UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34654

WASHINGTON FEDERAL INC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Washington			91-1661606
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
425 Pike Street	Seattle	Washington	98101
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (206) 624-7930

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes   ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐   No  ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS

The registrant had outstanding 75,706,064 shares of common stock as of August 06, 2020.

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	The Consolidated Financial Statements of Washington Federal, Inc. and Subsidiaries filed as a part of the report are as follows:
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019	8
	Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	58
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	58
PART II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	59
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	59
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	60
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	60
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	60
Item 5.	Other Information	60
Item 6.	Exhibits	60
	Signatures	62

2

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(UNAUDITED)

	June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
	(In thousands, except share data)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,218,240	$	419,158
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,063,960		1,485,742
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost	827,316		1,443,480
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $165,349 and $131,534 (1)	12,733,426		11,930,575
Interest receivable	49,992		48,857
Premises and equipment, net	250,779		274,015
Real estate owned	5,956		6,781
FHLB and FRB stock	145,990		123,990
Bank owned life insurance	226,329		222,076
Intangible assets, including goodwill of $302,707 and $301,368	310,458		309,247
Other assets	342,658		210,989
	$	18,175,104	$	16,474,910
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Customer accounts
Transaction deposit accounts	$	8,900,448	$	7,083,801
Time deposit accounts	4,209,146		4,906,963
	13,109,594		11,990,764
FHLB advances	2,800,000		2,250,000
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	30,415		57,830
Federal and state income tax liabilities, net	570		5,104
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	244,016		138,217
	16,184,595		14,441,915
Commitments and contingencies (see Note I)
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $1.00 par value, $300,000,000 shares authorized; 135,743,737 and 135,539,806 shares issued; 75,706,026 and 78,841,463 shares outstanding	135,744		135,540
Additional paid-in capital	1,677,373		1,672,417
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	12,560		15,292
Treasury stock, at cost; 60,037,711 and 56,698,343 shares	(1,238,292)		(1,126,163)
Retained earnings	1,403,124		1,335,909
	1,990,509		2,032,995
	$	18,175,104	$	16,474,910

(1) Effective October 1, 2019, the Company has applied FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326"), so the allowance calculation is based on current expected credit loss methodology ("CECL"). Prior to October 1, 2019, the calculation was based on incurred loss methodology. See Note E "Allowance for Losses on Loans" for details.

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands, except share data)				(In thousands, except share data)
INTEREST INCOME
Loans receivable	$	132,847	$	145,490	$	413,543	$	423,616
Mortgage-backed securities	10,843		18,719		40,796		57,254
Investment securities and cash equivalents	6,019		7,617		19,812		21,160
	149,709		171,826		474,151		502,030
INTEREST EXPENSE
Customer accounts	21,393		32,331		81,512		88,576
FHLB advances	10,938		17,829		37,963		52,566
	32,331		50,160		119,475		141,142
Net interest income	117,378		121,666		354,676		360,888
Provision (release) for credit losses	10,800		—		15,250		250
Net interest income after provision (release)	106,578		121,666		339,426		360,638
OTHER INCOME
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities	—		—		15,028		(9)
Prepayment penalty on long-term debt	—		—		(13,809)		—
Loan fee income	1,380		1,334		6,231		2,971
Deposit fee income	5,479		6,258		17,837		18,387
Other income	6,415		6,450		50,602		24,512
	13,274		14,042		75,889		45,861
OTHER EXPENSE
Compensation and benefits	36,058		34,297		111,306		100,954
Occupancy	9,357		9,684		30,406		28,782
FDIC insurance premiums	2,365		2,559		7,305		7,399
Product delivery	4,397		3,912		12,560		11,478
Information technology	12,154		9,935		40,761		27,730
Other expense	10,992		10,511		35,053		34,194
	75,323		70,898		237,391		210,537
Gain (loss) on real estate owned, net	(219)		353		(1,074)		1,481
Income before income taxes	44,310		65,163		176,850		197,443
Income tax expense	9,458		11,309		37,755		39,549
NET INCOME	$	34,852	$	53,854	$	139,095	$	157,894
PER SHARE DATA
Basic earnings per share	$	0.46	$	0.67	$	1.80	$	1.95
Diluted earnings per share	0.46		0.67		1.80		1.95
Dividends paid on common stock per share	0.22		0.20		0.65		0.58
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	75,705,993		79,976,574		77,063,121		80,915,162
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	75,712,898		79,992,356		77,078,067		80,941,617

