10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34654

WAFD, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Washington			91-1661606
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
425 Pike Street	Seattle	Washington	98101
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (206) 624-7930

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share	WAFD	NASDAQ Stock Market
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 4.875% Fixed Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock	WAFDP	NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes   ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐   No  ☒

The registrant had outstanding 81,414,833 shares of common stock as of April 30, 2024.

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

PART I
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	The Consolidated Financial Statements of WaFd, Inc. and Subsidiaries filed as a part of the report are as follows:
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	8
	Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	47
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	59
PART II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	61
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	61
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	62
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	62
Item 5.	Other Information	62
Item 6.	Exhibits	63
	Signatures	64

2

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(UNAUDITED)

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial statements

	March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands, except share data)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,505,771	$	980,649
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114		1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882		423,586
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $201,577 and $177,207	20,795,259		17,476,550
Loans held for sale	2,993,658		—
Interest receivable	115,484		87,003
Premises and equipment, net	243,465		237,011
Real estate owned	4,245		4,149
FHLB stock	160,817		126,820
Bank owned life insurance	264,043		242,919
Intangible assets, including goodwill of $411,401 and $304,750	453,539		310,619
Federal and state income tax assets, net	146,833		8,479
Other assets	561,178		581,793
	$	30,140,288	$	22,474,675
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Customer accounts
Transaction deposit accounts	$	12,338,862	$	10,765,313
Time deposit accounts	9,000,911		5,305,016
	21,339,773		16,070,329
Borrowings	5,345,518		3,650,000
Junior subordinated deferrable debentures	50,254		—
Senior debt
$95,000 face amount, 6.5% interest rate, due September 30, 2024	93,729		—
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	49,350		52,550
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	339,758		275,370
	27,218,382		20,048,249
Commitments and contingencies (see Note I)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; 300,000 and 300,000 shares issued; 300,000 and 300,000 shares outstanding	300,000		300,000
Common stock, $1.00 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized; 153,834,612 and 136,466,579 shares issued; 81,405,391 and 64,736,916 shares outstanding	153,835		136,467
Additional paid-in capital	2,143,343		1,687,634
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	51,935		46,921
Treasury stock, at cost; 72,429,221 and 71,729,663 shares	(1,629,512)		(1,612,345)
Retained earnings	1,902,305		1,867,749
	2,921,906		2,426,426
	$	30,140,288	$	22,474,675

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands, except share data)
INTEREST INCOME
Loans receivable	$	274,341	$	222,957	$	520,133	$	426,903
Mortgage-backed securities	12,905		10,422		24,171		21,035
Investment securities and cash equivalents	31,580		21,967		61,368		40,827
	318,826		255,346		605,672		488,765
INTEREST EXPENSE
Customer accounts	116,164		52,123		212,835		83,769
Borrowings, senior debt and junior subordinated debentures	44,065		28,185		82,003		47,159
	160,229		80,308		294,838		130,928
Net interest income	158,597		175,038		310,834		357,837
Provision for credit losses	16,000		3,500		16,000		6,000
Net interest income after provision (release)	142,597		171,538		294,834		351,837
OTHER INCOME
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities	90		—		171		—
Gain (loss) on termination of hedging derivatives	6		26		115		26
Loan fee income	550		652		1,394		2,154
Deposit fee income	6,698		6,188		13,500		12,541
Other income	6,048		3,206		12,379		9,375
	13,392		10,072		27,559		24,096
OTHER EXPENSE
Compensation and benefits	73,155		51,444		122,996		100,514
Occupancy	10,918		10,918		20,289		21,020
FDIC insurance premiums	7,900		4,000		14,470		7,675
Product delivery	5,581		5,316		11,590		9,937
Information technology	12,883		12,785		25,749		25,114
Other expense	23,275		12,418		35,158		24,899
	133,712		96,881		230,252		189,159
Gain (loss) on real estate owned, net	(1,315)		(199)		511		(311)
Income before income taxes	20,962		84,530		92,652		186,463
Income tax expense	5,074		18,596		18,311		41,020
Net income	15,888		65,934		74,341		145,443
Dividends on preferred stock	3,656		3,656		7,312		7,312
Net income available to common shareholders	$	12,232	$	62,278	$	67,029	$	138,131
PER SHARE DATA
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.17	$	0.95	$	1.00	$	2.11
Diluted earnings per common share	0.17		0.95		1.00		2.11
Dividends paid on common stock per share	0.26		0.25		0.51		0.49
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	70,129,072		65,511,131		67,197,352		65,425,623
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	70,164,558		65,551,185		67,225,099		65,510,275

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4

Table of Contents                    (CONTINUED)

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	15,888	$	65,934
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on available-for-sale investment securities, net of tax of $514 and $(5,705)	(1,730)		18,993
Reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss from sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income, net of tax of $(21) and $0	69		—
Net unrealized gain (loss) from investment securities, net of reclassification adjustment	(1,661)		18,993
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on borrowings cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(4,160) and $5,075	6,582		(16,897)
Net unrealized gain (loss) in cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	6,582		(16,897)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	4,921		2,096
Comprehensive income	$	20,809	$	68,030

	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	74,341	$	145,443
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on available-for-sale investment securities, net of tax of $(8,780) and $(4,047)	29,546		13,471
Reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss from sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income, net of tax of $(40) and $0	132		—
Net unrealized gain (loss) from investment securities, net of reclassification adjustment	29,678		13,471
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on borrowings cash flow hedges, net of tax of $5,121 and $6,648	(24,664)		(22,130)
Net unrealized gain (loss) in cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	(24,664)		(22,130)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	5,014		(8,659)
Comprehensive income	$	79,355	$	136,784

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5

Table of Contents                    (CONTINUED)

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(UNAUDITED) 

(in thousands)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	300,000	$	136,679	$	1,691,102	$	1,906,557	$	47,014	$	(1,629,348)	$	2,452,004
Net income	—		—		—		15,888		—		—		15,888
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		4,921		—		4,921
Dividends on common stock ($0.26 per share)	—		—		—		(16,484)		—		—		(16,484)
Dividends on preferred stock ($12.1875 per share)	—		—		—		(3,656)		—		—		(3,656)
Stock issued in merger	—		17,089		448,415		—		—		—		465,504
Proceeds from stock issuances	—		40		1,042		—		—		—		1,082
Stock-based compensation expense	—		27		2,784		—		—		74		2,885
Treasury stock purchased	—		—		—		—		—		(238)		(238)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	300,000	$	153,835	$	2,143,343	$	1,902,305	$	51,935	$	(1,629,512)	$	2,921,906
(in thousands)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	300,000	$	136,373	$	1,689,209	$	1,749,008	$	41,726	$	(1,591,935)	$	2,324,381
Net income	—		—		—		65,934		—		—		65,934
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		2,096		—		2,096
Dividends on common stock ($0.25 per share)	—		—		—		(16,243)		—		—		(16,243)
Dividends on preferred stock ($12.1875 per share)	—		—		—		(3,657)		—		—		(3,657)
Proceeds from stock issuances	—		9		249		—		—		—		258
Stock-based compensation expense	—		31		(5,738)		—		—		8,163		2,456
Treasury stock purchased	—		—		—		—		—		(108)		(108)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	300,000	$	136,413	$	1,683,720	$	1,795,042	$	43,822	$	(1,583,880)	$	2,375,117

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6

Table of Contents                    (CONTINUED)

(in thousands)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at October 1, 2023	$	300,000	$	136,467	$	1,687,634	$	1,867,749	$	46,921	$	(1,612,345)	$	2,426,426
Net income	—		—		—		74,341		—		—		74,341
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		5,014		—		5,014
Dividends on common stock ($0.51 per share)	—		—		—		(32,472)		—		—		(32,472)
Dividends on preferred stock ($24.3750 per share)	—		—		—		(7,313)		—		—		(7,313)
Stock issued in merger	—		17,089		448,415		—		—		—		465,504
Proceeds from stock issuances	—		95		2,435		—		—		—		2,530
Stock-based compensation expense	—		184		4,859		—		—		137		5,180
Treasury stock purchased	—		—		—		—		—		(17,304)		(17,304)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	300,000	$	153,835	$	2,143,343	$	1,902,305	$	51,935	$	(1,629,512)	$	2,921,906
(in thousands)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at October 1, 2022	$	300,000	$	136,271	$	1,686,975	$	1,688,740	$	52,481	$	(1,590,207)	$	2,274,260
Net income	—		—		—		145,443		—		—		145,443
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(8,659)		—		(8,659)
Dividends on common stock ($0.49 per share)	—		—		—		(31,828)		—		—		(31,828)
Dividends on preferred stock ($24.3750 per share)	—		—		—		(7,313)		—		—		(7,313)
Proceeds from stock issuances	—		33		990		—		—		—		1,023
Stock-based compensation expense	—		109		(4,245)		—		—		8,163		4,027
Treasury stock purchased	—		—		—		—		—		(1,836)		(1,836)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	300,000	$	136,413	$	1,683,720	$	1,795,042	$	43,822	$	(1,583,880)	$	2,375,117

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7

Table of Contents                    (CONTINUED)

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED) 

	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	74,341	$	145,443
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, accretion and other, net	205,721		864
Stock-based compensation expense	5,180		4,027
Provision (release) for credit losses	16,000		6,000
Loss (gain) on sale of investment securities	(171)		—
Gain on settlements of bank owned life insurance	—		(821)
Net realized (gain) loss on sales of premises, equipment, and real estate owned	(2,567)		(130)
Impairment loss on premises and equipment	—		6
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable	(2,784)		(15,197)
Decrease (increase) in federal and state income tax receivable	(9,213)		—
Decrease (increase) in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(3,343)		(2,898)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	44,394		12,840
Increase (decrease) in federal and state income tax liabilities	—		1,961
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(48,096)		(41,170)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	279,462		110,925
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Origination of loans and principal repayments, net	(328,829)		(1,076,495)
Loans purchased	—		(79,965)
FHLB stock purchased	(312,810)		(372,005)
FHLB stock redeemed	350,475		320,000
Available-for-sale securities purchased	(214,707)		(115,931)
Principal payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities	150,666		178,589
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	176,402		—
Held-to-maturity securities purchased	(47,670)		—
Principal payments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities	15,800		17,936
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned	6,271		810
Proceeds from settlement of bank owned life insurance	—		1,809
Purchase of strategic investments	(1,097)		(7,434)
Net cash received (paid) in business combinations	625,773		—
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	1,341		664
Premises and equipment purchased and REO improvements	(12,623)		(5,009)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	408,992		(1,137,031)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase (decrease) in customer accounts	(368,952)		(168,622)
Proceeds from borrowings	11,387,889		9,675,000
Repayments of borrowings	(11,124,509)		(8,000,000)
Proceeds from the early termination of long term borrowing hedge
Proceeds from stock-based awards	1,972		1,023
Dividends paid on common stock	(32,472)		(31,828)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(7,314)		(7,313)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase	558		—
Treasury stock purchased	(17,304)		(1,836)
Increase (decrease) in advances payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	(3,200)		(5,739)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(163,332)		1,460,685
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	525,122		434,579
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	980,649		683,965
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,505,771	$	1,118,544

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8

Table of Contents                    (CONTINUED)

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Non-cash investing activities
Real estate acquired through foreclosure	$	—	$	121
Non-cash financing activities
Preferred stock dividend payable	3,656		3,656
Cash paid (received) during the period for
Interest	311,021		135,037
Income tax	11,066		30,951
The following summarizes the non-cash activities related to acquisitions
Fair value of assets and intangibles acquired	$	7,676,343	$	—
Fair value of liabilities assumed	(7,316,675)		—
Net fair value of assets (liabilities)	$	359,668	$	—

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9

Table of Contents

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE A – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Company and Nature of Operations - Washington Federal Bank, a federally-insured Washington state chartered commercial bank dba WaFd Bank (the “Bank” or “WaFd Bank”), was founded on April 24, 1917 in Ballard, Washington and is engaged primarily in providing lending, depository, insurance and other banking services to consumers, mid-sized to large businesses, and owners and developers of commercial real estate. Washington Federal, Inc., a Washington corporation, was formed as the Bank’s holding company in November, 1994.

On September 27, 2023, Articles of Amendment were filed with the Washington Secretary of State to change the name of Washington Federal, Inc. to WaFd, Inc. This change was effective on September 29, 2023. As used throughout this document, the terms “WaFd” or the “Company” or “we” or “us” and “our” refer to WaFd, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to the operating subsidiary, Washington Federal Bank dba WaFd Bank.

The Company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The Bank conducts its activities through a network of 210 bank branches located in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and California.

Basis of Presentation - The Company has prepared the consolidated unaudited interim financial statements included in this report. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements.

On February 29, 2024, WaFd, Inc. closed its previously announced merger with Luther Burbank Corporation ("Luther Burbank" or "LBC"), a California corporation, effective as of 12:00am on March 1, 2024 (the "Effective Time"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time Luther Burbank merged with and into the Company (the “Corporate Merger”), with the Company surviving the Corporate Merger. Promptly following the Corporate Merger, Luther Burbank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, merged with and into WaFd Bank with the WaFd Bank as the surviving institution (the “Bank Merger”). The Corporate Merger and the Bank Merger are collectively referred to in this Current Report on Form 10-Q as the “Merger.”

The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and was effectively an all-stock transaction accounted for as a business combination. The Company's financial results for any periods ended prior to February 29, 2024 reflect WaFd results only on a standalone basis. As a result, financial results for the second quarter of 2024 may not be directly comparable to prior reported periods. Refer to Note B - Business Combination for further details.

The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes contained in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 17, 2023 ("2023 Annual Financial Statements"). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements are disclosed in its 2023 Annual Financial Statements. There have not been any significant changes in the Company's significant accounting policies compared to those contained in its 2023 Annual Financial Statements.

Business Combinations - The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Management utilizes prevailing valuation techniques appropriate for the asset or liability being measured in determining these fair values. This method often involves estimates based on third party valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred. Fair values are subject to refinement over the measurement period, not to exceed one year after the closing date.

10

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Preferred Stock - On February 8, 2021, in connection with an underwritten public offering, the Company issued 300,000 shares of 4.875% Noncumulative Perpetual Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”). Net proceeds, after underwriting discounts and expenses, were $293,325,000. The public offering consisted of the issuance and sale of 12,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a public offering price of $25.00 per depositary share. Holders of the depositary shares are entitled to all proportional rights and preferences of the Series A Preferred Stock (including dividend, voting, redemption and liquidation rights). The depositary shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "WAFDP." The Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company, subject to all applicable regulatory approvals, on or after April 15, 2026.

Restricted Cash Balances - The Company was not required to maintain cash reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company held counterparty cash collateral of $282,700,000 and $326,750,000, respectively, related to derivative contracts.

Equity Securities - The Company records equity securities within Other assets in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These equity investments are accounted for under different methods.

•Low-income housing tax credit investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method.

•For equity investments where the Company has significant influence, the Company applies the equity method of accounting, which adjusts the carrying value of the investment to recognize a proportionate share of the financial results of the investment entity, regardless of whether any distribution is made. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•For investments in certain nonmarketable equity securities investments where the equity method of accounting is not applicable, the Company applies the fair value method. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value is determined by reference to readily determinable market values, if applicable. As these investments do not have readily determinable fair values, they are generally accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable transactions involving the same or similar investments from the same issuer. This practice is referred to as the measurement alternative.

•Equity investments in qualified real estate funds can use the NAV expedient for fair value measurement. Under this method, the net asset value (NAV) determined by the fund is used as fair value for the investment. At March 31, 2024, equity investments held by the Company and recorded at NAV had a carrying amount of $36,703,000 and a remaining unfunded commitment of $3,280,000. These NAV based investments cannot be transferred without consent and we do not have redemption rights. Equity investments measured at NAV are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans Receivable) - The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. The current expected credit loss methodology (“CECL”) requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures).

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its ACL. The Company has designated two loan portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. These loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes, which represent loans of similar type, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. The commercial loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, and land acquisition and development. The risk of loss for the commercial loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by the credit risk rating assigned to each borrower. Commercial loan risk ratings are determined by experienced senior credit officers based on specific facts and circumstances and are subject to periodic review by an independent internal team of credit specialists. The consumer loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: single-family-residential mortgage, custom construction, consumer lot loans, home equity lines of credit, and

11

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

other consumer. The risk of loss for the consumer loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by delinquency status and general economic factors. Each commercial and consumer loan portfolio class may also be further segmented based on risk characteristics.

For the majority of the Company's loan portfolio classes, the historical loss experience is determined using a cohort methodology. This method pools loans into groups (“cohorts”) sharing similar risk characteristics and tracks each cohort’s net charge-offs over the lives of the loans to calculate a historical loss rate. The historical loss rates for each cohort are then averaged to calculate an overall historical loss rate which is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class. For certain loan portfolio classes, the Company determined there was not sufficient historical loss information to calculate a meaningful historical loss rate using the cohort methodology. For any such loan portfolio class, the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology is being utilized until sufficient historical loss data is obtained. The WARM method multiplies an average annual loss rate by the expected remaining life of the loan pool to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the historical loss rate for each loan portfolio class. The qualitative adjustments for each loan class consider the conditions over the period from which historical loss experience was based and are split into two components: 1) asset or class specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date related to portfolio credit quality, remaining payments, volume and nature, credit culture and management, business environment or other management factors and 2) reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions and collateral values.

The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans, risk rating migration, delinquencies, etc. The asset quality review is performed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative overlay to the quantitative baseline. The second qualitative adjustment noted above, economic conditions and collateral values, encompasses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The overlay adjustment for the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes an immediate reversion after the one-year forecast period to historical loss rates for the remaining life of the respective loan pool.

The Company may establish a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in each respective loan pool if management deems it appropriate. If this occurs, these individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans but may also include other non-performing loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities) - For held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, the Company is required to utilize a CECL methodology to estimate expected credit losses. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about HTM debt securities.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Available-for-Sale Debt Securities) - The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the CECL methodology applied for HTM debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any remaining discount that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or recapture of) credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about AFS debt securities.

12

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Accrued Interest Receivable - The Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable (“AIR”):

•Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately from their underlying instruments within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

•Excluding accrued interest receivable that is included in the amortized cost of financing receivables from related disclosure requirements.

•Continuing the Company's policy to write off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income in cases where the Company does not reasonably expect to receive payment.

•Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of writing off uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.

Non-Accrual Loans - Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the probability of collection of interest is deemed to be insufficient to warrant further accrual. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. The Bank does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due. If payment is made on a loan so that the loan becomes less than 90 days past due, and the Bank expects full collection of principal and interest, the loan is returned to full accrual status. Any interest ultimately collected is credited to income in the period of recovery. A loan is charged-off when the loss is estimable and it is confirmed that the borrower is not expected to be able to meet contractual obligations.

If a consumer loan is on non-accrual status before being modified, it will stay on non-accrual status following restructuring until it has been performing for at least six months, at which point it may be moved to accrual status. For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances, after the required six consecutive payments are made, management will conclude that collection of the entire principal and interest due is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual status.

Collateral-Dependent Loans - A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans and leases deemed collateral-dependent, the Company elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral consists of various types of real estate including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.

Off-balance-sheet credit exposures - Off-balance-sheet credit exposures for the Company include unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Banks of both Des Moines and San Francisco, which had a combined balance of $3,859,416,000 and $3,625,333,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition), with adjustments to the reserve recognized through provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class. See Note I “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information.

Intangible assets - Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangibles, including core deposit intangibles, are acquired assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis and between tests if circumstances such as material adverse changes in legal, business, regulatory and economic factors exist. We have determined our goodwill balance is all related to a single reporting unit and perform a quantitative impairment assessment. An impairment loss is recorded when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, an impairment charge could be recorded. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives and are subject to impairment testing when events or circumstances change.

13

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company performs a goodwill impairment assessment annually and continuously monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining the fair value of goodwill.

As a result of the Merger, the Company recorded $105,836,000 in goodwill and $37,022,000 in core deposit intangible assets. Additional information on the Merger and purchase price allocation is provided in Note B "Business Combination". The core deposit intangible asset value was determined by an analysis of the cost differential between the core deposits acquired, inclusive of estimated servicing costs, and alternative funding sources for those deposits. The core deposit intangible asset recorded is amortized on an accelerated basis over 6 years. In addition to the effects of the Merger, the Company added a small amount of intangibles during year-to-date fiscal 2024 as the result of acquisitions made by subsidiary WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. No impairment losses separate from the scheduled amortization have been recognized in the periods presented.

The table below provides detail regarding the Company's intangible assets.

	Goodwill		Core Deposit and Other Intangibles		Total
	(In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	304,750	$	5,869	$	310,619
Additions	375		375		750
Amortization	—		(266)		(266)
Balance at December 31, 2023	305,125		5,978		311,103
Additions	106,276		37,462		143,738
Amortization	—		(1,302)		(1,302)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	411,401	$	42,138	$	453,539

The table below presents the estimated future amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five years as of March 31, 2024.

Fiscal Year	Expected Expense
	(In thousands)
2024	$	6,155
2025	9,768
2026	7,217
2027	5,473
2028	5,111
Thereafter	8,414
Total Intangibles Assets	$	42,138

Subsequent events - The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure.

New Accounting Pronouncements - In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-6 Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments In Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics and align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. The amendments will be effective for the Company only if the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from its existing regulations no later than June 30, 2027. If the SEC timely removes such a related requirement from its existing regulations, the corresponding amendments within the ASU will become effective

14

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

for the Company on the same date with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the amendments in this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280) to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. For public companies amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740) which requires reporting companies to break out their income tax expense and tax rate reconciliation in more detail. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE B – Business Combination

At the Effective Time on March 1, 2024 ("the Merger Date"), WaFd, Inc. acquired Luther Burbank, headquartered in Santa Rosa, California. The Merger was effectively an all-stock transaction and has been accounted for as a business combination. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Merger Date, each holder of LBC common stock received 0.3353 of a share (the "Exchange Ratio") of WaFd common stock for each share of LBC common stock held. As of the Merger Date, WaFd had approximately 64 million shares of common stock outstanding and issued approximately 17 million shares of WaFd common stock to the LBC shareholders which represents approximately 21% of the voting interests in WaFd, Inc. upon completion of the Merger.

The purchase price for purposes of the transaction accounting adjustments is calculated based on the number of shares of WaFd stock issued to LBC shareholders and the closing share price on the Merger Date as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands except share and per share data).

Number of WaFd shares issued to LBC shareholders	17,089
WaFd market price per share on February 29, 2024	$	27.24
Purchase price of shares issued to LBC shareholders	$	465,501
Cash in lieu of fractional shares	$	3
Purchase price consideration	$	465,504

The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Merger were recorded at their respective acquisition date estimated fair values. These estimates were recorded based on initial valuations available at the Merger Date, and these estimates, including initial accounting for deferred taxes, are considered preliminary as of March 31, 2024, and subject to adjustment for up to one year after the Merger Date. In many cases, the determination of fair value required management to make estimates about discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. While the Company believes that the information available on the Merger Date provided a reasonable basis for estimating fair value, additional information may be obtained during the measurement period that would result in changes to the estimated fair value amounts. The measurement period ends on the earlier of one year after the Merger Date or the date the Company concludes that all necessary information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the Merger Date have been obtained. Management anticipates that facts obtained during the measurement period could result in adjustments to the Merger Date valuation amounts presented herein.

The table below displays the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

15

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	March 1, 2024
	(in thousands)
Total merger consideration			$	465,504
Fair value of assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	627,403
Investment securities	518,878
Loans receivable	3,205,350
Loans held for sale	2,993,223
Interest receivable	25,697
Premises and equipment	6,436
FHLB stock	35,831
Bank owned life insurance	17,781
Intangible assets	37,022
Deferred tax asset, net	132,837
Other assets	75,885
Total assets acquired	$	7,676,343
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Customer accounts	$	5,640,440
Borrowings	1,432,138
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	50,175
Senior Debt	93,514
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	100,408
Total liabilities assumed	$	7,316,675
Net Assets Acquired			$	359,668
Goodwill			$	105,836

In connection with the Merger, the Company recorded approximately $105,836,000 of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired net of fair value of liabilities assumed. Information regarding the carrying amount and amortization of intangible assets are provided in Note A.

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented above.

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount of these items is a reasonable estimate of their fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Investment securities – Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices. The actual sales prices of securities were used for those securities sold in March 2024, shortly after the Merger, rather than the quoted market price as sales prices were determined to be the best indicator of fair value.

Loans receivable – A valuation of the loans held for investment portfolio was performed by a third party as of the Merger Date to assess the fair value. The loans held for investment portfolio was segmented into three groups, including performing purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans, non-performing PCD loans and non-PCD loans. The loans were further pooled based on loan type and interest rate terms. The loans were valued at the pool level using a discounted cash flow methodology. The methodology included projecting cash flows based on the contractual terms of the loans and the cash flows were adjusted to reflect credit loss expectations along with prepayments. Discount rates were developed based on the relative risk of the cash flows, taking into consideration the loan type, market rates as of the valuation date, recent originations in the portfolio, credit

16

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

loss expectations, and liquidity expectations. Lastly, cash flows adjusted for credit loss expectations were discounted to present value and summed to arrive at the fair value of the loans.

The Company is required to record PCD assets, defined as a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination or issuance, at the purchase price plus the allowance for credit losses expected at the time of acquisition. Under this method, there is no credit loss expense affecting net income on acquisition of PCD assets. Changes in estimates of expected credit losses after acquisition are recognized in subsequent periods as provision for credit losses (or recapture of credit losses) arises. Any non-credit discount or premium resulting from acquiring a pool of purchased financial assets with credit deterioration is allocated to each individual asset. At the acquisition date, the initial allowance for credit losses, determined on a collective basis, is allocated to individual assets to appropriately allocate any non-credit discount or premium. The non-credit discount or premium, after the adjustment for the allowance for credit losses, is accreted to interest income using the interest method based on the effective interest rate determined at the Merger Date.

Of the $3.2 billion net loans held for investment acquired, $293 million were identified as PCD loans on the Merger Date. The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition:

	March 1, 2024
	(In thousands)
Principal of PCD loans acquired	$	293,204
PCD ACL at acquisition	(7,403)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(45,869)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	239,932

Loans held for sale – The loans held for sale portfolio was recorded at fair value based on quotes or bids from third parties.

Premises and equipment - The fair values of premises are based on a market approach by obtaining third-party appraisals and broker opinions of value for land, office and branch space.

Core deposit intangible – The core deposit intangible represents the low cost of funding acquired core deposits provide relative to the Company’s marginal cost of funds. The fair value was estimated based on a cost savings methodology that gave consideration to expected customer attrition rates, net maintenance cost of the deposit base, interest costs associated with customer deposits, and the alternative cost of funds. The estimated fair value was grossed-up for the expected tax amortization benefit. The intangible asset is being amortized over 6 years using an accelerated method, based upon the period over which estimated economic benefits are estimated to be received.

Customer Accounts – The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits equal the amount payable on demand at the Merger Date. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances and Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") borrowings is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar remaining maturities.

The operating results of the Company include the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in the Merger for the period March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024.

The following table shows the impact of merger-related expenses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024.

17

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Merger-Related Expenses	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Severance and employee-related	$	20,266	$	20,266
Legal and Professional	3,793		3,982
Charitable contributions	1,000		1,000
System conversion and integration	60		388
	$	25,119	$	25,636

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information as if the Merger had occurred on October 1, 2022. The pro forma adjustments give effect to any change in interest income due to the accretion of the discount (premium) associated with the fair value adjustments to acquired loans, any change in interest expense due to estimated premium amortization/discount accretion associated with the fair value adjustment to acquired interest-bearing deposits, borrowings and long-term debt and the amortization of the core deposit intangible that would have resulted had the deposits been acquired as of October 1, 2022. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the Merger occurred as of the beginning of the year prior to the Merger Date. The pro forma amounts below do not reflect the Company's expectations as of the date of the pro forma information of further operating cost savings and other business synergies expected to be achieved, including revenue growth as a result of the Merger. As a result, actual amounts differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.

	Unaudited Pro Forma for the Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Net-interest income	$	351,263	$	447,902
Non-interest income	$	30,238	$	26,302
Net income1	$	120,116	$	145,277
1The 2024 pro forma net income was adjusted to exclude $40,000,000 of merger-related costs, inclusive of historical LBC merger-related costs, incurred in 2024 and the 2023 pro forma net income was adjusted to include these costs.

NOTE C – Dividends and Share Repurchases

On March 8, 2024, the Company paid a regular dividend on common stock of $0.26 per share, which represented the 164th consecutive quarterly cash dividend. Dividends per share were $0.26 and $0.25 for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 7,837 shares at an average price of $30.38. As of March 31, 2024, there are 1,853,453 remaining shares authorized to be repurchased under the current Board approved share repurchase program.

The Company pays a cash dividend, if declared by the Board, of $12.1875 per share on its Series A Preferred Stock quarterly on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15. This dividend equals $0.30468750 per depositary share (each dividend, a "Series A Preferred Dividend"). The Company paid a Series A Preferred Dividend on January 15, 2024 and April 15, 2024.

NOTE D – Loans Receivable

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" above.

18

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company's loans held for investment are divided into two portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans, with each of those segments further split into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses.

The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class. Loans held for sale of approximately $3 billion are excluded from the following tables.

	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
Gross loans by category	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,173,375	18.5	%	$	2,907,086	14.8	%
Commercial real estate	3,570,790		15.8		3,344,959		17.0
Commercial & industrial	2,290,452		10.1		2,321,717		11.8
Construction	2,631,783		11.6		3,318,994		16.9
Land - acquisition & development	215,831		1.0		201,538		1.0
Total commercial loans	12,882,231		57.0		12,094,294		61.6
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,816,039		39.0		6,451,270		32.8
Construction - custom	466,740		2.1		672,643		3.4
Land - consumer lot loans	115,022		0.5		125,723		0.6
HELOC	243,852		1.1		234,410		1.2
Consumer	74,269		0.3		70,164		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,715,922		43.0		7,554,210		38.4
Total gross loans	22,598,153		100	%	19,648,504		100	%
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	201,577				177,207
Loans in process	1,303,978				1,895,940
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	297,339				98,807
Total loan contra accounts	1,802,894				2,171,954
Net loans	$	20,795,259			$	17,476,550

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans for disclosure purposes and from the calculations of estimated credit losses. As of March 31, 2024, and September 30, 2023, AIR for loans totaled $103,137,000 and $77,349,000, respectively, and is included in the Interest receivable line item balance on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

Loans in the amount of $9,131,125,000 and $8,941,201,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines ("FHLB - DM") as part of the Company's liquidity management strategy. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company entered into two new pledge agreements. The first new pledge agreement was with the FHLB of San Francisco ("FHLB - SF") where $1,757,206,000 of loans were pledged to secure legacy LBC borrowings from the FHLB-SF. The second new pledge agreement was with the FRB where $3,681,859,000 of loans were pledged via the Borrower-in-Custody program to support contingent liquidity. At March 31, 2024 there were no outstanding borrowings under this program. None of these agencies to which we have pledged loans have the right to sell or re-pledge these loans.

19

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of non-accrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due and accruing.

 

	March 31, 2024							September 30, 2023
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
	Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing		Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	8,377		$	—	$	—	$	5,127		$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	27,022			—		—		23,435			—		—
Commercial & industrial	4,436			—		—		6,082			—		—
Construction	—					—		—			—		—
Land - acquisition & development	112			—		—		—			—		—
Total commercial loans	39,947			—		—		34,644			—		—
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	20,016			—		—		14,918			—		—
Construction - custom	88			—		—		88			—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	—			—		—		9			—		—
HELOC	491			—		—		736			—		—
Consumer	264			—		—		27			—		—
Total consumer loans	20,859			—		—		15,778			—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	60,806		$	—	$	—	$	50,422		$	—	$	—
% of total net loans	0.29		%					0.29		%

The Company recognized interest income on non-accrual loans of approximately $435,000 in the six months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of the collection of past due amounts. If these loans had been on accrual status and performed according to their original contract terms, the Company would have recognized interest income of approximately $1,347,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024. Interest cash flows collected on non-accrual loans vary from period to period as those loans are brought current or are paid off.

20

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables provide details regarding loan delinquencies by loan portfolio and class.

 

March 31, 2024			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	4,089,719	$	4,072,075	$	14,869	$	—	$	2,775	$	17,644	0.43	%
Commercial real estate	3,544,884		3,520,286		—		—		24,598		24,598		0.69
Commercial & industrial	2,283,922		2,279,347		140		—		4,435		4,575		0.20
Construction	1,623,496		1,622,736		760		—		—		760		0.05
Land - acquisition & development	175,704		175,592		—		—		112		112		0.06
Total commercial loans	11,717,725		11,670,036		15,769		—		31,920		47,689		0.41
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	8,619,916		8,594,155		6,274		3,828		15,659		25,761		0.30
Construction - custom	223,377		222,530		760		—		87		847		0.38
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		113,949		307		—		—		307		0.27
HELOC	247,305		246,296		483		86		440		1,009		0.41
Consumer	74,257		73,822		52		119		264		435		0.59
Total consumer loans	9,279,111		9,250,752		7,876		4,033		16,450		28,359		0.31
Total Loans	$	20,996,836	$	20,920,788	$	23,645	$	4,033	$	48,370	$	76,048	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.11%		0.01%		0.23%		0.36%

September 30, 2023			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	2,886,594	$	2,886,462	$	—	$	—	$	132	$	132	—	%
Commercial real estate	3,310,101		3,285,673		848		145		23,435		24,428		0.74
Commercial & industrial	2,315,318		2,307,020		30		2,186		6,082		8,298		0.36
Construction	1,838,936		1,838,936		—		—		—		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		156,661		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,507,610		10,474,752		878		2,331		29,649		32,858		0.31
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	6,388,990		6,365,065		6,441		6,068		11,416		23,925		0.37
Construction - custom	324,451		320,987		760		2,617		87		3,464		1.07
Land - consumer lot loans	124,842		124,231		358		245		8		611		0.49
HELOC	237,754		235,708		1,050		314		682		2,046		0.86
Consumer	70,110		69,699		228		107		76		411		0.59
Total consumer loans	7,146,147		7,115,690		8,837		9,351		12,269		30,457		0.43
Total Loans	$	17,653,757	$	17,590,442	$	9,715	$	11,682	$	41,918	$	63,315	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.06%		0.07%		0.24%		0.36%

21

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

On October 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminated the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. These modified balances are included in their segment cohort based on loan type for the purpose of calculating historical loss rates as described in Note A.

Loans may be modified as the result of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty needing relief from the contractual terms of their loan. Most loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has approached the Company about modification due to temporary financial difficulties. Each request for modification is individually evaluated for merit and likelihood of success. Often a term extension is needed in the short term in order to evaluate the need for further corrective action. Payment delays and interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period. Principal forgiveness is not an available option for restructured loans.

For commercial loans, modifications could be any of the above-listed modification types available or a mix thereof. Modifications to extend the term, lower the payment amount or delay payment are made for the purposes of providing borrowers additional time to return to compliance with the terms of their loans. Renewals of commercial lines to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are included within the disclosures below though many of these are made in the normal course of business.

For consumer loans, modifications typically consist of minor payment delays or deferrals and may include a modification of the existing contractual rate or extension of the maturity date, or both, when it is determined the borrowers are likely to successfully maintain compliance with these modified loan terms.

