997

 
50

 
 
 
7,047

Collateralized mortgage obligations
—

 
3,753

 
227

 
 
 
3,980

Other U.S. debt securities
—

 
3,613

 
2

 
 
 
3,615

U.S. equity securities
—

 
640

 
—

 
 
 
640

Non-U.S. equity securities
1

 
117

 
—

 
 
 
118

Total investment securities available for sale
1,728

 
89,591

 
8,513

 
 
 
99,832

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
12,045

 
168

 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
—

 
1,795

 
10

 
 
 
 
Other
—

 
1

 
—

 
 
 
 
Total derivative instruments
—

 
13,841

 
178

 
$
(7,653
)
 
6,366

Other
110

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
110

Total assets carried at fair value
$
2,407

 
$
103,570

 
$
8,691

 
$
(7,653
)
 
$
107,015

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
$
12,191

 
$
161

 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
 
 
1,970

 
11

 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
1

 
9

 
 
 
 
Total derivative instruments


 
14,162

 
181

 
$
(7,653
)
 
$
6,690

Other
$
110

 
—

 
20

 
—

 
130

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
110

 
$
14,162

 
$
201

 
$
(7,653
)
 
$
6,820

 
 
 
 
(1) 
Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities, where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between State Street and the counterparty. This netting cannot be disaggregated by type of derivative instrument.
 

72
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present activity related to our level-3 financial assets and liabilities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Transfers into and out of level 3 are reported as of the beginning of the period. During both the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, transfers out of level 3 were substantially related to certain mortgage- and asset-backed securities and non-U.S. debt securities, for which fair value was measured using prices for which observable market information became available.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Fair
Value at
March 31,
2012
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2012
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities
$
912

 
$
50

 


 
 
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
$
(29
)
 
$
933

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
511

 
—

 


 
$
1

 
$
(8
)
 


 
 
 
 
 
(20
)
 
484

 
 
Credit cards
119

 
—

 


 
2

 
(4
)
 
$
157

 
 
 

 
—

 
274

 
 
Other
3,090

 
—

 


 
11

 
9

 
213

 
 
 


 
(229
)
 
3,094

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
3,720

 
—

 


 
14

 
(3
)
 
370

 

 


 
(249
)
 
3,852

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
469

 
—

 
$
(338
)
 
—

 
3

 
147

 

 


 
(8
)
 
273

 
 
Asset-backed securities
1,035

 
—

 
(483
)
 
—

 
1

 
840

 

 


 
(31
)
 
1,362

 
 
Other
314

 
—

 
(308
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 

 


 
(1
)
 
1

 
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities
1,818

 
—

 
(1,129
)
 
—

 
—

 
987

 

 


 
(40
)
 
1,636

 
 
State and political subdivisions
50

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 


 
(1
)
 
49

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
193

 
45

 
(59
)
 
66

 
—

 
177

 
 
 


 
(121
)
 
301

 
 
Total investment securities available for sale
6,693

 
95

 
(1,188
)
 
80

 
(3
)
 
1,534

 

 


 
(440
)
 
6,771

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
127

 
—

 
—

 
(77
)
 
—

 
157

 
 
 


 
(47
)
 
160

 
$
(52
)
Total assets carried at fair value
$
6,820

 
$
95

 
$
(1,188
)
 
$
3

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1,691

 
—

 
—

 
$
(487
)
 
$
6,931

 
$
(52
)

73
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Fair
Value at
March 31,
2012
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
 
Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2012
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
126

 
 
 
 
 
$
(78
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
150

 
 
 
$
(41
)
 
$
157

 
$
(52
)
Other
9

 

 

 
—

 

 


 
—

 


 
—

 
9

 
—

Total derivative instruments
135

 

 

 
(78
)
 

 


 
150

 


 
(41
)
 
166

 
(52
)
Other
20

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 


 
—

 


 
(20
)
 
—

 
—

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
155

 
—

 
—

 
$
(78
)
 
—

 
—

 
$
150

 
—

 
$
(61
)
 
$
166

 
$
(52
)

74
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Fair
Value at
December 31, 2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2012
(in millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities
$
1,189

 
$
50

 
$
(251
)
 
 
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
$
(55
)
 
$
933

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
860

 
—

 
(341
)
 
$
1

 
$
(10
)
 


 
 
 
 
 
(26
)
 
484

 
 
Credit cards
91

 
21

 
—

 
3

 
(3
)
 
$
224

 
 
 
$
(62
)
 
—

 
274

 
 
Other
2,798

 
—

 
—

 
21

 
25

 
569

 
 
 
(12
)
 
(307
)
 
3,094

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
3,749

 
21

 
(341
)
 
25

 
12

 
793

 

 
(74
)
 
(333
)
 
3,852

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
1,457

 
—

 
(1,495
)
 
—

 
4

 
306

 
 
 
—

 
1

 
273

 
 
Asset-backed securities
1,768

 
—

 
(1,568
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,207

 
 
 
—

 
(45
)
 
1,362

 
 
Other
71

 
—

 
(372
)
 
 
 
(4
)
 
308

 
 
 
—

 
(2
)
 
1

 
 
Total Non-U.S. debt securities
3,296

 
—

 
(3,435
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,821

 

 
—

 
(46
)
 
1,636

 
 
State and political subdivisions
50

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
—

 
(1
)
 
49

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
227

 
45

 
(191
)
 
201

 
—

 
282

 
 
 
—

 
(263
)
 
301

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
 
Total investment securities available for sale
8,513

 
116

 
(4,218
)
 
226

 
12

 
2,896

 

 
(74
)
 
(700
)
 
6,771

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
168

 
—

 
—

 
(108
)
 
—

 
198

 
 
 
—

 
(98
)
 
160

 
$
(73
)
Interest-rate contracts
10

 
—

 
—

 
(10
)
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
1

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

Total derivative instruments
178

 
—

 
—

 
(118
)
 
—

 
198

 


 
1

 
(99
)
 
160

 
(73
)
Total assets carried at fair value
$
8,691

 
$
116

 
$
(4,218
)
 