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Net income	$	34,852	$	53,854	$	139,095	$	157,894
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investment securities	15,966		14,577		28,902		31,677
Reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss from sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income	—		—		(15,028)		(9)
Related tax benefit (expense)	(3,672)		(3,316)		(3,260)		(7,204)
	12,294		11,261		10,614		24,464
Net unrealized gain (loss) on borrowings cash flow hedges	(8,045)		(10,043)		(17,358)		(26,692)
Related tax benefit (expense)	1,850		2,285		4,012		6,071
	(6,195)		(7,758)		(13,346)		(20,621)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax	6,099		3,503		(2,732)		3,843
Comprehensive income	$	40,951	$	57,357	$	136,363	$	161,737

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(UNAUDITED) 

(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at April 1, 2020	$	135,742	$	1,675,828	$	1,384,833	$	6,461	$	(1,238,252)	$	1,964,612
Net income	—		—		34,852		—		—		34,852
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		6,099		—		6,099
Dividends on common stock ($0.22 per share)	—		—		(16,561)		—		—		(16,561)
Proceeds from stock-based awards	2		24		—		—		—		26
Stock-based compensation expense	—		1,521		—		—		—		1,521
Treasury stock acquired	—		—		—		—		(40)		(40)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	135,744	$	1,677,373	$	1,403,124	$	12,560	$	(1,238,292)	$	1,990,509
(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at April 1, 2019	$	135,507	$	1,669,860	$	1,262,236	$	8,634	$	(1,071,957)	$	2,004,280
Net income	—		—		53,854		—		—		53,854
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		3,503		—		3,503
Dividends on common stock ($0.20 per share)	—		—		(15,974)		—		—		(15,974)
Proceeds from stock-based awards	13		146		—		—		—		159
Stock-based compensation expense	7		1,192		—		—		—		1,199
Treasury stock acquired	—		—		—		—		(34,287)		(34,287)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	135,527	$	1,671,198	$	1,300,116	$	12,137	$	(1,106,244)	$	2,012,734

(CONTINUED)

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(UNAUDITED) 

(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at October 1, 2019	$	135,540	$	1,672,417	$	1,335,909	$	15,292	$	(1,126,163)	$	2,032,995
Adjustment pursuant to adoption of ASUs	—		—		(21,945)		—		—		(21,945)
Net income	—		—		139,095		—		—		139,095
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(2,732)		—		(2,732)
Dividends on common stock ($0.65 per share)	—		—		(49,935)		—		—		(49,935)
Proceeds from stock-based awards	8		133		—		—		—		141
Stock-based compensation expense	196		4,823		—		—		—		5,019
Treasury stock acquired	—		—		—		—		(112,129)		(112,129)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	135,744	$	1,677,373	$	1,403,124	$	12,560	$	(1,238,292)	$	1,990,509
(in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at October 1, 2018	$	135,343	$	1,666,609	$	1,188,971	$	8,294	$	(1,002,309)	$	1,996,908
Net income	—		—		157,894		—		—		157,894
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		3,843		—		3,843
Dividends on common stock ($0.58 per share)	—		—		(46,749)		—		—		(46,749)
Proceeds from stock-based awards	37		675		—		—		—		712
Stock-based compensation expense	108		3,953		—		—		—		4,061
Exercise of stock warrants	39		(39)		—		—		—		—
Treasury stock acquired	—		—		—		—		(103,935)		(103,935)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	135,527	$	1,671,198	$	1,300,116	$	12,137	$	(1,106,244)	$	2,012,734

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED) 