The following table presents the amortized basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the period by loan class and modification type. All such modifications during the quarter were term extensions.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial & industrial	42,683		1.87		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	55,821		0.48
Total Loans	$	55,821	0.27	%
	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial real estate	93		—	%	20
Commercial & industrial	50,730		2.22		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	63,961		0.55
Total Loans	$	63,961	0.30	%

The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. None of the loans modified in the six months ended March 31, 2024 was past due as of March 31, 2024. None of the loans above have defaulted after modification.

22

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company evaluates the credit quality of its loans based on regulatory risk ratings and also consider other factors. Based on this evaluation, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as follows:

•Pass – the credit does not meet one of the definitions below.

•Special mention – A special mention credit is considered to be currently protected from loss but is potentially weak. No loss of principal or interest is foreseen; however, proper supervision and management attention is required to deter further deterioration in the credit. Assets in this category constitute some undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a risk rating of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset.

•Substandard – A substandard credit is an unacceptable credit. Additionally, repayment in the normal course is in jeopardy due to the existence of one or more well defined weaknesses. In these situations, loss of principal is likely if the weakness is not corrected. A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified will have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of the debt. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets risk rated substandard.

•Doubtful – A credit classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.

•Loss – Credits classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Losses should be taken in the period in which they are identified as uncollectible. Partial charge-off versus full charge-off may be taken if the collateral offers some identifiable protection.

The following tables present by primary credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023. There were no commercial loans classified as Doubtful or Loss as of either date.

23

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,354,276	$	1,105,788	$	547,312	$	648,522	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	3,944,926
Special Mention	—		—		92,620		2,678		1,203		16,483		—		—		112,984
Substandard	—		—		5,665		2,296		7,874		15,974		—		—		31,809
Total	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,452,561	$	1,110,762	$	556,389	$	680,979	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	125,124	$	214,702	$	1,026,962	$	731,080	$	448,225	$	838,539	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,386,918
Special Mention	—		—		2,884		23,133		—		16,377		—		—		42,394
Substandard	—		499		16,661		2,260		29,854		66,298		—		—		115,572
Total	$	125,124	$	215,201	$	1,046,507	$	756,473	$	478,079	$	921,214	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,544,884
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	17,307	$	159,129	$	238,221	$	298,401	$	108,517	$	177,856	$	1,093,054	$	222	$	2,092,707
Special Mention	—		—		32,861		608		—		309		38,005		—		71,783
Substandard	—		2,095		12,026		172		2,701		49,036		53,401		1		119,432
Total	$	17,307	$	161,224	$	283,108	$	299,181	$	111,218	$	227,201	$	1,184,460	$	223	$	2,283,922
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		10		30		56		—		31		127
Construction
Pass	$	54,184	$	389,785	$	686,499	$	290,139	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,600,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		2,888		—		—		—		—		2,888
Substandard	655		3,801		2,022		13,138		—		—		—		—		19,616
Total	$	54,839	$	393,586	$	688,521	$	306,165	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,068	$	56,474	$	6,043	$	18,540	$	—	$	—	$	175,101
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		354		—		—		354
Substandard	—		—		137		—		112		—		—		—		249
Total	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,205	$	56,474	$	6,155	$	18,894	$	—	$	—	$	175,704
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		18		—		—		18
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	278,606	$	950,862	$	3,371,026	$	2,481,882	$	1,160,297	$	1,735,357	$	1,209,178	$	13,436	$	11,200,644
Special Mention	—		—		128,365		29,307		1,203		33,523		38,005		—		230,403
Substandard	655		6,395		36,511		17,866		40,541		131,308		53,401		1		286,678
Total	$	279,261	$	957,257	$	3,535,902	$	2,529,055	$	1,202,041	$	1,900,188	$	1,300,584	$	13,437	$	11,717,725
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	30	$	74	$	—	$	31	$	145

24

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	121,983	$	787,975	$	2,384,151	$	2,193,608	$	860,379	$	2,246,059	$	—	$	—	$	8,594,155
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		264		6,010		—		—		6,274
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,012		—		—		3,828
90+ days past due	—		1,816		2,939		2,175		—		8,729		—		—		15,659
Total	$	121,983	$	789,791	$	2,387,933	$	2,196,756	$	860,643	$	2,262,810	$	—	$	—	$	8,619,916
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		131		—		—		131
Construction - custom
Current	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	69,481	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	222,530
30 days past due	—		—		760		—		—		—		—		—		760
90+ days past due	—		—		87		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	70,328	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	223,377
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,755	$	26,802	$	10,529	$	15,181	$	—	$	—	$	113,949
30 days past due	—		—		162		131		—		14		—		—		307
Total	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,917	$	26,933	$	10,529	$	15,195	$	—	$	—	$	114,256
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,025	$	240,569	$	702	$	246,296
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		100		383		—		483
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		42		—		86
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		440		—		440
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,169	$	241,434	$	702	$	247,305
Consumer
Current	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,732	$	34,445	$	—	$	73,822
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		24		28		—		52
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		70		49		—		119
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		136		128		—		264
Total	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,962	$	34,650	$	—	$	74,257
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		123		239		—		362
Total consumer loans
Current	$	138,127	$	948,213	$	2,490,459	$	2,231,549	$	879,333	$	2,287,355	$	275,014	$	702	$	9,250,752
30 days past due	—		—		922		131		264		6,148		411		—		7,876
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,126		91		—		4,033
90+ days past due	—		1,816		3,026		2,175		—		8,865		568		—		16,450
Total	$	138,127	$	950,029	$	2,495,250	$	2,234,828	$	879,597	$	2,304,494	$	276,084	$	702	$	9,279,111
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	254	$	239	$	—	$	493

25

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	135,859	$	658,126	$	850,998	$	541,655	$	135,965	$	400,412	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,772,538
Special Mention	—		90,428		—		—		—		—		—		—		90,428
Substandard	—		5,711		2,309		2,422		7,583		5,603		—		—		23,628
Total	$	135,859	$	754,265	$	853,307	$	544,077	$	143,548	$	406,015	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	221,057	$	912,776	$	735,069	$	476,941	$	262,945	$	596,459	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,207,596
Special Mention	—		—		788		—		4,059		—		—		—		4,847
Substandard	499		5,361		3,810		24,538		27,916		35,534		—		—		97,658
Total	$	221,556	$	918,137	$	739,667	$	501,479	$	294,920	$	631,993	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,310,101
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	155,411	$	258,798	$	316,713	$	117,089	$	24,246	$	175,042	$	1,089,896	$	27,681	$	2,164,876
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		2,940		—		3,707		—		6,647
Substandard	—		5,532		8,537		2,783		3,819		46,297		69,948		6,879		143,795
Total	$	155,411	$	264,330	$	325,250	$	119,872	$	31,005	$	221,339	$	1,163,551	$	34,560	$	2,315,318
Construction
Pass	$	235,150	$	833,577	$	559,850	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,818,266
Substandard	2,901		5,119		12,650		—		—		—		—		—		20,670
Total	$	238,051	$	838,696	$	572,500	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	20,593	$	69,414	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,390
Substandard	—		271		—		—		—		—		—		—		271
Total	$	20,593	$	69,685	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,661
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	768,070	$	2,732,691	$	2,501,906	$	1,210,070	$	469,897	$	1,190,162	$	1,219,189	$	27,681	$	10,119,666
Special Mention	—		90,428		788		—		6,999		—		3,707		—		101,922
Substandard	3,400		21,994		27,306		29,743		39,318		87,434		69,948		6,879		286,022
Total	$	771,470	$	2,845,113	$	2,530,000	$	1,239,813	$	516,214	$	1,277,596	$	1,292,844	$	34,560	$	10,507,610

26

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	513,007	$	1,478,479	$	1,719,163	$	718,250	$	295,836	$	1,640,330	$	—	$	—	$	6,365,065
30 days past due	822		115		859		392		221		4,032		—		—		6,441
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,420		1,325		—		1,797		—		—		6,068
90+ days past due	—		1,470		666		1,408		—		7,872		—		—		11,416
Total	$	513,829	$	1,481,590	$	1,722,108	$	721,375	$	296,057	$	1,654,031	$	—	$	—	$	6,388,990
Construction - custom
Current	$	92,081	$	218,988	$	8,838	$	243	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	320,987
30 days past due	—		760		—		—		—		—		—		—		760
60 days past due	—		—		—		2,617		—		—		—		—		2,617
90+ days past due	—		87		—		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	92,081	$	219,835	$	8,838	$	2,860	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	324,451
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,048	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,714	$	—	$	—	$	124,231
30 days past due	—		—		358		—		—		—		—		—		358
60 days past due	—		—		245		—		—		—		—		—		245
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		—		—		8
Total	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,651	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,722	$	—	$	—	$	124,842
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,733	$	230,338	$	1,637	$	235,708
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		1,006		—		1,050
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		314		—		—		314
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		682		—		682
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,091	$	232,026	$	1,637	$	237,754
Consumer
Current	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	16	$	23,201	$	27,945	$	—	$	69,699
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		225		3		—		228
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		106		1		—		107
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		29		46		—		1		76
Total	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	45	$	23,578	$	27,949	$	1	$	70,110
Total consumer loans
Current	$	624,878	$	1,739,246	$	1,772,797	$	738,016	$	300,376	$	1,680,457	$	258,283	$	1,637	$	7,115,690
30 days past due	822		875		1,217		392		221		4,301		1,009		—		8,837
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,665		3,942		—		2,217		1		—		9,351
90+ days past due	—		1,557		666		1,408		29		7,926		682		1		12,269
Total	$	625,700	$	1,743,204	$	1,776,345	$	743,758	$	300,626	$	1,694,901	$	259,975	$	1,638	$	7,146,147

27

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE E – Allowance for Losses on Loans

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies."

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment and class. 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,791	$	—	$	—	$	8,188	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	29,007		—		—		3,984		32,991
Commercial & industrial	60,836		(65)		32		(1,542)		59,261
Construction	28,863		—		—		(1,546)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	6,658		—		21		1,186		7,865
Total commercial loans	139,155		(65)		53		10,270		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,556		(131)		55		12,574		41,054
Construction - custom	2,262		—		—		(344)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,345		—		46		(177)		3,214
HELOC	2,973		—		1		—		2,974
Consumer	3,029		(149)		44		80		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,165		(280)		146		12,133		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	179,320	$	(345)	$	199	$	22,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision for unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,324	$	—	$	—	$	714	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	27,380		—		1		422		27,803
Commercial & industrial	63,873		(6,054)		42		5,440		63,301
Construction	26,133		—		—		(106)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	8,572		—		14		(1,090)		7,496
Total commercial loans	138,282		(6,054)		57		5,380		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,475		(34)		104		1,371		26,916
Construction - custom	3,500		—		—		(44)		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	4,142		—		5		(202)		3,945
HELOC	2,588		—		—		74		2,662
Consumer	2,810		(38)		83		(79)		2,776
Total consumer loans	38,515		(72)		192		1,120		39,755
Total loans	$	176,797	$	(6,126)	$	249	$	6,500	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $3,000,000.

28

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Six Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,155	$	—	$	—	$	8,824	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	28,842		—		2		4,147		32,991
Commercial & industrial	58,773		(127)		64		551		59,261
Construction	29,408		—		—		(2,091)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	7,016		(18)		71		796		7,865
Total commercial loans	137,194		(145)		137		12,227		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,029		(131)		175		12,981		41,054
Construction - custom	2,781		—		—		(863)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,512		—		55		(353)		3,214
HELOC	2,859		—		2		113		2,974
Consumer	2,832		(362)		236		298		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,013		(493)		468		12,176		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	177,207	$	(638)	$	605	$	24,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Six Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,013	$	—	$	—	$	1,025	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	25,814		—		5		1,984		27,803
Commercial & industrial	57,210		(6,136)		74		12,153		63,301
Construction	26,161		—		—		(134)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	12,278		—		30		(4,812)		7,496
Total commercial loans	133,476		(6,136)		109		10,216		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,518		(34)		534		898		26,916
Construction - custom	3,410		—		—		46		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	5,047		—		5		(1,107)		3,945
HELOC	2,482		—		1		179		2,662
Consumer	2,875		(184)		317		(232)		2,776
Total consumer loans	39,332		(218)		857		(216)		39,755
Total loans	$	172,808	$	(6,354)	$	966	$	10,000	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $4,000,000.

The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $3,500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The provision in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to the initial reserve needed for the acquired LBC non-PCD loans. The increase in the overall ACL was a combination of the provision recorded and the reserve for LBC PCD loans booked in purchase accounting.

29

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to growth in net loans receivable combined with the changing economic outlook amid concerns around a looming recession and recent macro-economic events. The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $6,000,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $146,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,877,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $33,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,388,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Non-performing assets were $68,361,000, or 0.23% of total assets, at March 31, 2024, compared to $57,924,000, or 0.26% of total assets, at September 30, 2023. Non-accrual loans were $60,806,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $50,422,000 at September 30, 2023. Delinquencies, as a percent of total loans, were 0.36% at March 31, 2024, compared to 0.36% at September 30, 2023.

The Company has an asset quality review function that analyzes its loan portfolio and reports the results of the review to its Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The single-family residential, HELOC and consumer portfolios are evaluated based on their performance as a pool of loans, since no single loan is individually significant or judged by its risk rating, size or potential risk of loss. The construction, land, multi-family, commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are risk rated on a loan-by-loan basis to determine the relative risk inherent in specific borrowers or loans. Based on that risk rating, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as described in Note D "Loans Receivable."

The following tables provide the amortized cost of loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

March 31, 2024	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	3,944,926		$	112,984		$	31,809		$	—		$	—		$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate	3,386,918			42,394			115,572			—			—			3,544,884
Commercial & industrial	2,092,707			71,783			119,432			—			—			2,283,922
Construction	1,600,992			2,888			19,616			—			—			1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development	175,101			354			249			—			—			175,704
Total commercial loans	11,200,644			230,403			286,678			—			—			11,717,725
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,901			—			20,015			—			—			8,619,916
Construction - custom	223,290			—			87			—			—			223,377
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256			—			—			—			—			114,256
HELOC	246,814			—			491			—			—			247,305
Consumer	74,117			—			140			—			—			74,257
Total consumer loans	9,258,378			—			20,733			—			—			9,279,111
Total	$	20,459,022		$	230,403		$	307,411		$	—		$	—		$	20,996,836
Total grade as a % of total loans	97.44		%	1.10		%	1.47		%	—		%	—		%

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2023	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total Gross Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,772,538		$	90,428		$	23,628		$	—		$	—		$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate	3,207,596			4,847			97,658			—			—			3,310,101
Commercial & industrial	2,164,876			6,647			143,795			—			—			2,315,318
Construction	1,818,266			—			20,670			—			—			1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development	156,390			—			271			—			—			156,661
Total commercial loans	10,119,666			101,922			286,022			—			—			10,507,610
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,370,936			—			18,054			—			—			6,388,990
Construction - custom	324,363			—			88			—			—			324,451
Land - consumer lot loans	124,588			—			254			—			—			124,842
HELOC	237,018			—			736			—			—			237,754
Consumer	70,098			—			12			—			—			70,110
Total consumer loans	7,127,003			—			19,144			—			—			7,146,147
Total loans	$	17,246,669		$	101,922		$	305,166		$	—		$	—		$	17,653,757
Total grade as a % of total gross loans	97.69		%	0.58		%	1.73		%	—		%	—		%

The following tables provide information on the amortized cost of loans receivable based on borrower payment activity.

March 31, 2024	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,081,342	99.8	%	$	8,377	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,517,862		99.2		27,022		0.8
Commercial & industrial	2,279,486		99.8		4,436		0.2
Construction	1,623,496		100.0		—		0.0
Land - acquisition & development	175,592		99.9		112		0.1
Total commercial loans	11,677,778		99.7		39,947		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,900		99.8		20,016		0.2
Construction - custom	223,289		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		100.0		—		0.0
HELOC	246,814		99.8		491		0.2
Consumer	73,993		99.6		264		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,258,252		99.8		20,859		0.2
Total loans	$	20,936,030	99.7	%	$	60,806	0.3	%

31

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2023	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,881,467	99.8	%	$	5,127	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,286,666		99.3		23,435		0.7
Commercial & industrial	2,309,236		99.7		6,082		0.3
Construction	1,838,936		100.0		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		100.0		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,472,966		99.7		34,644		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,374,072		99.8		14,918		0.2
Construction - custom	324,363		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	124,833		100.0		9		—
HELOC	237,018		99.7		736		0.3
Consumer	70,083		100.0		27		0.0
Total consumer loans	7,130,369		99.8		15,778		0.2
Total loans	$	17,603,335	99.7	%	$	50,422	0.3	%

32

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE F – Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active exchange markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company has established and documented the process for determining the fair values of its assets and liabilities, where applicable. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available, for identical or similar assets or liabilities. In the absence of quoted market prices, fair value is determined using valuation models or third-party appraisals. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to measure and report the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Measured on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-Sale Securities, Loans Held for Sale and Derivative Contracts

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of debt securities are priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and under GAAP are considered a Level 2 input method. Securities that are traded on active exchanges are measured using the closing price in an active market and are considered a Level 1 input method.

Certain loans acquired in the Merger which have been designated as held for sale were recorded at fair value to be remeasured on a recurring basis until sold. The fair value of these loans is based on observable market data including dealer quotes and bids from third parties. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counter party to offset its interest rate risk. The Company has also entered into commercial loan hedges, mortgage pool hedges and borrowings hedges using interest rate swaps. The fair value of these interest rate swaps are estimated by a third-party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

The following tables present the balance and level in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (with the exception of those measured using the NAV practical expedient).

33

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	312,199	$	—	$	312,199
Asset-backed securities	—		549,463		—		549,463
Municipal bonds	—		35,061		—		35,061
Corporate debt securities	—		249,743		—		249,743
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		1,291,648		—		1,291,648
Total available-for-sale securities	—		2,438,114		—		2,438,114
Loans held for sale	—		2,993,658		—		2,993,658
Derivatives:
Client swap program hedges	—		63,264		—		63,264
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		2,509		—		2,509
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		56,093		—		56,093
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		154,588		—		154,588
Total financial assets	$	—	$	5,708,226	$	—	$	5,708,226
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020

	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	217,053	$	—	$	217,053
Asset-backed securities	—		588,016				588,016
Municipal bonds	—		34,662		—		34,662
Corporate debt securities	—		242,522		—		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		912,844		—		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities	—		1,995,097		—		1,995,097
Client swap program hedges	—		78,797		—		78,797
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		3,405		—		3,405
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		46,396		—		46,396
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		184,373		—		184,373
Total financial assets	$	—	$	2,308,068	$	—	$	2,308,068
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668

34

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis after initial recognition such as collateral dependent loans and real estate owned ("REO"). REO consists principally of properties acquired through foreclosure. From time to time, and on a nonrecurring basis, adjustments using fair value measurements are recorded to reflect increases or decreases based on the discounted cash flows, the current appraisal or estimated value of the collateral or REO property.

When management determines that the fair value of the collateral or the REO requires additional adjustments, either as a result of an updated appraised value or when there is no observable market price, the Company classifies the collateral dependent loan or real estate owned as Level 3. Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 included loans for which an allowance was established or a partial charge-off was recorded based on the fair value of collateral, as well as real estate owned where the fair value of the property was less than the cost basis.

The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.

 

	March 31, 2024								Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	781	$	781	$	(168)	$	(325)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		1,360		1,360		(1,875)		(1,875)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	2,141	$	2,141	$	(2,043)	$	(2,200)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

	March 31, 2023								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	3,313	$	3,313	$	(6,120)	$	(6,243)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		372		372		22		22
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	3,685	$	3,685	$	(6,098)	$	(6,221)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

At March 31, 2024, there was $28,000 in foreclosed residential real estate properties held as REO. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $4,710,000.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the statement of financial condition, for which it is practicable to estimate those values. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value estimates presented do not reflect the underlying fair value of the Company. Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below.

35

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

		March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
		($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	1,505,771	$	1,505,771	$	980,649	$	980,649
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities	2	312,199		312,199		217,053		217,053
Asset-backed securities	2	549,463		549,463		588,016		588,016
Municipal bonds	2	35,061		35,061		34,662		34,662
Corporate debt securities	2	249,743		249,743		242,522		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	1,291,648		1,291,648		912,844		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities		2,438,114		2,438,114		1,995,097		1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Total held-to-maturity securities		457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Loans receivable	3	20,795,259		20,245,348		17,476,550		16,559,758
Loans held for sale	2	2,993,658		2,993,658		—		—
FHLB stock	2	160,817		160,817		126,820		126,820
Other assets - client swap program hedges	2	63,264		63,264		78,797		78,797
Other assets - commercial fair value loan hedges	2	2,509		2,509		3,405		3,405
Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges	2	56,093		56,093		46,396		46,396
Other assets - borrowings cash flow hedges	2	154,588		154,588		184,373		184,373
Financial liabilities
Time deposits	2	9,000,911		9,037,254		5,305,016		5,232,689
Borrowings	2	5,345,518		5,320,188		3,650,000		3,653,229
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	3	50,254		50,320		—		—
Senior Debt	2	93,729		93,373		—		—
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	2	64,020		64,020		79,668		79,668

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount of these items is a reasonable estimate of their fair value. 

Available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities – Securities at fair value are primarily priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and are considered a Level 2 input method. Equity securities that are exchange traded are considered a Level 1 input method.

Loans receivable – Fair values are estimated first by stratifying the portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as multi-family real estate, residential mortgage, construction, commercial, consumer and land loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed- and adjustable-rate interest terms. For residential mortgages and multi-family loans, the bank determined that its best exit price was by securitization. MBS benchmark prices are used as a base price, with further loan level pricing adjustments made based on individual loan characteristics such as FICO score, LTV, Property Type and occupancy. For all other loan categories an estimate of fair value is then calculated based on discounted cash

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(UNAUDITED)

flows using a discount rate offered and observed in the market on similar products, plus an adjustment for liquidity to reflect the non-homogeneous nature of the loans, as well as an annual loss rate based on historical losses to arrive at an estimated exit price fair value. Fair value for impaired loans is also based on recent appraisals or estimated cash flows discounted using rates commensurate with risk associated with the estimated cash flows. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information.

Loans held for sale - The loans held for sale portfolio was recorded at fair value based on quotes or bids from third parties.

FHLB stock – The fair value is based upon the par value of the stock that equates to its carrying value.

Time deposits – The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of FHLB advances and FRB borrowings is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar remaining maturities.

Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures - The fair value of junior subordinated debentures is estimated using an income approach valuation technique. The significant unobservable input utilized in the estimation of fair value of these instruments is the credit risk adjusted spread. The credit risk adjusted spread represents the nonperformance risk of the liability, contemplating the inherent risk of the obligation. The ending carrying (fair) value of the junior subordinated debentures measured at fair value represents the estimated amount that would be paid to transfer these liabilities in an orderly transaction amongst market participants. Due to credit concerns in the capital markets and inactivity in the trust preferred markets that have limited the observability of market spreads, the Company has classified this as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Senior Debt - The fair value of senior debt is estimated by using model pricing based on the debts relationship to other benchmark quoted pricing as provided by an independent third party and are considered a Level 2 input.

Interest rate swaps – The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counterparty to offset its interest rate risk. The Company also uses interest rate swaps for various fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. The fair value of these interest rate swaps is estimated by a third-party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique.

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(UNAUDITED)

The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

	March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	8,692	$	5	$	(7)	$	8,690	5.83	%
1 to 5 years	5,699		4		(264)		5,439		2.89
5 to 10 years	162,027		524		(90)		162,461		6.01
Over 10 years	135,961		37		(389)		135,609		6.32
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	13,249		—		(397)		12,852		6.08
5 to 10 years	24,380		65		—		24,445		6.23
Over 10 years	513,964		1,251		(3,049)		512,166		6.30
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year	8,100		—		(1)		8,099		3.35
1 to 5 years	144,034		1,140		(845)		144,329		5.20
5 to 10 years	112,625		—		(15,310)		97,315		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,705		—		(265)		5,440		3.00
Over 10 years	29,812		3		(194)		29,621		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,358,888		1,232		(68,472)		1,291,648		3.85
	2,523,136		4,261		(89,283)		2,438,114		4.76
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	$	2,981,018	$	4,284	$	(139,727)	$	2,845,575	4.47	%

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized					Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	3,501	$	—		$	(36)	$	3,465	6.06	%
1 to 5 years	18,894		—			(563)		18,331		4.70
5 to 10 years	87,922		177			—		88,099		5.76
Over 10 years	106,340		831			(13)		107,158		5.84
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	18,579		—			(715)		17,864		6.06
5 to 10 years	36,875		2			(99)		36,778		6.11
Over 10 years	539,911		578			(7,115)		533,374		6.35
Corporate debt securities due
1 to 5 years	151,893		895			(1,787)		151,001		5.14
5 to 10 years	113,221		—			(21,700)		91,521		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,720		—			(701)		5,019		3.00
Over 10 years	29,832		361			(550)		29,643		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,005,928		66			(93,150)		912,844		3.39
	2,118,616		2,910			(126,429)		1,995,097		4.64
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	$	2,542,202	$	2,910		$	(194,827)	$	2,350,285	4.35	%

The Company purchased $214,707,000 of AFS investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and purchased $115,931,000 of AFS securities during the six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company also obtained $516,308,000 in AFS securities in the Merger. Sales of AFS securities totaled $176,402,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2024 compared to no sales during the prior year same period. The Company sold approximately $171,000,000 of AFS securities obtained in the Merger to rebalance the overall portfolio. Realized gains and losses from the sale were included in purchase accounting adjustments to reflect the acquisition date fair value as the sales took place close to the Merger date. For HTM investment securities, there were $47,670,000 in purchases during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and no purchases during the six months ended March 31, 2023. $2,570,000 of HTM securities were obtained in the Merger. There were no sales of HTM investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 or March 31, 2023. Substantially all of the agency mortgage-backed securities have contractual due dates that exceed 25 years.

The Company elected to exclude AIR from the amortized cost basis of debt securities disclosed throughout this footnote. For AFS securities, AIR totaled $11,141,000 and $8,641,000 as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. For HTM debt securities, AIR totaled $1,206,000 and $1,013,000 as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. AIR for securities is included in the Interest receivable line item balance on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 253 and 231 securities with an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

 

March 31, 2024	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	(214)	$	19,779	$	(15,942)	$	154,496	$	(16,156)	$	174,275
Municipal bonds	—		—		(458)		15,059		(458)		15,059
Asset-backed securities	(485)		110,515		(3,712)		247,943		(4,197)		358,458
Mortgage-backed securities	(734)		208,696		(67,738)		719,962		(68,472)		928,658
	(1,433)		338,990		(87,850)		1,137,460		(89,283)		1,476,450
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(2)		263		(50,442)		354,819		(50,444)		355,082
	$	(1,435)	$	339,253	$	(138,292)	$	1,492,279	$	(139,727)	$	1,831,532

September 30, 2023	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	—	$	(23,487)	$	167,452	$	(23,487)	$	167,452
Municipal bonds due	—		—		(1,250)		14,302		(1,250)		14,302
U.S. government and agency securities	(13)		14,917		(599)		21,795		(612)		36,712
Asset-backed securities	(2,142)		86,800		(5,788)		445,454		(7,930)		532,254
Mortgage-backed securities	(2,030)		142,235		(91,120)		744,010		(93,150)		886,245
	(4,185)		243,952		(122,244)		1,393,013		(126,429)		1,636,965
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(15)		1,424		(68,383)		353,764		(68,398)		355,188
	$	(4,200)	$	245,376	$	(190,627)	$	1,746,777	$	(194,827)	$	1,992,153

The decline in fair value since purchase is attributable to changes in interest rates. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023. The Company does not consider AFS or HTM investments to have any credit impairment.

The Company does not believe that the AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position have any credit loss impairment as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023. The Company does not intend to sell the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position and it is more likely than not the Company will not be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. AFS debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Corporate debt securities and municipal bonds are considered to have an issuer of high credit quality and the decline in fair value is due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The

40

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

issuer continues to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

NOTE G – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following tables present the fair value, notional amount and balance sheet classification of derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

March 31, 2024	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	938,116	$	63,264	Other liabilities	$	938,116	$	64,020
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	37,042		2,509		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	3,070,000		56,093		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		154,588		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	5,045,158	$	276,454		$	938,116	$	64,020

September 30, 2023	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	806,744	$	78,797	Other liabilities	$	806,744	$	79,668
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	39,661		3,405		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	670,000		46,396		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		184,373		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	2,516,405	$	312,971		$	806,744	$	79,668

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk. These arrangements include hedges of individual fixed rate commercial loans and also hedges of a specified portion of pools of prepayable fixed rate mortgage loans under the "portfolio layer" method. These relationships qualify as fair value hedges under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"), which provides for offsetting of the recognition of gains and losses of the respective interest rate swap and the hedged items. Gains and losses on interest rate swaps designated in these hedge relationships, along with the offsetting gains and losses on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings within the same income statement line item.

Upon electing to apply ASC 815 fair value hedge accounting, the carrying value of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect the cumulative impact of changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk. The hedge basis adjustment remains with the hedged item until the hedged item is de-recognized from the balance sheet. The following tables present the impact of fair value hedge accounting on the carrying value of the hedged items at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)
	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are a portfolio layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $8,006,330,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(37,192,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $3,070,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $34,544,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(2,447,000).

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)
	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $1,780,503,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(45,622,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $670,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $36,367,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(3,243,000).

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to convert certain short-term borrowings to fixed rate payments. The primary purpose of these hedges is to mitigate the risk of changes in future cash flows resulting from increasing interest rates. For qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815, gains and losses on the interest rate swaps are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and then reclassified into earnings in the same period the hedged cash flows affect earnings and within the same income statement line item as the hedged cash flows. As of March 31, 2024, the maturities for hedges of adjustable-rate borrowings ranged from one year to six years, with the weighted average being 5.0 years.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments (cash flow hedges on borrowings) on AOCI for the periods presented.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	10,742	$	(21,972)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	10,742	$	(21,972)

(In thousands)	Six Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)

The following tables present the gain (loss) on derivative instruments in fair value and cash flow accounting hedging relationships under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024				Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	274,341	$	(44,065)	$	222,957	$	(28,185)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	8,517			$	4,237
Recognized on derivatives	15,515				(6,608)
Recognized on hedged items	(16,385)				6,696
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	7,647			$	4,325
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	11,714			$	9,457
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	11,714			$	9,457

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024				Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	520,133	$	(82,003)	$	426,903	$	(47,159)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	14,010			$	7,404
Recognized on derivatives	(9,981)				(9,457)
Recognized on hedged items	9,225				9,828
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	13,254			$	7,775
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	23,561			$	16,731
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	23,561			$	16,731

The Company periodically enters into certain interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rate payments, while the Company retains a variable rate loan. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable rate loan agreement and a swap agreement with the client. The swap agreement effectively converts the client’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate. The Company enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to offset its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the client's swap agreement. The interest rate swaps are derivatives under ASC 815, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The impact to the statement of operations was an increase in other income of $114,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and an increase of $26,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2023.

The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments (client swap program) that are not designated in accounting hedges under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	11,014	$	(11,143)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	(11,008)		11,169
		$	6	$	26

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)		Six Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	(17,695)	$	(15,021)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	17,809		15,047
		$	114	$	26

NOTE H – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Since net interest income on financial assets and liabilities is outside the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), a significant majority of Company revenues are not subject to that guidance.

Revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within non-interest income and are, in general, recognized as revenue at the same time the Company's obligation to the customer is satisfied. Most of the Company's customer contracts that are within the scope of the new guidance are cancelable by either party without penalty and are short-term in nature. These sources of revenue include depositor and other consumer and business banking fees, commission income, as well as debit and credit card interchange fees. In scope revenue streams represented approximately 3.5% of Company total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 4.0% for the six months ended March 31, 2023. As this standard is immaterial to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has omitted certain disclosures in ASC 606, including the disaggregation of revenue table. Sources of non-interest income within the scope of the guidance include the following:

Deposit related and other service charges (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company's deposit accounts are governed by standardized contracts customary in the industry. Revenues are earned at a point in time or over time (monthly) from account maintenance fees and charges for specific transactions such as wire transfers, stop payment orders, overdrafts, debit card replacements, check orders and cashier’s checks. The Company’s performance obligation related to each of these fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, at the time the service is provided (point in time or monthly). The Company is principal in each of these contracts.

Debit and Credit Card Interchange Fees (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company receives interchange fees from the debit card or credit card payment network based on transactions involving debit or credit cards issued by the Company, generally measured as a percentage of the underlying transaction. Interchange fees from debit and credit card transactions are recognized as the transaction processing services are provided by the network. The Company acts as an agent in the card payment network arrangement, so the interchange fees are recorded net of any expenses paid to the principal (the card payment network in this case).

Insurance Agency Commissions (recognized in Other income) - WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Washington Federal Bank that operates as an insurance agency, selling and marketing property and casualty insurance policies for a small number of high-quality insurance carriers. WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. earns revenue in the form of commissions paid by the insurance carriers for policies that have been sold. In addition to the origination commission, WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. may also receive contingent incentive fees based on the volume of business generated for the insurance carrier and based on policy renewal rates.

NOTE I – Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments - The Company’s lease commitments consist primarily of real estate property for branches and office space under various non-cancellable operating leases that expire between 2024 and 2070. The majority of the leases contain renewal options and provisions for increases in rental rates based on a predetermined schedule or an agreed upon index.

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk - The only material off-balance-sheet credit exposures are unfunded loan commitments, which had a combined balance of $3,859,416,000 and $3,625,333,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30,

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

2023, respectively. The reserve was $23,500,000 as of March 31, 2024, which is a decrease from $24,500,000 at September 30, 2023. See Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for details regarding the reserve methodology.

Legal Proceedings - The Company and its subsidiaries are from time-to-time defendants in and are threatened with various legal proceedings arising from regular business activities. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 2.                Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of WaFd, Inc. (the “Company” or “WaFd”) and its financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein and the Consolidated Financial Statements, accompanying notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and other disclosures contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 17, 2023 (the “2023 10-K”).

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “projects” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to help identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not historical facts, but instead represent current expectations, plans or forecasts of the Company and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company and the information available to management at the time that these disclosures were prepared. The Company intends for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and often are beyond the Company's control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the Company's forward-looking statements.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this report, and including the Risk Factors included in the Company’s 2023 10-K, and in any of the Company's other subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings, which could cause the Company's future results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, goals, estimates, intentions and expectations expressed in forward-looking statements:

Operational Risks:

•fluctuating interest rates and the impact of inflation on the Company's business and financial results;

•risks related to the Company's integration of the operations of Luther Burbank Corporation;

•impacts of the merger with Luther Burbank Corporation;

•risks related to the sale of loans designated as held for sale, including the expected benefits to the Company's financial performance and effect on future earnings per share;

•the effects of and changes in monetary and fiscal policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the U.S. Government;

•economic uncertainty or a deterioration in economic conditions or slowdowns in economic growth, including financial stress on borrowers (consumers and businesses) as a result of higher interest rates or an uncertain economic environment;

•global economic trends, including developments related to Ukraine and Russia, Israel and Gaza, and related negative financial impacts on our borrowers, the financial markets and the global economy;

•our ability to make accurate assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the assets securing these loans;

•risks related to operational, technological, and third-party provided technology infrastructure;

•risks associated with cybersecurity incidents and threat actors;

•the effects of natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events and pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), and the resulting governmental and societal responses, including on our asset credit quality and business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions;

•risks associated with our failure to retain or attract key employees;

•risks associated with failures of our risk management framework;

•risks related to the impacts of climate change on our business or reputation.