$
108

 
$
12

 
$
3,094

 
—

 
$
(73
)
 
$
(799
)
 
$
6,931

 
$
(73
)

75
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
 
Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2012
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
161

 
 
 

 
$
(115
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
195

 
 
 
$
(84
)
 
$
157

 
$
(68
)
Interest-rate contracts
11

 
 
 

 
(10
)
 
 
 


 
—

 


 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

Other
9

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
9

 
—

Total derivative instruments
181

 

 

 
(125
)
 

 


 
195

 


 
(85
)
 
166

 
(68
)
Other
20

 

 

 
—

 

 


 
—

 


 
(20
)
 
—

 
—

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
201

 
—

 
—

 
$
(125
)
 
—

 
—

 
$
195

 
—

 
$
(105
)
 
$
166

 
$
(68
)

76
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Fair
Value at
March 31, 2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2011
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Direct obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
17

 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
898

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
62

 
 
 
 
 
$
(28
)
 
932

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
1,308

 
 
 
$
(308
)
 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
300

 
 
 
 
 
(11
)
 
1,289

 
 
Credit cards
75

 
 
 
(15
)
 
1

 
—

 
19

 
 
 
 
 
(1
)
 
79

 
 
Other
2,248

 
$
114

 
(135
)
 
9

 
3

 
295

 
 
 
 
 
(4
)
 
2,530

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
3,631

 
114

 
(458
)
 
11

 
2

 
614

 


 


 
(16
)
 
3,898

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
682

 
—

 
(506
)
 
—

 
—

 
182

 
 
 
 
 
3

 
361

 
 
Asset-backed securities
1,125

 
—

 
(60
)
 
—

 
1

 
761

 
 
 
 
 
(78
)
 
1,749

 
 
Other
6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
6

 
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities
1,813

 
—

 
(566
)
 
—

 
1

 
943

 


 


 
(75
)
 
2,116

 
 
State and political subdivisions
51

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
2

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
54

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
228

 
—

 
(196
)
 
199

 
—

 
142

 
 
 
 
 
(200
)
 
173

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
(1
)
 
2

 
 
Total investment securities available for sale
6,624

 
114

 
(1,220
)
 
210

 
4

 
1,780

 


 


 
(320
)
 
7,192

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
227

 
—

 
—

 
(37
)
 
—

 
96

 
 
 
$
(2
)
 
(82
)
 
202

 
$
(29
)
Interest-rate contracts
8

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
(1
)
Total derivative instruments
235

 
—

 
—

 
(38
)
 
—

 
96

 


 
(2
)
 
(82
)
 
209

 
(30
)
Total assets carried at fair value
$
6,859

 
$
114

 
$
(1,220
)
 
$
172

 
$
4

 
$
1,876

 
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(402
)
 
$
7,401

 
$
(30
)






77
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Fair
Value at
March 31,
2011
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
 
Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2011
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
232

 


 
 
 
$
(20
)
 
 
 
$
(2
)
 
 
 
$
79

 
$
(84
)
 
$
205

 
$
(17
)
Interest-rate contracts
—

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
$
14

 
—

 
—

 
14

 
14

Other
9

 


 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
—

Total derivative instruments
241

 


 


 
(20
)
 


 
(2
)
 
14

 
79

 
(84
)
 
228

 
(3
)
Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
241

 
—

 
—

 
$
(20
)
 
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
14

 
$
79

 
$
(84
)
 
$
228

 
$
(3
)

78
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Fair
Value at
December 31,
2010
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
 
Change in
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2011
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
17

 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
673

 


 
$
(404
)
 


 
$
1

 
699

 

 

 
$
(37
)
 
932

 
 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student loans
1,234

 


 
(341
)
 
$
3

 
—

 
421

 

 

 
(28
)
 
1,289

 
 
Credit cards
43

 


 
(16
)
 
2

 
(2
)
 
51

 

 

 
1

 
79

 
 
Other
2,000

 
$
114

 
(135
)
 
16

 
49

 
570

 

 

 
(84
)
 
2,530

 
 
Total asset-backed securities
3,277

 
114

 
(492
)
 
21

 
47

 
1,042

 

 

 
(111
)
 
3,898

 
 
Non-U.S. debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
396

 
—

 
(702
)
 
—

 
—

 
653

 

 

 
14

 
361

 
 
Asset-backed securities
740

 
—

 
(120
)
 
—

 
12

 
1,253

 

 

 
(136
)
 
1,749

 
 
Government securities
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 

 

 
(1
)
 
—

 
 
Other
8

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 

 

 
(1
)
 
6

 
 
Total non-U.S. debt securities
1,145

 
—

 
(822
)
 
—

 
11

 
1,906

 

 

 
(124
)
 
2,116

 
 
State and political subdivisions
50

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

 

 

 
—

 
54

 
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations
359

 
—

 
(329
)
 
333

 
(2
)
 
165

 

 

 
(353
)
 
173

 
 
Other U.S. debt securities
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 

 

 
(1
)
 
2

 
 
Total investment securities available for sale
5,507

 
114

 
(2,047
)
 
354

 
59

 
3,831

 

 

 
(626
)
 
7,192

 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
254

 
—

 
—

 
(104
)
 
—

 
154

 


 
$
(3
)
 
(99
)
 
202

 
$
(59
)
Interest-rate contracts
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
10

 
 
 
—

 
—

 
7

 
8

Total derivative instruments
254

 
—

 
—

 
(107
)
 
—

 
164

 

 
(3
)
 
(99
)
 
209

 
(51
)
Total assets carried at fair value
$
5,761

 
$
114

 
$
(2,047
)
 
$
247

 
$
59

 
$
3,995

 
—

 
$
(3
)
 
$
(725
)
 
$
7,401

 
$
(51
)

79
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
 
Fair
Value at
December 31,
2010
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized (Gains) Losses
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 
Settlements
 
Fair
Value at
June 30,
2011
 
Change in
Unrealized
(Gains)
Losses
Related to
Financial
Instruments
Held at
June 30,
2011
(In millions)
Recorded
in
Revenue
 