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	139,095	$	157,894
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, accretion and other, net	26,334		20,606
Stock-based compensation expense	5,019		4,061
Provision (release) for credit losses	15,250		250
Loss (gain) on sale of investment securities	(15,028)		9
Net realized (gain) loss on sales of premises, equipment, and real estate owned	(33,044)		(9,098)
Impairment loss on premises and equipment	6,431		—
Prepayment penalty from repayment of borrowings	13,809		—
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable	(1,135)		(709)
Decrease (increase) in federal and state income tax receivable	—		1,804
Decrease (increase) in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(4,253)		(4,356)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	(149,007)		(23,046)
Increase (decrease) in federal and state income tax liabilities	2,773		1,232
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	105,420		20,055
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	111,664		168,702
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Origination of loans and principal repayments, net	(832,183)		(496,438)
Loans purchased	(15,456)		—
FHLB & FRB stock purchased	(323,200)		(440,600)
FHLB & FRB stock redeemed	301,200		433,600
Available-for-sale securities purchased	(684,292)		(327,670)
Principal payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities	301,319		164,295
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	204,351		491
Principal payments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities	237,895		114,678
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned	2,339		8,484
Cash paid for acquisitions	(2,810)		—
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	55,213		11,669
Premises and equipment purchased and REO improvements	(22,641)		(30,845)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(778,265)		(562,336)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase (decrease) in customer accounts	1,118,830		413,252
Proceeds from borrowings	8,080,000		11,015,000
Repayments of borrowings	(7,543,809)		(10,840,000)
Proceeds from stock-based awards	141		712
Dividends paid on common stock	(49,935)		(46,749)
Treasury stock purchased	(112,129)		(103,935)
Increase (decrease) in borrower advances related to taxes and insurance, net	(27,415)		(23,468)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,465,683		414,812
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	799,082		21,178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	419,158		268,650
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,218,240	$	289,828

(CONTINUED)

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Non-cash investing activities
Real estate acquired through foreclosure	$	1,329	$	1,669
Other personal property acquired through foreclosure	359		—
Non-cash financing activities
Stock issued upon exercise of warrants	—		1,082
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	119,022		143,740
Income taxes	23,863		25,655

SEE NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9

Table of Contents

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE A – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Company and Nature of Operations - Washington Federal Bank, National Association, a federally-insured national bank dba WaFd Bank (the “Bank” or “WaFd Bank”), was founded on April 24, 1917 in Ballard, Washington and is engaged primarily in providing lending, depository, insurance and other banking services to consumers, mid-sized to large businesses, and owners and developers of commercial real estate. Washington Federal, Inc., a Washington corporation (the “Company”), was formed as the Bank’s holding company in November, 1994. As used throughout this document, the terms “Washington Federal” or the “Company” refer to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to the operating subsidiary, Washington Federal Bank, National Association. The Company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The Bank conducts its activities through a network of 234 bank branches located in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas.

Risks and Uncertainties - The worldwide spread of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has created significant uncertainty in the global economy. There have been no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of COVID-19 and the extent to which COVID-19 and the related government actions impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict.

Basis of Presentation - The Company has prepared the consolidated unaudited interim financial statements included in this report. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements.

The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2019 Annual Financial Statements”). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements are disclosed in its 2019 Annual Financial Statements. Other than the adoption of the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology discussed below, there have not been any significant changes in the Company's significant accounting policies compared to those contained in its 2019 Annual Financial Statements for the year ended September 30, 2019.

Restricted Cash Balances - Based on the level of vault cash on hand, the Company was not required to maintain cash reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank as of June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the Company pledged cash collateral related to derivative contracts of $104,000,000 and $31,850,000, respectively.

Equity Securities - The Company records equity securities within Other assets in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values (marketable) are measured at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized as a component of Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Investments in equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values (non-marketable) are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, also referred to as the measurement alternative. Any adjustments to the carrying value of these investments are recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Loans Receivable) - Effective October 1, 2019, the Company has applied FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326"), so the allowance calculation is based on current expected credit loss methodology ("CECL"). Prior to October 1, 2019, the calculation was based on incurred loss methodology. See Note B "New Accounting Pronouncements" and Note E "Allowance for Losses on Loans" for details. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for the expected credit losses of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. The CECL methodology requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures) and replaces the incurred loss methodology’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was probable a loss event was incurred.