Regulatory and Litigation Risk:

•the Company’s ability to manage the risks and costs involved in the remediation efforts to the Bank's Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (“HMDA”) compliance and reporting, and the impact of enforcement actions or legal proceedings with respect to the Bank’s HMDA program;

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

•non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Truth-in-Lending Act, Community Reinvestment Act, Fair Lending Laws, Flood Insurance Reform Act or other laws and regulations;

•legislative and regulatory limitations, including those arising under the Dodd-Frank Act, the Washington Commercial Bank Act and potential limitations in the manner in which the Company conducts its business and undertakes new investments and activities;

•risks associated with increases to deposit insurance premiums or special assessments;

•litigation risks resulting in significant expenses, losses and reputational damage;

•environmental risks resulting from our real estate lending business.

Market and Industry Risk:

•eroding confidence in the banking system and regional banks in particular;

•downturns in the real estate market;

•changes in other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and technological factors affecting the Company's markets, operations, pricing, products, services and fees;

•risks associated with inadequate or faulty underwriting and loan collection practices;

•changes in banking operations, including a shift from retail to online activities;

•risks associated with our geographic concentration, including the effects of a severe economic downturn, including high unemployment rates and declines in housing prices and property values, in our primary market areas;

•industry deficiencies in foreclosure practices, including delays and challenges in the foreclosure process;

•impairment of goodwill.

Competitive Risks:

•competition from other financial institutions and new market participants, offering services similar to those offered by the Bank;

•our ability to grow organically or through acquisitions;

•risks associated with our entry into the California market.

Security Ownership Risks:

•our ability to continue to pay dividends, including on our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock;

•risks related to the volatility of our Common Stock, and future dilution;

•the ability of the Company to obtain external financing to fund its operations or obtain financing on favorable terms;

•risks related to Washington's anti-takeover statute;

•effects of activist shareholders.

General Risks:

•the success of the Company at managing the risks involved in the foregoing and managing its business; and

•the timing and occurrence or non-occurrence of events that may be subject to circumstances beyond the Company's control.

For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements. You should not consider the summary of such factors to be an exhaustive statement of all of the risks, uncertainties, or potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause our current expectations or beliefs to change. Further, all forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, changes to future operating results over time, or the impact of circumstances arising after the date the forward-looking statement was made.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

GENERAL & BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Washington Federal Bank, a federally-insured state-charted commercial bank dba WaFd Bank (the “Bank” or “WaFd Bank”), was founded on April 24, 1917 in Ballard, Washington and is engaged primarily in providing lending, depository, insurance and other banking services to consumers, mid-sized to large businesses, and owners and developers of commercial real estate. Washington Federal, Inc., a Washington corporation was formed as the Bank’s holding company in November, 1994. On September 27, 2023, Articles of Amendment were filed with the Washington Secretary of State, to change the name of Washington Federal, Inc. to WaFd, Inc. This change was effective on September 29, 2023. As used throughout this document, the terms “WaFd,” the “Company” or “we” or “us” and “our” refer to the WaFd, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to the operating subsidiary, Washington Federal Bank dba WaFd Bank. The Company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington.

On February 29, 2024, WaFd, Inc. closed its previously announced merger with Luther Burbank Corporation ("Luther Burbank" or "LBC"), a California corporation, effective as of 12:00am on March 1, 2024. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time Luther Burbank merged with and into the Company (the “Corporate Merger”), with the Company surviving the Corporate Merger. Promptly following the Corporate Merger, Luther Burbank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, merged with and into WaFd Bank with WaFd Bank as the surviving institution (the “Bank Merger”). The Corporate Merger and the Bank Merger are collectively referred to in this Current Report on Form 10-Q as the “Merger.” The merger added approximately $7.7 billion of LBC assets at fair value to the Company's balance sheet, and the Company assumed $50,175,000 in floating rate junior subordinated debentures, due June 2036 and June 2037, and $93,514,000 in 6.5% senior unsecured term notes maturing September 30, 2024. The Merger expanded WaFd Bank's footprint to nine western states with the addition of ten California branches of Luther Burbank.

The Corporate Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and was effectively an all-stock transaction accounted for as a business combination. As a result of the Merger, the Company's financials as of March 31, 2024 reflect the newly combined entity, and the activity for the quarter then ended includes one month of LBC-related activity. Given this, the Company's financial results for the second fiscal quarter of 2024 may not be directly comparable to prior reported periods.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

See Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" above. Also, refer to "Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2023 10-K.

ASSET QUALITY & ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

See Note A, D and E to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" above. Also, refer to "Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2023 10-K.

INTEREST RATE RISK

Based on management's assessment of the current interest rate environment, the Company has taken steps, including growing shorter-term loans and transaction deposit accounts, to reduce its interest rate risk profile. The mix of transaction and savings accounts is 58% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024 while the composition of the investment securities portfolio is 52% variable and 48% fixed rate. When interest rates rise, the fair value of the investment securities with fixed rates will decrease and vice versa when interest rates decline. The Company has $457,882,000 of mortgage-backed securities that it has designated as HTM and are carried at amortized cost. As of March 31, 2024, the net unrealized loss on these securities was $50,421,000. The Company has $2,438,114,000 of AFS securities that are carried at fair value. As of March 31, 2024, the net unrealized loss on these securities was $85,022,000. The Company has executed interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk on certain FHLB borrowings. The unrealized gain on these interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2024 was $154,588,000. All of the above are pre-tax net unrealized gains or losses.

The Company relies on various measures of interest rate risk, including an asset/liability analysis, modeling of changes in forecasted net interest income under various rate change scenarios, and the impact of interest rate changes on the net portfolio value (“NPV”) of the Company.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Net Interest Income Sensitivity - The Company estimates the sensitivity of its net interest income to changes in market interest rates using an interest rate simulation model that includes assumptions related to the level of balance sheet growth, deposit repricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments for multiple interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity depends on certain repricing characteristics in the Company's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the maturity structure of assets and liabilities and their repricing characteristics during the periods of changes in market interest rates. The analysis assumes a constant balance sheet. Actual results would differ from the assumptions used in this model, as management monitors and adjusts loan and deposit pricing and the size and composition of the balance sheet to respond to changing interest rates.

As of March 31, 2024, in the event of an immediate and parallel increase of 200 basis points in both short and long-term interest rates, the model estimates that net interest income would increase by 9.3% in the next year. This compares to an estimated decrease of 2.0% as of the September 30, 2023 analysis. The current results reflect the assumed redeployment of the funds received from the loans held for sale balance. Further, a flattening yield curve where the spread between short-term and long-term rates decreases would likely result in lower net interest income and vice versa for a steepening yield curve. Management estimates that a gradual increase of 300 basis points in short term rates and 100 basis points in long-term rates over two years would result in a net interest income increase of 3.1% in the first year and increase of 8.1% in the second year assuming a constant balance sheet and no management intervention. Alternatively, in the event of an immediate and parallel decrease of 100 basis points in both short and long-term interest rates, the model estimates that net interest income would decrease by 0.16%.

NPV Sensitivity - NPV is an estimate of the market value of shareholders' equity. NPV is calculated as the difference between the present value of expected cash flows from interest-earning assets and the present value of expected cash flows from interest-paying liabilities and off-balance-sheet contracts. The sensitivity of NPV to changes in interest rates provides a view of interest rate risk as it incorporates all future expected cash flows. As of March 31, 2024, in the event of an immediate and parallel increase of 200 basis points in interest rates, the NPV is estimated to decrease by $609,000,000 or 19.14% and the NPV to total assets ratio to decline to 9.22% from a base of 10.90%. As of September 30, 2023, the NPV in the event of a 200 basis point increase in rates was estimated to decrease by $723,000,000 or 27.41% and the NPV to total assets ratio to decline to 9.50% from a base of 12.40%. The change in the sensitivity of the NPV ratio to this assumed change in interest rates is primarily due to the flattening of the yield curve and changes in balance sheet mix during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Prepayment speeds continue to be low at March 31, 2024 with the Bank's conditional payment rate ("CPR") for single family mortgages at 4.80%, down from 5.80% the year before.

As of March 31, 2024, in the event of an immediate and parallel decrease of 100 basis points in interest rates is estimated to increase NPV by $114,000,000 or 3.60% and the NPV to total assets ratio to grow to 11.12% from a base of 10.90%.

Net Interest Margin - Net interest margin is measured as net interest income divided by average earning assets for the period. Net interest margin was 2.73% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to 3.51% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 38 basis points to 5.50% and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 129 basis points to 3.32% over that same period. The higher yield on interest-earning assets was primarily due to the impact of rising rates on adjustable-rate assets and cash. The higher rate in interest-bearing liabilities resulted primarily from customer deposits repricing and higher rates on borrowings.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table sets forth the information explaining the changes in the net interest margin for the period indicated compared to the same period one year ago.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024						Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Assets
Loans receivable	$	19,696,515	$	274,341	5.60	%	$	17,097,130	$	222,957	5.29	%
Mortgage-backed securities	1,470,581		12,905		3.53		1,355,403		10,422		3.12
Cash & Investments	2,020,460		28,901		5.75		1,657,027		19,786		4.84
FHLB stock	138,452		2,679		7.78		139,484		2,181		6.34
Total interest-earning assets	23,326,008		318,826		5.50	%	20,249,044		255,346		5.11	%
Other assets	1,581,368						1,491,981
Total assets	$	24,907,376					$	21,741,025
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing customer accounts	$	15,080,002	$	116,164	3.10	%	$	12,746,827	$	52,123	1.66	%
Borrowings	4,323,454		44,065		4.10		3,235,278		27,659		3.47
Total interest-bearing liabilities	19,403,456		160,229		3.32	%	16,028,772		80,308		2.03	%
Noninterest-bearing customer accounts	2,536,757						3,046,867
Other liabilities	328,680						290,702
Total liabilities	22,268,893						19,366,341
Shareholders' equity	2,638,483						2,374,684
Total liabilities and equity	$	24,907,376					$	21,741,025
Net interest income/interest rate spread			$	158,597	2.18	%			$	175,038	3.08	%
Net interest margin (NIM)					2.73	%					3.51	%

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024						Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Assets
Loans receivable	$	18,609,321	$	520,133	5.59	%	$	16,835,843	$	426,903	5.09	%
Mortgage-backed securities	1,403,513		24,171		3.44		1,362,154		21,035		3.10
Cash & Investments	1,935,418		56,255		5.81		1,624,258		37,272		4.60
FHLB stock	131,196		5,113		7.79		128,573		3,555		5.55
Total interest-earning assets	22,079,448		605,672		5.49	%	19,950,828		488,765		4.91	%
Other assets	1,558,068						1,496,485
Total assets	$	23,637,516					$	21,447,313
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing customer accounts	$	14,159,221	$	212,835	3.01	%	$	12,678,483	$	83,769	1.33	%
Borrowings	4,019,177		82,003		4.08		2,985,577		47,159		3.17
Total interest-bearing liabilities	18,178,398		294,838		3.24	%	15,664,060		130,928		1.68	%
Noninterest-bearing customer accounts	2,596,192						3,147,155
Other liabilities	320,416						297,546
Total liabilities	21,095,006						19,108,761
Shareholders' equity	2,542,510						2,338,552
Total liabilities and equity	$	23,637,516					$	21,447,313
Net interest income/interest rate spread			$	310,834	2.24	%			$	357,837	3.24	%
Net interest margin (NIM)					2.81	%					3.60	%

As of March 31, 2024, total assets had increased by $7,665,613,000 to $30,140,288,000 from $22,474,675,000 at September 30, 2023 primarily due to the addition of $7,676,343,000 of LBC assets at fair value in connection with the Merger. During the six months ended March 31, 2024, loans receivable increased $3,318,709,000 and FHLB stock increased by $33,997,000 while cash and cash equivalents increased by $525,122,000 and investment securities increased by $477,313,000.

Cash and cash equivalents of $1,505,771,000 and shareholders’ equity of $2,921,906,000 as of March 31, 2024 provide management with flexibility in managing interest rate risk going forward.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The principal sources of funds for the Company's activities are loan repayments (including prepayments), net deposit inflows, sales and repayments of investments and borrowings and retained earnings, if applicable. The Company's principal sources of revenue are interest on loans and interest and dividends on investments. Additionally, the Company earns fee income for loan, deposit, insurance and other services.

The Bank has a credit line with the FHLB - DM of up to 45% of total assets depending on specific collateral eligibility. This line provides the Bank a substantial source of additional liquidity. The Bank has entered into borrowing agreements with the FHLB - DM to borrow funds under a short-term floating rate cash management advance program and fixed-rate term loan agreements. All borrowings are secured by stock of the FHLB - DM, deposits with the FHLB - DM, and a blanket pledge of qualifying loans receivable. The Bank also has a credit line with the FHLB - SF in support of LBC borrowings from the FHLB - SF, but the Bank is unable to take down new advances against this line. The FHLB - SF credit line is secured by a line-item pledge of single-family residential mortgages that are specifically identified.

To ensure ample contingent liquidity the Bank participates in the FRB of San Francisco Borrower-in-Custody program which collateralizes primary credit borrowings and serves as a backstop for the FHLB - DM credit line. Due to differing program requirements between the FHLB - DM and FRB of San Francisco, participating in both increases the amount of eligible collateral that may be pledged in support of contingent liquidity needs. The Bank is also eligible to borrow under the Federal

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Reserve Bank's primary credit program. The Bank elected to utilize the Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP") to leverage its highly favorable terms to fortify the Bank's liquidity position. These borrowings are repayable at any time without penalty and are currently the lowest cost funding source available. The Federal Reserve ceased making new BTFP loans on March 11, 2024.

The Company has classified a portion of the LBC multi-family portfolio as held-for-sale and has engaged a third party to facilitate this process. The Company is currently working through the bidding process. The cash proceeds from the sale will provide substantial additional liquidity that can be used to reduce debt and originate loans.

Customer accounts balances increased by $5,269,444,000, or 32.8%, to $21,339,773,000 at March 31, 2024 compared with $16,070,329,000 at September 30, 2023. This increase the result of the addition of $5,640,440,000 of LBC accounts in connection with the Merger. Total borrowings were $5,345,518,000 as of March 31, 2024 an increase from $3,650,000,000 at September 30, 2023. The increase in borrowings was also due to the Merger which added $1,432,138,000 in LBC balances.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents totaled $1,505,771,000 at March 31, 2024, an increase from $980,649,000 at September 30, 2023. These amounts include the Bank's operating cash and $627,403,000 in cash obtained in the Merger.

The Company’s shareholders' equity at March 31, 2024 was $2,921,906,000, or 9.69% of total assets. This is an increase of $495,480,000 from September 30, 2023 when shareholders' equity was $2,426,426,000, or 10.80% of total assets. The Company’s shareholders' equity was impacted in the six months ended March 31, 2024 by the stock consideration paid in the Merger of $465,504,000, net income of $74,341,000, the payment of $32,472,000 in common stock dividends, payment of $7,312,000 in preferred stock dividends, treasury stock purchases of $17,304,000, as well as other comprehensive income of $5,014,000. The ratio of tangible capital to tangible assets at March 31, 2024 was 8.31%. Management believes the Company's strong equity position allows it to manage balance sheet risk and provide the capital support needed for controlled growth in a regulated environment.

WaFd, Inc. and its banking subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.

Federal banking agencies establish regulatory capital rules that require minimum capital ratios and establish criteria for calculating regulatory capital. Minimum capital ratios for four measures are used for assessing capital adequacy. The standards are indicated in the table below. The common equity tier 1 capital ratio recognizes common equity as the highest form of capital. The denominator for all except the leverage ratio is risk weighted assets. The rules set forth a “capital conservation buffer” of up to 2.5%. In the event that a bank’s capital levels fall below the minimum ratios plus these buffers, the bank's regulators may place restrictions on it. These restrictions include reducing dividend payments, share buy-backs, and staff bonus payments. The purpose of these buffers is to require banks to build up capital outside of periods of stress that can be drawn down during periods of stress. As a result, even during periods where losses are incurred, the minimum capital ratios can still be met.

There are also standards for Adequate and Well Capitalized criteria that are used for “Prompt Corrective Action” purposes. To remain categorized as well capitalized, the Bank and the Company must maintain minimum common equity risk-based, tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based and tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

As of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject, and the Bank's regulators categorized it as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

	Actual				Minimum Capital Adequacy Guidelines		Minimum Well-Capitalized Guidelines
($ in thousands)	Capital		Ratio		Ratio		Ratio
March 31, 2024
Common Equity Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	$	2,074,332	10.07	%	4.50	%	NA
The Bank	2,427,110		11.78	%	4.50	%	6.50	%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	2,374,332		11.52	%	6.00	%	NA
The Bank	2,427,110		11.78	%	6.00	%	8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	2,649,878		12.86	%	8.00	%	NA
The Bank	2,652,187		12.87	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Tier 1 Leverage ratio:
The Company	2,374,332		9.68	%	4.00	%	NA
The Bank	2,427,110		9.91	%	4.00	%	5.00	%
September 30, 2023
Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	$	1,769,170	10.37	%	4.50	%	NA
The Bank	1,982,943		11.63	%	4.50	%	6.50	%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	2,069,170		12.12	%	6.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,982,943		11.63	%	6.00	%	8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	2,270,877		13.31	%	8.00	%	NA
The Bank	2,184,650		12.81	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Tier 1 Leverage ratio:
The Company	2,069,170		9.39	%	4.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,982,943		9.10	%	4.00	%	5.00	%

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Cash and cash equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents were $1,505,771,000 at March 31, 2024, an increase of $525,122,000, or 53.5%, since September 30, 2023. This increase reflects cash received from LBC as a result of the Merger offset by lending and outflows on customer accounts.

Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities - AFS securities increased $443,017,000, or 22.2%, during the six months ended March 31, 2024, mostly due to the addition of LBC's AFS investments. During this time the Bank also had securities purchases of $214,707,000 and unrealized gains during the period of $2,244,000 offset by principal repayments and maturities of $150,666,000. During the same period, the balance of HTM securities increased by $34,296,000 primarily due to the purchase of $47,670,000 of HTM securities. There were also principal pay-downs and maturities of $15,800,000 during the period. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had a total net unrealized loss on AFS securities of $85,022,000, which is included on a net of tax basis in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

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Substantially all of the Company’s HTM and AFS debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for HTM securities as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023 as the investment portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities that management deems to have immaterial risk of loss. The impact going forward will depend on the composition, characteristics, and credit quality of the securities portfolios as well as the economic conditions at future reporting periods. The Company does not believe that any of its AFS debt securities had credit loss impairment as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023, therefore, no allowance was recorded.

Loans receivable - Loans receivable, net of related contra accounts, increased by $3,318,709,000 to $20,795,259,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $17,476,550,000 at September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily the addition of loans obtained in the Merger. Additionally, the balance reflects originations of $1,697,179,000, a decrease to loans-in-process of $212,544,000, and principal repayments of $2,136,858,000. Commercial loan originations accounted for 76% of total originations and consumer loan originations were 24% during the six months ended March 31, 2024. The Company continues to focus on commercial lending and growing operations in all major markets in which we operate.

The following table shows the loan portfolio by category and the change.

	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023				Change
	($ in thousands)				($ in thousands)				$		%
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,173,375	18.5	%	$	2,907,086	14.8	%	$	1,266,289	43.6	%
Commercial real estate	3,570,790		15.8		3,344,959		17.0		225,831		6.8
Commercial & industrial	2,290,452		10.1		2,321,717		11.8		(31,265)		(1.3)
Construction	2,631,783		11.6		3,318,994		16.9		(687,211)		(20.7)
Land - acquisition & development	215,831		1.0		201,538		1.0		14,293		7.1
Total commercial loans	12,882,231		57.0		12,094,294		61.6		787,937		6.5
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,816,039		39.0		6,451,270		32.8		2,364,769		36.7
Construction - custom	466,740		2.1		672,643		3.4		(205,903)		(30.6)
Land - consumer lot loans	115,022		0.5		125,723		0.6		(10,701)		(8.5)
HELOC	243,852		1.1		234,410		1.2		9,442		4.0
Consumer	74,269		0.3		70,164		0.4		4,105		5.9
Total consumer loans	9,715,922		43.0		7,554,210		38.4		2,161,712		28.6
Total gross loans	22,598,153		100	%	19,648,504		100	%	2,949,649		15.0
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	201,577				177,207				24,370		13.8
Loans in process	1,303,978				1,895,940				(591,962)		(31.2)
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	297,339				98,807				198,532		200.9
Total loan contra accounts	1,802,894				2,171,954				(369,060)		(17.0)
Net loans	$	20,795,259			$	17,476,550			$	3,318,709	19.0	%

Non-performing assets - Non-performing assets increased $10,437,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2024 to $68,361,000 from $57,924,000 at September 30, 2023. The change is primarily due to a $13,487,000 increase in non-accrual loans acquired in the Merger. Given that the overall assets grew with the Merger, non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets was 0.23% at March 31, 2024 compared to 0.26% at September 30, 2023.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table sets forth information regarding non-performing assets.

	March 31, 2024					September 30, 2023
	($ in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Multi - family	$	8,377		13.8	%	$	5,127		10.2	%
Commercial real estate	27,022			44.4		23,435			46.5
Commercial & industrial	4,436			7.3		6,082			12.1
Construction	—			—		—			—
Land - acquisition & development	112			0.2		—			—
Single-family residential	20,016			32.9		14,918			29.6
Construction - custom	88			0.2		88			0.2
Land - consumer lot loans	—			—		9			—
HELOC	491			0.8		736			1.5
Consumer	264			0.4		27			0.1
Total non-accrual loans	60,806			100	%	50,422			100	%
Real estate owned	4,245					4,149
Other property owned	3,310					3,353
Total non-performing assets	$	68,361				$	57,924
Total non-performing assets and performing restructured loans as a percentage of total assets	0.23		%			0.26		%

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $435,000 in interest income on cash payments received from borrowers on non-accrual loans. Recognized interest income on loans for the six months ended March 31, 2024 was lower than what otherwise would have been recognized in the period due to the collection of past due amounts. The Company would have recognized interest income of $1,347,000 for the same period had these loans performed according to their original contract terms. In addition to the non-accrual loans reflected in the above table, the Company had $259,164,000 of loans that were less than 90 days delinquent at March 31, 2024 but were classified as substandard for one or more reasons. If these loans were deemed non-performing, the Company's ratio of total NPAs as a percent of total assets would have increased to 1.09% at March 31, 2024.

Loans may be modified as the result of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty needing relief from the contractual terms of their loan. Most loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has approached the Company about modification due to temporary financial difficulties. Each request for modification is individually evaluated for merit and likelihood of success. Often a term extension is needed in the short term in order to evaluate the need for further corrective action. Payment delays and interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period. Principal forgiveness is not an available option for restructured loans.

For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are generally required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances after the required six consecutive payments are made, a management assessment will conclude that collection of the entire principal balance is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual. Homogeneous loans may or may not be on accrual status at the time of restructuring, but all are placed on accrual status upon the restructuring of the loan. Homogeneous loans are restructured only if the borrower can demonstrate the ability to meet the restructured payment terms; otherwise, collection is pursued and the loan remains on non-accrual status until liquidated. If the homogeneous restructured loan does not perform, it will be placed in non-accrual status when it is 90 days delinquent.

Allowance for credit losses - The following table shows the composition of the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023				Change
Allowance for credit losses:	($ in thousands)				($ in thousands)				$		%
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	21,979	10.9	%	13,155		7.4	%	$	8,824	67.1	%
Commercial real estate	32,991		16.4		28,842		16.3		4,149		14.4
Commercial & industrial	59,261		29.4		58,773		33.2		488		0.8
Construction	27,317		13.5		29,408		16.6		(2,091)		(7.1)
Land - acquisition & development	7,865		3.9		7,016		4.0		849		12.1
Total commercial loans	149,413		74.1		137,194		77.4		12,219		8.9
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	41,054		20.4		28,029		15.8		13,025		46.5
Construction - custom	1,918		0.9		2,781		1.6		(863)		(31.0)
Land - consumer lot loans	3,214		1.6		3,512		2.0		(298)		(8.5)
HELOC	2,974		1.5		2,859		1.6		115		4.0
Consumer	3,004		1.5		2,832		1.6		172		6.1
Total consumer loans	52,164		25.9		40,013		22.6		12,151		30.4
Total allowance for loan losses	201,577		100.0	%	177,207		100.0	%	24,370		13.8
Reserve for unfunded commitments	23,500				22,500				1,000		4.4
Total allowance for credit losses	$	225,077			$	199,707			$	25,370	12.7	%

Management believes the allowance for credit losses of $225,077,000, or 1.00% of gross loans, is sufficient to absorb estimated losses inherent in the portfolio of loans and unfunded commitments. See Note E and Note I for further details of the allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments as of and for the period ended March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

Real estate owned ("REO") - REO increased during the six months ended March 31, 2024 by $96,000 to $4,245,000. The increase was due to the addition of former branch properties for sale offset by existing REO sales.

Intangible assets - Intangible assets increased to $453,539,000 as of March 31, 2024 from $310,619,000 as of September 30, 2023 primarily as the result of the Merger. The increase included goodwill of $106,276,000 and core deposit intangibles of $37,462,000.

Customer accounts - Customer accounts increased $5,269,444,000, or 32.8%, to $21,339,773,000 at March 31, 2024 compared with $16,070,329,000 at September 30, 2023 due to the addition of $5,640,440,000 in deposits obtained in the Merger. Transaction accounts increased by $1,573,549,000 or 14.6% during that period, while time deposits increased $3,695,895,000 or 69.7% as 66% of the LBC customer accounts were time deposits.

The following table shows the composition of the Bank’s customer accounts by deposit type.

	March 31, 2024						September 30, 2023
	Deposit Account Balance		As a % of Total Deposits		Weighted Average Rate		Deposit Account Balance		As a % of Total Deposits		Weighted Average Rate
($ in thousands)
Non-interest checking	$	2,482,010	11.6	%	—	%	$	2,706,448	16.8	%	—	%
Interest checking	4,579,413		21.6		3.09		3,882,715		24.2		2.28
Savings	771,260		3.6		0.27		817,547		5.1		0.21
Money market	4,506,179		21.1		2.21		3,358,603		20.9		1.48
Time deposits	9,000,911		42.1		4.21		5,305,016		33.0		3.77
Total	$	21,339,773	100	%	2.92	%	$	16,070,329	100	%	2.12	%

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Borrowings - Total FHLB and FRB borrowings were $5,345,518,000 as of March 31, 2024 an increase from $3,650,000,000 as of September 30, 2023. This increase was driven by the additional $1,432,138,000 of FHLB and FRB borrowings assumed in connection with the Merger. The company also assumed additional LBC debt in the form of $50,175,000 in floating rate junior subordinated debentures, due June 2036 and June 2037, and $93,514,000 in 6.5% senior unsecured term notes maturing September 30, 2024. The weighted average rate of the combined combined borrowings and debt was 4.48% as of March 31, 2024 and 3.98% at September 30, 2023.

Shareholders' equity - The Company’s shareholders' equity at March 31, 2024 was $2,921,906,000, or 9.69% of total assets. This is an increase of $495,480,000 from September 30, 2023 when shareholders' equity was $2,426,426,000, or 10.80% of total assets. The Company’s shareholders' equity was impacted in the six months ended March 31, 2024 by the stock consideration paid in the Merger of $465,504,000, net income of $74,341,000, the payment of $32,472,000 in common stock dividends, payment of $7,312,000 in preferred stock dividends, treasury stock purchases of $17,304,000, as well as changes in other comprehensive income of $5,014,000.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income - The Company recorded net income of $15,888,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $65,934,000 for the prior year quarter, a decrease of 75.90%. The Company recorded net income of $74,341,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $145,443,000 for the prior year same period. The changes are due to the factors described below.

Net Interest Income - For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net interest income was $158,597,000, which is a decline of $16,441,000, or 9.39%, compared with the same quarter of the prior year. Net interest margin was 2.73% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to 3.51% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in net interest income is largely due to rising deposit costs. The average rate earned on interest-earning assets grew by 38 basis points to 5.50% while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased by 129 basis points to 3.32%. Additionally, average interest-earning assets increased by $3,076,964,000 from the same quarter last year while average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $3,374,684,000. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, net interest income was $310,834,000, which is a decline of $47,003,000 from the same period of the prior year. Net interest margin was 2.81% for the six months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 3.60% for the prior year same period.

The following table sets forth certain information explaining changes in interest income and interest expense for the period indicated compared to the same period one year ago. For each category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, information is provided on changes attributable to (1) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (2) changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by old volume). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Rate / Volume Analysis:

	Comparison of Three Months Ended 3/31/24 and 3/31/23						Comparison of Six Months Ended 3/31/24 and 3/31/23
($ in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Total		Volume		Rate		Total
Interest income:
Loans receivable	$	37,082	$	14,302	$	51,384	$	48,258	$	44,972	$	93,230
Mortgage-backed securities	974		1,509		2,483		680		2,456		3,136
Investments1	5,007		4,606		9,613		8,161		12,380		20,541
All interest-earning assets	43,063		20,417		63,480		57,099		59,808		116,907
Interest expense:
Customer accounts	11,123		52,918		64,041		10,865		118,201		129,066
Borrowings	10,231		5,649		15,880		19,065		15,779		34,844
All interest-bearing liabilities	21,354		58,567		79,921		29,930		133,980		163,910
Change in net interest income	$	21,709	$	(38,150)	$	(16,441)	$	27,169	$	(74,172)	$	(47,003)

___________________ 

1Includes interest on cash equivalents and dividends on FHLB stock.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Provision for Credit Losses - The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $3,500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The provision in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was largely the initial ACL recorded on the acquired LBC loan portfolio as the WaFd legacy portfolio was stable in both balance and credit quality. The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $6,000,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $146,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,877,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $33,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,388,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Other Income - The three months ended March 31, 2024 results include total other income of $13,392,000 compared to $10,072,000 for the same period one year ago, a $3,320,000 increase. The increase is primarily due to decreased losses on certain equity method investments, increases in WAFD Insurance Group commissions and overall fee increases as a result of the Merger. The six months ended March 31, 2024 results include total other income of $27,559,000 compared to $24,096,000 for the same period one year ago, a $3,463,000 increase. The increase is primarily due to the items described above.

Other Expense - Total other expense was $133,712,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $36,831,000 from $96,881,000 for the prior year quarter. Compensation expense increased as a result of $19,000,000 in merger-related retention, severance and change-in-control expenses combined with a larger post-merger workforce. FDIC premiums increased $3,900,000 compared to the same period last year and included $1,800,000 related to an FDIC special assessment. Miscellaneous other expense also increased by $10,900,000 compared to the same quarter in the prior year due to $5,900,00 in merger-related expenses combined with a $2,000,000 charitable donation and legal and compliance related accruals. Total other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 equaled 2.15% and 1.78%, respectively, of average assets. Total other expense was $230,252,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $41,093,000 from $189,159,000 for the prior year same period. Total other expense for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 equaled 1.95% and 1.76%, respectively, of average assets.

Gain (Loss) on Real Estate Owned - Results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 include a net loss on REO of $1,315,000, compared to a net loss of $199,000 for the prior year quarter. The loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was due to property sales at less than carrying value for a former branch property held for sale. Results for the six months ended March 31, 2024 include a net gain on REO of $511,000, compared to a net loss of $311,000 for the prior year same period.

Income Tax Expense - Income tax expense totaled $5,074,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $18,596,000 for the prior year quarter. The effective tax rate was 24.21% and 22.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Income tax expense totaled $18,311,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $41,020,000 for the prior year same period. The effective tax rate was 19.76% and 22.00% for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate varies from the statutory rate mainly due to state taxes, tax-exempt income, tax-credit investments miscellaneous non-deductible expenses and discrete tax adjustments for prior periods.

Item 3.                Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

See Interest Rate Risk under Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the sections referenced there in for quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk. For a complete discussion of the Company’s quantitative and qualitative market risk, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 4.                Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the "Evaluation

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Date"). Based on the evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the period to which this report relates, there have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are involved in legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business that in the aggregate are believed by management to be immaterial to the financial statements of the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under "Part I--Item 1A--Risk Factors" in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. These factors could materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause its actual results to differ materially from its historical results or the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

Combining Luther Burbank with the Company may prove more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected, and the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the merger may not be realized.

The Merger with Luther Burbank involves the integration of two companies that have previously operated independently, and involves numerous operational, strategic, financial, accounting, legal and other functions that must be integrated. The ultimate success of the Merger will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated cost savings from combining the businesses of WaFd and Luther Burbank. To realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings from the merger, we must successfully integrate Luther Burbank’s operations with ours in a manner that permits those cost savings to be realized, without adversely affecting current revenues and future growth. Difficulties in integrating Luther Burbank may result in the combined company performing differently than expected, in operational challenges or in the failure to realize these anticipated cost savings. If the cost of integration takes longer or is more costly than projected, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected.

A failure to sell loans designated as held for sale could adversely impact the Company's financial performance and earnings per share.

We have identified a portion of the LBC multi-family loan portfolio as held-for-sale. Our successful sale of these loans will be subject to a number of contingencies, including the buyers completion of customary due diligence and the negotiation and execution of definitive agreements. Our ability to successfully close on a sale of these loans may also be affected by market conditions outside our control, including continued fluctuations in interest rates, deteriorating economic conditions or declines in the real estate market, If we are unable to complete the sale of these loans, the sale of these loans is substantially delayed, or the purchase price is significantly lower than our estimates, these anticipated benefits of the sale may not be realized could have an adverse effect on our revenues, expenses and operating results, which may adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Our entry into California may present increased risk that may adversely impact our business, prospects and financial condition.

The Merger will result in the Bank’s initial entry into the state of California, where we have no operating experience. Although we have retained a number of Luther Burbank’s lending and business development officers with experience in the California market, we are new to this market area, and we may not be successful in retaining those existing employees. The banking and financial services business in California is highly competitive. The entry of the Bank into California presents us with different competitive conditions, and we will be required to compete for loans, deposits and customers for financial services with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, securities and brokerage companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money market funds, credit unions and other nonbank financial service providers in California. Many of these competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader array of financial services than the Company. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively in California, and if we are unable to compete effectively in California, the benefits we were anticipating from the Merger may not be fully achieved, and our results of operations and financial conditions could be materially and adversely affected.

Item 2.                 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table provides information with respect to purchases of Common Stock made by or on behalf of the Company of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024 under the Company's stock repurchase plan.