Recorded
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
260

 


 

 
$
(88
)
 

 
$
(3
)
 


 
$
144

 
$
(108
)
 
$
205

 
$
(49
)
Interest-rate contracts
—

 


 

 
1

 

 
—

 
$
13

 
—

 
—

 
14

 
14

Other
9

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
—

Total derivative instruments
269

 


 

 
(87
)
 

 
(3
)
 
13

 
144

 
(108
)
 
228

 
(35
)
Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
269

 
—

 
—

 
$
(87
)
 
—

 
$
(3
)
 
$
13

 
$
144

 
$
(108
)
 
$
228

 
$
(35
)

The following table presents total realized and unrealized gains and losses for the periods indicated that were recorded in revenue for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held at
June 30, 2012
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Recorded
in Revenue
 
Change in
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Related to
Financial
Instruments Held at
June 30, 2012
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading services
$
1

 
$
(18
)
 

 
$
(27
)
 
$
7

 
$
(20
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(16
)
Total fee revenue
1

 
(18
)
 

 
(27
)
 
7

 
(20
)
 
(5
)
 
(16
)
Net interest revenue
80

 
210

 

 
—

 
226

 
354

 
—

 
—

Total revenue
$
81

 
$
192

 
—

 
$
(27
)
 
$
233

 
$
334

 
$
(5
)
 
$
(16
)

 

80
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents quantitative information about the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which we use internally developed pricing models. The significant unobservable inputs for our level-3 financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured using pricing information from non-binding broker or dealer quotes are not included in the table, as the specific inputs applied are not provided by the broker/dealer.
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level-3 Fair Value Measurements
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant
Unobservable Input
 
 Weighted-Average
Significant unobservable inputs readily available to State Street:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities, student loans
 
$
11

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
8.4%
Asset-backed securities, credit cards
 
138

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
2.9%
Asset-backed securities, other
 
104

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
1.3%
Non-U.S. debt securities, other
 
1

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
.3%
State and political subdivisions
 
49

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Credit spread
 
1.9%
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
160

 
Option model
 
Volatility
 
11.3%
Total
 
$
463

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
$
157

 
Option model
 
Volatility
 
11.2%
Derivative instruments, other
 
9

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Participant redemptions
 
6.4%
Total
 
$
166

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The following table presents information with respect to the composition of our level-3 financial assets and liabilities by availability of significant unobservable inputs as of June 30, 2012:
 
 
Fair Value at June 30, 2012
(In millions)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Readily Available to State Street (1)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs Not Developed by State Street and Not Readily Available (2)
 
Total Assets and Liabilities with Significant Unobservable Inputs
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
$
933

 
$
933

Asset-backed securities, student loans
 
$
11

 
473

 
484

Asset-backed securities, credit cards
 
138

 
136

 
274

Asset-backed securities, other
 
104

 
2,990

 
3,094

Non-U.S. debt securities, mortgage-backed securities
 
—

 
273

 
273

Non-U.S. debt securities, asset-backed securities
 
—

 
1,362

 
1,362

Non-U.S. debt securities, other
 
1

 
—

 
1

State and political subdivisions
 
49

 
—

 
49

Collateralized mortgage obligations
 
—

 
301

 
301

Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
160

 
—

 
160

Total
 
$
463

 
$
6,468

 
$
6,931

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, foreign exchange contracts
 
$
157

 
 
 
$
157

Derivative instruments, other
 
9

 
 
 
9

Total
 
$
166

 
—

 
$
166

 
 
 
 
 
(1) Information with respect to these model-priced financial assets and liabilities is provided in the preceding table.
(2) Fair value for these financial assets is measured using non-binding broker or dealer quotes.
Internally developed pricing models used to measure the fair value of our recurring level-3 financial assets and liabilities incorporate discounted cash flow and option modeling techniques. Use of these techniques requires the determination of relevant

81
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, changes in these unobservable inputs may have a significant impact on fair value.
Certain of these unobservable inputs will (in isolation) have a directionally consistent impact on the fair value of the instrument for a given change in that input. Alternatively, the fair value of the instrument may move in an opposite direction for a given change in another input. Where multiple inputs are used within the valuation technique of an asset or liability, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change in another input having a potentially muted impact to the overall fair value of that particular instrument. Additionally, a change in one unobservable input may result in a change to another unobservable input (that is, changes in certain inputs are interrelated to one another), which may counteract or magnify the fair value impact.
For recurring level-3 fair value measurements for which significant unobservable inputs are readily available to State Street as of June 30, 2012, the sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in significant unobservable inputs, and a description of any interrelationships between those unobservable inputs, is described below; however, we rarely experience a situation in which those unobservable inputs change in isolation:
•
The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our asset-backed securities and investment securities issued by state and political subdivisions is the credit spread. Significant increases (decreases) in the credit spread would result in measurements of significantly lower (higher) fair value.
•
The significant unobservable inputs used in the measurement of the fair value of our other non-U.S. debt securities, specifically securities collateralized by sovereign trade credit obligations, are discount rates, expected recovery and expected maturity. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate and the expected maturity in isolation would result in measurements of significantly lower (higher) fair value. A significant increase (decrease) in the expected recovery would result in measurements of significantly higher (lower) fair value. However, a change in the discount rate plays a much more significant role in the measurement of fair value.
•
The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our foreign exchange option contracts is the implied volatility surface. A significant increase (decrease) in the implied volatility surface would result in measurements of significantly higher (lower) fair value.
•
The significant unobservable input used in the measurement of the fair value of our other derivative instruments, specifically stable value wrap contracts, is participant redemptions. Increased volatility of redemptions may result in changes to the measurement of fair value. Generally, significant increases (decreases) in participant redemptions may result in measurements of significantly higher (lower) fair value of this liability.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated statement of condition, as defined by GAAP, are generally subjective in nature, and are made as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. Disclosure of fair value estimates is not required by GAAP for certain items, such as lease financing, equity-method investments, obligations for pension and other post-retirement plans, premises and equipment, other intangible assets and income-tax assets and liabilities. Accordingly, aggregate fair value estimates presented do not purport to represent, and should not be considered representative of, our underlying “market” or franchise value. In addition, because of potential differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values, our estimates of fair value should not be compared to those of other financial institutions.
We use the following methods to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments:
•
For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quoted prices are used to estimate fair value.
•
For financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate, we assume that the fair value of these instruments approximates their reported value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk.
•
For financial instruments for which no quoted market prices are available, fair value is estimated using information obtained from independent third parties, or by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument.
The generally short duration of certain of our assets and liabilities results in a significant number of financial instruments for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount reported in our consolidated statement of condition. These financial instruments are reported in the following captions in our consolidated statement of condition: cash and due from banks; interest-bearing deposits with banks; securities purchased under resale agreements; accrued income receivable; deposits; securities sold under repurchase agreements; federal funds purchased; and other short-term borrowings. In addition, due to the relatively short duration of certain of our net loans (excluding leases), we consider fair value for these loans to approximate their reported value. The fair value of