10

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its ACL. The Company has designated two loan portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. These loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes, which represent loans of similar type, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. The commercial loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, and land acquisition and development. The risk of loss for the commercial loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by the credit risk rating assigned to each borrower. Commercial loan risk ratings are determined by experienced senior credit officers based on specific facts and circumstances and are subject to periodic review by an independent internal team of credit specialists. The consumer loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: single-family-residential mortgage, custom construction, consumer lot loans, home equity lines of credit, and other consumer. The risk of loss for the consumer loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by delinquency status and general economic factors. Each commercial and consumer loan portfolio class may also be further segmented based on risk characteristics.

For most of our loan portfolio classes, the historical loss experience is determined using a cohort methodology. This method pools loans into groups (“cohorts”) sharing similar risk characteristics and tracks each cohort’s net charge-offs over the lives of the loans to calculate a historical loss rate. The historical loss rates for each cohort are then averaged to calculate an overall historical loss rate which is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class. For certain loan portfolio classes, the Company determined there was not sufficient historical loss information to calculate a meaningful historical loss rate using the cohort methodology. For any such loan portfolio class, the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology is being utilized until sufficient historical loss data is obtained. The WARM method multiplies an average annual loss rate by the expected remaining life of the loan pool to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the historical loss rate for each loan portfolio class. The qualitative adjustments for each loan class consider the conditions over the period from which historical loss experience was based and are split into two components: 1) asset or class specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date related to portfolio credit quality, remaining payments, volume and nature, credit culture and management, business environment or other management factors and 2) reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions and collateral values.

The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans, risk rating migration, delinquencies, etc. The asset quality review is performed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative overlay to the quantitative baseline. The second qualitative adjustment noted above, economic conditions and collateral values, encompasses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The overlay adjustment for the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes an immediate reversion after the one-year forecast period to historical loss rates for the remaining life of the respective loan pool.

When management deems it to be appropriate, the Company establishes a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in each respective loan pool. These individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans but may also include other non-performing loans or troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). In addition, the Company individually evaluates “reasonably expected” TDRs, which are identified by the Company as a loan expected to be classified as a TDR within the next six months. Management judgment is utilized to make this determination.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities) - For held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, the Company is required to utilize a CECL methodology to estimate expected credit losses. Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities. As of October 1, 2019, the Company determined that the expected credit loss on its corporate and municipal bonds was immaterial, and therefore, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about HTM debt securities.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Available-for-Sale Debt Securities) - The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the CECL methodology applied for HTM debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost. Although ASC 326 replaced the legacy other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with a credit loss model, it retained the fundamental nature of the legacy OTTI model. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS debt securities where neither of the criteria are met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any remaining discount that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Under the new guidance, an entity may no longer consider the length of time fair value has been less than amortized cost. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision (or release) for credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of October 1, 2019, the Company determined that the unrealized loss positions in AFS securities were not the result of credit losses, and therefore, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded. See Note F "Fair Value Measurements" for more information about AFS debt securities.

Accrued Interest Receivable - Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable:

•Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately from their underlying instruments within the consolidated statements of financial condition.

•Excluding accrued interest receivable that is included in the amortized cost of financing receivables from related disclosure requirements.

•Continuing our policy to write off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income in cases where the Company does not reasonably expect to receive payment.

•Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of writing off uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.

Non-Accrual Loans - Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the judgment of management, the probability of collection of interest is deemed to be insufficient to warrant further accrual. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. The Bank does not accrue interest on loans 90 days or more past due. If payment is made on a loan so that the loan becomes less than 90 days past due, and the Bank expects full collection of principal and interest, the loan is returned to full accrual status. Any interest ultimately collected is credited to income in the period of recovery. A loan is charged-off when the loss is estimable and it is confirmed that the borrower is not expected to be able to meet contractual obligations.