	Period	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of  Publicly Announced Plan1	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan at the End of the Period
January 1, 2024 to January 31, 2024	3,996	$	31.94	—	1,857,294
February 1, 2024 to February 29, 2024	2,149	28.89		—	1,855,145
March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	1,692	28.58		—	1,853,453
Total	7,837	$	30.38	—	1,853,453

1The Company's stock repurchase program was publicly announced by its Board of Directors on February 3, 1995 and has no expiration date. Under this ongoing program, a total of 76,956,264 shares were authorized for repurchase. This includes the 10,000,000 additional shares authorized by the Board of Directors on January 26, 2021.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is subject to bank regulatory requirements, including (but not limited to) the capital adequacy regulations and policies established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Company’s Board of Directors' dividend policy is to review our financial performance, capital adequacy, regulatory compliance and cash resources on a quarterly basis, and, if such review is favorable, to declare and pay a quarterly cash dividend to common shareholders. The Company’s 4.875% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Series A Preferred”), ranks senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to payment of dividends, and dividends (if declared) accrue and are payable on the Series A Preferred a rate of 4.875% per annum, payable quarterly, in arrears. While the Series A Preferred is outstanding, unless the full dividend for the preceding quarterly period is paid in full, or declared and a sum set aside, no dividend may be declared or paid on the Company’s common stock.

Item 3.                Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4.                Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5.                Other Information

Trading Arrangements - During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on 10-Q, no director or executive officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6.                Exhibits

(a)	Exhibits
	31.1	Section 302 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer *
	31.2	Section 302 Certification by the Chief Financial Officer *
	32	Section 906 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer *
	101	Financial Statements from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 formatted in iXBRL *
	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). *
* Filed herewith

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WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

May 3, 2024	/S/    BRENT J. BEARDALL
	BRENT J. BEARDALL President & Chief Executive Officer
May 3, 2024	/S/    KELLI J. HOLZ
	KELLI J. HOLZ Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
May 3, 2024	/S/    BLAYNE A. SANDEN
	BLAYNE A. SANDEN Senior Vice President and Principal Accounting Officer

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CERTIFICATION

I, Brent J. Beardall, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of WaFd, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 3, 2024	/s/ Brent J. Beardall
		BRENT J. BEARDALL President & Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CERTIFICATION

I, Kelli J. Holz, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of WaFd, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this quarterly report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 3, 2024	/s/ Kelli J. Holz
		KELLI J. HOLZ
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

WAFD, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of WaFd, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the undersigned's best knowledge and belief:

(a) the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(b) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 3, 2024

WaFd, Inc.

(Company)

/s/ Brent J. Beardall

BRENT J. BEARDALL

President & Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Kelli J. Holz

KELLI J. HOLZ

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34654
Entity Registrant Name	WAFD, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	WA
Entity Tax Identification Number	91-1661606
Entity Address, Address Line One	425 Pike Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Seattle
Entity Address, State or Province	WA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	98101
City Area Code	206
Local Phone Number	624-7930
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		81,414,833
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Central Index Key	0000936528
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share
Trading Symbol	WAFD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 4.875% Fixed Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 4.875% Fixed Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
Trading Symbol	WAFDP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,505,771	$ 980,649
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114	1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882	423,586
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $201,577 and $177,207	20,795,259	17,476,550
Loans held for sale	2,993,658	0
Interest receivable	115,484	87,003
Premises and equipment, net	243,465	237,011
Real estate owned	4,245	4,149
FHLB stock	160,817	126,820
Bank owned life insurance	264,043	242,919
Intangible assets, including goodwill of $411,401 and $304,750	453,539	310,619
Federal and state income tax assets, net	146,833	8,479
Other assets	561,178	581,793
Total assets	30,140,288	22,474,675
Customer accounts
Transaction deposit accounts	12,338,862	10,765,313
Time deposit accounts	9,000,911	5,305,016
Total customer accounts	21,339,773	16,070,329
Borrowings	5,345,518	3,650,000
Junior subordinated deferrable debentures	50,254	0
Senior debt	93,729	0
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	49,350	52,550
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	339,758	275,370
Total liabilities	27,218,382	20,048,249
Commitments and contingencies (see Note I)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; 300,000 and 300,000 shares issued; 300,000 and 300,000 shares outstanding	300,000	300,000
Common stock, $1.00 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized; 153,834,612 and 136,466,579 shares issued; 81,405,391 and 64,736,916 shares outstanding	153,835	136,467
Additional paid-in capital	2,143,343	1,687,634
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	51,935	46,921
Treasury stock, at cost; 72,429,221 and 71,729,663 shares	(1,629,512)	(1,612,345)
Retained earnings	1,902,305	1,867,749
Total stockholders' equity	2,921,906	2,426,426
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 30,140,288	$ 22,474,675

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)  (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 201,577,000	$ 177,207,000
Goodwill	$ 411,401,000	$ 304,750,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	300,000	300,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	300,000	300,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	153,834,612	136,466,579
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	81,405,391	64,736,916
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	72,429,221	71,729,663
Senior Debt
Face amount	$ 95,000,000
Stated interest rate	6.50%

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
INTEREST INCOME
Loans receivable	$ 274,341	$ 222,957	$ 520,133	$ 426,903
Mortgage-backed securities	12,905	10,422	24,171	21,035
Investment securities and cash equivalents	31,580	21,967	61,368	40,827
Total income	318,826	255,346	605,672	488,765
INTEREST EXPENSE
Customer accounts	116,164	52,123	212,835	83,769
Borrowings, senior debt and junior subordinated debentures	44,065	28,185	82,003	47,159
Total interest expense	160,229	80,308	294,838	130,928
Net interest income	158,597	175,038	310,834	357,837
Provision for credit losses	16,000	3,500	16,000	6,000
Net interest income after provision (release)	142,597	171,538	294,834	351,837
OTHER INCOME
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities	90	0	171	0
Gain (loss) on termination of hedging derivatives	6	26	115	26
Loan fee income	550	652	1,394	2,154
Deposit fee income	$ 6,698	$ 6,188	$ 13,500	$ 12,541
Revenue, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	Deposit Account [Member]	Deposit Account [Member]	Deposit Account [Member]	Deposit Account [Member]
Other income	$ 6,048	$ 3,206	$ 12,379	$ 9,375
Total other income	13,392	10,072	27,559	24,096
OTHER EXPENSE
Compensation and benefits	73,155	51,444	122,996	100,514
Occupancy	10,918	10,918	20,289	21,020
FDIC insurance premiums	7,900	4,000	14,470	7,675
Product delivery	5,581	5,316	11,590	9,937
Information technology	12,883	12,785	25,749	25,114
Other expense	23,275	12,418	35,158	24,899
Total other expense	133,712	96,881	230,252	189,159
Gain (loss) on real estate owned, net	(1,315)	(199)	511	(311)
Income before income taxes	20,962	84,530	92,652	186,463
Income tax expense	5,074	18,596	18,311	41,020
Net income	15,888	65,934	74,341	145,443
Dividends on preferred stock	3,656	3,656	7,312	7,312
Net income available to common shareholders	$ 12,232	$ 62,278	$ 67,029	$ 138,131
PER SHARE DATA
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.95	$ 1.00	$ 2.11
Diluted earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	0.17	0.95	1.00	2.11
Dividends paid on common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.26	$ 0.25	$ 0.51	$ 0.49
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	70,129,072	65,511,131	67,197,352	65,425,623
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	70,164,558	65,551,185	67,225,099	65,510,275

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 15,888	$ 65,934	$ 74,341	$ 145,443
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on available-for-sale investment securities, net of tax of $514 and $(5,705)	(1,730)	18,993	29,546	13,471
Reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss from sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income, net of tax of $(21) and $0	69	0	132	0
Net unrealized gain (loss) from investment securities, net of reclassification adjustment	(1,661)	18,993	29,678	13,471
Net unrealized gain (loss) during the period on borrowings cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(4,160) and $5,075	6,582	(16,897)	(24,664)	(22,130)
Net unrealized gain (loss) in cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment	6,582	(16,897)	(24,664)	(22,130)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	4,921	2,096	5,014	(8,659)
Comprehensive income	$ 20,809	$ 68,030	$ 79,355	$ 136,784

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)  (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Related tax expense (benefit) for net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities	$ 514	$ (5,705)	$ (8,780)	$ (4,047)
Related tax benefit (expense) for reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss included in net income during the period from sale of available-for-sale securities	(21)	0	(40)	0
Related tax expense (benefit) for net unrealized gain (loss) on borrowing cash flow hedges	$ (4,160)	$ 5,075	$ 5,121	$ 6,648

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 2,274,260	$ 300,000	$ 136,271	$ 1,686,975	$ 1,688,740	$ 52,481	$ (1,590,207)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	145,443				145,443
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(8,659)					(8,659)
Dividends on common stock	(31,828)				(31,828)
Dividends on preferred stock	(7,313)				(7,313)
Proceeds from stock issuances	1,023		33	990
Stock-based compensation expense	4,027		109	(4,245)			8,163
Treasury stock purchased	(1,836)						(1,836)
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	2,375,117	300,000	136,413	1,683,720	1,795,042	43,822	(1,583,880)
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	2,324,381	300,000	136,373	1,689,209	1,749,008	41,726	(1,591,935)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	65,934				65,934
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,096					2,096
Dividends on common stock	(16,243)				(16,243)
Dividends on preferred stock	(3,657)				(3,657)
Proceeds from stock issuances	258		9	249
Stock-based compensation expense	2,456		31	(5,738)			8,163
Treasury stock purchased	(108)						(108)
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	2,375,117	300,000	136,413	1,683,720	1,795,042	43,822	(1,583,880)
Balance, beginning of period at Sep. 30, 2023	2,426,426	300,000	136,467	1,687,634	1,867,749	46,921	(1,612,345)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	74,341				74,341
Other comprehensive income (loss)	5,014					5,014
Dividends on common stock	(32,472)				(32,472)
Dividends on preferred stock	(7,313)				(7,313)
Stock issued in merger	465,504		17,089	448,415
Proceeds from stock issuances	2,530		95	2,435
Stock-based compensation expense	5,180		184	4,859			137
Treasury stock purchased	(17,304)						(17,304)
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2024	2,921,906	300,000	153,835	2,143,343	1,902,305	51,935	(1,629,512)
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	2,452,004	300,000	136,679	1,691,102	1,906,557	47,014	(1,629,348)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	15,888				15,888
Other comprehensive income (loss)	4,921					4,921
Dividends on common stock	(16,484)				(16,484)
Dividends on preferred stock	(3,656)				(3,656)
Stock issued in merger	465,504		17,089	448,415
Proceeds from stock issuances	1,082		40	1,042
Stock-based compensation expense	2,885		27	2,784			74
Treasury stock purchased	(238)						(238)
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 2,921,906	$ 300,000	$ 153,835	$ 2,143,343	$ 1,902,305	$ 51,935	$ (1,629,512)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)  (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends paid on common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.26	$ 0.25	$ 0.51	$ 0.49
Dividends paid on preferred stock (in dollars per share)	$ 12.1875	$ 12.1875	$ 24.3750	$ 24.3750

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 74,341,000	$ 145,443,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, accretion and other, net	205,721,000	864,000
Stock-based compensation expense	5,180,000	4,027,000
Provision (release) for credit losses	16,000,000	6,000,000
Loss (gain) on sale of investment securities	(171,000)	0
Gain on settlements of bank owned life insurance	0	(821,000)
Net realized (gain) loss on sales of premises, equipment, and real estate owned	(2,567,000)	(130,000)
Impairment loss on premises and equipment	0	6,000
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable	(2,784,000)	(15,197,000)
Decrease (increase) in federal and state income tax receivable	(9,213,000)	0
Decrease (increase) in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(3,343,000)	(2,898,000)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	44,394,000	12,840,000
Increase (decrease) in federal and state income tax liabilities	0	1,961,000
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(48,096,000)	(41,170,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	279,462,000	110,925,000
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Origination of loans and principal repayments, net	(328,829,000)	(1,076,495,000)
Loans purchased	0	(79,965,000)
FHLB stock purchased	(312,810,000)	(372,005,000)
FHLB stock redeemed	350,475,000	320,000,000
Available-for-sale securities purchased	(214,707,000)	(115,931,000)
Principal payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities	150,666,000	178,589,000
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	176,402,000	0
Held-to-maturity securities purchased	(47,670,000)	0
Principal payments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities	15,800,000	17,936,000
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned	6,271,000	810,000
Proceeds from settlement of bank owned life insurance	0	1,809,000
Purchase of strategic investments	(1,097,000)	(7,434,000)
Net cash received (paid) in business combinations	625,773,000	0
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	1,341,000	664,000
Premises and equipment purchased and REO improvements	(12,623,000)	(5,009,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	408,992,000	(1,137,031,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase (decrease) in customer accounts	(368,952,000)	(168,622,000)
Proceeds from borrowings	11,387,889,000	9,675,000,000
Repayments of borrowings	(11,124,509,000)	(8,000,000,000)
Proceeds from the early termination of long term borrowing hedge
Proceeds from stock-based awards	1,972,000	1,023,000
Dividends paid on common stock	(32,472,000)	(31,828,000)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(7,314,000)	(7,313,000)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase	558,000	0
Treasury stock purchased	(17,304,000)	(1,836,000)
Increase (decrease) in advances payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	(3,200,000)	(5,739,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(163,332,000)	1,460,685,000
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	525,122,000	434,579,000
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	980,649,000	683,965,000
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	1,505,771,000	1,118,544,000
Non-cash investing activities
Real estate acquired through foreclosure	0	121,000
Non-cash financing activities
Preferred stock dividend payable	3,656,000	3,656,000
Cash paid (received) during the period for
Interest	311,021,000	135,037,000
Income tax	11,066,000	30,951,000
The following summarizes the non-cash activities related to acquisitions
Fair value of assets and intangibles acquired	7,676,343,000	0
Fair value of liabilities assumed	(7,316,675,000)	0
Net fair value of assets (liabilities)	$ 359,668,000	$ 0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Company and Nature of Operations - Washington Federal Bank, a federally-insured Washington state chartered commercial bank dba WaFd Bank (the “Bank” or “WaFd Bank”), was founded on April 24, 1917 in Ballard, Washington and is engaged primarily in providing lending, depository, insurance and other banking services to consumers, mid-sized to large businesses, and owners and developers of commercial real estate. Washington Federal, Inc., a Washington corporation, was formed as the Bank’s holding company in November, 1994.

On September 27, 2023, Articles of Amendment were filed with the Washington Secretary of State to change the name of Washington Federal, Inc. to WaFd, Inc. This change was effective on September 29, 2023. As used throughout this document, the terms “WaFd” or the “Company” or “we” or “us” and “our” refer to WaFd, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to the operating subsidiary, Washington Federal Bank dba WaFd Bank.

The Company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The Bank conducts its activities through a network of 210 bank branches located in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and California.

Basis of Presentation - The Company has prepared the consolidated unaudited interim financial statements included in this report. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements.

On February 29, 2024, WaFd, Inc. closed its previously announced merger with Luther Burbank Corporation ("Luther Burbank" or "LBC"), a California corporation, effective as of 12:00am on March 1, 2024 (the "Effective Time"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time Luther Burbank merged with and into the Company (the “Corporate Merger”), with the Company surviving the Corporate Merger. Promptly following the Corporate Merger, Luther Burbank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, merged with and into WaFd Bank with the WaFd Bank as the surviving institution (the “Bank Merger”). The Corporate Merger and the Bank Merger are collectively referred to in this Current Report on Form 10-Q as the “Merger.”

The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and was effectively an all-stock transaction accounted for as a business combination. The Company's financial results for any periods ended prior to February 29, 2024 reflect WaFd results only on a standalone basis. As a result, financial results for the second quarter of 2024 may not be directly comparable to prior reported periods. Refer to Note B - Business Combination for further details.

The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes contained in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 17, 2023 ("2023 Annual Financial Statements"). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements are disclosed in its 2023 Annual Financial Statements. There have not been any significant changes in the Company's significant accounting policies compared to those contained in its 2023 Annual Financial Statements.

Business Combinations - The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Management utilizes prevailing valuation techniques appropriate for the asset or liability being measured in determining these fair values. This method often involves estimates based on third party valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred. Fair values are subject to refinement over the measurement period, not to exceed one year after the closing date.

Preferred Stock - On February 8, 2021, in connection with an underwritten public offering, the Company issued 300,000 shares of 4.875% Noncumulative Perpetual Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”). Net proceeds, after underwriting discounts and expenses, were $293,325,000. The public offering consisted of the issuance and sale of 12,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a public offering price of $25.00 per depositary share. Holders of the depositary shares are entitled to all proportional rights and preferences of the Series A Preferred Stock (including dividend, voting, redemption and liquidation rights). The depositary shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "WAFDP." The Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company, subject to all applicable regulatory approvals, on or after April 15, 2026.

Restricted Cash Balances - The Company was not required to maintain cash reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company held counterparty cash collateral of $282,700,000 and $326,750,000, respectively, related to derivative contracts.

Equity Securities - The Company records equity securities within Other assets in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These equity investments are accounted for under different methods.

•Low-income housing tax credit investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method.

•For equity investments where the Company has significant influence, the Company applies the equity method of accounting, which adjusts the carrying value of the investment to recognize a proportionate share of the financial results of the investment entity, regardless of whether any distribution is made. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•For investments in certain nonmarketable equity securities investments where the equity method of accounting is not applicable, the Company applies the fair value method. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value is determined by reference to readily determinable market values, if applicable. As these investments do not have readily determinable fair values, they are generally accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable transactions involving the same or similar investments from the same issuer. This practice is referred to as the measurement alternative.

•Equity investments in qualified real estate funds can use the NAV expedient for fair value measurement. Under this method, the net asset value (NAV) determined by the fund is used as fair value for the investment. At March 31, 2024, equity investments held by the Company and recorded at NAV had a carrying amount of $36,703,000 and a remaining unfunded commitment of $3,280,000. These NAV based investments cannot be transferred without consent and we do not have redemption rights. Equity investments measured at NAV are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans Receivable) - The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. The current expected credit loss methodology (“CECL”) requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures).

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its ACL. The Company has designated two loan portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. These loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes, which represent loans of similar type, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. The commercial loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, and land acquisition and development. The risk of loss for the commercial loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by the credit risk rating assigned to each borrower. Commercial loan risk ratings are determined by experienced senior credit officers based on specific facts and circumstances and are subject to periodic review by an independent internal team of credit specialists. The consumer loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: single-family-residential mortgage, custom construction, consumer lot loans, home equity lines of credit, and

other consumer. The risk of loss for the consumer loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by delinquency status and general economic factors. Each commercial and consumer loan portfolio class may also be further segmented based on risk characteristics.

For the majority of the Company's loan portfolio classes, the historical loss experience is determined using a cohort methodology. This method pools loans into groups (“cohorts”) sharing similar risk characteristics and tracks each cohort’s net charge-offs over the lives of the loans to calculate a historical loss rate. The historical loss rates for each cohort are then averaged to calculate an overall historical loss rate which is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class. For certain loan portfolio classes, the Company determined there was not sufficient historical loss information to calculate a meaningful historical loss rate using the cohort methodology. For any such loan portfolio class, the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology is being utilized until sufficient historical loss data is obtained. The WARM method multiplies an average annual loss rate by the expected remaining life of the loan pool to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the historical loss rate for each loan portfolio class. The qualitative adjustments for each loan class consider the conditions over the period from which historical loss experience was based and are split into two components: 1) asset or class specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date related to portfolio credit quality, remaining payments, volume and nature, credit culture and management, business environment or other management factors and 2) reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions and collateral values.

The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans, risk rating migration, delinquencies, etc. The asset quality review is performed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative overlay to the quantitative baseline. The second qualitative adjustment noted above, economic conditions and collateral values, encompasses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The overlay adjustment for the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes an immediate reversion after the one-year forecast period to historical loss rates for the remaining life of the respective loan pool.

The Company may establish a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in each respective loan pool if management deems it appropriate. If this occurs, these individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans but may also include other non-performing loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities) - For held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, the Company is required to utilize a CECL methodology to estimate expected credit losses. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about HTM debt securities.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Available-for-Sale Debt Securities) - The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the CECL methodology applied for HTM debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any remaining discount that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or recapture of) credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about AFS debt securities.

Accrued Interest Receivable - The Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable (“AIR”):

•Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately from their underlying instruments within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

•Excluding accrued interest receivable that is included in the amortized cost of financing receivables from related disclosure requirements.

•Continuing the Company's policy to write off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income in cases where the Company does not reasonably expect to receive payment.

•Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of writing off uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.

Non-Accrual Loans - Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the probability of collection of interest is deemed to be insufficient to warrant further accrual. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. The Bank does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due. If payment is made on a loan so that the loan becomes less than 90 days past due, and the Bank expects full collection of principal and interest, the loan is returned to full accrual status. Any interest ultimately collected is credited to income in the period of recovery. A loan is charged-off when the loss is estimable and it is confirmed that the borrower is not expected to be able to meet contractual obligations.

If a consumer loan is on non-accrual status before being modified, it will stay on non-accrual status following restructuring until it has been performing for at least six months, at which point it may be moved to accrual status. For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances, after the required six consecutive payments are made, management will conclude that collection of the entire principal and interest due is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual status.

Collateral-Dependent Loans - A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans and leases deemed collateral-dependent, the Company elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral consists of various types of real estate including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.

Off-balance-sheet credit exposures - Off-balance-sheet credit exposures for the Company include unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Banks of both Des Moines and San Francisco, which had a combined balance of $3,859,416,000 and $3,625,333,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition), with adjustments to the reserve recognized through provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class. See Note I “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information.

Intangible assets - Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangibles, including core deposit intangibles, are acquired assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis and between tests if circumstances such as material adverse changes in legal, business, regulatory and economic factors exist. We have determined our goodwill balance is all related to a single reporting unit and perform a quantitative impairment assessment. An impairment loss is recorded when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, an impairment charge could be recorded. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives and are subject to impairment testing when events or circumstances change.

The Company performs a goodwill impairment assessment annually and continuously monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining the fair value of goodwill.

As a result of the Merger, the Company recorded $105,836,000 in goodwill and $37,022,000 in core deposit intangible assets. Additional information on the Merger and purchase price allocation is provided in Note B "Business Combination". The core deposit intangible asset value was determined by an analysis of the cost differential between the core deposits acquired, inclusive of estimated servicing costs, and alternative funding sources for those deposits. The core deposit intangible asset recorded is amortized on an accelerated basis over 6 years. In addition to the effects of the Merger, the Company added a small amount of intangibles during year-to-date fiscal 2024 as the result of acquisitions made by subsidiary WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. No impairment losses separate from the scheduled amortization have been recognized in the periods presented.

The table below provides detail regarding the Company's intangible assets.

	Goodwill		Core Deposit and Other Intangibles		Total
	(In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	304,750	$	5,869	$	310,619
Additions	375		375		750
Amortization	—		(266)		(266)
Balance at December 31, 2023	305,125		5,978		311,103
Additions	106,276		37,462		143,738
Amortization	—		(1,302)		(1,302)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	411,401	$	42,138	$	453,539

The table below presents the estimated future amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five years as of March 31, 2024.

Fiscal Year	Expected Expense
	(In thousands)
2024	$	6,155
2025	9,768
2026	7,217
2027	5,473
2028	5,111
Thereafter	8,414
Total Intangibles Assets	$	42,138

Subsequent events - The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure.

New Accounting Pronouncements - In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-6 Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments In Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics and align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. The amendments will be effective for the Company only if the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from its existing regulations no later than June 30, 2027. If the SEC timely removes such a related requirement from its existing regulations, the corresponding amendments within the ASU will become effective

for the Company on the same date with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the amendments in this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280) to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. For public companies amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740) which requires reporting companies to break out their income tax expense and tax rate reconciliation in more detail. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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Business Combination

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combination

Business Combination

At the Effective Time on March 1, 2024 ("the Merger Date"), WaFd, Inc. acquired Luther Burbank, headquartered in Santa Rosa, California. The Merger was effectively an all-stock transaction and has been accounted for as a business combination. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Merger Date, each holder of LBC common stock received 0.3353 of a share (the "Exchange Ratio") of WaFd common stock for each share of LBC common stock held. As of the Merger Date, WaFd had approximately 64 million shares of common stock outstanding and issued approximately 17 million shares of WaFd common stock to the LBC shareholders which represents approximately 21% of the voting interests in WaFd, Inc. upon completion of the Merger.

The purchase price for purposes of the transaction accounting adjustments is calculated based on the number of shares of WaFd stock issued to LBC shareholders and the closing share price on the Merger Date as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands except share and per share data).

Number of WaFd shares issued to LBC shareholders	17,089
WaFd market price per share on February 29, 2024	$	27.24
Purchase price of shares issued to LBC shareholders	$	465,501
Cash in lieu of fractional shares	$	3
Purchase price consideration	$	465,504

The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Merger were recorded at their respective acquisition date estimated fair values. These estimates were recorded based on initial valuations available at the Merger Date, and these estimates, including initial accounting for deferred taxes, are considered preliminary as of March 31, 2024, and subject to adjustment for up to one year after the Merger Date. In many cases, the determination of fair value required management to make estimates about discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. While the Company believes that the information available on the Merger Date provided a reasonable basis for estimating fair value, additional information may be obtained during the measurement period that would result in changes to the estimated fair value amounts. The measurement period ends on the earlier of one year after the Merger Date or the date the Company concludes that all necessary information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the Merger Date have been obtained. Management anticipates that facts obtained during the measurement period could result in adjustments to the Merger Date valuation amounts presented herein.

The table below displays the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

	March 1, 2024
	(in thousands)
Total merger consideration			$	465,504
Fair value of assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	627,403
Investment securities	518,878
Loans receivable	3,205,350
Loans held for sale	2,993,223
Interest receivable	25,697
Premises and equipment	6,436
FHLB stock	35,831
Bank owned life insurance	17,781
Intangible assets	37,022
Deferred tax asset, net	132,837
Other assets	75,885
Total assets acquired	$	7,676,343
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Customer accounts	$	5,640,440
Borrowings	1,432,138
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	50,175
Senior Debt	93,514
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	100,408
Total liabilities assumed	$	7,316,675
Net Assets Acquired			$	359,668
Goodwill			$	105,836

In connection with the Merger, the Company recorded approximately $105,836,000 of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired net of fair value of liabilities assumed. Information regarding the carrying amount and amortization of intangible assets are provided in Note A.

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented above.

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount of these items is a reasonable estimate of their fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Investment securities – Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices. The actual sales prices of securities were used for those securities sold in March 2024, shortly after the Merger, rather than the quoted market price as sales prices were determined to be the best indicator of fair value.

Loans receivable – A valuation of the loans held for investment portfolio was performed by a third party as of the Merger Date to assess the fair value. The loans held for investment portfolio was segmented into three groups, including performing purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans, non-performing PCD loans and non-PCD loans. The loans were further pooled based on loan type and interest rate terms. The loans were valued at the pool level using a discounted cash flow methodology. The methodology included projecting cash flows based on the contractual terms of the loans and the cash flows were adjusted to reflect credit loss expectations along with prepayments. Discount rates were developed based on the relative risk of the cash flows, taking into consideration the loan type, market rates as of the valuation date, recent originations in the portfolio, credit

loss expectations, and liquidity expectations. Lastly, cash flows adjusted for credit loss expectations were discounted to present value and summed to arrive at the fair value of the loans.

The Company is required to record PCD assets, defined as a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination or issuance, at the purchase price plus the allowance for credit losses expected at the time of acquisition. Under this method, there is no credit loss expense affecting net income on acquisition of PCD assets. Changes in estimates of expected credit losses after acquisition are recognized in subsequent periods as provision for credit losses (or recapture of credit losses) arises. Any non-credit discount or premium resulting from acquiring a pool of purchased financial assets with credit deterioration is allocated to each individual asset. At the acquisition date, the initial allowance for credit losses, determined on a collective basis, is allocated to individual assets to appropriately allocate any non-credit discount or premium. The non-credit discount or premium, after the adjustment for the allowance for credit losses, is accreted to interest income using the interest method based on the effective interest rate determined at the Merger Date.

Of the $3.2 billion net loans held for investment acquired, $293 million were identified as PCD loans on the Merger Date. The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition:

	March 1, 2024
	(In thousands)
Principal of PCD loans acquired	$	293,204
PCD ACL at acquisition	(7,403)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(45,869)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	239,932

Loans held for sale – The loans held for sale portfolio was recorded at fair value based on quotes or bids from third parties.

Premises and equipment - The fair values of premises are based on a market approach by obtaining third-party appraisals and broker opinions of value for land, office and branch space.

Core deposit intangible – The core deposit intangible represents the low cost of funding acquired core deposits provide relative to the Company’s marginal cost of funds. The fair value was estimated based on a cost savings methodology that gave consideration to expected customer attrition rates, net maintenance cost of the deposit base, interest costs associated with customer deposits, and the alternative cost of funds. The estimated fair value was grossed-up for the expected tax amortization benefit. The intangible asset is being amortized over 6 years using an accelerated method, based upon the period over which estimated economic benefits are estimated to be received.

Customer Accounts – The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits equal the amount payable on demand at the Merger Date. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using current rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances and Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") borrowings is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar remaining maturities.

The operating results of the Company include the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in the Merger for the period March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024.

The following table shows the impact of merger-related expenses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024.

Merger-Related Expenses	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Severance and employee-related	$	20,266	$	20,266
Legal and Professional	3,793		3,982
Charitable contributions	1,000		1,000
System conversion and integration	60		388
	$	25,119	$	25,636

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information as if the Merger had occurred on October 1, 2022. The pro forma adjustments give effect to any change in interest income due to the accretion of the discount (premium) associated with the fair value adjustments to acquired loans, any change in interest expense due to estimated premium amortization/discount accretion associated with the fair value adjustment to acquired interest-bearing deposits, borrowings and long-term debt and the amortization of the core deposit intangible that would have resulted had the deposits been acquired as of October 1, 2022. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the Merger occurred as of the beginning of the year prior to the Merger Date. The pro forma amounts below do not reflect the Company's expectations as of the date of the pro forma information of further operating cost savings and other business synergies expected to be achieved, including revenue growth as a result of the Merger. As a result, actual amounts differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.

	Unaudited Pro Forma for the Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Net-interest income	$	351,263	$	447,902
Non-interest income	$	30,238	$	26,302
Net income1	$	120,116	$	145,277
1The 2024 pro forma net income was adjusted to exclude $40,000,000 of merger-related costs, inclusive of historical LBC merger-related costs, incurred in 2024 and the 2023 pro forma net income was adjusted to include these costs.

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Dividends and Share Repurchases

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Dividends and Share Repurchases

Dividends and Share Repurchases

On March 8, 2024, the Company paid a regular dividend on common stock of $0.26 per share, which represented the 164th consecutive quarterly cash dividend. Dividends per share were $0.26 and $0.25 for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 7,837 shares at an average price of $30.38. As of March 31, 2024, there are 1,853,453 remaining shares authorized to be repurchased under the current Board approved share repurchase program.

The Company pays a cash dividend, if declared by the Board, of $12.1875 per share on its Series A Preferred Stock quarterly on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15. This dividend equals $0.30468750 per depositary share (each dividend, a "Series A Preferred Dividend"). The Company paid a Series A Preferred Dividend on January 15, 2024 and April 15, 2024.

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Loans Receivable

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans Receivable

Loans Receivable

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" above.

The Company's loans held for investment are divided into two portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans, with each of those segments further split into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses.

The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class. Loans held for sale of approximately $3 billion are excluded from the following tables.

	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
Gross loans by category	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,173,375	18.5	%	$	2,907,086	14.8	%
Commercial real estate	3,570,790		15.8		3,344,959		17.0
Commercial & industrial	2,290,452		10.1		2,321,717		11.8
Construction	2,631,783		11.6		3,318,994		16.9
Land - acquisition & development	215,831		1.0		201,538		1.0
Total commercial loans	12,882,231		57.0		12,094,294		61.6
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,816,039		39.0		6,451,270		32.8
Construction - custom	466,740		2.1		672,643		3.4
Land - consumer lot loans	115,022		0.5		125,723		0.6
HELOC	243,852		1.1		234,410		1.2
Consumer	74,269		0.3		70,164		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,715,922		43.0		7,554,210		38.4
Total gross loans	22,598,153		100	%	19,648,504		100	%
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	201,577				177,207
Loans in process	1,303,978				1,895,940
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	297,339				98,807
Total loan contra accounts	1,802,894				2,171,954
Net loans	$	20,795,259			$	17,476,550

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans for disclosure purposes and from the calculations of estimated credit losses. As of March 31, 2024, and September 30, 2023, AIR for loans totaled $103,137,000 and $77,349,000, respectively, and is included in the Interest receivable line item balance on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

Loans in the amount of $9,131,125,000 and $8,941,201,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines ("FHLB - DM") as part of the Company's liquidity management strategy. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company entered into two new pledge agreements. The first new pledge agreement was with the FHLB of San Francisco ("FHLB - SF") where $1,757,206,000 of loans were pledged to secure legacy LBC borrowings from the FHLB-SF. The second new pledge agreement was with the FRB where $3,681,859,000 of loans were pledged via the Borrower-in-Custody program to support contingent liquidity. At March 31, 2024 there were no outstanding borrowings under this program. None of these agencies to which we have pledged loans have the right to sell or re-pledge these loans.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of non-accrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due and accruing.

 

	March 31, 2024							September 30, 2023
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
	Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing		Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	8,377		$	—	$	—	$	5,127		$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	27,022			—		—		23,435			—		—
Commercial & industrial	4,436			—		—		6,082			—		—
Construction	—					—		—			—		—
Land - acquisition & development	112			—		—		—			—		—
Total commercial loans	39,947			—		—		34,644			—		—
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	20,016			—		—		14,918			—		—
Construction - custom	88			—		—		88			—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	—			—		—		9			—		—
HELOC	491			—		—		736			—		—
Consumer	264			—		—		27			—		—
Total consumer loans	20,859			—		—		15,778			—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	60,806		$	—	$	—	$	50,422		$	—	$	—
% of total net loans	0.29		%					0.29		%

The Company recognized interest income on non-accrual loans of approximately $435,000 in the six months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of the collection of past due amounts. If these loans had been on accrual status and performed according to their original contract terms, the Company would have recognized interest income of approximately $1,347,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024. Interest cash flows collected on non-accrual loans vary from period to period as those loans are brought current or are paid off.

The following tables provide details regarding loan delinquencies by loan portfolio and class.

 

March 31, 2024			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	4,089,719	$	4,072,075	$	14,869	$	—	$	2,775	$	17,644	0.43	%
Commercial real estate	3,544,884		3,520,286		—		—		24,598		24,598		0.69
Commercial & industrial	2,283,922		2,279,347		140		—		4,435		4,575		0.20
Construction	1,623,496		1,622,736		760		—		—		760		0.05
Land - acquisition & development	175,704		175,592		—		—		112		112		0.06
Total commercial loans	11,717,725		11,670,036		15,769		—		31,920		47,689		0.41
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	8,619,916		8,594,155		6,274		3,828		15,659		25,761		0.30
Construction - custom	223,377		222,530		760		—		87		847		0.38
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		113,949		307		—		—		307		0.27
HELOC	247,305		246,296		483		86		440		1,009		0.41
Consumer	74,257		73,822		52		119		264		435		0.59
Total consumer loans	9,279,111		9,250,752		7,876		4,033		16,450		28,359		0.31
Total Loans	$	20,996,836	$	20,920,788	$	23,645	$	4,033	$	48,370	$	76,048	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.11%		0.01%		0.23%		0.36%

September 30, 2023			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	2,886,594	$	2,886,462	$	—	$	—	$	132	$	132	—	%
Commercial real estate	3,310,101		3,285,673		848		145		23,435		24,428		0.74
Commercial & industrial	2,315,318		2,307,020		30		2,186		6,082		8,298		0.36
Construction	1,838,936		1,838,936		—		—		—		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		156,661		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,507,610		10,474,752		878		2,331		29,649		32,858		0.31
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	6,388,990		6,365,065		6,441		6,068		11,416		23,925		0.37
Construction - custom	324,451		320,987		760		2,617		87		3,464		1.07
Land - consumer lot loans	124,842		124,231		358		245		8		611		0.49
HELOC	237,754		235,708		1,050		314		682		2,046		0.86
Consumer	70,110		69,699		228		107		76		411		0.59
Total consumer loans	7,146,147		7,115,690		8,837		9,351		12,269		30,457		0.43
Total Loans	$	17,653,757	$	17,590,442	$	9,715	$	11,682	$	41,918	$	63,315	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.06%		0.07%		0.24%		0.36%

On October 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminated the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") and requires enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis. These modified balances are included in their segment cohort based on loan type for the purpose of calculating historical loss rates as described in Note A.

