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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
Our effective income tax rate was 36.0% and 44.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This decrease primarily includes a 7.9% discrete tax benefit recognized upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 and a 2.1% tax benefit from an increase in excludable income for state tax purposes which is partially offset by a discrete charge of 4.2% due to changes in uncertain tax positions. The remaining decrease is attributable to nondeductible expenses, tax credits and disqualifying dispositions of previously nondeductible stock based compensation.
During the three months ended, March 31, 2017, our unrecognized tax benefits increased from $0.9 million to $3.4 million. Of the $3.4 million, $1.9 million would affect our tax expense, if recognized. Included in the $1.9 million is $0.1 million for interest and $0.2 million for penalties. Our unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to change significantly during the next 12 months.
We are subject to tax in U.S. federal and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as Canada. We are not subject to any material income tax examinations in federal or state jurisdictions for tax years prior to January 1, 2011. We previously paid Notices of Proposed Assessments disallowing employment tax credits totaling $10.5 million, plus interest and penalties of $4.0 million in connection with the IRS examination of Gevity HR, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which was acquired by TriNet in June 2009. This issue is being resolved through litigation. With regard to these employment tax credits, we believe it is more likely than not that we will prevail and realize our receivable included in other noncurrent assets without a charge to our statement of income. Therefore, no reserve has been recognized related to this matter.