82
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

other types of loans, such as purchased receivables and CRE loans, is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities. Loan commitments have no reported value because their terms are at prevailing market rates.
The following table presents the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial instruments defined by GAAP, excluding financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as they would be categorized within the fair-value hierarchy as of June 30, 2012.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
(In millions)
 
Reported Amount 
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2) 
 
Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
6,088

 
$
6,088

 
$
6,088

 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
31,145

 
31,145

 

 
$
31,145

 
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements
 
8,144

 
8,144

 
—

 
8,144

 
 
Investment securities held to maturity
 
7,807

 
7,934

 
—

 
7,898

 
$
36

Loans (excluding leases)
 
11,139

 
11,145

 
—

 
10,044

 
1,101

Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Noninterest-bearing
 
41,194

 
41,194

 
—

 
41,194

 
—

     Interest-bearing-U.S.
 
11,209

 
11,209

 
—

 
11,209

 
—

     Interest-bearing-non-U.S.
 
91,368

 
91,368

 
—

 
91,368

 
—

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
8,893

 
8,893

 
—

 
8,893

 
—

Federal funds purchased
 
671

 
671

 
—

 
671

 
—

Other short-term borrowings
 
4,714

 
4,714

 
—

 
4,714

 
—

Long-term debt
 
6,392

 
6,636

 
—

 
5,746

 
890

The following table presents the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial instruments defined by GAAP, excluding the aforementioned short-duration financial instruments and financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as of December 31, 2011:
(In millions)
Reported
Amount
 
Fair
Value
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
Investment securities held to maturity
$
9,321

 
$
9,362

Net loans (excluding leases)
8,777

 
8,752

 
 
 
 
Financial Liabilities:
 
 
 
Long-term debt
8,131

 
8,206


 
Note 10.    Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest-rate and currency risk. In undertaking these activities, we assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts and interest-rate futures.
Interest-rate contracts involve an agreement with a counterparty to exchange cash flows based on the movement of an underlying interest-rate index. An interest-rate swap agreement involves the exchange of a series of interest payments, either at a fixed or variable rate, based on the notional amount without the exchange of the underlying principal amount. An interest-rate option contract provides the purchaser, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to receive an interest rate based upon a predetermined

83
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

notional amount during a specified period. An interest-rate futures contract is a commitment to buy or sell, at a future date, a financial instrument at a contracted price; it may be settled in cash or through the delivery of the contracted instrument.
Foreign exchange contracts involve an agreement to exchange one currency for another currency at an agreed-upon rate and settlement date. Foreign exchange contracts generally consist of foreign exchange forward and spot contracts, option contracts and cross-currency swaps. Future cash requirements, if any, related to foreign exchange contracts are represented by the gross amount of currencies to be exchanged under each contract unless we and the counterparty have agreed to pay or to receive the net contractual settlement amount on the settlement date.
Derivative financial instruments involve the management of interest-rate and foreign currency risk, and involve, to varying degrees, market risk and credit and counterparty risk (risk related to repayment). Market risk is defined as the risk of adverse financial impact due to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and other market-driven factors and prices. We use a variety of risk management tools and methodologies to measure, monitor and manage the market risk associated with our trading activities. One such risk-management measure is value-at-risk, or VaR. VaR is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk-measurement system to estimate VaR daily. We have adopted standards for estimating VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk in accordance with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk guidelines.
Derivative financial instruments are also subject to credit and counterparty risk, which is defined as the risk of financial loss if a borrower or counterparty is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with the underlying contractual terms. We manage credit and counterparty risk by performing credit reviews, maintaining individual counterparty limits, entering into netting arrangements and requiring the receipt of collateral. Collateral requirements are determined after a comprehensive review of the creditworthiness of each counterparty, and the requirements are monitored and adjusted daily. Collateral is generally held in the form of cash or highly liquid U.S. government securities. We may be required to provide collateral to the counterparty in connection with our entry into derivative financial instruments. Collateral received and collateral provided in connection with derivative financial instruments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had recorded approximately $1.14 billion and $1.15 billion, respectively, of cash collateral received and approximately $1.39 billion and $1.48 billion, respectively, of cash collateral provided in connection with derivative financial instruments in our consolidated statement of condition.
We enter into master netting agreements with many of our derivative counterparties, and we have elected to net derivative assets and liabilities, including cash collateral received or deposited, which are subject to those agreements. Certain of these agreements contain credit risk-related contingent features in which the counterparty has the option to declare State Street in default and accelerate cash settlement of our net derivative liabilities with the counterparty in the event our credit rating falls below specified levels. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position as of June 30, 2012 totaled approximately $381 million, against which we had posted aggregate collateral of approximately $19 million. If State Street’s credit rating was downgraded below levels specified in the agreements, the maximum additional amount of payments related to termination events that could have been required pursuant to these contingent features as of June 30, 2012 was approximately $362 million. Such accelerated settlement would not affect our consolidated results of operations.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
In connection with our trading activities, we use derivative financial instruments in our role as a financial intermediary and as both a manager and servicer of financial assets, in order to accommodate our clients' investment and risk management needs. In addition, we use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes as economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges, in order to contribute to our overall corporate earnings and liquidity. These activities are designed to generate trading revenue and to manage volatility in our net interest revenue. The level of market risk that we assume is a function of our overall objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility.
With respect to cross-border investing, clients have a need for foreign exchange forward contracts to convert currency for international investment and to manage the currency risk in their investment portfolios. As an active participant in the foreign exchange markets, we provide foreign exchange forward contracts and options in support of our clients' needs with respect to their management of currency risk. As part of our trading activities, we may assume positions in both the foreign exchange and interest-rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and using derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest-rate options and interest-rate swaps, interest-rate forward contracts, and interest-rate futures. In the aggregate, positions are matched closely to minimize currency and interest-rate risk.
We offer products that provide book-value protection primarily to plan participants in stable value funds managed by non- affiliated investment managers of post-retirement defined contribution benefit plans, particularly 401(k) plans. We account for the associated contingencies, more fully described in note 6, individually as derivatives not designated as hedging instruments. These contracts are valued quarterly and unrealized losses, if any, are recorded in other expenses in our consolidated statement of income.