Loans may be modified as the result of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty needing relief from the contractual terms of their loan. Most loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has approached the Company about modification due to temporary financial difficulties. Each request for modification is individually evaluated for merit and likelihood of success. Often a term extension is needed in the short term in order to evaluate the need for further corrective action. Payment delays and interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period. Principal forgiveness is not an available option for restructured loans.

For commercial loans, modifications could be any of the above-listed modification types available or a mix thereof. Modifications to extend the term, lower the payment amount or delay payment are made for the purposes of providing borrowers additional time to return to compliance with the terms of their loans. Renewals of commercial lines to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are included within the disclosures below though many of these are made in the normal course of business.

For consumer loans, modifications typically consist of minor payment delays or deferrals and may include a modification of the existing contractual rate or extension of the maturity date, or both, when it is determined the borrowers are likely to successfully maintain compliance with these modified loan terms.

The following table presents the amortized basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the period by loan class and modification type. All such modifications during the quarter were term extensions.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial & industrial	42,683		1.87		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	55,821		0.48
Total Loans	$	55,821	0.27	%
	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial real estate	93		—	%	20
Commercial & industrial	50,730		2.22		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	63,961		0.55
Total Loans	$	63,961	0.30	%

The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. None of the loans modified in the six months ended March 31, 2024 was past due as of March 31, 2024. None of the loans above have defaulted after modification.

The Company evaluates the credit quality of its loans based on regulatory risk ratings and also consider other factors. Based on this evaluation, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as follows:

•Pass – the credit does not meet one of the definitions below.

•Special mention – A special mention credit is considered to be currently protected from loss but is potentially weak. No loss of principal or interest is foreseen; however, proper supervision and management attention is required to deter further deterioration in the credit. Assets in this category constitute some undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a risk rating of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset.

•Substandard – A substandard credit is an unacceptable credit. Additionally, repayment in the normal course is in jeopardy due to the existence of one or more well defined weaknesses. In these situations, loss of principal is likely if the weakness is not corrected. A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified will have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of the debt. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets risk rated substandard.

•Doubtful – A credit classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.

•Loss – Credits classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Losses should be taken in the period in which they are identified as uncollectible. Partial charge-off versus full charge-off may be taken if the collateral offers some identifiable protection.

The following tables present by primary credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023. There were no commercial loans classified as Doubtful or Loss as of either date.

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,354,276	$	1,105,788	$	547,312	$	648,522	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	3,944,926
Special Mention	—		—		92,620		2,678		1,203		16,483		—		—		112,984
Substandard	—		—		5,665		2,296		7,874		15,974		—		—		31,809
Total	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,452,561	$	1,110,762	$	556,389	$	680,979	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	125,124	$	214,702	$	1,026,962	$	731,080	$	448,225	$	838,539	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,386,918
Special Mention	—		—		2,884		23,133		—		16,377		—		—		42,394
Substandard	—		499		16,661		2,260		29,854		66,298		—		—		115,572
Total	$	125,124	$	215,201	$	1,046,507	$	756,473	$	478,079	$	921,214	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,544,884
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	17,307	$	159,129	$	238,221	$	298,401	$	108,517	$	177,856	$	1,093,054	$	222	$	2,092,707
Special Mention	—		—		32,861		608		—		309		38,005		—		71,783
Substandard	—		2,095		12,026		172		2,701		49,036		53,401		1		119,432
Total	$	17,307	$	161,224	$	283,108	$	299,181	$	111,218	$	227,201	$	1,184,460	$	223	$	2,283,922
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		10		30		56		—		31		127
Construction
Pass	$	54,184	$	389,785	$	686,499	$	290,139	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,600,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		2,888		—		—		—		—		2,888
Substandard	655		3,801		2,022		13,138		—		—		—		—		19,616
Total	$	54,839	$	393,586	$	688,521	$	306,165	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,068	$	56,474	$	6,043	$	18,540	$	—	$	—	$	175,101
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		354		—		—		354
Substandard	—		—		137		—		112		—		—		—		249
Total	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,205	$	56,474	$	6,155	$	18,894	$	—	$	—	$	175,704
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		18		—		—		18
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	278,606	$	950,862	$	3,371,026	$	2,481,882	$	1,160,297	$	1,735,357	$	1,209,178	$	13,436	$	11,200,644
Special Mention	—		—		128,365		29,307		1,203		33,523		38,005		—		230,403
Substandard	655		6,395		36,511		17,866		40,541		131,308		53,401		1		286,678
Total	$	279,261	$	957,257	$	3,535,902	$	2,529,055	$	1,202,041	$	1,900,188	$	1,300,584	$	13,437	$	11,717,725
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	30	$	74	$	—	$	31	$	145

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	121,983	$	787,975	$	2,384,151	$	2,193,608	$	860,379	$	2,246,059	$	—	$	—	$	8,594,155
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		264		6,010		—		—		6,274
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,012		—		—		3,828
90+ days past due	—		1,816		2,939		2,175		—		8,729		—		—		15,659
Total	$	121,983	$	789,791	$	2,387,933	$	2,196,756	$	860,643	$	2,262,810	$	—	$	—	$	8,619,916
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		131		—		—		131
Construction - custom
Current	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	69,481	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	222,530
30 days past due	—		—		760		—		—		—		—		—		760
90+ days past due	—		—		87		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	70,328	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	223,377
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,755	$	26,802	$	10,529	$	15,181	$	—	$	—	$	113,949
30 days past due	—		—		162		131		—		14		—		—		307
Total	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,917	$	26,933	$	10,529	$	15,195	$	—	$	—	$	114,256
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,025	$	240,569	$	702	$	246,296
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		100		383		—		483
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		42		—		86
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		440		—		440
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,169	$	241,434	$	702	$	247,305
Consumer
Current	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,732	$	34,445	$	—	$	73,822
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		24		28		—		52
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		70		49		—		119
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		136		128		—		264
Total	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,962	$	34,650	$	—	$	74,257
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		123		239		—		362
Total consumer loans
Current	$	138,127	$	948,213	$	2,490,459	$	2,231,549	$	879,333	$	2,287,355	$	275,014	$	702	$	9,250,752
30 days past due	—		—		922		131		264		6,148		411		—		7,876
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,126		91		—		4,033
90+ days past due	—		1,816		3,026		2,175		—		8,865		568		—		16,450
Total	$	138,127	$	950,029	$	2,495,250	$	2,234,828	$	879,597	$	2,304,494	$	276,084	$	702	$	9,279,111
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	254	$	239	$	—	$	493

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	135,859	$	658,126	$	850,998	$	541,655	$	135,965	$	400,412	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,772,538
Special Mention	—		90,428		—		—		—		—		—		—		90,428
Substandard	—		5,711		2,309		2,422		7,583		5,603		—		—		23,628
Total	$	135,859	$	754,265	$	853,307	$	544,077	$	143,548	$	406,015	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	221,057	$	912,776	$	735,069	$	476,941	$	262,945	$	596,459	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,207,596
Special Mention	—		—		788		—		4,059		—		—		—		4,847
Substandard	499		5,361		3,810		24,538		27,916		35,534		—		—		97,658
Total	$	221,556	$	918,137	$	739,667	$	501,479	$	294,920	$	631,993	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,310,101
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	155,411	$	258,798	$	316,713	$	117,089	$	24,246	$	175,042	$	1,089,896	$	27,681	$	2,164,876
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		2,940		—		3,707		—		6,647
Substandard	—		5,532		8,537		2,783		3,819		46,297		69,948		6,879		143,795
Total	$	155,411	$	264,330	$	325,250	$	119,872	$	31,005	$	221,339	$	1,163,551	$	34,560	$	2,315,318
Construction
Pass	$	235,150	$	833,577	$	559,850	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,818,266
Substandard	2,901		5,119		12,650		—		—		—		—		—		20,670
Total	$	238,051	$	838,696	$	572,500	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	20,593	$	69,414	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,390
Substandard	—		271		—		—		—		—		—		—		271
Total	$	20,593	$	69,685	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,661
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	768,070	$	2,732,691	$	2,501,906	$	1,210,070	$	469,897	$	1,190,162	$	1,219,189	$	27,681	$	10,119,666
Special Mention	—		90,428		788		—		6,999		—		3,707		—		101,922
Substandard	3,400		21,994		27,306		29,743		39,318		87,434		69,948		6,879		286,022
Total	$	771,470	$	2,845,113	$	2,530,000	$	1,239,813	$	516,214	$	1,277,596	$	1,292,844	$	34,560	$	10,507,610

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	513,007	$	1,478,479	$	1,719,163	$	718,250	$	295,836	$	1,640,330	$	—	$	—	$	6,365,065
30 days past due	822		115		859		392		221		4,032		—		—		6,441
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,420		1,325		—		1,797		—		—		6,068
90+ days past due	—		1,470		666		1,408		—		7,872		—		—		11,416
Total	$	513,829	$	1,481,590	$	1,722,108	$	721,375	$	296,057	$	1,654,031	$	—	$	—	$	6,388,990
Construction - custom
Current	$	92,081	$	218,988	$	8,838	$	243	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	320,987
30 days past due	—		760		—		—		—		—		—		—		760
60 days past due	—		—		—		2,617		—		—		—		—		2,617
90+ days past due	—		87		—		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	92,081	$	219,835	$	8,838	$	2,860	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	324,451
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,048	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,714	$	—	$	—	$	124,231
30 days past due	—		—		358		—		—		—		—		—		358
60 days past due	—		—		245		—		—		—		—		—		245
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		—		—		8
Total	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,651	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,722	$	—	$	—	$	124,842
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,733	$	230,338	$	1,637	$	235,708
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		1,006		—		1,050
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		314		—		—		314
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		682		—		682
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,091	$	232,026	$	1,637	$	237,754
Consumer
Current	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	16	$	23,201	$	27,945	$	—	$	69,699
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		225		3		—		228
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		106		1		—		107
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		29		46		—		1		76
Total	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	45	$	23,578	$	27,949	$	1	$	70,110
Total consumer loans
Current	$	624,878	$	1,739,246	$	1,772,797	$	738,016	$	300,376	$	1,680,457	$	258,283	$	1,637	$	7,115,690
30 days past due	822		875		1,217		392		221		4,301		1,009		—		8,837
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,665		3,942		—		2,217		1		—		9,351
90+ days past due	—		1,557		666		1,408		29		7,926		682		1		12,269
Total	$	625,700	$	1,743,204	$	1,776,345	$	743,758	$	300,626	$	1,694,901	$	259,975	$	1,638	$	7,146,147

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Allowance for Losses on Loans

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Allowance for Losses on Loans

Allowance for Losses on Loans

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies."

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment and class. 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,791	$	—	$	—	$	8,188	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	29,007		—		—		3,984		32,991
Commercial & industrial	60,836		(65)		32		(1,542)		59,261
Construction	28,863		—		—		(1,546)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	6,658		—		21		1,186		7,865
Total commercial loans	139,155		(65)		53		10,270		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,556		(131)		55		12,574		41,054
Construction - custom	2,262		—		—		(344)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,345		—		46		(177)		3,214
HELOC	2,973		—		1		—		2,974
Consumer	3,029		(149)		44		80		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,165		(280)		146		12,133		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	179,320	$	(345)	$	199	$	22,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision for unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,324	$	—	$	—	$	714	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	27,380		—		1		422		27,803
Commercial & industrial	63,873		(6,054)		42		5,440		63,301
Construction	26,133		—		—		(106)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	8,572		—		14		(1,090)		7,496
Total commercial loans	138,282		(6,054)		57		5,380		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,475		(34)		104		1,371		26,916
Construction - custom	3,500		—		—		(44)		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	4,142		—		5		(202)		3,945
HELOC	2,588		—		—		74		2,662
Consumer	2,810		(38)		83		(79)		2,776
Total consumer loans	38,515		(72)		192		1,120		39,755
Total loans	$	176,797	$	(6,126)	$	249	$	6,500	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $3,000,000.

Six Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,155	$	—	$	—	$	8,824	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	28,842		—		2		4,147		32,991
Commercial & industrial	58,773		(127)		64		551		59,261
Construction	29,408		—		—		(2,091)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	7,016		(18)		71		796		7,865
Total commercial loans	137,194		(145)		137		12,227		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,029		(131)		175		12,981		41,054
Construction - custom	2,781		—		—		(863)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,512		—		55		(353)		3,214
HELOC	2,859		—		2		113		2,974
Consumer	2,832		(362)		236		298		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,013		(493)		468		12,176		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	177,207	$	(638)	$	605	$	24,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Six Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,013	$	—	$	—	$	1,025	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	25,814		—		5		1,984		27,803
Commercial & industrial	57,210		(6,136)		74		12,153		63,301
Construction	26,161		—		—		(134)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	12,278		—		30		(4,812)		7,496
Total commercial loans	133,476		(6,136)		109		10,216		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,518		(34)		534		898		26,916
Construction - custom	3,410		—		—		46		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	5,047		—		5		(1,107)		3,945
HELOC	2,482		—		1		179		2,662
Consumer	2,875		(184)		317		(232)		2,776
Total consumer loans	39,332		(218)		857		(216)		39,755
Total loans	$	172,808	$	(6,354)	$	966	$	10,000	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $4,000,000.

The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $3,500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The provision in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to the initial reserve needed for the acquired LBC non-PCD loans. The increase in the overall ACL was a combination of the provision recorded and the reserve for LBC PCD loans booked in purchase accounting.

The provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to growth in net loans receivable combined with the changing economic outlook amid concerns around a looming recession and recent macro-economic events. The Company recorded a $16,000,000 provision for credit losses for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a provision for credit losses of $6,000,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $146,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,877,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $33,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $5,388,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2023.

Non-performing assets were $68,361,000, or 0.23% of total assets, at March 31, 2024, compared to $57,924,000, or 0.26% of total assets, at September 30, 2023. Non-accrual loans were $60,806,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $50,422,000 at September 30, 2023. Delinquencies, as a percent of total loans, were 0.36% at March 31, 2024, compared to 0.36% at September 30, 2023.

The Company has an asset quality review function that analyzes its loan portfolio and reports the results of the review to its Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The single-family residential, HELOC and consumer portfolios are evaluated based on their performance as a pool of loans, since no single loan is individually significant or judged by its risk rating, size or potential risk of loss. The construction, land, multi-family, commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are risk rated on a loan-by-loan basis to determine the relative risk inherent in specific borrowers or loans. Based on that risk rating, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as described in Note D "Loans Receivable."

The following tables provide the amortized cost of loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

March 31, 2024	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	3,944,926		$	112,984		$	31,809		$	—		$	—		$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate	3,386,918			42,394			115,572			—			—			3,544,884
Commercial & industrial	2,092,707			71,783			119,432			—			—			2,283,922
Construction	1,600,992			2,888			19,616			—			—			1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development	175,101			354			249			—			—			175,704
Total commercial loans	11,200,644			230,403			286,678			—			—			11,717,725
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,901			—			20,015			—			—			8,619,916
Construction - custom	223,290			—			87			—			—			223,377
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256			—			—			—			—			114,256
HELOC	246,814			—			491			—			—			247,305
Consumer	74,117			—			140			—			—			74,257
Total consumer loans	9,258,378			—			20,733			—			—			9,279,111
Total	$	20,459,022		$	230,403		$	307,411		$	—		$	—		$	20,996,836
Total grade as a % of total loans	97.44		%	1.10		%	1.47		%	—		%	—		%

September 30, 2023	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total Gross Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,772,538		$	90,428		$	23,628		$	—		$	—		$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate	3,207,596			4,847			97,658			—			—			3,310,101
Commercial & industrial	2,164,876			6,647			143,795			—			—			2,315,318
Construction	1,818,266			—			20,670			—			—			1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development	156,390			—			271			—			—			156,661
Total commercial loans	10,119,666			101,922			286,022			—			—			10,507,610
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,370,936			—			18,054			—			—			6,388,990
Construction - custom	324,363			—			88			—			—			324,451
Land - consumer lot loans	124,588			—			254			—			—			124,842
HELOC	237,018			—			736			—			—			237,754
Consumer	70,098			—			12			—			—			70,110
Total consumer loans	7,127,003			—			19,144			—			—			7,146,147
Total loans	$	17,246,669		$	101,922		$	305,166		$	—		$	—		$	17,653,757
Total grade as a % of total gross loans	97.69		%	0.58		%	1.73		%	—		%	—		%

The following tables provide information on the amortized cost of loans receivable based on borrower payment activity.

March 31, 2024	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,081,342	99.8	%	$	8,377	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,517,862		99.2		27,022		0.8
Commercial & industrial	2,279,486		99.8		4,436		0.2
Construction	1,623,496		100.0		—		0.0
Land - acquisition & development	175,592		99.9		112		0.1
Total commercial loans	11,677,778		99.7		39,947		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,900		99.8		20,016		0.2
Construction - custom	223,289		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		100.0		—		0.0
HELOC	246,814		99.8		491		0.2
Consumer	73,993		99.6		264		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,258,252		99.8		20,859		0.2
Total loans	$	20,936,030	99.7	%	$	60,806	0.3	%

September 30, 2023	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,881,467	99.8	%	$	5,127	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,286,666		99.3		23,435		0.7
Commercial & industrial	2,309,236		99.7		6,082		0.3
Construction	1,838,936		100.0		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		100.0		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,472,966		99.7		34,644		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,374,072		99.8		14,918		0.2
Construction - custom	324,363		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	124,833		100.0		9		—
HELOC	237,018		99.7		736		0.3
Consumer	70,083		100.0		27		0.0
Total consumer loans	7,130,369		99.8		15,778		0.2
Total loans	$	17,603,335	99.7	%	$	50,422	0.3	%

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active exchange markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company has established and documented the process for determining the fair values of its assets and liabilities, where applicable. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available, for identical or similar assets or liabilities. In the absence of quoted market prices, fair value is determined using valuation models or third-party appraisals. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to measure and report the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Measured on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-Sale Securities, Loans Held for Sale and Derivative Contracts

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of debt securities are priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and under GAAP are considered a Level 2 input method. Securities that are traded on active exchanges are measured using the closing price in an active market and are considered a Level 1 input method.

Certain loans acquired in the Merger which have been designated as held for sale were recorded at fair value to be remeasured on a recurring basis until sold. The fair value of these loans is based on observable market data including dealer quotes and bids from third parties. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counter party to offset its interest rate risk. The Company has also entered into commercial loan hedges, mortgage pool hedges and borrowings hedges using interest rate swaps. The fair value of these interest rate swaps are estimated by a third-party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

The following tables present the balance and level in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (with the exception of those measured using the NAV practical expedient).

	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	312,199	$	—	$	312,199
Asset-backed securities	—		549,463		—		549,463
Municipal bonds	—		35,061		—		35,061
Corporate debt securities	—		249,743		—		249,743
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		1,291,648		—		1,291,648
Total available-for-sale securities	—		2,438,114		—		2,438,114
Loans held for sale	—		2,993,658		—		2,993,658
Derivatives:
Client swap program hedges	—		63,264		—		63,264
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		2,509		—		2,509
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		56,093		—		56,093
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		154,588		—		154,588
Total financial assets	$	—	$	5,708,226	$	—	$	5,708,226
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020

	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	217,053	$	—	$	217,053
Asset-backed securities	—		588,016				588,016
Municipal bonds	—		34,662		—		34,662
Corporate debt securities	—		242,522		—		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		912,844		—		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities	—		1,995,097		—		1,995,097
Client swap program hedges	—		78,797		—		78,797
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		3,405		—		3,405
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		46,396		—		46,396
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		184,373		—		184,373
Total financial assets	$	—	$	2,308,068	$	—	$	2,308,068
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668

Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis after initial recognition such as collateral dependent loans and real estate owned ("REO"). REO consists principally of properties acquired through foreclosure. From time to time, and on a nonrecurring basis, adjustments using fair value measurements are recorded to reflect increases or decreases based on the discounted cash flows, the current appraisal or estimated value of the collateral or REO property.

When management determines that the fair value of the collateral or the REO requires additional adjustments, either as a result of an updated appraised value or when there is no observable market price, the Company classifies the collateral dependent loan or real estate owned as Level 3. Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 included loans for which an allowance was established or a partial charge-off was recorded based on the fair value of collateral, as well as real estate owned where the fair value of the property was less than the cost basis.

The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.

 

	March 31, 2024								Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	781	$	781	$	(168)	$	(325)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		1,360		1,360		(1,875)		(1,875)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	2,141	$	2,141	$	(2,043)	$	(2,200)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

	March 31, 2023								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	3,313	$	3,313	$	(6,120)	$	(6,243)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		372		372		22		22
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	3,685	$	3,685	$	(6,098)	$	(6,221)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

At March 31, 2024, there was $28,000 in foreclosed residential real estate properties held as REO. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $4,710,000.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the statement of financial condition, for which it is practicable to estimate those values. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value estimates presented do not reflect the underlying fair value of the Company. Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below.

		March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
		($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	1,505,771	$	1,505,771	$	980,649	$	980,649
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities	2	312,199		312,199		217,053		217,053
Asset-backed securities	2	549,463		549,463		588,016		588,016
Municipal bonds	2	35,061		35,061		34,662		34,662
Corporate debt securities	2	249,743		249,743		242,522		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	1,291,648		1,291,648		912,844		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities		2,438,114		2,438,114		1,995,097		1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Total held-to-maturity securities		457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Loans receivable	3	20,795,259		20,245,348		17,476,550		16,559,758
Loans held for sale	2	2,993,658		2,993,658		—		—
FHLB stock	2	160,817		160,817		126,820		126,820
Other assets - client swap program hedges	2	63,264		63,264		78,797		78,797
Other assets - commercial fair value loan hedges	2	2,509		2,509		3,405		3,405
Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges	2	56,093		56,093		46,396		46,396
Other assets - borrowings cash flow hedges	2	154,588		154,588		184,373		184,373
Financial liabilities
Time deposits	2	9,000,911		9,037,254		5,305,016		5,232,689
Borrowings	2	5,345,518		5,320,188		3,650,000		3,653,229
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	3	50,254		50,320		—		—
Senior Debt	2	93,729		93,373		—		—
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	2	64,020		64,020		79,668		79,668

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount of these items is a reasonable estimate of their fair value. 

Available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities – Securities at fair value are primarily priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and are considered a Level 2 input method. Equity securities that are exchange traded are considered a Level 1 input method.

Loans receivable – Fair values are estimated first by stratifying the portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as multi-family real estate, residential mortgage, construction, commercial, consumer and land loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed- and adjustable-rate interest terms. For residential mortgages and multi-family loans, the bank determined that its best exit price was by securitization. MBS benchmark prices are used as a base price, with further loan level pricing adjustments made based on individual loan characteristics such as FICO score, LTV, Property Type and occupancy. For all other loan categories an estimate of fair value is then calculated based on discounted cash

flows using a discount rate offered and observed in the market on similar products, plus an adjustment for liquidity to reflect the non-homogeneous nature of the loans, as well as an annual loss rate based on historical losses to arrive at an estimated exit price fair value. Fair value for impaired loans is also based on recent appraisals or estimated cash flows discounted using rates commensurate with risk associated with the estimated cash flows. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information.

Loans held for sale - The loans held for sale portfolio was recorded at fair value based on quotes or bids from third parties.

FHLB stock – The fair value is based upon the par value of the stock that equates to its carrying value.

Time deposits – The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of FHLB advances and FRB borrowings is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar remaining maturities.

Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures - The fair value of junior subordinated debentures is estimated using an income approach valuation technique. The significant unobservable input utilized in the estimation of fair value of these instruments is the credit risk adjusted spread. The credit risk adjusted spread represents the nonperformance risk of the liability, contemplating the inherent risk of the obligation. The ending carrying (fair) value of the junior subordinated debentures measured at fair value represents the estimated amount that would be paid to transfer these liabilities in an orderly transaction amongst market participants. Due to credit concerns in the capital markets and inactivity in the trust preferred markets that have limited the observability of market spreads, the Company has classified this as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Senior Debt - The fair value of senior debt is estimated by using model pricing based on the debts relationship to other benchmark quoted pricing as provided by an independent third party and are considered a Level 2 input.

Interest rate swaps – The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counterparty to offset its interest rate risk. The Company also uses interest rate swaps for various fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. The fair value of these interest rate swaps is estimated by a third-party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique.

The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

	March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	8,692	$	5	$	(7)	$	8,690	5.83	%
1 to 5 years	5,699		4		(264)		5,439		2.89
5 to 10 years	162,027		524		(90)		162,461		6.01
Over 10 years	135,961		37		(389)		135,609		6.32
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	13,249		—		(397)		12,852		6.08
5 to 10 years	24,380		65		—		24,445		6.23
Over 10 years	513,964		1,251		(3,049)		512,166		6.30
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year	8,100		—		(1)		8,099		3.35
1 to 5 years	144,034		1,140		(845)		144,329		5.20
5 to 10 years	112,625		—		(15,310)		97,315		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,705		—		(265)		5,440		3.00
Over 10 years	29,812		3		(194)		29,621		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,358,888		1,232		(68,472)		1,291,648		3.85
	2,523,136		4,261		(89,283)		2,438,114		4.76
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	$	2,981,018	$	4,284	$	(139,727)	$	2,845,575	4.47	%

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized					Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	3,501	$	—		$	(36)	$	3,465	6.06	%
1 to 5 years	18,894		—			(563)		18,331		4.70
5 to 10 years	87,922		177			—		88,099		5.76
Over 10 years	106,340		831			(13)		107,158		5.84
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	18,579		—			(715)		17,864		6.06
5 to 10 years	36,875		2			(99)		36,778		6.11
Over 10 years	539,911		578			(7,115)		533,374		6.35
Corporate debt securities due
1 to 5 years	151,893		895			(1,787)		151,001		5.14
5 to 10 years	113,221		—			(21,700)		91,521		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,720		—			(701)		5,019		3.00
Over 10 years	29,832		361			(550)		29,643		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,005,928		66			(93,150)		912,844		3.39
	2,118,616		2,910			(126,429)		1,995,097		4.64
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	$	2,542,202	$	2,910		$	(194,827)	$	2,350,285	4.35	%

The Company purchased $214,707,000 of AFS investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and purchased $115,931,000 of AFS securities during the six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company also obtained $516,308,000 in AFS securities in the Merger. Sales of AFS securities totaled $176,402,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2024 compared to no sales during the prior year same period. The Company sold approximately $171,000,000 of AFS securities obtained in the Merger to rebalance the overall portfolio. Realized gains and losses from the sale were included in purchase accounting adjustments to reflect the acquisition date fair value as the sales took place close to the Merger date. For HTM investment securities, there were $47,670,000 in purchases during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and no purchases during the six months ended March 31, 2023. $2,570,000 of HTM securities were obtained in the Merger. There were no sales of HTM investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 or March 31, 2023. Substantially all of the agency mortgage-backed securities have contractual due dates that exceed 25 years.

The Company elected to exclude AIR from the amortized cost basis of debt securities disclosed throughout this footnote. For AFS securities, AIR totaled $11,141,000 and $8,641,000 as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. For HTM debt securities, AIR totaled $1,206,000 and $1,013,000 as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. AIR for securities is included in the Interest receivable line item balance on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 253 and 231 securities with an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

 

March 31, 2024	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	(214)	$	19,779	$	(15,942)	$	154,496	$	(16,156)	$	174,275
Municipal bonds	—		—		(458)		15,059		(458)		15,059
Asset-backed securities	(485)		110,515		(3,712)		247,943		(4,197)		358,458
Mortgage-backed securities	(734)		208,696		(67,738)		719,962		(68,472)		928,658
	(1,433)		338,990		(87,850)		1,137,460		(89,283)		1,476,450
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(2)		263		(50,442)		354,819		(50,444)		355,082
	$	(1,435)	$	339,253	$	(138,292)	$	1,492,279	$	(139,727)	$	1,831,532

September 30, 2023	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	—	$	(23,487)	$	167,452	$	(23,487)	$	167,452
Municipal bonds due	—		—		(1,250)		14,302		(1,250)		14,302
U.S. government and agency securities	(13)		14,917		(599)		21,795		(612)		36,712
Asset-backed securities	(2,142)		86,800		(5,788)		445,454		(7,930)		532,254
Mortgage-backed securities	(2,030)		142,235		(91,120)		744,010		(93,150)		886,245
	(4,185)		243,952		(122,244)		1,393,013		(126,429)		1,636,965
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(15)		1,424		(68,383)		353,764		(68,398)		355,188
	$	(4,200)	$	245,376	$	(190,627)	$	1,746,777	$	(194,827)	$	1,992,153

The decline in fair value since purchase is attributable to changes in interest rates. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023. The Company does not consider AFS or HTM investments to have any credit impairment.

The Company does not believe that the AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position have any credit loss impairment as of March 31, 2024 or September 30, 2023. The Company does not intend to sell the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position and it is more likely than not the Company will not be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. AFS debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Corporate debt securities and municipal bonds are considered to have an issuer of high credit quality and the decline in fair value is due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The

issuer continues to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following tables present the fair value, notional amount and balance sheet classification of derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

March 31, 2024	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	938,116	$	63,264	Other liabilities	$	938,116	$	64,020
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	37,042		2,509		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	3,070,000		56,093		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		154,588		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	5,045,158	$	276,454		$	938,116	$	64,020

September 30, 2023	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	806,744	$	78,797	Other liabilities	$	806,744	$	79,668
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	39,661		3,405		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	670,000		46,396		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		184,373		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	2,516,405	$	312,971		$	806,744	$	79,668

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk. These arrangements include hedges of individual fixed rate commercial loans and also hedges of a specified portion of pools of prepayable fixed rate mortgage loans under the "portfolio layer" method. These relationships qualify as fair value hedges under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"), which provides for offsetting of the recognition of gains and losses of the respective interest rate swap and the hedged items. Gains and losses on interest rate swaps designated in these hedge relationships, along with the offsetting gains and losses on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings within the same income statement line item.

Upon electing to apply ASC 815 fair value hedge accounting, the carrying value of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect the cumulative impact of changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk. The hedge basis adjustment remains with the hedged item until the hedged item is de-recognized from the balance sheet. The following tables present the impact of fair value hedge accounting on the carrying value of the hedged items at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)
	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are a portfolio layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $8,006,330,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(37,192,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $3,070,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $34,544,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(2,447,000).

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)
	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $1,780,503,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(45,622,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $670,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $36,367,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(3,243,000).

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to convert certain short-term borrowings to fixed rate payments. The primary purpose of these hedges is to mitigate the risk of changes in future cash flows resulting from increasing interest rates. For qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815, gains and losses on the interest rate swaps are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and then reclassified into earnings in the same period the hedged cash flows affect earnings and within the same income statement line item as the hedged cash flows. As of March 31, 2024, the maturities for hedges of adjustable-rate borrowings ranged from one year to six years, with the weighted average being 5.0 years.

The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments (cash flow hedges on borrowings) on AOCI for the periods presented.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	10,742	$	(21,972)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	10,742	$	(21,972)

(In thousands)	Six Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)

The following tables present the gain (loss) on derivative instruments in fair value and cash flow accounting hedging relationships under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024				Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	274,341	$	(44,065)	$	222,957	$	(28,185)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	8,517			$	4,237
Recognized on derivatives	15,515				(6,608)
Recognized on hedged items	(16,385)				6,696
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	7,647			$	4,325
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	11,714			$	9,457
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	11,714			$	9,457

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024				Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	520,133	$	(82,003)	$	426,903	$	(47,159)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	14,010			$	7,404
Recognized on derivatives	(9,981)				(9,457)
Recognized on hedged items	9,225				9,828
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	13,254			$	7,775
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	23,561			$	16,731
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	23,561			$	16,731

The Company periodically enters into certain interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rate payments, while the Company retains a variable rate loan. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable rate loan agreement and a swap agreement with the client. The swap agreement effectively converts the client’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate. The Company enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to offset its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the client's swap agreement. The interest rate swaps are derivatives under ASC 815, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The impact to the statement of operations was an increase in other income of $114,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and an increase of $26,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2023.

The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments (client swap program) that are not designated in accounting hedges under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	11,014	$	(11,143)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	(11,008)		11,169
		$	6	$	26

(In thousands)		Six Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	(17,695)	$	(15,021)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	17,809		15,047
		$	114	$	26

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Since net interest income on financial assets and liabilities is outside the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), a significant majority of Company revenues are not subject to that guidance.

Revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within non-interest income and are, in general, recognized as revenue at the same time the Company's obligation to the customer is satisfied. Most of the Company's customer contracts that are within the scope of the new guidance are cancelable by either party without penalty and are short-term in nature. These sources of revenue include depositor and other consumer and business banking fees, commission income, as well as debit and credit card interchange fees. In scope revenue streams represented approximately 3.5% of Company total revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 4.0% for the six months ended March 31, 2023. As this standard is immaterial to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has omitted certain disclosures in ASC 606, including the disaggregation of revenue table. Sources of non-interest income within the scope of the guidance include the following:

Deposit related and other service charges (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company's deposit accounts are governed by standardized contracts customary in the industry. Revenues are earned at a point in time or over time (monthly) from account maintenance fees and charges for specific transactions such as wire transfers, stop payment orders, overdrafts, debit card replacements, check orders and cashier’s checks. The Company’s performance obligation related to each of these fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, at the time the service is provided (point in time or monthly). The Company is principal in each of these contracts.

Debit and Credit Card Interchange Fees (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company receives interchange fees from the debit card or credit card payment network based on transactions involving debit or credit cards issued by the Company, generally measured as a percentage of the underlying transaction. Interchange fees from debit and credit card transactions are recognized as the transaction processing services are provided by the network. The Company acts as an agent in the card payment network arrangement, so the interchange fees are recorded net of any expenses paid to the principal (the card payment network in this case).

Insurance Agency Commissions (recognized in Other income) - WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Washington Federal Bank that operates as an insurance agency, selling and marketing property and casualty insurance policies for a small number of high-quality insurance carriers. WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. earns revenue in the form of commissions paid by the insurance carriers for policies that have been sold. In addition to the origination commission, WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. may also receive contingent incentive fees based on the volume of business generated for the insurance carrier and based on policy renewal rates.

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Commitment and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments - The Company’s lease commitments consist primarily of real estate property for branches and office space under various non-cancellable operating leases that expire between 2024 and 2070. The majority of the leases contain renewal options and provisions for increases in rental rates based on a predetermined schedule or an agreed upon index.

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk - The only material off-balance-sheet credit exposures are unfunded loan commitments, which had a combined balance of $3,859,416,000 and $3,625,333,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30,

2023, respectively. The reserve was $23,500,000 as of March 31, 2024, which is a decrease from $24,500,000 at September 30, 2023. See Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for details regarding the reserve methodology.

Legal Proceedings - The Company and its subsidiaries are from time-to-time defendants in and are threatened with various legal proceedings arising from regular business activities. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 15,888	$ 65,934	$ 74,341	$ 145,443

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation - The Company has prepared the consolidated unaudited interim financial statements included in this report. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements.

On February 29, 2024, WaFd, Inc. closed its previously announced merger with Luther Burbank Corporation ("Luther Burbank" or "LBC"), a California corporation, effective as of 12:00am on March 1, 2024 (the "Effective Time"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time Luther Burbank merged with and into the Company (the “Corporate Merger”), with the Company surviving the Corporate Merger. Promptly following the Corporate Merger, Luther Burbank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, merged with and into WaFd Bank with the WaFd Bank as the surviving institution (the “Bank Merger”). The Corporate Merger and the Bank Merger are collectively referred to in this Current Report on Form 10-Q as the “Merger.”

The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and was effectively an all-stock transaction accounted for as a business combination. The Company's financial results for any periods ended prior to February 29, 2024 reflect WaFd results only on a standalone basis. As a result, financial results for the second quarter of 2024 may not be directly comparable to prior reported periods. Refer to Note B - Business Combination for further details.

The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes contained in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 17, 2023 ("2023 Annual Financial Statements"). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations - The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Management utilizes prevailing valuation techniques appropriate for the asset or liability being measured in determining these fair values. This method often involves estimates based on third party valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Acquisition-related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred. Fair values are subject to refinement over the measurement period, not to exceed one year after the closing date.

Equity Securities

Equity Securities - The Company records equity securities within Other assets in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These equity investments are accounted for under different methods.

•Low-income housing tax credit investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method.

•For equity investments where the Company has significant influence, the Company applies the equity method of accounting, which adjusts the carrying value of the investment to recognize a proportionate share of the financial results of the investment entity, regardless of whether any distribution is made. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•For investments in certain nonmarketable equity securities investments where the equity method of accounting is not applicable, the Company applies the fair value method. Any adjustments to the fair value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value is determined by reference to readily determinable market values, if applicable. As these investments do not have readily determinable fair values, they are generally accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable transactions involving the same or similar investments from the same issuer. This practice is referred to as the measurement alternative.

•Equity investments in qualified real estate funds can use the NAV expedient for fair value measurement. Under this method, the net asset value (NAV) determined by the fund is used as fair value for the investment. At March 31, 2024, equity investments held by the Company and recorded at NAV had a carrying amount of $36,703,000 and a remaining unfunded commitment of $3,280,000. These NAV based investments cannot be transferred without consent and we do not have redemption rights. Equity investments measured at NAV are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans Receivable) and Allowance for Credit Losses (Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities)

Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans Receivable) - The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. The current expected credit loss methodology (“CECL”) requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures).

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its ACL. The Company has designated two loan portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. These loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes, which represent loans of similar type, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. The commercial loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, and land acquisition and development. The risk of loss for the commercial loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by the credit risk rating assigned to each borrower. Commercial loan risk ratings are determined by experienced senior credit officers based on specific facts and circumstances and are subject to periodic review by an independent internal team of credit specialists. The consumer loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: single-family-residential mortgage, custom construction, consumer lot loans, home equity lines of credit, and

other consumer. The risk of loss for the consumer loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by delinquency status and general economic factors. Each commercial and consumer loan portfolio class may also be further segmented based on risk characteristics.

For the majority of the Company's loan portfolio classes, the historical loss experience is determined using a cohort methodology. This method pools loans into groups (“cohorts”) sharing similar risk characteristics and tracks each cohort’s net charge-offs over the lives of the loans to calculate a historical loss rate. The historical loss rates for each cohort are then averaged to calculate an overall historical loss rate which is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class. For certain loan portfolio classes, the Company determined there was not sufficient historical loss information to calculate a meaningful historical loss rate using the cohort methodology. For any such loan portfolio class, the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology is being utilized until sufficient historical loss data is obtained. The WARM method multiplies an average annual loss rate by the expected remaining life of the loan pool to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the historical loss rate for each loan portfolio class. The qualitative adjustments for each loan class consider the conditions over the period from which historical loss experience was based and are split into two components: 1) asset or class specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date related to portfolio credit quality, remaining payments, volume and nature, credit culture and management, business environment or other management factors and 2) reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions and collateral values.

The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans, risk rating migration, delinquencies, etc. The asset quality review is performed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative overlay to the quantitative baseline. The second qualitative adjustment noted above, economic conditions and collateral values, encompasses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The overlay adjustment for the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes an immediate reversion after the one-year forecast period to historical loss rates for the remaining life of the respective loan pool.

The Company may establish a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in each respective loan pool if management deems it appropriate. If this occurs, these individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans but may also include other non-performing loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities) - For held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, the Company is required to utilize a CECL methodology to estimate expected credit losses. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about HTM debt securities.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Available-for-Sale Debt Securities) - The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the CECL methodology applied for HTM debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any remaining discount that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or recapture of) credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued Interest Receivable - The Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable (“AIR”):

•Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately from their underlying instruments within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

•Excluding accrued interest receivable that is included in the amortized cost of financing receivables from related disclosure requirements.

•Continuing the Company's policy to write off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income in cases where the Company does not reasonably expect to receive payment.

•Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of writing off uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.

Non-Accrual and Collateral-Dependent Loans

Non-Accrual Loans - Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the probability of collection of interest is deemed to be insufficient to warrant further accrual. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. The Bank does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due. If payment is made on a loan so that the loan becomes less than 90 days past due, and the Bank expects full collection of principal and interest, the loan is returned to full accrual status. Any interest ultimately collected is credited to income in the period of recovery. A loan is charged-off when the loss is estimable and it is confirmed that the borrower is not expected to be able to meet contractual obligations.

If a consumer loan is on non-accrual status before being modified, it will stay on non-accrual status following restructuring until it has been performing for at least six months, at which point it may be moved to accrual status. For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances, after the required six consecutive payments are made, management will conclude that collection of the entire principal and interest due is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual status.

Collateral-Dependent Loans - A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans and leases deemed collateral-dependent, the Company elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral consists of various types of real estate including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.

Off-balance-sheet credit exposures

Off-balance-sheet credit exposures - Off-balance-sheet credit exposures for the Company include unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Banks of both Des Moines and San Francisco, which had a combined balance of $3,859,416,000 and $3,625,333,000 at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition), with adjustments to the reserve recognized through provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets - Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangibles, including core deposit intangibles, are acquired assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis and between tests if circumstances such as material adverse changes in legal, business, regulatory and economic factors exist. We have determined our goodwill balance is all related to a single reporting unit and perform a quantitative impairment assessment. An impairment loss is recorded when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, an impairment charge could be recorded. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives and are subject to impairment testing when events or circumstances change.

The Company performs a goodwill impairment assessment annually and continuously monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining the fair value of goodwill.

As a result of the Merger, the Company recorded $105,836,000 in goodwill and $37,022,000 in core deposit intangible assets. Additional information on the Merger and purchase price allocation is provided in Note B "Business Combination". The core deposit intangible asset value was determined by an analysis of the cost differential between the core deposits acquired, inclusive of estimated servicing costs, and alternative funding sources for those deposits. The core deposit intangible asset recorded is amortized on an accelerated basis over 6 years. In addition to the effects of the Merger, the Company added a small amount of intangibles during year-to-date fiscal 2024 as the result of acquisitions made by subsidiary WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. No impairment losses separate from the scheduled amortization have been recognized in the periods presented.

Subsequent events

Subsequent events - The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements - In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-6 Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments In Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics and align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. The amendments will be effective for the Company only if the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from its existing regulations no later than June 30, 2027. If the SEC timely removes such a related requirement from its existing regulations, the corresponding amendments within the ASU will become effective

for the Company on the same date with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the amendments in this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280) to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. For public companies amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740) which requires reporting companies to break out their income tax expense and tax rate reconciliation in more detail. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active exchange markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company has established and documented the process for determining the fair values of its assets and liabilities, where applicable. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available, for identical or similar assets or liabilities. In the absence of quoted market prices, fair value is determined using valuation models or third-party appraisals. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to measure and report the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Measured on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-Sale Securities, Loans Held for Sale and Derivative Contracts

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of debt securities are priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and under GAAP are considered a Level 2 input method. Securities that are traded on active exchanges are measured using the closing price in an active market and are considered a Level 1 input method.

Certain loans acquired in the Merger which have been designated as held for sale were recorded at fair value to be remeasured on a recurring basis until sold. The fair value of these loans is based on observable market data including dealer quotes and bids from third parties. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counter party to offset its interest rate risk. The Company has also entered into commercial loan hedges, mortgage pool hedges and borrowings hedges using interest rate swaps. The fair value of these interest rate swaps are estimated by a third-party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The table below provides detail regarding the Company's intangible assets.

	Goodwill		Core Deposit and Other Intangibles		Total
	(In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	304,750	$	5,869	$	310,619
Additions	375		375		750
Amortization	—		(266)		(266)
Balance at December 31, 2023	305,125		5,978		311,103
Additions	106,276		37,462		143,738
Amortization	—		(1,302)		(1,302)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	411,401	$	42,138	$	453,539

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

The table below presents the estimated future amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five years as of March 31, 2024.

Fiscal Year	Expected Expense
	(In thousands)
2024	$	6,155
2025	9,768
2026	7,217
2027	5,473
2028	5,111
Thereafter	8,414
Total Intangibles Assets	$	42,138

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Business Combination (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisition

The purchase price for purposes of the transaction accounting adjustments is calculated based on the number of shares of WaFd stock issued to LBC shareholders and the closing share price on the Merger Date as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands except share and per share data).

Number of WaFd shares issued to LBC shareholders	17,089
WaFd market price per share on February 29, 2024	$	27.24
Purchase price of shares issued to LBC shareholders	$	465,501
Cash in lieu of fractional shares	$	3
Purchase price consideration	$	465,504

The following table shows the impact of merger-related expenses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024.

Merger-Related Expenses	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Severance and employee-related	$	20,266	$	20,266
Legal and Professional	3,793		3,982
Charitable contributions	1,000		1,000
System conversion and integration	60		388
	$	25,119	$	25,636

Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The table below displays the amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

	March 1, 2024
	(in thousands)
Total merger consideration			$	465,504
Fair value of assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	627,403
Investment securities	518,878
Loans receivable	3,205,350
Loans held for sale	2,993,223
Interest receivable	25,697
Premises and equipment	6,436
FHLB stock	35,831
Bank owned life insurance	17,781
Intangible assets	37,022
Deferred tax asset, net	132,837
Other assets	75,885
Total assets acquired	$	7,676,343
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Customer accounts	$	5,640,440
Borrowings	1,432,138
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	50,175
Senior Debt	93,514
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	100,408
Total liabilities assumed	$	7,316,675
Net Assets Acquired			$	359,668
Goodwill			$	105,836

Schedule of Financing Receivables Acquired

The following table provides a summary of these PCD loans at acquisition:

	March 1, 2024
	(In thousands)
Principal of PCD loans acquired	$	293,204
PCD ACL at acquisition	(7,403)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(45,869)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	239,932

Schedule of Pro Forma Information

The pro forma amounts below do not reflect the Company's expectations as of the date of the pro forma information of further operating cost savings and other business synergies expected to be achieved, including revenue growth as a result of the Merger. As a result, actual amounts differed from the unaudited pro forma information presented.

	Unaudited Pro Forma for the Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Net-interest income	$	351,263	$	447,902
Non-interest income	$	30,238	$	26,302
Net income1	$	120,116	$	145,277
1The 2024 pro forma net income was adjusted to exclude $40,000,000 of merger-related costs, inclusive of historical LBC merger-related costs, incurred in 2024 and the 2023 pro forma net income was adjusted to include these costs.

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Loans Receivable (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Loans Receivable

The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class. Loans held for sale of approximately $3 billion are excluded from the following tables.

	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
Gross loans by category	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,173,375	18.5	%	$	2,907,086	14.8	%
Commercial real estate	3,570,790		15.8		3,344,959		17.0
Commercial & industrial	2,290,452		10.1		2,321,717		11.8
Construction	2,631,783		11.6		3,318,994		16.9
Land - acquisition & development	215,831		1.0		201,538		1.0
Total commercial loans	12,882,231		57.0		12,094,294		61.6
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,816,039		39.0		6,451,270		32.8
Construction - custom	466,740		2.1		672,643		3.4
Land - consumer lot loans	115,022		0.5		125,723		0.6
HELOC	243,852		1.1		234,410		1.2
Consumer	74,269		0.3		70,164		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,715,922		43.0		7,554,210		38.4
Total gross loans	22,598,153		100	%	19,648,504		100	%
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	201,577				177,207
Loans in process	1,303,978				1,895,940
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	297,339				98,807
Total loan contra accounts	1,802,894				2,171,954
Net loans	$	20,795,259			$	17,476,550

Non-accrual Loans and Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing

The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of non-accrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due and accruing.

 

	March 31, 2024							September 30, 2023
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
	Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing		Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	8,377		$	—	$	—	$	5,127		$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	27,022			—		—		23,435			—		—
Commercial & industrial	4,436			—		—		6,082			—		—
Construction	—					—		—			—		—
Land - acquisition & development	112			—		—		—			—		—
Total commercial loans	39,947			—		—		34,644			—		—
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	20,016			—		—		14,918			—		—
Construction - custom	88			—		—		88			—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	—			—		—		9			—		—
HELOC	491			—		—		736			—		—
Consumer	264			—		—		27			—		—
Total consumer loans	20,859			—		—		15,778			—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	60,806		$	—	$	—	$	50,422		$	—	$	—
% of total net loans	0.29		%					0.29		%

Loan Delinquencies by Loan Portfolio and Class

The following tables provide details regarding loan delinquencies by loan portfolio and class.

 

March 31, 2024			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	4,089,719	$	4,072,075	$	14,869	$	—	$	2,775	$	17,644	0.43	%
Commercial real estate	3,544,884		3,520,286		—		—		24,598		24,598		0.69
Commercial & industrial	2,283,922		2,279,347		140		—		4,435		4,575		0.20
Construction	1,623,496		1,622,736		760		—		—		760		0.05
Land - acquisition & development	175,704		175,592		—		—		112		112		0.06
Total commercial loans	11,717,725		11,670,036		15,769		—		31,920		47,689		0.41
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	8,619,916		8,594,155		6,274		3,828		15,659		25,761		0.30
Construction - custom	223,377		222,530		760		—		87		847		0.38
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		113,949		307		—		—		307		0.27
HELOC	247,305		246,296		483		86		440		1,009		0.41
Consumer	74,257		73,822		52		119		264		435		0.59
Total consumer loans	9,279,111		9,250,752		7,876		4,033		16,450		28,359		0.31
Total Loans	$	20,996,836	$	20,920,788	$	23,645	$	4,033	$	48,370	$	76,048	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.11%		0.01%		0.23%		0.36%

September 30, 2023			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	2,886,594	$	2,886,462	$	—	$	—	$	132	$	132	—	%
Commercial real estate	3,310,101		3,285,673		848		145		23,435		24,428		0.74
Commercial & industrial	2,315,318		2,307,020		30		2,186		6,082		8,298		0.36
Construction	1,838,936		1,838,936		—		—		—		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		156,661		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,507,610		10,474,752		878		2,331		29,649		32,858		0.31
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	6,388,990		6,365,065		6,441		6,068		11,416		23,925		0.37
Construction - custom	324,451		320,987		760		2,617		87		3,464		1.07
Land - consumer lot loans	124,842		124,231		358		245		8		611		0.49
HELOC	237,754		235,708		1,050		314		682		2,046		0.86
Consumer	70,110		69,699		228		107		76		411		0.59
Total consumer loans	7,146,147		7,115,690		8,837		9,351		12,269		30,457		0.43
Total Loans	$	17,653,757	$	17,590,442	$	9,715	$	11,682	$	41,918	$	63,315	0.36	%
Delinquency %			99.64%		0.06%		0.07%		0.24%		0.36%

Schedule of Loan Modifications

The following table presents the amortized basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the period by loan class and modification type. All such modifications during the quarter were term extensions.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial & industrial	42,683		1.87		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	55,821		0.48
Total Loans	$	55,821	0.27	%
	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
Loan Class	Term Extension		% of Total Loan Class Balance		Wtd. Avg. Term Extension
	( in thousands)				(in months)
Commercial real estate	93		—	%	20
Commercial & industrial	50,730		2.22		3
Construction	13,138		0.81		15
Total commercial loans	63,961		0.55
Total Loans	$	63,961	0.30	%

Schedule of Loans Based on Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present by primary credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023. There were no commercial loans classified as Doubtful or Loss as of either date.

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,354,276	$	1,105,788	$	547,312	$	648,522	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	3,944,926
Special Mention	—		—		92,620		2,678		1,203		16,483		—		—		112,984
Substandard	—		—		5,665		2,296		7,874		15,974		—		—		31,809
Total	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,452,561	$	1,110,762	$	556,389	$	680,979	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	125,124	$	214,702	$	1,026,962	$	731,080	$	448,225	$	838,539	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,386,918
Special Mention	—		—		2,884		23,133		—		16,377		—		—		42,394
Substandard	—		499		16,661		2,260		29,854		66,298		—		—		115,572
Total	$	125,124	$	215,201	$	1,046,507	$	756,473	$	478,079	$	921,214	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,544,884
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	17,307	$	159,129	$	238,221	$	298,401	$	108,517	$	177,856	$	1,093,054	$	222	$	2,092,707
Special Mention	—		—		32,861		608		—		309		38,005		—		71,783
Substandard	—		2,095		12,026		172		2,701		49,036		53,401		1		119,432
Total	$	17,307	$	161,224	$	283,108	$	299,181	$	111,218	$	227,201	$	1,184,460	$	223	$	2,283,922
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		10		30		56		—		31		127
Construction
Pass	$	54,184	$	389,785	$	686,499	$	290,139	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,600,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		2,888		—		—		—		—		2,888
Substandard	655		3,801		2,022		13,138		—		—		—		—		19,616
Total	$	54,839	$	393,586	$	688,521	$	306,165	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,068	$	56,474	$	6,043	$	18,540	$	—	$	—	$	175,101
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		354		—		—		354
Substandard	—		—		137		—		112		—		—		—		249
Total	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,205	$	56,474	$	6,155	$	18,894	$	—	$	—	$	175,704
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		18		—		—		18
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	278,606	$	950,862	$	3,371,026	$	2,481,882	$	1,160,297	$	1,735,357	$	1,209,178	$	13,436	$	11,200,644
Special Mention	—		—		128,365		29,307		1,203		33,523		38,005		—		230,403
Substandard	655		6,395		36,511		17,866		40,541		131,308		53,401		1		286,678
Total	$	279,261	$	957,257	$	3,535,902	$	2,529,055	$	1,202,041	$	1,900,188	$	1,300,584	$	13,437	$	11,717,725
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	30	$	74	$	—	$	31	$	145

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	121,983	$	787,975	$	2,384,151	$	2,193,608	$	860,379	$	2,246,059	$	—	$	—	$	8,594,155
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		264		6,010		—		—		6,274
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,012		—		—		3,828
90+ days past due	—		1,816		2,939		2,175		—		8,729		—		—		15,659
Total	$	121,983	$	789,791	$	2,387,933	$	2,196,756	$	860,643	$	2,262,810	$	—	$	—	$	8,619,916
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		131		—		—		131
Construction - custom
Current	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	69,481	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	222,530
30 days past due	—		—		760		—		—		—		—		—		760
90+ days past due	—		—		87		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	70,328	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	223,377
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,755	$	26,802	$	10,529	$	15,181	$	—	$	—	$	113,949
30 days past due	—		—		162		131		—		14		—		—		307
Total	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,917	$	26,933	$	10,529	$	15,195	$	—	$	—	$	114,256
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,025	$	240,569	$	702	$	246,296
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		100		383		—		483
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		42		—		86
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		440		—		440
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,169	$	241,434	$	702	$	247,305
Consumer
Current	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,732	$	34,445	$	—	$	73,822
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		24		28		—		52
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		70		49		—		119
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		136		128		—		264
Total	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,962	$	34,650	$	—	$	74,257
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		123		239		—		362
Total consumer loans
Current	$	138,127	$	948,213	$	2,490,459	$	2,231,549	$	879,333	$	2,287,355	$	275,014	$	702	$	9,250,752
30 days past due	—		—		922		131		264		6,148		411		—		7,876
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,126		91		—		4,033
90+ days past due	—		1,816		3,026		2,175		—		8,865		568		—		16,450
Total	$	138,127	$	950,029	$	2,495,250	$	2,234,828	$	879,597	$	2,304,494	$	276,084	$	702	$	9,279,111
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	254	$	239	$	—	$	493

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	135,859	$	658,126	$	850,998	$	541,655	$	135,965	$	400,412	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,772,538
Special Mention	—		90,428		—		—		—		—		—		—		90,428
Substandard	—		5,711		2,309		2,422		7,583		5,603		—		—		23,628
Total	$	135,859	$	754,265	$	853,307	$	544,077	$	143,548	$	406,015	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	221,057	$	912,776	$	735,069	$	476,941	$	262,945	$	596,459	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,207,596
Special Mention	—		—		788		—		4,059		—		—		—		4,847
Substandard	499		5,361		3,810		24,538		27,916		35,534		—		—		97,658
Total	$	221,556	$	918,137	$	739,667	$	501,479	$	294,920	$	631,993	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,310,101
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	155,411	$	258,798	$	316,713	$	117,089	$	24,246	$	175,042	$	1,089,896	$	27,681	$	2,164,876
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		2,940		—		3,707		—		6,647
Substandard	—		5,532		8,537		2,783		3,819		46,297		69,948		6,879		143,795
Total	$	155,411	$	264,330	$	325,250	$	119,872	$	31,005	$	221,339	$	1,163,551	$	34,560	$	2,315,318
Construction
Pass	$	235,150	$	833,577	$	559,850	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,818,266
Substandard	2,901		5,119		12,650		—		—		—		—		—		20,670
Total	$	238,051	$	838,696	$	572,500	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	20,593	$	69,414	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,390
Substandard	—		271		—		—		—		—		—		—		271
Total	$	20,593	$	69,685	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,661
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	768,070	$	2,732,691	$	2,501,906	$	1,210,070	$	469,897	$	1,190,162	$	1,219,189	$	27,681	$	10,119,666
Special Mention	—		90,428		788		—		6,999		—		3,707		—		101,922
Substandard	3,400		21,994		27,306		29,743		39,318		87,434		69,948		6,879		286,022
Total	$	771,470	$	2,845,113	$	2,530,000	$	1,239,813	$	516,214	$	1,277,596	$	1,292,844	$	34,560	$	10,507,610

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	513,007	$	1,478,479	$	1,719,163	$	718,250	$	295,836	$	1,640,330	$	—	$	—	$	6,365,065
30 days past due	822		115		859		392		221		4,032		—		—		6,441
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,420		1,325		—		1,797		—		—		6,068
90+ days past due	—		1,470		666		1,408		—		7,872		—		—		11,416
Total	$	513,829	$	1,481,590	$	1,722,108	$	721,375	$	296,057	$	1,654,031	$	—	$	—	$	6,388,990
Construction - custom
Current	$	92,081	$	218,988	$	8,838	$	243	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	320,987
30 days past due	—		760		—		—		—		—		—		—		760
60 days past due	—		—		—		2,617		—		—		—		—		2,617
90+ days past due	—		87		—		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	92,081	$	219,835	$	8,838	$	2,860	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	324,451
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,048	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,714	$	—	$	—	$	124,231
30 days past due	—		—		358		—		—		—		—		—		358
60 days past due	—		—		245		—		—		—		—		—		245
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		—		—		8
Total	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,651	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,722	$	—	$	—	$	124,842
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,733	$	230,338	$	1,637	$	235,708
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		1,006		—		1,050
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		314		—		—		314
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		682		—		682
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,091	$	232,026	$	1,637	$	237,754
Consumer
Current	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	16	$	23,201	$	27,945	$	—	$	69,699
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		225		3		—		228
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		106		1		—		107
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		29		46		—		1		76
Total	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	45	$	23,578	$	27,949	$	1	$	70,110
Total consumer loans
Current	$	624,878	$	1,739,246	$	1,772,797	$	738,016	$	300,376	$	1,680,457	$	258,283	$	1,637	$	7,115,690
30 days past due	822		875		1,217		392		221		4,301		1,009		—		8,837
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,665		3,942		—		2,217		1		—		9,351
90+ days past due	—		1,557		666		1,408		29		7,926		682		1		12,269
Total	$	625,700	$	1,743,204	$	1,776,345	$	743,758	$	300,626	$	1,694,901	$	259,975	$	1,638	$	7,146,147

The following tables provide the amortized cost of loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

March 31, 2024	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	3,944,926		$	112,984		$	31,809		$	—		$	—		$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate	3,386,918			42,394			115,572			—			—			3,544,884
Commercial & industrial	2,092,707			71,783			119,432			—			—			2,283,922
Construction	1,600,992			2,888			19,616			—			—			1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development	175,101			354			249			—			—			175,704
Total commercial loans	11,200,644			230,403			286,678			—			—			11,717,725
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,901			—			20,015			—			—			8,619,916
Construction - custom	223,290			—			87			—			—			223,377
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256			—			—			—			—			114,256
HELOC	246,814			—			491			—			—			247,305
Consumer	74,117			—			140			—			—			74,257
Total consumer loans	9,258,378			—			20,733			—			—			9,279,111
Total	$	20,459,022		$	230,403		$	307,411		$	—		$	—		$	20,996,836
Total grade as a % of total loans	97.44		%	1.10		%	1.47		%	—		%	—		%

September 30, 2023	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total Gross Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,772,538		$	90,428		$	23,628		$	—		$	—		$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate	3,207,596			4,847			97,658			—			—			3,310,101
Commercial & industrial	2,164,876			6,647			143,795			—			—			2,315,318
Construction	1,818,266			—			20,670			—			—			1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development	156,390			—			271			—			—			156,661
Total commercial loans	10,119,666			101,922			286,022			—			—			10,507,610
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,370,936			—			18,054			—			—			6,388,990
Construction - custom	324,363			—			88			—			—			324,451
Land - consumer lot loans	124,588			—			254			—			—			124,842
HELOC	237,018			—			736			—			—			237,754
Consumer	70,098			—			12			—			—			70,110
Total consumer loans	7,127,003			—			19,144			—			—			7,146,147
Total loans	$	17,246,669		$	101,922		$	305,166		$	—		$	—		$	17,653,757
Total grade as a % of total gross loans	97.69		%	0.58		%	1.73		%	—		%	—		%

The following tables provide information on the amortized cost of loans receivable based on borrower payment activity.

March 31, 2024	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,081,342	99.8	%	$	8,377	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,517,862		99.2		27,022		0.8
Commercial & industrial	2,279,486		99.8		4,436		0.2
Construction	1,623,496		100.0		—		0.0
Land - acquisition & development	175,592		99.9		112		0.1
Total commercial loans	11,677,778		99.7		39,947		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,900		99.8		20,016		0.2
Construction - custom	223,289		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		100.0		—		0.0
HELOC	246,814		99.8		491		0.2
Consumer	73,993		99.6		264		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,258,252		99.8		20,859		0.2
Total loans	$	20,936,030	99.7	%	$	60,806	0.3	%

September 30, 2023	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,881,467	99.8	%	$	5,127	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,286,666		99.3		23,435		0.7
Commercial & industrial	2,309,236		99.7		6,082		0.3
Construction	1,838,936		100.0		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		100.0		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,472,966		99.7		34,644		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,374,072		99.8		14,918		0.2
Construction - custom	324,363		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	124,833		100.0		9		—
HELOC	237,018		99.7		736		0.3
Consumer	70,083		100.0		27		0.0
Total consumer loans	7,130,369		99.8		15,778		0.2
Total loans	$	17,603,335	99.7	%	$	50,422	0.3	%

XML

Allowance for Losses on Loans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses by Loan Portfolio Segment and Class

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment and class. 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,791	$	—	$	—	$	8,188	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	29,007		—		—		3,984		32,991
Commercial & industrial	60,836		(65)		32		(1,542)		59,261
Construction	28,863		—		—		(1,546)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	6,658		—		21		1,186		7,865
Total commercial loans	139,155		(65)		53		10,270		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,556		(131)		55		12,574		41,054
Construction - custom	2,262		—		—		(344)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,345		—		46		(177)		3,214
HELOC	2,973		—		1		—		2,974
Consumer	3,029		(149)		44		80		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,165		(280)		146		12,133		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	179,320	$	(345)	$	199	$	22,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision for unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,324	$	—	$	—	$	714	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	27,380		—		1		422		27,803
Commercial & industrial	63,873		(6,054)		42		5,440		63,301
Construction	26,133		—		—		(106)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	8,572		—		14		(1,090)		7,496
Total commercial loans	138,282		(6,054)		57		5,380		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,475		(34)		104		1,371		26,916
Construction - custom	3,500		—		—		(44)		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	4,142		—		5		(202)		3,945
HELOC	2,588		—		—		74		2,662
Consumer	2,810		(38)		83		(79)		2,776
Total consumer loans	38,515		(72)		192		1,120		39,755
Total loans	$	176,797	$	(6,126)	$	249	$	6,500	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $3,000,000.

Six Months Ended March 31, 2024	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	13,155	$	—	$	—	$	8,824	$	21,979
Commercial real estate	28,842		—		2		4,147		32,991
Commercial & industrial	58,773		(127)		64		551		59,261
Construction	29,408		—		—		(2,091)		27,317
Land - acquisition & development	7,016		(18)		71		796		7,865
Total commercial loans	137,194		(145)		137		12,227		149,413
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	28,029		(131)		175		12,981		41,054
Construction - custom	2,781		—		—		(863)		1,918
Land - consumer lot loans	3,512		—		55		(353)		3,214
HELOC	2,859		—		2		113		2,974
Consumer	2,832		(362)		236		298		3,004
Total consumer loans	40,013		(493)		468		12,176		52,164
Total ACL - loans	$	177,207	$	(638)	$	605	$	24,403	$	201,577

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table include the $16,000,000 initial provision related to non-PCD loans acquired during the quarter and the $7,403,000 PCD ACL amount included in the Merger purchase price allocation but do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $1,000,000.

Six Months Ended March 31, 2023	Beginning Allowance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers1		Ending Allowance
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	12,013	$	—	$	—	$	1,025	$	13,038
Commercial real estate	25,814		—		5		1,984		27,803
Commercial & industrial	57,210		(6,136)		74		12,153		63,301
Construction	26,161		—		—		(134)		26,027
Land - acquisition & development	12,278		—		30		(4,812)		7,496
Total commercial loans	133,476		(6,136)		109		10,216		137,665
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	25,518		(34)		534		898		26,916
Construction - custom	3,410		—		—		46		3,456
Land - consumer lot loans	5,047		—		5		(1,107)		3,945
HELOC	2,482		—		1		179		2,662
Consumer	2,875		(184)		317		(232)		2,776
Total consumer loans	39,332		(218)		857		(216)		39,755
Total loans	$	172,808	$	(6,354)	$	966	$	10,000	$	177,420

1Provision & transfer amounts within the table do not include provision recapture from unfunded commitments of $4,000,000.

Schedule of Loans Based on Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present by primary credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of loans receivable as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023. There were no commercial loans classified as Doubtful or Loss as of either date.