84
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
In connection with our asset and liability management activities, we use derivative financial instruments to manage our interest-rate risk. Interest-rate risk, defined as the sensitivity of income or financial condition to variations in interest rates, is a significant non-trading market risk to which our assets and liabilities are exposed. These hedging relationships are formally designated, and qualify for hedge accounting, as fair value or cash flow hedges. We manage interest-rate risk by identifying, quantifying and hedging our exposures, using fixed-rate portfolio securities and a variety of derivative financial instruments, most frequently interest-rate swaps and options (e.g., interest rate caps and floors). Interest-rate swap agreements alter the interest-rate characteristics of specific balance sheet assets or liabilities. When appropriate, forward rate agreements, options on swaps, and exchange-traded futures and options are also used.
 Fair value hedges
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the risk of changes in fair value of recognized assets and liabilities. Differences between the gains and losses on fair value hedges and the gains and losses on the asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk represent hedge ineffectiveness. We use interest-rate or foreign exchange contracts in this manner to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of hedged items caused by changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest revenue from certain available-for-sale securities from a fixed rate to a floating rate. The securities hedged have a weighted-average life of approximately 7.2 years as of June 30, 2012, compared to 7.4 years as of December 31, 2011. These securities are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts of similar maturity, repricing and fixed-rate coupons. The interest-rate swap contracts convert the interest revenue from a fixed rate to a floating rate indexed to LIBOR, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest expense on two senior notes and two subordinated notes from fixed rates to floating rates. The senior notes mature in 2016 and 2021; one pays fixed interest at a 2.875% annual rate and the other pays fixed interest at a 4.375% annual rate. The subordinated notes mature in 2018; one pays fixed interest at a 4.956% annual rate and the other pays fixed interest at a 5.25% annual rate. The senior and subordinated notes are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts with notional amounts, maturities and fixed-rate coupon terms that align with the hedged notes. The interest-rate swap contracts convert the fixed-rate coupons to floating rates indexed to LIBOR, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair values of the subordinated notes stemming from changes in the benchmark interest rates.
We have entered into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in fair value attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency denominated investment securities. These forward contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the fair value of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. Generally, no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings, since the notional amount of the hedging instruments is aligned with the carrying value of the hedged securities. The forward points on the hedging instruments are considered to be a hedging cost, and accordingly are excluded from the evaluation of hedge effectiveness and recorded in net interest revenue.
Cash flow hedges
Derivatives categorized as cash flow hedges are utilized to offset the variability of cash flows to be received from or paid on a floating-rate asset or liability. Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges is defined as the extent to which the changes in fair value of the derivative exceeded the variability of cash flows of the forecasted transaction.
We have entered into interest-rate swap agreements to modify our interest revenue from certain available-for-sale securities from a floating rate to a fixed rate. The securities hedged have a weighted-average life of approximately 2.3 years as of June 30, 2012, compared to 2.8 years as of December 31, 2011. These securities are hedged with interest-rate swap contracts of similar maturities, repricing and other characteristics. The interest-rate swap contracts convert the interest revenue from a floating rate to a fixed rate, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the securities attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  
We have entered into foreign exchange contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to foreign exchange movements in the funding of non-functional currency denominated investment securities. These foreign exchange contracts convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars, thereby mitigating our exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows of the securities attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. Generally, no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings, since the critical terms of the hedging instruments and the hedged securities are aligned.
The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments entered into in connection with our trading and asset and liability management activities as of the dates indicated:

85
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts:
 
 
 
Swap agreements and forwards
$
3,429

 
$
238,008

Options and caps purchased
90

 
1,431

Options and caps written
90

 
1,324

Futures
4,979

 
66,620

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
Forward, swap and spot
828,073

 
1,033,045

Options purchased
15,818

 
11,215

Options written
15,773

 
12,342

Credit derivative contracts:
 
 
 
Credit default swap agreements
28

 
105

Other:
 
 
 
Stable value contracts
37,235

 
40,963

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts:
 
 
 
Swap agreements
3,808

 
3,872

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
Forward and swap
2,397

 
2,613

In connection with our asset and liability management activities, we have entered into interest-rate contracts designated as fair value and cash flow hedges to manage our interest-rate risk. The following table presents the aggregate notional amounts of these interest-rate contracts and the related assets or liabilities being hedged as of the dates indicated:

 
June 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
(In millions)
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
Hedges
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 
Total
Investment securities available for sale
$
1,232

 
$
126

 
$
1,358

 
$
1,298

 
$
124

 
$
1,422

Long-term debt(1)
2,450

 
—

 
2,450

 
2,450

 
—

 
2,450

Total
$
3,682

 
$
126

 
$
3,808

 
$
3,748

 
$
124

 
$
3,872

 
 
 
 
(1) 
As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, fair value hedges of long-term debt increased the carrying value of long-term debt presented in our consolidated statement of condition by $172 million and $140 million, respectively.