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,354,276	$	1,105,788	$	547,312	$	648,522	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	3,944,926
Special Mention	—		—		92,620		2,678		1,203		16,483		—		—		112,984
Substandard	—		—		5,665		2,296		7,874		15,974		—		—		31,809
Total	$	67,578	$	172,683	$	1,452,561	$	1,110,762	$	556,389	$	680,979	$	35,553	$	13,214	$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	125,124	$	214,702	$	1,026,962	$	731,080	$	448,225	$	838,539	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,386,918
Special Mention	—		—		2,884		23,133		—		16,377		—		—		42,394
Substandard	—		499		16,661		2,260		29,854		66,298		—		—		115,572
Total	$	125,124	$	215,201	$	1,046,507	$	756,473	$	478,079	$	921,214	$	2,286	$	—	$	3,544,884
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	17,307	$	159,129	$	238,221	$	298,401	$	108,517	$	177,856	$	1,093,054	$	222	$	2,092,707
Special Mention	—		—		32,861		608		—		309		38,005		—		71,783
Substandard	—		2,095		12,026		172		2,701		49,036		53,401		1		119,432
Total	$	17,307	$	161,224	$	283,108	$	299,181	$	111,218	$	227,201	$	1,184,460	$	223	$	2,283,922
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		10		30		56		—		31		127
Construction
Pass	$	54,184	$	389,785	$	686,499	$	290,139	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,600,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		2,888		—		—		—		—		2,888
Substandard	655		3,801		2,022		13,138		—		—		—		—		19,616
Total	$	54,839	$	393,586	$	688,521	$	306,165	$	50,200	$	51,900	$	78,285	$	—	$	1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,068	$	56,474	$	6,043	$	18,540	$	—	$	—	$	175,101
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		354		—		—		354
Substandard	—		—		137		—		112		—		—		—		249
Total	$	14,413	$	14,563	$	65,205	$	56,474	$	6,155	$	18,894	$	—	$	—	$	175,704
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		18		—		—		18
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	278,606	$	950,862	$	3,371,026	$	2,481,882	$	1,160,297	$	1,735,357	$	1,209,178	$	13,436	$	11,200,644
Special Mention	—		—		128,365		29,307		1,203		33,523		38,005		—		230,403
Substandard	655		6,395		36,511		17,866		40,541		131,308		53,401		1		286,678
Total	$	279,261	$	957,257	$	3,535,902	$	2,529,055	$	1,202,041	$	1,900,188	$	1,300,584	$	13,437	$	11,717,725
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10	$	30	$	74	$	—	$	31	$	145

March 31, 2024	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD 2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	121,983	$	787,975	$	2,384,151	$	2,193,608	$	860,379	$	2,246,059	$	—	$	—	$	8,594,155
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		264		6,010		—		—		6,274
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,012		—		—		3,828
90+ days past due	—		1,816		2,939		2,175		—		8,729		—		—		15,659
Total	$	121,983	$	789,791	$	2,387,933	$	2,196,756	$	860,643	$	2,262,810	$	—	$	—	$	8,619,916
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		131		—		—		131
Construction - custom
Current	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	69,481	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	222,530
30 days past due	—		—		760		—		—		—		—		—		760
90+ days past due	—		—		87		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	7,939	$	142,758	$	70,328	$	1,571	$	423	$	358	$	—	$	—	$	223,377
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,755	$	26,802	$	10,529	$	15,181	$	—	$	—	$	113,949
30 days past due	—		—		162		131		—		14		—		—		307
Total	$	7,310	$	17,372	$	36,917	$	26,933	$	10,529	$	15,195	$	—	$	—	$	114,256
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,025	$	240,569	$	702	$	246,296
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		100		383		—		483
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		42		—		86
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		440		—		440
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,169	$	241,434	$	702	$	247,305
Consumer
Current	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,732	$	34,445	$	—	$	73,822
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		24		28		—		52
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		70		49		—		119
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		136		128		—		264
Total	$	895	$	108	$	72	$	9,568	$	8,002	$	20,962	$	34,650	$	—	$	74,257
Gross Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		123		239		—		362
Total consumer loans
Current	$	138,127	$	948,213	$	2,490,459	$	2,231,549	$	879,333	$	2,287,355	$	275,014	$	702	$	9,250,752
30 days past due	—		—		922		131		264		6,148		411		—		7,876
60 days past due	—		—		843		973		—		2,126		91		—		4,033
90+ days past due	—		1,816		3,026		2,175		—		8,865		568		—		16,450
Total	$	138,127	$	950,029	$	2,495,250	$	2,234,828	$	879,597	$	2,304,494	$	276,084	$	702	$	9,279,111
Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	254	$	239	$	—	$	493

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	135,859	$	658,126	$	850,998	$	541,655	$	135,965	$	400,412	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,772,538
Special Mention	—		90,428		—		—		—		—		—		—		90,428
Substandard	—		5,711		2,309		2,422		7,583		5,603		—		—		23,628
Total	$	135,859	$	754,265	$	853,307	$	544,077	$	143,548	$	406,015	$	49,523	$	—	$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	221,057	$	912,776	$	735,069	$	476,941	$	262,945	$	596,459	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,207,596
Special Mention	—		—		788		—		4,059		—		—		—		4,847
Substandard	499		5,361		3,810		24,538		27,916		35,534		—		—		97,658
Total	$	221,556	$	918,137	$	739,667	$	501,479	$	294,920	$	631,993	$	2,349	$	—	$	3,310,101
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	155,411	$	258,798	$	316,713	$	117,089	$	24,246	$	175,042	$	1,089,896	$	27,681	$	2,164,876
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		2,940		—		3,707		—		6,647
Substandard	—		5,532		8,537		2,783		3,819		46,297		69,948		6,879		143,795
Total	$	155,411	$	264,330	$	325,250	$	119,872	$	31,005	$	221,339	$	1,163,551	$	34,560	$	2,315,318
Construction
Pass	$	235,150	$	833,577	$	559,850	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,818,266
Substandard	2,901		5,119		12,650		—		—		—		—		—		20,670
Total	$	238,051	$	838,696	$	572,500	$	68,105	$	46,390	$	373	$	74,821	$	—	$	1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	20,593	$	69,414	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,390
Substandard	—		271		—		—		—		—		—		—		271
Total	$	20,593	$	69,685	$	39,276	$	6,280	$	351	$	17,876	$	2,600	$	—	$	156,661
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	768,070	$	2,732,691	$	2,501,906	$	1,210,070	$	469,897	$	1,190,162	$	1,219,189	$	27,681	$	10,119,666
Special Mention	—		90,428		788		—		6,999		—		3,707		—		101,922
Substandard	3,400		21,994		27,306		29,743		39,318		87,434		69,948		6,879		286,022
Total	$	771,470	$	2,845,113	$	2,530,000	$	1,239,813	$	516,214	$	1,277,596	$	1,292,844	$	34,560	$	10,507,610

September 30, 2023	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	513,007	$	1,478,479	$	1,719,163	$	718,250	$	295,836	$	1,640,330	$	—	$	—	$	6,365,065
30 days past due	822		115		859		392		221		4,032		—		—		6,441
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,420		1,325		—		1,797		—		—		6,068
90+ days past due	—		1,470		666		1,408		—		7,872		—		—		11,416
Total	$	513,829	$	1,481,590	$	1,722,108	$	721,375	$	296,057	$	1,654,031	$	—	$	—	$	6,388,990
Construction - custom
Current	$	92,081	$	218,988	$	8,838	$	243	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	320,987
30 days past due	—		760		—		—		—		—		—		—		760
60 days past due	—		—		—		2,617		—		—		—		—		2,617
90+ days past due	—		87		—		—		—		—		—		—		87
Total	$	92,081	$	219,835	$	8,838	$	2,860	$	358	$	479	$	—	$	—	$	324,451
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,048	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,714	$	—	$	—	$	124,231
30 days past due	—		—		358		—		—		—		—		—		358
60 days past due	—		—		245		—		—		—		—		—		245
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		8		—		—		8
Total	$	19,128	$	41,658	$	35,651	$	11,517	$	4,166	$	12,722	$	—	$	—	$	124,842
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,733	$	230,338	$	1,637	$	235,708
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		44		1,006		—		1,050
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		314		—		—		314
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		682		—		682
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,091	$	232,026	$	1,637	$	237,754
Consumer
Current	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	16	$	23,201	$	27,945	$	—	$	69,699
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		225		3		—		228
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		106		1		—		107
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		29		46		—		1		76
Total	$	662	$	121	$	9,748	$	8,006	$	45	$	23,578	$	27,949	$	1	$	70,110
Total consumer loans
Current	$	624,878	$	1,739,246	$	1,772,797	$	738,016	$	300,376	$	1,680,457	$	258,283	$	1,637	$	7,115,690
30 days past due	822		875		1,217		392		221		4,301		1,009		—		8,837
60 days past due	—		1,526		1,665		3,942		—		2,217		1		—		9,351
90+ days past due	—		1,557		666		1,408		29		7,926		682		1		12,269
Total	$	625,700	$	1,743,204	$	1,776,345	$	743,758	$	300,626	$	1,694,901	$	259,975	$	1,638	$	7,146,147

The following tables provide the amortized cost of loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

March 31, 2024	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	3,944,926		$	112,984		$	31,809		$	—		$	—		$	4,089,719
Commercial real estate	3,386,918			42,394			115,572			—			—			3,544,884
Commercial & industrial	2,092,707			71,783			119,432			—			—			2,283,922
Construction	1,600,992			2,888			19,616			—			—			1,623,496
Land - acquisition & development	175,101			354			249			—			—			175,704
Total commercial loans	11,200,644			230,403			286,678			—			—			11,717,725
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,901			—			20,015			—			—			8,619,916
Construction - custom	223,290			—			87			—			—			223,377
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256			—			—			—			—			114,256
HELOC	246,814			—			491			—			—			247,305
Consumer	74,117			—			140			—			—			74,257
Total consumer loans	9,258,378			—			20,733			—			—			9,279,111
Total	$	20,459,022		$	230,403		$	307,411		$	—		$	—		$	20,996,836
Total grade as a % of total loans	97.44		%	1.10		%	1.47		%	—		%	—		%

September 30, 2023	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total Gross Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,772,538		$	90,428		$	23,628		$	—		$	—		$	2,886,594
Commercial real estate	3,207,596			4,847			97,658			—			—			3,310,101
Commercial & industrial	2,164,876			6,647			143,795			—			—			2,315,318
Construction	1,818,266			—			20,670			—			—			1,838,936
Land - acquisition & development	156,390			—			271			—			—			156,661
Total commercial loans	10,119,666			101,922			286,022			—			—			10,507,610
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,370,936			—			18,054			—			—			6,388,990
Construction - custom	324,363			—			88			—			—			324,451
Land - consumer lot loans	124,588			—			254			—			—			124,842
HELOC	237,018			—			736			—			—			237,754
Consumer	70,098			—			12			—			—			70,110
Total consumer loans	7,127,003			—			19,144			—			—			7,146,147
Total loans	$	17,246,669		$	101,922		$	305,166		$	—		$	—		$	17,653,757
Total grade as a % of total gross loans	97.69		%	0.58		%	1.73		%	—		%	—		%

The following tables provide information on the amortized cost of loans receivable based on borrower payment activity.

March 31, 2024	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	4,081,342	99.8	%	$	8,377	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,517,862		99.2		27,022		0.8
Commercial & industrial	2,279,486		99.8		4,436		0.2
Construction	1,623,496		100.0		—		0.0
Land - acquisition & development	175,592		99.9		112		0.1
Total commercial loans	11,677,778		99.7		39,947		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	8,599,900		99.8		20,016		0.2
Construction - custom	223,289		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	114,256		100.0		—		0.0
HELOC	246,814		99.8		491		0.2
Consumer	73,993		99.6		264		0.4
Total consumer loans	9,258,252		99.8		20,859		0.2
Total loans	$	20,936,030	99.7	%	$	60,806	0.3	%

September 30, 2023	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	2,881,467	99.8	%	$	5,127	0.2	%
Commercial real estate	3,286,666		99.3		23,435		0.7
Commercial & industrial	2,309,236		99.7		6,082		0.3
Construction	1,838,936		100.0		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	156,661		100.0		—		—
Total commercial loans	10,472,966		99.7		34,644		0.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	6,374,072		99.8		14,918		0.2
Construction - custom	324,363		100.0		88		—
Land - consumer lot loans	124,833		100.0		9		—
HELOC	237,018		99.7		736		0.3
Consumer	70,083		100.0		27		0.0
Total consumer loans	7,130,369		99.8		15,778		0.2
Total loans	$	17,603,335	99.7	%	$	50,422	0.3	%

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables present the balance and level in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (with the exception of those measured using the NAV practical expedient).

	March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	312,199	$	—	$	312,199
Asset-backed securities	—		549,463		—		549,463
Municipal bonds	—		35,061		—		35,061
Corporate debt securities	—		249,743		—		249,743
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		1,291,648		—		1,291,648
Total available-for-sale securities	—		2,438,114		—		2,438,114
Loans held for sale	—		2,993,658		—		2,993,658
Derivatives:
Client swap program hedges	—		63,264		—		63,264
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		2,509		—		2,509
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		56,093		—		56,093
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		154,588		—		154,588
Total financial assets	$	—	$	5,708,226	$	—	$	5,708,226
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	64,020	$	—	$	64,020

	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	217,053	$	—	$	217,053
Asset-backed securities	—		588,016				588,016
Municipal bonds	—		34,662		—		34,662
Corporate debt securities	—		242,522		—		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		912,844		—		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities	—		1,995,097		—		1,995,097
Client swap program hedges	—		78,797		—		78,797
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		3,405		—		3,405
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		46,396		—		46,396
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		184,373		—		184,373
Total financial assets	$	—	$	2,308,068	$	—	$	2,308,068
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	79,668	$	—	$	79,668

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis

The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.

 

	March 31, 2024								Three Months Ended March 31, 2024		Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	781	$	781	$	(168)	$	(325)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		1,360		1,360		(1,875)		(1,875)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	2,141	$	2,141	$	(2,043)	$	(2,200)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

	March 31, 2023								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	3,313	$	3,313	$	(6,120)	$	(6,243)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		372		372		22		22
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	3,685	$	3,685	$	(6,098)	$	(6,221)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Balance Sheet Grouping

Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below.

		March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
		($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	1,505,771	$	1,505,771	$	980,649	$	980,649
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities	2	312,199		312,199		217,053		217,053
Asset-backed securities	2	549,463		549,463		588,016		588,016
Municipal bonds	2	35,061		35,061		34,662		34,662
Corporate debt securities	2	249,743		249,743		242,522		242,522
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	1,291,648		1,291,648		912,844		912,844
Total available-for-sale securities		2,438,114		2,438,114		1,995,097		1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Total held-to-maturity securities		457,882		407,461		423,586		355,188
Loans receivable	3	20,795,259		20,245,348		17,476,550		16,559,758
Loans held for sale	2	2,993,658		2,993,658		—		—
FHLB stock	2	160,817		160,817		126,820		126,820
Other assets - client swap program hedges	2	63,264		63,264		78,797		78,797
Other assets - commercial fair value loan hedges	2	2,509		2,509		3,405		3,405
Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges	2	56,093		56,093		46,396		46,396
Other assets - borrowings cash flow hedges	2	154,588		154,588		184,373		184,373
Financial liabilities
Time deposits	2	9,000,911		9,037,254		5,305,016		5,232,689
Borrowings	2	5,345,518		5,320,188		3,650,000		3,653,229
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	3	50,254		50,320		—		—
Senior Debt	2	93,729		93,373		—		—
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	2	64,020		64,020		79,668		79,668

Schedule of Reconciliation of Amortized Cost to Fair Value of Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities

The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

	March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	8,692	$	5	$	(7)	$	8,690	5.83	%
1 to 5 years	5,699		4		(264)		5,439		2.89
5 to 10 years	162,027		524		(90)		162,461		6.01
Over 10 years	135,961		37		(389)		135,609		6.32
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	13,249		—		(397)		12,852		6.08
5 to 10 years	24,380		65		—		24,445		6.23
Over 10 years	513,964		1,251		(3,049)		512,166		6.30
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year	8,100		—		(1)		8,099		3.35
1 to 5 years	144,034		1,140		(845)		144,329		5.20
5 to 10 years	112,625		—		(15,310)		97,315		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,705		—		(265)		5,440		3.00
Over 10 years	29,812		3		(194)		29,621		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,358,888		1,232		(68,472)		1,291,648		3.85
	2,523,136		4,261		(89,283)		2,438,114		4.76
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	457,882		23		(50,444)		407,461		3.17
	$	2,981,018	$	4,284	$	(139,727)	$	2,845,575	4.47	%

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized					Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year	$	3,501	$	—		$	(36)	$	3,465	6.06	%
1 to 5 years	18,894		—			(563)		18,331		4.70
5 to 10 years	87,922		177			—		88,099		5.76
Over 10 years	106,340		831			(13)		107,158		5.84
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years	18,579		—			(715)		17,864		6.06
5 to 10 years	36,875		2			(99)		36,778		6.11
Over 10 years	539,911		578			(7,115)		533,374		6.35
Corporate debt securities due
1 to 5 years	151,893		895			(1,787)		151,001		5.14
5 to 10 years	113,221		—			(21,700)		91,521		3.87
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years	5,720		—			(701)		5,019		3.00
Over 10 years	29,832		361			(550)		29,643		5.85
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,005,928		66			(93,150)		912,844		3.39
	2,118,616		2,910			(126,429)		1,995,097		4.64
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	423,586		—			(68,398)		355,188		2.88
	$	2,542,202	$	2,910		$	(194,827)	$	2,350,285	4.35	%

Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 253 and 231 securities with an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

 

March 31, 2024	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	(214)	$	19,779	$	(15,942)	$	154,496	$	(16,156)	$	174,275
Municipal bonds	—		—		(458)		15,059		(458)		15,059
Asset-backed securities	(485)		110,515		(3,712)		247,943		(4,197)		358,458
Mortgage-backed securities	(734)		208,696		(67,738)		719,962		(68,472)		928,658
	(1,433)		338,990		(87,850)		1,137,460		(89,283)		1,476,450
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(2)		263		(50,442)		354,819		(50,444)		355,082
	$	(1,435)	$	339,253	$	(138,292)	$	1,492,279	$	(139,727)	$	1,831,532

September 30, 2023	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	—	$	(23,487)	$	167,452	$	(23,487)	$	167,452
Municipal bonds due	—		—		(1,250)		14,302		(1,250)		14,302
U.S. government and agency securities	(13)		14,917		(599)		21,795		(612)		36,712
Asset-backed securities	(2,142)		86,800		(5,788)		445,454		(7,930)		532,254
Mortgage-backed securities	(2,030)		142,235		(91,120)		744,010		(93,150)		886,245
	(4,185)		243,952		(122,244)		1,393,013		(126,429)		1,636,965
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(15)		1,424		(68,383)		353,764		(68,398)		355,188
	$	(4,200)	$	245,376	$	(190,627)	$	1,746,777	$	(194,827)	$	1,992,153

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Notional Amount and Balance Sheet Classification

The following tables present the fair value, notional amount and balance sheet classification of derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

March 31, 2024	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	938,116	$	63,264	Other liabilities	$	938,116	$	64,020
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	37,042		2,509		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	3,070,000		56,093		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		154,588		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	5,045,158	$	276,454		$	938,116	$	64,020

September 30, 2023	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	806,744	$	78,797	Other liabilities	$	806,744	$	79,668
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	39,661		3,405		Other liabilities	—		—
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	670,000		46,396		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	1,000,000		184,373		Other liabilities	—		—
		$	2,516,405	$	312,971		$	806,744	$	79,668

Schedule of Fair Value Hedge Accounting on Carrying Value of Hedged Items

The following tables present the impact of fair value hedge accounting on the carrying value of the hedged items at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)
	$	8,040,874	$	(39,639)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are a portfolio layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $8,006,330,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(37,192,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $3,070,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $34,544,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(2,447,000).

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)
	$	1,816,870	$	(48,865)

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $1,780,503,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(45,622,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $670,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $36,367,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(3,243,000).

Schedule of Impact of Derivative Instruments

The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments (cash flow hedges on borrowings) on AOCI for the periods presented.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	10,742	$	(21,972)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	10,742	$	(21,972)

(In thousands)	Six Months Ended March 31,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(29,785)	$	(28,778)

The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments (client swap program) that are not designated in accounting hedges under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	11,014	$	(11,143)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	(11,008)		11,169
		$	6	$	26

(In thousands)		Six Months Ended March 31,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	(17,695)	$	(15,021)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	17,809		15,047
		$	114	$	26

Schedule of Derivatives Instruments Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location

The following tables present the gain (loss) on derivative instruments in fair value and cash flow accounting hedging relationships under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024				Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	274,341	$	(44,065)	$	222,957	$	(28,185)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	8,517			$	4,237
Recognized on derivatives	15,515				(6,608)
Recognized on hedged items	(16,385)				6,696
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	7,647			$	4,325
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	11,714			$	9,457
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	11,714			$	9,457

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024				Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	520,133	$	(82,003)	$	426,903	$	(47,159)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	14,010			$	7,404
Recognized on derivatives	(9,981)				(9,457)
Recognized on hedged items	9,225				9,828
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	13,254			$	7,775
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	23,561			$	16,731
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	23,561			$	16,731

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Feb. 08, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) branch	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) portfolioSegment classOfPortfolioSegment branch	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of bank branches | branch			210		210
Dividend rate		4.875%
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net		$ 293,325,000
Cash collateral			$ 282,700,000		$ 282,700,000			$ 326,750,000
Fair value of NAV			36,703,000		36,703,000
Remaining unfunded commitment			3,280,000		$ 3,280,000
Number of portfolio segments for loans held for investment | portfolioSegment					2
Number of classes disaggregating the commercial loan portfolio | classOfPortfolioSegment					5
Number of classes disaggregating the consumer loan portfolio | classOfPortfolioSegment					5
Loans in process			1,303,978,000		$ 1,303,978,000			1,895,940,000
Goodwill			411,401,000		411,401,000		$ 305,125,000	304,750,000
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment			0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Luther Burbank
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 105,836,000
Intangible assets	$ 37,022,000
Acquired intangible assets, useful life	6 years
Financing Receivable
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Loans in process			$ 3,859,416,000		$ 3,859,416,000			$ 3,625,333,000
Public Offering
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of depositary shares | shares		12,000,000
Percentage of preferred stock		2.50%
Public offering price (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 25.00
Series A Preferred Stock | Public Offering
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of depositary shares | shares		300,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning of period	$ 305,125	$ 304,750
Additions	106,276	375
Goodwill, end of period	411,401	305,125
Core Deposit and Other Intangibles
Intangible assets, beginning of period	5,978	5,869
Additions	37,462	375
Amortization	(1,302)	(266)
Intangible assets, end of period	42,138	5,978
Total
Goodwill and intangible assets, beginning of period	311,103	310,619
Additions	143,738	750
Amortization	(1,302)	(266)
Goodwill and intangible assets, end of period	$ 453,539	$ 311,103

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 6,155
2025	9,768
2026	7,217
2027	5,473
2028	5,111
Thereafter	8,414
Total Intangibles Assets	$ 42,138	$ 5,978	$ 5,869

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Business Combination - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 01, 2024 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares	64,000,000	81,405,391		64,736,916
Goodwill		$ 411,401	$ 305,125	$ 304,750
Luther Burbank
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Conversion ratio	0.3353
Number of WaFd shares issued to LBC shareholders | shares	17,089,000
Goodwill	$ 105,836
Loans held for investment acquired	3,200,000
Luther Burbank | PCD
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loans held for investment acquired	$ 293,204

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Business Combination - Schedule of Purchase Price Consideration (Details) - Luther Burbank $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Mar. 01, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of WaFd shares issued to LBC shareholders | shares	17,089
WaFd market price per share on February 29, 2024 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 27.24
Purchase price of shares issued to LBC shareholders	$ 465,501
Cash in lieu of fractional shares	3
Purchase price consideration	$ 465,504

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Business Combination - Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Goodwill	$ 411,401		$ 305,125	$ 304,750
Luther Burbank
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total merger consideration		$ 465,504
Fair value of assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents		627,403
Investment securities		518,878
Loans receivable		3,205,350
Loans held for sale		2,993,223
Interest receivable		25,697
Premises and equipment		6,436
FHLB stock		35,831
Bank owned life insurance		17,781
Intangible assets		37,022
Deferred tax asset, net		132,837
Other assets		75,885
Total assets acquired		7,676,343
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Customer accounts		5,640,440
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		100,408
Total liabilities assumed		7,316,675
Net Assets Acquired		359,668
Goodwill		105,836
Luther Burbank | Borrowings
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Debt		1,432,138
Luther Burbank | Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Debt		50,175
Luther Burbank | Senior Debt
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Debt		$ 93,514

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Business Combination - Summary of PCD Loans at Acquisition (Details) - Luther Burbank $ in Thousands	Mar. 01, 2024 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Principal of PCD loans acquired	$ 3,200,000
PCD
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Principal of PCD loans acquired	293,204
PCD ACL at acquisition	(7,403)
Non-credit discount on PCD loans	(45,869)
Fair value of PCD loans	$ 239,932

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Business Combination - Summary of Merger-Related Expenses (Details) - Luther Burbank - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger-related expenses	$ 25,119	$ 25,636
Severance and employee-related
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger-related expenses	20,266	20,266
Legal and Professional
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger-related expenses	3,793	3,982
Charitable contributions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger-related expenses	1,000	1,000
System conversion and integration
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger-related expenses	$ 60	$ 388

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Business Combination - Schedule of Pro Forma Information (Details) - Luther Burbank - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net-interest income	$ 351,263	$ 447,902
Non-interest income	30,238	26,302
Net income	120,116	$ 145,277
Merger related costs
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net income	$ 40,000

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Dividends and Share Repurchases (Details) - $ / shares				3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 15, 2024	Mar. 08, 2024	Jan. 15, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividends per share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.26		$ 0.26	$ 0.25	$ 0.51	$ 0.49
Stock repurchased (in shares)				7,837
Average cost per share (in dollars per share)				$ 30.38
Remaining shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)				1,853,453		1,853,453
Preferred stock dividends declared (in dollars per share)			$ 12.1875
Depository dividends declared (in dollars per share)			$ 0.30468750
Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 12.1875
Depository dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30468750

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Loans Receivable - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) portfolioSegment	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of portfolio segments for loans held for investment | portfolioSegment		2
Loans held for sale	$ 2,993,658,000	$ 2,993,658,000	$ 0
Accrued interest receivables for loans	103,137,000	103,137,000	77,349,000
Loans pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank	$ 9,131,125,000	9,131,125,000	8,941,201,000
Number of pledge agreements | agreement	2
Gross loans	$ 22,598,153,000	22,598,153,000	19,648,504,000
Nonaccrual interest income recognized		435,000
Impaired, interest income on accrual accrual and performed loans		1,347,000
Loan modified, subsequent default		0
FRB Advances
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Short-term debt	0	0
FRB Advances | Asset Pledged as Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	3,681,859,000	3,681,859,000
FHLB of San Francisco | FHLB Advances | Asset Pledged as Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	1,757,206,000	1,757,206,000
Commercial loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	12,882,231,000	12,882,231,000	12,094,294,000
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	2,290,452,000	2,290,452,000	$ 2,321,717,000
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | 31 days past due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loan modified, accumulated amortized cost	$ 0	$ 0

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Loans Receivable - Schedule of Loans Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 22,598,153		$ 19,648,504
Ratio of loan type to all loans	100.00%		100.00%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 201,577	$ 179,320	$ 177,207	$ 177,420	$ 176,797	$ 172,808
Loans in process	1,303,978		1,895,940
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	297,339		98,807
Total loan contra accounts	1,802,894		2,171,954
Net loans	20,795,259		17,476,550
Commercial loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 12,882,231		$ 12,094,294
Ratio of loan type to all loans	57.00%		61.60%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 149,413	139,155	$ 137,194	137,665	138,282	133,476
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 4,173,375		$ 2,907,086
Ratio of loan type to all loans	18.50%		14.80%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 21,979	13,791	$ 13,155	13,038	12,324	12,013
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 3,570,790		$ 3,344,959
Ratio of loan type to all loans	15.80%		17.00%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 32,991	29,007	$ 28,842	27,803	27,380	25,814
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 2,290,452		$ 2,321,717
Ratio of loan type to all loans	10.10%		11.80%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 59,261	60,836	$ 58,773	63,301	63,873	57,210
Commercial loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 2,631,783		$ 3,318,994
Ratio of loan type to all loans	11.60%		16.90%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 27,317	28,863	$ 29,408	26,027	26,133	26,161
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 215,831		$ 201,538
Ratio of loan type to all loans	1.00%		1.00%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 7,865	6,658	$ 7,016	7,496	8,572	12,278
Consumer loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 9,715,922		$ 7,554,210
Ratio of loan type to all loans	43.00%		38.40%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 52,164	40,165	$ 40,013	39,755	38,515	39,332
Consumer loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 466,740		$ 672,643
Ratio of loan type to all loans	2.10%		3.40%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 1,918	2,262	$ 2,781	3,456	3,500	3,410
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 8,816,039		$ 6,451,270
Ratio of loan type to all loans	39.00%		32.80%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 41,054	28,556	$ 28,029	26,916	25,475	25,518
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 115,022		$ 125,723
Ratio of loan type to all loans	0.50%		0.60%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 3,214	3,345	$ 3,512	3,945	4,142	5,047
Consumer loans | HELOC
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 243,852		$ 234,410
Ratio of loan type to all loans	1.10%		1.20%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 2,974	2,973	$ 2,859	2,662	2,588	2,482
Consumer loans | Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 74,269		$ 70,164
Ratio of loan type to all loans	0.30%		0.40%
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$ 3,004	$ 3,029	$ 2,832	$ 2,776	$ 2,810	$ 2,875

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Loans Receivable - Non-accrual Loans and Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual percent of total loans	0.29%	0.29%
Financial Asset Originated
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	$ 60,806	$ 50,422
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	39,947	34,644
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans | Multi-family
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	8,377	5,127
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	27,022	23,435
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	4,436	6,082
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	0	0
Non-accrual with no ACL		0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	112	0
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	20,859	15,778
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	88	88
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	20,016	14,918
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	0	9
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans | HELOC
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	491	736
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	0	0
Financial Asset Originated | Consumer loans | Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	264	27
Non-accrual with no ACL	0	0
90 days or more past due and accruing	$ 0	$ 0

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Loans Receivable - Loan Delinquencies by Loan Portfolio and Class (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 20,996,836	$ 17,653,757
% based on $, past due	0.36%	0.36%
Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 20,920,788	$ 17,590,442
% based on $, current	99.64%	99.64%
Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 76,048	$ 63,315
% based on $, past due	0.36%	0.36%
30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 23,645	$ 9,715
% based on $, past due	0.11%	0.06%
60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 4,033	$ 11,682
% based on $, past due	0.01%	0.07%
90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 48,370	$ 41,918
% based on $, past due	0.23%	0.24%
Commercial loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 11,717,725	$ 10,507,610
% based on $, past due	0.41%	0.31%
Commercial loans | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 11,670,036	$ 10,474,752
Commercial loans | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	47,689	32,858
Commercial loans | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	15,769	878
Commercial loans | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	2,331
Commercial loans | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	31,920	29,649
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 4,089,719	$ 2,886,594
% based on $, past due	0.43%	0.00%
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 4,072,075	$ 2,886,462
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	17,644	132
Commercial loans | Multi-family | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	14,869	0
Commercial loans | Multi-family | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Commercial loans | Multi-family | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	2,775	132
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 3,544,884	$ 3,310,101
% based on $, past due	0.69%	0.74%
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 3,520,286	$ 3,285,673
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	24,598	24,428
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	848
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	145
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	24,598	23,435
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 2,283,922	$ 2,315,318
% based on $, past due	0.20%	0.36%
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 2,279,347	$ 2,307,020
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	4,575	8,298
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	140	30
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	2,186
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	4,435	6,082
Commercial loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 1,623,496	$ 1,838,936
% based on $, past due	0.05%	0.00%
Commercial loans | Construction | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 1,622,736	$ 1,838,936
Commercial loans | Construction | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	760	0
Commercial loans | Construction | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	760	0
Commercial loans | Construction | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Commercial loans | Construction | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 175,704	$ 156,661
% based on $, past due	0.06%	0.00%
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 175,592	$ 156,661
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	112	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	112	0
Consumer loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 9,279,111	$ 7,146,147
% based on $, past due	0.31%	0.43%
Consumer loans | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 9,250,752	$ 7,115,690
Consumer loans | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	28,359	30,457
Consumer loans | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	7,876	8,837
Consumer loans | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	4,033	9,351
Consumer loans | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	16,450	12,269
Consumer loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 223,377	$ 324,451
% based on $, past due	0.38%	1.07%
Consumer loans | Construction | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 222,530	$ 320,987
Consumer loans | Construction | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	847	3,464
Consumer loans | Construction | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	760	760
Consumer loans | Construction | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	2,617
Consumer loans | Construction | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	87	87
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 8,619,916	$ 6,388,990
% based on $, past due	0.30%	0.37%
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 8,594,155	$ 6,365,065
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	25,761	23,925
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	6,274	6,441
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,828	6,068
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	15,659	11,416
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 114,256	$ 124,842
% based on $, past due	0.27%	0.49%
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 113,949	$ 124,231
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	307	611
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	307	358
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	245
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	0	8
Consumer loans | HELOC
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 247,305	$ 237,754
% based on $, past due	0.41%	0.86%
Consumer loans | HELOC | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 246,296	$ 235,708
Consumer loans | HELOC | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,009	2,046
Consumer loans | HELOC | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	483	1,050
Consumer loans | HELOC | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	86	314
Consumer loans | HELOC | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	440	682
Consumer loans | Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 74,257	$ 70,110
% based on $, past due	0.59%	0.59%
Consumer loans | Consumer | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 73,822	$ 69,699
Consumer loans | Consumer | Total Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	435	411
Consumer loans | Consumer | 30 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	52	228
Consumer loans | Consumer | 60 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	119	107
Consumer loans | Consumer | 90 Days Delinquent
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	$ 264	$ 76

XML

Loans Receivable - Schedule of Loan Modifications (Details) - Term Extension - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans modified in period, amount	$ 55,821	$ 63,961
% of Total Loan Class Balance	0.27%	0.30%
Commercial loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans modified in period, amount	$ 55,821	$ 63,961
% of Total Loan Class Balance	0.48%	0.55%
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans modified in period, amount		$ 93
% of Total Loan Class Balance		0.00%
Wtd. Avg. Term Extension		20 months
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans modified in period, amount	$ 42,683	$ 50,730
% of Total Loan Class Balance	1.87%	2.22%
Wtd. Avg. Term Extension	3 months	3 months
Commercial loans | Construction
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans modified in period, amount	$ 13,138	$ 13,138
% of Total Loan Class Balance	0.81%	0.81%
Wtd. Avg. Term Extension	15 months	15 months