The following table presents the contractual and weighted-average interest rates for long-term debt, which include the effects of the hedges presented in the table above, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt
3.98
%
 
3.14
%
 
3.55
%
 
3.16
%
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
 
Contractual
Rates
 
Rate Including
Impact of Hedges
Long-term debt
3.95
%
 
3.19
%
 
3.55
%
 
3.18
%


86
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present the fair value of the derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. The impact of master netting agreements is disclosed in note 9.

 
 
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
(In millions)
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other assets
 
$
7,395

 
Other liabilities
 
$
7,152

Interest-rate contracts
Other assets
 
6

 
Other liabilities
 
5

Other derivative contracts
Other assets
 
—

 
Other liabilities
 
9

Total
 
 
$
7,401

 
 
 
$
7,166

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
Other assets
 
$
178

 
Other liabilities
 
$
299

Foreign exchange contracts
Other assets
 
2

 
Other liabilities
 
46

Total
 
 
$
180

 
 
 
$
345

 
 
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
December 31, 2011
 
December 31, 2011
(In millions)
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other assets
 
$
12,210

 
Other liabilities
 
$
12,315

Interest-rate contracts
Other assets
 
1,682

 
Other liabilities
 
1,688

Other derivative contracts
Other assets
 
1

 
Other liabilities
 
10

Total
 
 
$
13,893

 
 
 
$
14,013

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
Other assets
 
$
123

 
Other liabilities
 
$
293

Foreign exchange contracts
Other assets
 
3

 
Other liabilities
 
37

Total
 
 
$
126

 
 
 
$
330

 
The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivative in Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in
Consolidated Statement
of Income
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
(In millions)
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
Trading services revenue
 


 
$
(8
)
 
$
(88
)
 
$
(18
)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and other revenue
 


 
—

 
2

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
Trading services revenue
 
$
129

 
168

 
346

 
327

Foreign exchange contracts
Processing fees and other revenue
 
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
1

Total
 
 
$
128

 
$
156

 
$
257

 
$
310

 

87
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized  in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement  of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
 
 
June 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
$
56

 
$
40

 
Long-
term debt
 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
$
(50
)
 
$
(37
)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
(31
)
 
(6
)
 
Available-
for-sale securities
 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
29

 
2

Foreign exchange contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
(26
)
 
4

 
Investment
securities
 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
26

 
(4
)
Total
 
 
$
(1
)
 
$
38

 
 
 
 
 
$
5

 
$
(39
)
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized  in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement  of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
 
 
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
$
19

 
$
16

 
Long-
term debt
 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
$
(17
)
 
$
(14
)
Interest-rate contracts
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
(16
)
 
10

 
Available-
for-sale securities
 
Processing fees and
other revenue
 
11

 
(14
)
Total
 
 
$
3

 
$
26

 
 
 
 
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(28
)

Differences between the gains (losses) on the derivative and the gains (losses) on the hedged item, excluding any amounts recorded in net interest revenue, represent hedge ineffectiveness.
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
 
 
June 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
 
 
June 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
$
2

 
$
3

 
Net interest revenue
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(3
)
 
Net interest revenue
 

 
$
1

Foreign exchange contracts
1

 
1

 
Net interest revenue
 
—

 
—

 
Net interest revenue
 

 
—

Total
$
3

 
$
4

 
 
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(3
)
 
 
 
—

 
$
1

 
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) Reclassified
from OCI to
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income
 
Amount of Gain
(Loss) on Derivative
Recognized in
Consolidated
Statement of Income
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
 
 
 
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
 
 
 
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2011
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate contracts
$
4

 
$
4

 
Net interest revenue
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(4
)
 
Net interest revenue
 
$
1

 
$
2

Total
$
4

 
$
4

 
 
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(4
)
 
 
 
$
1

 
$
2



88
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Note 11.    Net Interest Revenue
The following table presents the components of interest revenue and interest expense, and related net interest revenue, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Interest revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
35

 
$
28

 
$
77

 
$
55

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
206

 
198

 
405

 
404

State and political subdivisions
54

 
55

 
108

 
111

Other investments
406

 
364

 
811

 
719

Securities purchased under resale agreements
13

 
6

 
22

 
16

Loans and leases
71

 
67

 
126

 
147

Other interest-earning assets
1

 
1

 
2

 
1

Total interest revenue
786

 
719

 
1,551

 
1,453

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
37

 
44

 
90

 
102

Short-term borrowings
19

 
24

 
37

 
51

Long-term debt
54

 
76

 
120

 
147

Other interest-bearing liabilities
4

 
3

 
7

 
4

Total interest expense
114

 
147

 
254

 
304

Net interest revenue
$
672

 
$
572

 
$
1,297

 
$
1,149


Note 12.    Acquisition and Restructuring Costs
The following table presents acquisition and restructuring costs incurred in the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Acquisition costs
$
15

 
$
13

 
$
28

 
$
27

Restructuring charges, net
22

 
4

 
30

 
9

Total acquisition and restructuring costs
$
37

 
$
17

 
$
58

 
$
36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Acquisition Costs
The acquisition costs incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 were composed of integration costs incurred primarily in connection with our acquisition of the Intesa securities services business. The acquisition costs incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 were composed of integration costs primarily associated with the Intesa securities services business, Mourant International Finance Administration and Bank of Ireland Asset Management acquisitions.
Restructuring Charges
The net restructuring charges incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, more fully described below, included $18 million and $33 million, respectively, related to the business operations and information technology transformation program. The remaining restructuring charges of $4 million and $(3) million, respectively, were related to actions initiated by us in 2011 associated with expense control measures, specifically our withdrawal from our fixed-income trading initiative. The restructuring charges incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 related solely to the business operations and information technology transformation program.
Information with respect to both initiatives (the business operations and information technology transformation program