XML

Loans Receivable - Loans Based on Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	$ 345	$ 6,126	$ 638	$ 6,354
Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	279,261		279,261		$ 771,470
2023	957,257		957,257		2,845,113
2022	3,535,902		3,535,902		2,530,000
2021	2,529,055		2,529,055		1,239,813
2020	1,202,041		1,202,041		516,214
Prior to 2020	1,900,188		1,900,188		1,277,596
Revolving Loans	1,300,584		1,300,584		1,292,844
Revolving to Term Loans	13,437		13,437		34,560
Total Loans	11,717,725		11,717,725		10,507,610
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			10
2020			30
Prior to 2020			74
Revolving Loans			0
Revolving to Term Loans			31
Total Loans	65	6,054	145	6,136
Commercial loans | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	278,606		278,606		768,070
2023	950,862		950,862		2,732,691
2022	3,371,026		3,371,026		2,501,906
2021	2,481,882		2,481,882		1,210,070
2020	1,160,297		1,160,297		469,897
Prior to 2020	1,735,357		1,735,357		1,190,162
Revolving Loans	1,209,178		1,209,178		1,219,189
Revolving to Term Loans	13,436		13,436		27,681
Total Loans	11,200,644		11,200,644		10,119,666
Commercial loans | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		90,428
2022	128,365		128,365		788
2021	29,307		29,307		0
2020	1,203		1,203		6,999
Prior to 2020	33,523		33,523		0
Revolving Loans	38,005		38,005		3,707
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	230,403		230,403		101,922
Commercial loans | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	655		655		3,400
2023	6,395		6,395		21,994
2022	36,511		36,511		27,306
2021	17,866		17,866		29,743
2020	40,541		40,541		39,318
Prior to 2020	131,308		131,308		87,434
Revolving Loans	53,401		53,401		69,948
Revolving to Term Loans	1		1		6,879
Total Loans	286,678		286,678		286,022
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	67,578		67,578		135,859
2023	172,683		172,683		754,265
2022	1,452,561		1,452,561		853,307
2021	1,110,762		1,110,762		544,077
2020	556,389		556,389		143,548
Prior to 2020	680,979		680,979		406,015
Revolving Loans	35,553		35,553		49,523
Revolving to Term Loans	13,214		13,214		0
Total Loans	4,089,719		4,089,719		2,886,594
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	67,578		67,578		135,859
2023	172,683		172,683		658,126
2022	1,354,276		1,354,276		850,998
2021	1,105,788		1,105,788		541,655
2020	547,312		547,312		135,965
Prior to 2020	648,522		648,522		400,412
Revolving Loans	35,553		35,553		49,523
Revolving to Term Loans	13,214		13,214		0
Total Loans	3,944,926		3,944,926		2,772,538
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		90,428
2022	92,620		92,620		0
2021	2,678		2,678		0
2020	1,203		1,203		0
Prior to 2020	16,483		16,483		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	112,984		112,984		90,428
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		5,711
2022	5,665		5,665		2,309
2021	2,296		2,296		2,422
2020	7,874		7,874		7,583
Prior to 2020	15,974		15,974		5,603
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	31,809		31,809		23,628
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	125,124		125,124		221,556
2023	215,201		215,201		918,137
2022	1,046,507		1,046,507		739,667
2021	756,473		756,473		501,479
2020	478,079		478,079		294,920
Prior to 2020	921,214		921,214		631,993
Revolving Loans	2,286		2,286		2,349
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	3,544,884		3,544,884		3,310,101
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	125,124		125,124		221,057
2023	214,702		214,702		912,776
2022	1,026,962		1,026,962		735,069
2021	731,080		731,080		476,941
2020	448,225		448,225		262,945
Prior to 2020	838,539		838,539		596,459
Revolving Loans	2,286		2,286		2,349
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	3,386,918		3,386,918		3,207,596
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	2,884		2,884		788
2021	23,133		23,133		0
2020	0		0		4,059
Prior to 2020	16,377		16,377		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	42,394		42,394		4,847
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		499
2023	499		499		5,361
2022	16,661		16,661		3,810
2021	2,260		2,260		24,538
2020	29,854		29,854		27,916
Prior to 2020	66,298		66,298		35,534
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	115,572		115,572		97,658
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	17,307		17,307		155,411
2023	161,224		161,224		264,330
2022	283,108		283,108		325,250
2021	299,181		299,181		119,872
2020	111,218		111,218		31,005
Prior to 2020	227,201		227,201		221,339
Revolving Loans	1,184,460		1,184,460		1,163,551
Revolving to Term Loans	223		223		34,560
Total Loans	2,283,922		2,283,922		2,315,318
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			10
2020			30
Prior to 2020			56
Revolving Loans			0
Revolving to Term Loans			31
Total Loans	65	6,054	127	6,136
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	17,307		17,307		155,411
2023	159,129		159,129		258,798
2022	238,221		238,221		316,713
2021	298,401		298,401		117,089
2020	108,517		108,517		24,246
Prior to 2020	177,856		177,856		175,042
Revolving Loans	1,093,054		1,093,054		1,089,896
Revolving to Term Loans	222		222		27,681
Total Loans	2,092,707		2,092,707		2,164,876
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	32,861		32,861		0
2021	608		608		0
2020	0		0		2,940
Prior to 2020	309		309		0
Revolving Loans	38,005		38,005		3,707
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	71,783		71,783		6,647
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	2,095		2,095		5,532
2022	12,026		12,026		8,537
2021	172		172		2,783
2020	2,701		2,701		3,819
Prior to 2020	49,036		49,036		46,297
Revolving Loans	53,401		53,401		69,948
Revolving to Term Loans	1		1		6,879
Total Loans	119,432		119,432		143,795
Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	54,839		54,839		238,051
2023	393,586		393,586		838,696
2022	688,521		688,521		572,500
2021	306,165		306,165		68,105
2020	50,200		50,200		46,390
Prior to 2020	51,900		51,900		373
Revolving Loans	78,285		78,285		74,821
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	1,623,496		1,623,496		1,838,936
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Commercial loans | Construction | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	54,184		54,184		235,150
2023	389,785		389,785		833,577
2022	686,499		686,499		559,850
2021	290,139		290,139		68,105
2020	50,200		50,200		46,390
Prior to 2020	51,900		51,900		373
Revolving Loans	78,285		78,285		74,821
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	1,600,992		1,600,992		1,818,266
Commercial loans | Construction | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	2,888		2,888
2020	0		0
Prior to 2020	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0
Total Loans	2,888		2,888
Commercial loans | Construction | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	655		655		2,901
2023	3,801		3,801		5,119
2022	2,022		2,022		12,650
2021	13,138		13,138		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	0		0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	19,616		19,616		20,670
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	14,413		14,413		20,593
2023	14,563		14,563		69,685
2022	65,205		65,205		39,276
2021	56,474		56,474		6,280
2020	6,155		6,155		351
Prior to 2020	18,894		18,894		17,876
Revolving Loans	0		0		2,600
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	175,704		175,704		156,661
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
Prior to 2020			18
Revolving Loans			0
Revolving to Term Loans			0
Total Loans	0	0	18	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	14,413		14,413		20,593
2023	14,563		14,563		69,414
2022	65,068		65,068		39,276
2021	56,474		56,474		6,280
2020	6,043		6,043		351
Prior to 2020	18,540		18,540		17,876
Revolving Loans	0		0		2,600
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	175,101		175,101		156,390
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior to 2020	354		354
Revolving Loans	0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0
Total Loans	354		354
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		271
2022	137		137		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	112		112		0
Prior to 2020	0		0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	249		249		271
Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	138,127		138,127		625,700
2023	950,029		950,029		1,743,204
2022	2,495,250		2,495,250		1,776,345
2021	2,234,828		2,234,828		743,758
2020	879,597		879,597		300,626
Prior to 2020	2,304,494		2,304,494		1,694,901
Revolving Loans	276,084		276,084		259,975
Revolving to Term Loans	702		702		1,638
Total Loans	9,279,111		9,279,111		7,146,147
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
Prior to 2020			254
Revolving Loans			239
Revolving to Term Loans			0
Total Loans	280	72	493	218
Consumer loans | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	138,127		138,127		624,878
2023	948,213		948,213		1,739,246
2022	2,490,459		2,490,459		1,772,797
2021	2,231,549		2,231,549		738,016
2020	879,333		879,333		300,376
Prior to 2020	2,287,355		2,287,355		1,680,457
Revolving Loans	275,014		275,014		258,283
Revolving to Term Loans	702		702		1,637
Total Loans	9,250,752		9,250,752		7,115,690
Consumer loans | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		822
2023	0		0		875
2022	922		922		1,217
2021	131		131		392
2020	264		264		221
Prior to 2020	6,148		6,148		4,301
Revolving Loans	411		411		1,009
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	7,876		7,876		8,837
Consumer loans | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		1,526
2022	843		843		1,665
2021	973		973		3,942
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	2,126		2,126		2,217
Revolving Loans	91		91		1
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	4,033		4,033		9,351
Consumer loans | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	1,816		1,816		1,557
2022	3,026		3,026		666
2021	2,175		2,175		1,408
2020	0		0		29
Prior to 2020	8,865		8,865		7,926
Revolving Loans	568		568		682
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		1
Total Loans	16,450		16,450		12,269
Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	7,939		7,939		92,081
2023	142,758		142,758		219,835
2022	70,328		70,328		8,838
2021	1,571		1,571		2,860
2020	423		423		358
Prior to 2020	358		358		479
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	223,377		223,377		324,451
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Consumer loans | Construction | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	7,939		7,939		92,081
2023	142,758		142,758		218,988
2022	69,481		69,481		8,838
2021	1,571		1,571		243
2020	423		423		358
Prior to 2020	358		358		479
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	222,530		222,530		320,987
Consumer loans | Construction | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		760
2022	760		760		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	0		0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	760		760		760
Consumer loans | Construction | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024					0
2023					0
2022					0
2021					2,617
2020					0
Prior to 2020					0
Revolving Loans					0
Revolving to Term Loans					0
Total Loans					2,617
Consumer loans | Construction | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		87
2022	87		87		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	0		0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	87		87		87
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	121,983		121,983		513,829
2023	789,791		789,791		1,481,590
2022	2,387,933		2,387,933		1,722,108
2021	2,196,756		2,196,756		721,375
2020	860,643		860,643		296,057
Prior to 2020	2,262,810		2,262,810		1,654,031
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	8,619,916		8,619,916		6,388,990
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
Prior to 2020			131
Revolving Loans			0
Revolving to Term Loans			0
Total Loans	131	34	131	34
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	121,983		121,983		513,007
2023	787,975		787,975		1,478,479
2022	2,384,151		2,384,151		1,719,163
2021	2,193,608		2,193,608		718,250
2020	860,379		860,379		295,836
Prior to 2020	2,246,059		2,246,059		1,640,330
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	8,594,155		8,594,155		6,365,065
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		822
2023	0		0		115
2022	0		0		859
2021	0		0		392
2020	264		264		221
Prior to 2020	6,010		6,010		4,032
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	6,274		6,274		6,441
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		1,526
2022	843		843		1,420
2021	973		973		1,325
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	2,012		2,012		1,797
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	3,828		3,828		6,068
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	1,816		1,816		1,470
2022	2,939		2,939		666
2021	2,175		2,175		1,408
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	8,729		8,729		7,872
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	15,659		15,659		11,416
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	7,310		7,310		19,128
2023	17,372		17,372		41,658
2022	36,917		36,917		35,651
2021	26,933		26,933		11,517
2020	10,529		10,529		4,166
Prior to 2020	15,195		15,195		12,722
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	114,256		114,256		124,842
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	7,310		7,310		19,128
2023	17,372		17,372		41,658
2022	36,755		36,755		35,048
2021	26,802		26,802		11,517
2020	10,529		10,529		4,166
Prior to 2020	15,181		15,181		12,714
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	113,949		113,949		124,231
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	162		162		358
2021	131		131		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	14		14		0
Revolving Loans	0		0		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	307		307		358
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024					0
2023					0
2022					245
2021					0
2020					0
Prior to 2020					0
Revolving Loans					0
Revolving to Term Loans					0
Total Loans					245
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024					0
2023					0
2022					0
2021					0
2020					0
Prior to 2020					8
Revolving Loans					0
Revolving to Term Loans					0
Total Loans					8
Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	5,169		5,169		4,091
Revolving Loans	241,434		241,434		232,026
Revolving to Term Loans	702		702		1,637
Total Loans	247,305		247,305		237,754
Gross Charge-offs
Total Loans	0	0	0	0
Consumer loans | HELOC | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	5,025		5,025		3,733
Revolving Loans	240,569		240,569		230,338
Revolving to Term Loans	702		702		1,637
Total Loans	246,296		246,296		235,708
Consumer loans | HELOC | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	100		100		44
Revolving Loans	383		383		1,006
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	483		483		1,050
Consumer loans | HELOC | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	44		44		314
Revolving Loans	42		42		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	86		86		314
Consumer loans | HELOC | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	0		0		0
Revolving Loans	440		440		682
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	440		440		682
Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	895		895		662
2023	108		108		121
2022	72		72		9,748
2021	9,568		9,568		8,006
2020	8,002		8,002		45
Prior to 2020	20,962		20,962		23,578
Revolving Loans	34,650		34,650		27,949
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		1
Total Loans	74,257		74,257		70,110
Gross Charge-offs
YTD 2024			0
2023			0
2022			0
2021			0
2020			0
Prior to 2020			123
Revolving Loans			239
Revolving to Term Loans			0
Total Loans	149	$ 38	362	$ 184
Consumer loans | Consumer | Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	895		895		662
2023	108		108		121
2022	72		72		9,748
2021	9,568		9,568		8,006
2020	8,002		8,002		16
Prior to 2020	20,732		20,732		23,201
Revolving Loans	34,445		34,445		27,945
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	73,822		73,822		69,699
Consumer loans | Consumer | 30 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	24		24		225
Revolving Loans	28		28		3
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	52		52		228
Consumer loans | Consumer | 60 Days Delinquent
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior to 2020	70		70		106
Revolving Loans	49		49		1
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		0
Total Loans	119		119		107
Consumer loans | Consumer | 90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
YTD 2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		29
Prior to 2020	136		136		46
Revolving Loans	128		128		0
Revolving to Term Loans	0		0		1
Total Loans	$ 264		$ 264		$ 76

XML

Allowance for Loan Losses - Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	$ 179,320	$ 176,797	$ 177,207	$ 172,808
Charge-offs	(345)	(6,126)	(638)	(6,354)
Recoveries	199	249	605	966
Provision & Transfers	22,403	6,500	24,403	10,000
Ending Allowance	201,577	177,420	201,577	177,420
Provision and transfers	22,403	6,500	24,403	10,000
Non-PCD | Luther Burbank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Provision & Transfers	16,000
Provision and transfers	16,000
PCD | Luther Burbank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Provision & Transfers	7,403
Provision and transfers	7,403
Unfunded commitments
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Provision & Transfers	1,000	3,000	1,000	4,000
Provision and transfers	1,000	3,000	1,000	4,000
Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	139,155	138,282	137,194	133,476
Charge-offs	(65)	(6,054)	(145)	(6,136)
Recoveries	53	57	137	109
Provision & Transfers	10,270	5,380	12,227	10,216
Ending Allowance	149,413	137,665	149,413	137,665
Provision and transfers	10,270	5,380	12,227	10,216
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	13,791	12,324	13,155	12,013
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Provision & Transfers	8,188	714	8,824	1,025
Ending Allowance	21,979	13,038	21,979	13,038
Provision and transfers	8,188	714	8,824	1,025
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	29,007	27,380	28,842	25,814
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	1	2	5
Provision & Transfers	3,984	422	4,147	1,984
Ending Allowance	32,991	27,803	32,991	27,803
Provision and transfers	3,984	422	4,147	1,984
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	60,836	63,873	58,773	57,210
Charge-offs	(65)	(6,054)	(127)	(6,136)
Recoveries	32	42	64	74
Provision & Transfers	(1,542)	5,440	551	12,153
Ending Allowance	59,261	63,301	59,261	63,301
Provision and transfers	(1,542)	5,440	551	12,153
Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	28,863	26,133	29,408	26,161
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Provision & Transfers	(1,546)	(106)	(2,091)	(134)
Ending Allowance	27,317	26,027	27,317	26,027
Provision and transfers	(1,546)	(106)	(2,091)	(134)
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	6,658	8,572	7,016	12,278
Charge-offs	0	0	(18)	0
Recoveries	21	14	71	30
Provision & Transfers	1,186	(1,090)	796	(4,812)
Ending Allowance	7,865	7,496	7,865	7,496
Provision and transfers	1,186	(1,090)	796	(4,812)
Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	40,165	38,515	40,013	39,332
Charge-offs	(280)	(72)	(493)	(218)
Recoveries	146	192	468	857
Provision & Transfers	12,133	1,120	12,176	(216)
Ending Allowance	52,164	39,755	52,164	39,755
Provision and transfers	12,133	1,120	12,176	(216)
Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	2,262	3,500	2,781	3,410
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Provision & Transfers	(344)	(44)	(863)	46
Ending Allowance	1,918	3,456	1,918	3,456
Provision and transfers	(344)	(44)	(863)	46
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	28,556	25,475	28,029	25,518
Charge-offs	(131)	(34)	(131)	(34)
Recoveries	55	104	175	534
Provision & Transfers	12,574	1,371	12,981	898
Ending Allowance	41,054	26,916	41,054	26,916
Provision and transfers	12,574	1,371	12,981	898
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	3,345	4,142	3,512	5,047
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	46	5	55	5
Provision & Transfers	(177)	(202)	(353)	(1,107)
Ending Allowance	3,214	3,945	3,214	3,945
Provision and transfers	(177)	(202)	(353)	(1,107)
Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	2,973	2,588	2,859	2,482
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	1	0	2	1
Provision & Transfers	0	74	113	179
Ending Allowance	2,974	2,662	2,974	2,662
Provision and transfers	0	74	113	179
Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Allowance	3,029	2,810	2,832	2,875
Charge-offs	(149)	(38)	(362)	(184)
Recoveries	44	83	236	317
Provision & Transfers	80	(79)	298	(232)
Ending Allowance	3,004	2,776	3,004	2,776
Provision and transfers	$ 80	$ (79)	$ 298	$ (232)

XML

Allowance for Loan Losses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses	$ 16,000	$ 3,500	$ 16,000	$ 6,000
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	146	$ 5,877	33	$ 5,388
Gross loans	$ 20,996,836		$ 20,996,836		$ 17,653,757
Percent past due	0.36%		0.36%		0.36%
Financial Asset Originated
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Non-accrual loans	$ 60,806		$ 60,806		$ 50,422
Non-Performing Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Gross loans	$ 68,361		$ 68,361		$ 57,924
Ratio of non-performing assets to total assets	0.23%		0.23%		0.26%

XML

Allowance for Losses on Loans - Internally Assigned Grade (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 20,996,836	$ 17,653,757
Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 20,459,022	17,246,669
Pass | Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total grade as a % of total loans	97.69%	97.44%
Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 230,403	101,922
Special mention | Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total grade as a % of total loans	0.58%	1.10%
Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 307,411	305,166
Substandard | Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total grade as a % of total loans	1.73%	1.47%
Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 0	0
Doubtful | Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total grade as a % of total loans	0.00%	0.00%
Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 0	0
Loss | Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total grade as a % of total loans	0.00%	0.00%
Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 11,717,725	10,507,610
Commercial loans | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		11,200,644	10,119,666
Commercial loans | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		230,403	101,922
Commercial loans | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		286,678	286,022
Commercial loans | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		4,089,719	2,886,594
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		3,944,926	2,772,538
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		112,984	90,428
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		31,809	23,628
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Multi-family | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		3,544,884	3,310,101
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		3,386,918	3,207,596
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		42,394	4,847
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		115,572	97,658
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		2,283,922	2,315,318
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		2,092,707	2,164,876
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		71,783	6,647
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		119,432	143,795
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		1,623,496	1,838,936
Commercial loans | Construction | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		1,600,992	1,818,266
Commercial loans | Construction | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		2,888	0
Commercial loans | Construction | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		19,616	20,670
Commercial loans | Construction | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Construction | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		175,704	156,661
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		175,101	156,390
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		354	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		249	271
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		9,279,111	7,146,147
Consumer loans | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		9,258,378	7,127,003
Consumer loans | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		20,733	19,144
Consumer loans | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		223,377	324,451
Consumer loans | Construction | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		223,290	324,363
Consumer loans | Construction | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Construction | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		87	88
Consumer loans | Construction | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Construction | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		8,619,916	6,388,990
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		8,599,901	6,370,936
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		20,015	18,054
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Single-family residential | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		114,256	124,842
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		114,256	124,588
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	254
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		247,305	237,754
Consumer loans | HELOC | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		246,814	237,018
Consumer loans | HELOC | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | HELOC | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		491	736
Consumer loans | HELOC | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | HELOC | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		74,257	70,110
Consumer loans | Consumer | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		74,117	70,098
Consumer loans | Consumer | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Consumer | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		140	12
Consumer loans | Consumer | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		0	0
Consumer loans | Consumer | Loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Gross loans		$ 0	$ 0

XML

Allowance for Losses on Loans - Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 20,996,836	$ 17,653,757
Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	11,717,725	10,507,610
Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	4,089,719	2,886,594
Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	3,544,884	3,310,101
Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	2,283,922	2,315,318
Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	1,623,496	1,838,936
Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	175,704	156,661
Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	9,279,111	7,146,147
Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	223,377	324,451
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	8,619,916	6,388,990
Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	114,256	124,842
Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	247,305	237,754
Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	74,257	70,110
Performing Loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 20,936,030	$ 17,603,335
% of Total Loans	99.70%	99.70%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 11,677,778	$ 10,472,966
% of Total Loans	99.70%	99.70%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 4,081,342	$ 2,881,467
% of Total Loans	99.80%	99.80%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 3,517,862	$ 3,286,666
% of Total Loans	99.20%	99.30%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 2,279,486	$ 2,309,236
% of Total Loans	99.80%	99.70%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 1,623,496	$ 1,838,936
% of Total Loans	100.00%	100.00%
Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 175,592	$ 156,661
% of Total Loans	99.90%	100.00%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 9,258,252	$ 7,130,369
% of Total Loans	99.80%	99.80%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 223,289	$ 324,363
% of Total Loans	100.00%	100.00%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 8,599,900	$ 6,374,072
% of Total Loans	99.80%	99.80%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 114,256	$ 124,833
% of Total Loans	100.00%	100.00%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 246,814	$ 237,018
% of Total Loans	99.80%	99.70%
Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 73,993	$ 70,083
% of Total Loans	99.60%	100.00%
Non-Performing Loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 60,806	$ 50,422
% of Total Loans	0.30%	0.30%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 39,947	$ 34,644
% of Total Loans	0.30%	0.30%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Multi-family
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 8,377	$ 5,127
% of Total Loans	0.20%	0.20%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 27,022	$ 23,435
% of Total Loans	0.80%	0.70%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Commercial & industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 4,436	$ 6,082
% of Total Loans	0.20%	0.30%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 0	$ 0
% of Total Loans	0.00%	0.00%
Non-Performing Loans | Commercial loans | Land - acquisition & development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 112	$ 0
% of Total Loans	0.10%	0.00%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 20,859	$ 15,778
% of Total Loans	0.20%	0.20%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 88	$ 88
% of Total Loans	0.00%	0.00%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Single-family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 20,016	$ 14,918
% of Total Loans	0.20%	0.20%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Land - consumer lot loans
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 0	$ 9
% of Total Loans	0.00%	0.00%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans | HELOC
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 491	$ 736
% of Total Loans	0.20%	0.30%
Non-Performing Loans | Consumer loans | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amount	$ 264	$ 27
% of Total Loans	0.40%	0.00%

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	$ 2,438,114	$ 1,995,097
Loans held for sale	2,993,658	0
Total financial assets	2,845,575	2,350,285
Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114	1,995,097
Loans held for sale	2,993,658
Total financial assets	5,708,226	2,308,068
Total financial liabilities	64,020	79,668
Recurring | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	63,264	78,797
Derivative liabilities	64,020	79,668
Recurring | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	2,509	3,405
Recurring | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	56,093	46,396
Recurring | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	154,588	184,373
Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Loans held for sale	0
Total financial assets	0	0
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114	1,995,097
Loans held for sale	2,993,658
Total financial assets	5,708,226	2,308,068
Total financial liabilities	64,020	79,668
Recurring | Level 2 | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	63,264	78,797
Derivative liabilities	64,020	79,668
Recurring | Level 2 | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	2,509	3,405
Recurring | Level 2 | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	56,093	46,396
Recurring | Level 2 | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	154,588	184,373
Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Loans held for sale	0
Total financial assets	0	0
Total financial liabilities	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets	0	0
U.S. government and agency securities | Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	312,199	217,053
U.S. government and agency securities | Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
U.S. government and agency securities | Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	312,199	217,053
U.S. government and agency securities | Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Asset-backed securities | Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	549,463	588,016
Asset-backed securities | Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Asset-backed securities | Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	549,463	588,016
Asset-backed securities | Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0
Municipal bonds | Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	35,061	34,662
Municipal bonds | Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Municipal bonds | Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	35,061	34,662
Municipal bonds | Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Corporate debt securities | Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	249,743	242,522
Corporate debt securities | Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Corporate debt securities | Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	249,743	242,522
Corporate debt securities | Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Agency pass-through certificates | Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	1,291,648	912,844
Agency pass-through certificates | Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	0	0
Agency pass-through certificates | Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	1,291,648	912,844
Agency pass-through certificates | Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value Measured on Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	$ 2,141	$ 3,685	$ 2,141	$ 3,685
Loans receivable/Impaired loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	781	3,313	781	3,313
Real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	1,360	372	1,360	372
Changes measurement
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total gains (losses)	(2,043)	(6,098)	(2,200)	(6,221)
Changes measurement | Loans receivable/Impaired loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total gains (losses)	(168)	(6,120)	(325)	(6,243)
Changes measurement | Real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total gains (losses)	(1,875)	22	(1,875)	22
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 1 | Loans receivable/Impaired loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 1 | Real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 2 | Loans receivable/Impaired loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 2 | Real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	0	0	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	2,141	3,685	2,141	3,685
Level 3 | Loans receivable/Impaired loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	781	3,313	781	3,313
Level 3 | Real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value disclosure	$ 1,360	$ 372	$ 1,360	$ 372

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities purchased		$ 214,707,000	$ 115,931,000
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities		176,402,000	0
Held-to-maturity securities purchased		47,670,000	0
Proceeds from sale of held-to-maturity securities		$ 0	$ 0
Term of contractual due dates, mortgage-backed securities		25 years
Accrued interest for available-for-sale securities		$ 11,141,000		$ 8,641,000
Accrued interest for held-to-maturity securities		1,206,000		$ 1,013,000
Luther Burbank
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Acquisition, investments purchased, AFS securities	$ 516,308,000
Acquisition, investments sold, AFS securities	171,000,000
Acquisition, investments purchased, HTM securities	$ 2,570,000
Consumer loans | Single-family residential
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Foreclosed residential real estate properties held as REO		28,000
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		$ 4,710,000

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value by Balance Sheet Grouping (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	$ 2,438,114	$ 1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882	423,586
Loans held for sale	2,993,658	0
FHLB stock	160,817	126,820
Agency pass-through certificates
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882	423,586
Carrying Amount
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114	1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882	423,586
Carrying Amount | Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,505,771	980,649
Carrying Amount | Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans held for sale	2,993,658	0
FHLB stock	160,817	126,820
Time deposits	9,000,911	5,305,016
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Borrowings
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	5,345,518	3,650,000
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Senior Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	93,729	0
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	63,264	78,797
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	64,020	79,668
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	2,509	3,405
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	56,093	46,396
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	154,588	184,373
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | U.S. government and agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	312,199	217,053
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	549,463	588,016
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	35,061	34,662
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	249,743	242,522
Carrying Amount | Level 2 | Agency pass-through certificates
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	1,291,648	912,844
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	457,882	423,586
Carrying Amount | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans receivable	20,795,259	17,476,550
Carrying Amount | Level 3 | Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	50,254	0
Estimated Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,438,114	1,995,097
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	407,461	355,188
Estimated Fair Value | Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,505,771	980,649
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans held for sale	2,993,658	0
FHLB stock	160,817	126,820
Time deposits	9,037,254	5,232,689
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Borrowings
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	5,320,188	3,653,229
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Senior Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	93,373	0
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Client swap program hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	63,264	78,797
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	64,020	79,668
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Commercial loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	2,509	3,405
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	56,093	46,396
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Borrowings cash flow hedges
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other assets	154,588	184,373
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | U.S. government and agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	312,199	217,053
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	549,463	588,016
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Municipal bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	35,061	34,662
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	249,743	242,522
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2 | Agency pass-through certificates
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	1,291,648	912,844
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	407,461	355,188
Estimated Fair Value | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans receivable	20,245,348	16,559,758
Estimated Fair Value | Level 3 | Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt	$ 50,320	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements - Investments by Contractual Maturity Date (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost	$ 2,523,136	$ 2,118,616
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains	4,261	2,910
Gross unrealized loss	(89,283)	(126,429)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value	$ 2,438,114	$ 1,995,097
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield	4.76%	4.64%
Amortized Cost, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities	$ 457,882	$ 423,586
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, gross unrealized gains	23	0
Held-to-maturity securities, gross unrealized losses	(50,444)	(68,398)
Fair Value, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value	$ 407,461	$ 355,188
Yield, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, yield	3.17%	2.88%
Investments	$ 2,981,018	$ 2,542,202
Gross unrealized gains on investments	4,284	2,910
Gross unrealized losses on investments	(139,727)	(194,827)
Total financial assets	$ 2,845,575	$ 2,350,285
Yield on investments	4.47%	4.35%
U.S. government and agency securities
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost, within 1 year	$ 8,692	$ 3,501
Amortized cost, 1 to 5 years	5,699	18,894
Amortized cost, 5 to 10 years	162,027	87,922
Amortized cost, over 10 years	135,961	106,340
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains, within 1 year	5	0
Gross unrealized gains, 1 to 5 years	4	0
Gross unrealized gains, 5 to 10 years	524	177
Gross unrealized gains, over 10 years	37	831
Gross unrealized losses, Within 1 year	(7)	(36)
Gross unrealized losses, 1 to 5 years	(264)	(563)
Gross unrealized losses, 5 to 10 years	(90)	0
Gross unrealized losses, over 10 years	(389)	(13)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value, within 1 year	8,690	3,465
Fair value, 1 to 5 years	5,439	18,331
Fair value, 5 to 10 years	162,461	88,099
Fair value, over 10 years	$ 135,609	$ 107,158
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield, within 1 year	5.83%	6.06%
Yield, 1 to 5 years	2.89%	4.70%
Yield, 5 to 10 years	6.01%	5.76%
Yield, over 10 years	6.32%	5.84%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost, 1 to 5 years	$ 13,249	$ 18,579
Amortized cost, 5 to 10 years	24,380	36,875
Amortized cost, over 10 years	513,964	539,911
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains, 1 to 5 years	0	0
Gross unrealized gains, 5 to 10 years	65	2
Gross unrealized gains, over 10 years	1,251	578
Gross unrealized losses, 1 to 5 years	(397)	(715)
Gross unrealized losses, 5 to 10 years	0	(99)
Gross unrealized losses, over 10 years	(3,049)	(7,115)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value, 1 to 5 years	12,852	17,864
Fair value, 5 to 10 years	24,445	36,778
Fair value, over 10 years	$ 512,166	$ 533,374
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield, 1 to 5 years	6.08%	6.06%
Yield, 5 to 10 years	6.23%	6.11%
Yield, over 10 years	6.30%	6.35%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost, within 1 year	$ 8,100
Amortized cost, 1 to 5 years	144,034	$ 151,893
Amortized cost, 5 to 10 years	112,625	113,221
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains, within 1 year	0
Gross unrealized gains, 1 to 5 years	1,140	895
Gross unrealized gains, 5 to 10 years	0	0
Gross unrealized losses, Within 1 year	(1)
Gross unrealized losses, 1 to 5 years	(845)	(1,787)
Gross unrealized losses, 5 to 10 years	(15,310)	(21,700)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value, within 1 year	8,099
Fair value, 1 to 5 years	144,329	151,001
Fair value, 5 to 10 years	$ 97,315	$ 91,521
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield, within 1 year	3.35%
Yield, 1 to 5 years	5.20%	5.14%
Yield, 5 to 10 years	3.87%	3.87%
Municipal bonds due
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost, 5 to 10 years	$ 5,705	$ 5,720
Amortized cost, over 10 years	29,812	29,832
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains, 5 to 10 years	0	0
Gross unrealized gains, over 10 years	3	361
Gross unrealized losses, 5 to 10 years	(265)	(701)
Gross unrealized losses, over 10 years	(194)	(550)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value, 5 to 10 years	5,440	5,019
Fair value, over 10 years	$ 29,621	$ 29,643
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield, 5 to 10 years	3.00%	3.00%
Yield, over 10 years	5.85%	5.85%
Agency pass-through certificates
Amortized Cost, Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost, without single maturity date	$ 1,358,888	$ 1,005,928
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Available-for-sale securities
Gross unrealized gains, without single maturity date	1,232	66
Gross unrealized losses, without single maturity date	(68,472)	(93,150)
Fair Value, Available-for-sale securities
Fair value, without single maturity date	$ 1,291,648	$ 912,844
Yield, Available-for-sale securities
Yield, without single maturity date	3.85%	3.39%
Amortized Cost, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities	$ 457,882	$ 423,586
Gross Unrealized Gains / Losses, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, gross unrealized gains	23	0
Held-to-maturity securities, gross unrealized losses	(50,444)	(68,398)
Fair Value, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value	$ 407,461	$ 355,188
Yield, Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, yield	3.17%	2.88%

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Fair Value Measurements - Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) security
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Number of debt securities with unrealized loss | security	253	231
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	$ (1,433)	$ (4,185)
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(87,850)	(122,244)
Total unrealized gross losses	(89,283)	(126,429)
Less than 12 months, fair value	338,990	243,952
12 months or more, fair value	1,137,460	1,393,013
Total, fair value	1,476,450	1,636,965
Held-to-maturity securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	(2)	(15)
Less than 12 months, fair value	263	1,424
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(50,442)	(68,383)
12 months or more, fair value	354,819	353,764
Total unrealized gross losses	(50,444)	(68,398)
Total, fair value	355,082	355,188
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	(1,435)	(4,200)
Less than 12 months, fair value	339,253	245,376
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(138,292)	(190,627)
12 months or more, fair value	1,492,279	1,746,777
Total unrealized gross losses	(139,727)	(194,827)
Total fair value	1,831,532	1,992,153
Corporate debt securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	(214)	0
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(15,942)	(23,487)
Total unrealized gross losses	(16,156)	(23,487)
Less than 12 months, fair value	19,779	0
12 months or more, fair value	154,496	167,452
Total, fair value	174,275	167,452
Municipal bonds due
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	0	0
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(458)	(1,250)
Total unrealized gross losses	(458)	(1,250)
Less than 12 months, fair value	0	0
12 months or more, fair value	15,059	14,302
Total, fair value	15,059	14,302
U.S. government and agency securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses		(13)
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses		(599)
Total unrealized gross losses		(612)
Less than 12 months, fair value		14,917
12 months or more, fair value		21,795
Total, fair value		36,712
Asset-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	(485)	(2,142)
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(3,712)	(5,788)
Total unrealized gross losses	(4,197)	(7,930)
Less than 12 months, fair value	110,515	86,800
12 months or more, fair value	247,943	445,454
Total, fair value	358,458	532,254
Mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, unrealized gross losses	(734)	(2,030)
12 months or more, unrealized gross losses	(67,738)	(91,120)
Total unrealized gross losses	(68,472)	(93,150)
Less than 12 months, fair value	208,696	142,235
12 months or more, fair value	719,962	744,010
Total, fair value	$ 928,658	$ 886,245

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Summary of Fair Value, Notional Amount and Balance Sheet Classification (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 5,045,158	$ 2,516,405
Derivative assets, fair value	276,454	312,971
Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	938,116	806,744
Derivative liabilities, fair value	64,020	79,668
Client swap program hedges | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	938,116	806,744
Derivative assets, fair value	63,264	78,797
Client swap program hedges | Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	938,116	806,744
Derivative liabilities, fair value	64,020	79,668
Commercial loan fair value hedges | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	37,042	39,661
Derivative assets, fair value	2,509	3,405
Commercial loan fair value hedges | Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	0	0
Derivative liabilities, fair value	0	0
Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,070,000	670,000
Mortgage loan fair value hedges | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	3,070,000
Derivative assets, fair value	56,093	46,396
Mortgage loan fair value hedges | Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	0	0
Derivative liabilities, fair value	0	0
Borrowings cash flow hedges | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	1,000,000	1,000,000
Derivative assets, fair value	154,588	184,373
Borrowings cash flow hedges | Other liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional amount	0	0
Derivative liabilities, fair value	$ 0	$ 0

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Impact of Fair Value Hedge Accounting on the Carrying Value of the Hedged Items (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying value of hedged items	$ 8,040,874	$ 1,816,870
Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items	(39,639)	(48,865)
Mortgage loan fair value hedges
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying value of hedged items	8,006,330	1,780,503
Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items	(37,192)	(45,622)
Notional amount	3,070,000	670,000
Commercial loan fair value hedges
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying value of hedged items	34,544	36,367
Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items	$ (2,447)	$ (3,243)

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Interest Rate Swap | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, maturities	1 year		1 year
Interest Rate Swap | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, maturities	6 years		6 years
Interest Rate Swap | Weighted average
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, maturities	5 years		5 years
Interest rate contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, gain (loss), net	$ 6	$ 26	$ 114	$ 26

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Impact of Derivative Instruments on AOCI (Details) - Cash flow hedging - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative [Line Items]
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$ 10,742	$ (21,972)	$ (29,785)	$ (28,778)
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$ 10,742	$ (21,972)	$ (29,785)	$ (28,778)

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Gains/(Losses) on Derivative Instruments in Fair Value and Cash Flow Accounting Hedging Relationships (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$ 274,341	$ 222,957	$ 520,133	$ 426,903
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	(44,065)	(28,185)	(82,003)	(47,159)
Interest rate contracts | Interest income on loans receivable | Fair value hedging
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	8,517	4,237	14,010	7,404
Recognized on derivatives	15,515	(6,608)	(9,981)	(9,457)
Recognized on hedged items	(16,385)	6,696	9,225	9,828
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	7,647	4,325	13,254	7,775
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense on FHLB advances | Cash flow hedging
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	11,714	9,457	23,561	16,731
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense	0	0	0	0
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges	$ 11,714	$ 9,457	$ 23,561	$ 16,731

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Impact of Client Swap Program that are Not Designated in Accounting Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Client swap program hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, gain (loss), net	$ 6	$ 26	$ 114	$ 26
Other noninterest income | Pay fixed/receive floating swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, gain (loss), net	11,014	(11,143)	(17,695)	(15,021)
Other noninterest income | Receive fixed/pay floating swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, gain (loss), net	$ (11,008)	$ 11,169	$ 17,809	$ 15,047

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue streams percentage, contract with customer	3.50%	4.00%

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Commitment and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in process	$ 1,303,978	$ 1,895,940
Off-balance-sheet credit reserve	23,500	24,500
Financing Receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in process	$ 3,859,416	$ 3,625,333