89
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

and the expense control measures), including charges, staff reductions and aggregate activity in the related accruals, is provided in the two sections that follow.
Business Operations and Information Technology Transformation Program
In November 2010, we announced a global multi-year business operations and information technology transformation program. The program includes operational, information technology and targeted cost initiatives, including plans related to reductions in both staff and occupancy costs. To date, we have recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $322 million in our consolidated statement of income, composed of $156 million in 2010, $133 million in 2011 and $33 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012.
The charges related to the program included costs associated with severance, benefits and outplacement services, as well as costs which resulted from actions taken to reduce our occupancy costs through consolidation of real estate. In addition, the charges include costs related to information technology, including transition fees associated with the expansion of our use of service providers associated with components of our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support.
In 2010, in connection with the program, we initiated the involuntary termination of 1,400 employees, or approximately 5% of our global workforce, which was substantially complete at the end of 2011. In addition, in 2011, in connection with the expansion of our use of service providers associated with our information technology infrastructure and application maintenance and support, we identified approximately 530 employees to be provided with severance and outplacement services as their roles were eliminated. As of June 30, 2012, in connection with the planned aggregate staff reduction of 1,930 employees described above, 1,613 employees had been involuntarily terminated and left State Street, including 281 employees during the six months ended June 30, 2012.
Expense Control Measures
During the three months ended December 31, 2011, in connection with expense control measures designed to calibrate our expenses to our outlook for our capital markets-facing businesses in 2012, we took two actions. First, we withdrew from our fixed-income trading initiative, under which we traded in fixed-income securities and derivatives as principal with our custody clients and other third-parties that trade in these securities and derivatives. Second, we undertook other targeted staff reductions. As a result of these actions, we recorded aggregate pre-tax restructuring charges of $120 million in 2011, and a net credit adjustment of $(3) million in the six months ended June 30, 2012, in our consolidated statement of income.
 The charges included costs related to severance, benefits and outplacement services related to both the withdrawal from the fixed-income initiative and the other targeted staff reductions. In connection with the employee-related actions, we identified 442 employees to be provided with severance and outplacement services as their roles were eliminated. As of June 30, 2012, 301 employees had been involuntarily terminated and left State Street, including approximately 286 employees in the six months ended June 30, 2012. The charges also included costs associated with fair-value adjustments to the initiative's trading portfolio resulting from our decision to withdraw from the initiative, as well as costs related to other asset write-downs and contract terminations.
The following table presents aggregate activity associated with accruals that resulted from the charges associated with the business operations and information technology transformation program and expense control measures, for the six months ended June 30, 2012:
 
(In millions)
Employee-
Related
Costs
 
Real Estate
Consolidation
 
Information Technology
Costs
 
Fixed-Income Trading Portfolio
 
Asset and Other Write-Offs
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
162

 
$
39

 
$
33

 
$
38

 
$
15

 
$
287

Additional accruals for business operations and information technology transformation program
14

 
6

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
33

Accruals for expense control measures
1

 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
5

 
(3
)
Payments and adjustments
(69
)
 
(4
)
 
(23
)
 
(26
)
 
(6
)
 
(128
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
108

 
$
41

 
$
23

 
$
3

 
$
14

 
$
189



90
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 13.    Earnings Per Common Share
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Net income
$
490

 
$
513

 
$
917

 
$
984

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock dividends
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
(14
)
 
(7
)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
(9
)
Net income available to common shareholders
$
480

 
$
502

 
$
897

 
$
968

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic average common shares
481,404

 
496,806

 
483,165

 
497,137

Effect of dilutive securities: common stock options and common stock awards
7,114

 
4,238

 
5,980

 
3,616

Diluted average common shares
488,518

 
501,044

 
489,145

 
500,753

Anti-dilutive securities(2)
5,525

 
1,434

 
5,678

 
1,155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per Common Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.00

 
$
1.01

 
$
1.86

 
$
1.95

Diluted(3)
.98

 
1.00

 
1.83

 
1.93

 
 
 
 
(1) 
Represented the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities; participating securities, composed of unvested restricted stock and director stock, have non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to dividends paid to common shareholders.
(2) 
Represented common stock options and other equity-based awards outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average shares because their effect was anti-dilutive.
(3) 
Calculations reflect the allocation of earnings to participating securities using the two-class method, as this computation is more dilutive than the calculation using the treasury stock method.
Note 14.    Line of Business Information
We have two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management. Given our services and management organization, the results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. Information about our two lines of business, as well as revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies with respect to these lines of business, is provided in note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2011 Form 10-K.
The following is a summary of our line of business results for the periods indicated. The “Other” columns for 2012 included the net realized loss from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities; acquisition-related integration costs; restructuring charges associated with our business operations and information technology transformation program and expense control measures; and litigation settlement costs. The "Other" columns for 2011 included acquisition-related integration costs and restructuring charges associated with our business operations and information technology transformation program. The amounts in the “Other” columns were not allocated to State Street's business lines. Results for the 2011 periods reflect the retroactive effect of management changes in methodology related to funds transfer pricing and expense allocation in 2012.

91
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Other
 
Total
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,086

 
$
1,124

Management fees
—

 
—

 
$
246

 
$
250

 
 
 
 
 
246

 
250

Trading services
255

 
311

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
255

 
311

Securities finance
127

 
116

 
16

 
21

 
 
 
 
 
143

 
137

Processing fees and other
37

 
53

 
11

 
17

 
 
 
 
 
48

 
70

Total fee revenue
1,505

 
1,604

 
273

 
288

 
 
 
 
 
1,778

 
1,892

Net interest revenue
650

 
546

 
22

 
26

 
 
 
 
 
672

 
572

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
19

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
(27
)
 
27

Total revenue
2,174

 
2,177

 
295

 
314

 
(46
)
 
 
 
2,423

 
2,491

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
(1
)
 
2

Expenses from operations
1,511

 
1,529

 
217

 
228

 
—

 
 
 
1,728

 
1,757

Acquisition and restructuring costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
37

 
$
17

 
37

 
17

Litigation settlement costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
7

 
—

Total expenses
1,511

 
1,529

 
217

 
228

 
44

 
17

 
1,772

 
1,774

Income before income tax expense
$
664

 
$
646

 
$
78

 
$
86

 
$
(90
)

$
(17
)
 
$
652

 
$
715

Pre-tax margin
31
%
 
30
%
 
26
%
 
27
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average assets (in billions)
$
184.9

 
$
159.1

 
$
4.2

 
$
5.2

 
 
 
 
 
$
189.1

 
$
164.3


 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions,
except where otherwise noted)
Investment
Servicing
 
Investment
Management
 
Other
 
Total
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Fee revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing fees
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,164

 
$
2,219

Management fees
—

 
—

 
$
482

 
$
486

 
 
 
 
 
482

 
486

Trading services
535

 
613

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
535

 
613

Securities finance
215

 
175

 
25

 
28

 
 
 
 
 
240

 
203

Processing fees and other
97

 
122

 
45

 
40

 
 
 
 
 
142

 
162

Total fee revenue
3,011

 
3,129

 
552

 
554

 
 
 
 
 
3,563

 
3,683

Net interest revenue
1,254

 
1,094

 
43

 
55

 
 
 
 
 
1,297

 
1,149

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
30

 
20

 
—

 
—

 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
(16
)
 
20

Total revenue
4,295

 
4,243

 
595

 
609

 
(46
)
 
 
 
4,844

 
4,852

Provision for loan losses
(1
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
(1
)
 
1

Expenses from operations
3,074

 
2,977

 
453

 
463

 
—

 
 
 
3,527

 
3,440

Acquisition and restructuring costs, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
58

 
$
36

 
58

 
36

Litigation settlement costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22

 
—

 
22

 
—

Total expenses
3,074

 
2,977

 
453

 
463

 
80

 
36

 
3,607

 
3,476

Income before income tax expense
$
1,222

 
$
1,265

 
$
142

 
$
146

 
$
(126
)
 
$
(36
)
 
$
1,238

 
$
1,375

Pre-tax margin
28
%
 
30
%
 
24
%
 
24
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average assets (in billions)
$
184.5

 
$
156.5

 
$
4.1

 
$
4.9

 
 
 
 
 
$
188.6

 
$
161.4

 

92
STATE STREET CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Note 15.    Non-U.S. Activities
We define our non-U.S. activities as those revenue-producing business activities that arise from clients domiciled outside the U.S. Due to the integrated nature of our business, precise segregation of our U.S. and non-U.S. activities is not possible. Subjective estimates and other judgments have been applied to determine the financial results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities, including our application of funds transfer pricing, our asset and liability management policies and the allocation of certain indirect corporate expenses. Interest expense allocations are based on our internal funds transfer pricing methodology.
The following table presents our non-U.S. financial results for the periods indicated. Results for 2011 reflect the retroactive effect of management changes in methodology related to funds transfer pricing and direct and indirect expense allocation in 2012.
   
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(In millions)
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
Total fee revenue
$
731

 
$
793

 
$
1,469

 
$
1,536

Net interest revenue
242

 
244

 
474

 
464

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net
(35
)
 
(3
)
 
(32
)
 
(9
)
Total revenue
938

 
1,034

 
1,911

 
1,991

Expenses
768

 
862

 
1,557

 
1,630

Income before income taxes
170

 
172

 
354

 
361

Income tax expense
42

 
44

 
88

 
92

Net income
$
128

 
$
128

 
$
266

 
$
269

Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 included a loss of $46 million from the sale of all of our Greek investment securities (refer to note 2). Non-U.S. revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 included $278 million and $508 million, respectively, in the U.K., primarily from our London operations.
The following table presents the significant components of our non-U.S. assets as of the dates indicated, based on the domicile of the underlying counterparties:
(In millions)
June 30,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
$
22,379

 
$
10,772

Investment securities
26,747

 
25,376

Other assets
9,780

 
10,246

Total non-U.S. assets
$
58,906

 
$
46,394

 

93

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Shareholders and Board of Directors of
State Street Corporation
We have reviewed the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation (the "Corporation") as of June 30, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 and changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation as of December 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, not presented herein, and in our report dated February 27, 2012, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 2011, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
August 3, 2012

94

FORM 10-Q PART I CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
The information required by the items presented below is incorporated herein by reference from the “Financial Information” section of this Form 10-Q.
 
 
 
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.


95

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(c) On March 14, 2012, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock purchase program authorizing the purchase by us of up to $1.8 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2013. We may employ third-party broker/dealers to acquire shares on the open market in connection with our common stock purchase programs.
The following table presents purchases of our common stock and related information for each of the months in the quarter ended June 30, 2012.
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands)
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Yet to be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Program
Period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 1 - April 30, 2012
 
1,616

 
$45.56
 
$74
 
$1,726
May 1 - May 31, 2012
 
7,194

 
43.23

 
311

 
1,415

June 1 - June 30, 2012
 
2,288

 
41.74

 
95

 
1,320

Total
 
11,098

 
$43.26
 
$480
 
$1,320
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index on page 98 of this Form 10-Q are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to other SEC filings.


96

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
STATE STREET CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
Date: August 3, 2012
 
By:
 
/s/    EDWARD J. RESCH        
 
 
 
 
Edward J. Resch,
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
Date: August 3, 2012
 
By:
 
/s/    JAMES J. MALERBA        
 
 
 
 
James J. Malerba,
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

97

EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
10.1
 
2006 Equity Incentive Plan As Amended and Restated (2012) (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to State Street's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference)
 
 
 
 
12
  
Ratios of earnings to fixed charges
 
 
 
 
15
  
Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information
 
 
 
 
31.1
  
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
31.2
  
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
32
  
Section 1350 Certifications
 
 
 
 
101.INS
  
XBRL Instance Document*
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
  
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
 
 
 
 
*
Submitted electronically herewith
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Condition as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, (v) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, and (vi) Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.






98