If a consumer loan is on non-accrual status before becoming a TDR it will stay on non-accrual status following restructuring until it has been performing for at least six months, at which point it may be moved to accrual status. If a loan is on accrual status before it becomes a TDR, and management concludes that full repayment is probable based on internal evaluation, it will remain on accrual status following restructuring. If the restructured consumer loan does not perform, it is placed on non-accrual status when it is 90 days delinquent. For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances, after the required six consecutive payments are made, management will conclude that collection of the entire principal and interest due is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual status.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Collateral-Dependent Loans - A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans and leases deemed collateral-dependent, the Company elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral consists of various types of real estate including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.

Off-balance-sheet credit exposures - The only material off-balance-sheet credit exposures are unfunded loan commitments, which had a combined balance of $2,235,184,000 and $2,379,089,000 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition), with adjustments to the reserve recognized through provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class.

NOTE B – New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this ASU provide temporary, optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The ASU primarily includes relief related to contract modifications and hedging relationships, as well as providing a one-time election for the sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. This guidance is effective immediately and the amendments may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the amendments and determining the impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, that clarifies and improves areas of guidance related to the recently issued standards on credit losses (ASU 2016-13), hedging (ASU 2017-12), and recognition and measurement of financial instruments (ASU 2016-01). The amendments generally have the same effective dates as their related standards. If already adopted, the amendments of ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and the amendments of ASU 2017-12 are effective as of the beginning of the Company’s next annual reporting period; early adoption is permitted. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the amendments of ASU 2019-04 pertaining to ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2016-01, both of which had been previously adopted, and at that time elected to reclassify mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost of $374,680,000 and fair value of $390,669,000 from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale. During the third fiscal quarter, the Company adopted the amendments of ASU 2019-04 that pertain to ASU 2016-13. See discussion below regarding the adoption of ASU 2016-13.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. The amendments in this ASU align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amendments also require the entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, including reasonably certain renewal periods. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company is assessing the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU adds, eliminates, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. Entities are also allowed to elect early adoption of the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the added disclosure requirements until their effective date. The Company early adopted this ASU beginning October 1, 2019 and removed or modified disclosures as permitted.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements. The ASU provides entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard, ASU No. 2016-02. Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11: (1) entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the new leasing standard, and (2) lessors may elect to not separate non-lease components from leases when certain conditions are met. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-02 (October 1, 2019 for the Company). The Company adopted this ASU beginning October 1, 2019 and elected both transition options.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326). ASC 326, as amended, is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investments in leases and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The amendments require that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. ASC 326 eliminates the current framework of recognizing probable incurred losses and instead requires an entity to use its current estimate of all expected credit losses over the contractual life. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the financial assets. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities are recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security's cost basis.

For purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”) that are measured at amortized cost, an allowance for expected credit losses is recorded as an adjustment to the cost basis of the asset. Subsequent changes in estimated cash flows would be recorded as an adjustment to the allowance and through the statement of income.

Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security's cost basis.

The Company early adopted ASC 326 during its third fiscal quarter and based on the application of the modified retrospective method it became effective on October 1, 2019 for all financial assets measured at amortized cost (primarily loans receivable and held-to-maturity debt securities) and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company recorded a decrease to retained earnings of $21,945,000 as of October 1, 2019 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326 as further detailed below.

	September 30, 2019		CECL Adoption Impact		October 1, 2019
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	7,391	$	3,013	$	10,404
Commercial real estate	13,170		(146)		13,024
Commercial & industrial	31,450		785		32,235
Construction	32,304		(9,536)		22,768
Land - acquisition & development	9,155		1,749		10,904
Total commercial loans	93,470		(4,135)		89,335
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	30,988		16,783		47,771
Construction - custom	1,369		1,511		2,880
Land - consumer lot loans	2,143		492		2,635
HELOC	1,103		945		2,048
Consumer	2,461		2,154		4,615
Total consumer loans	38,064		21,885		59,949
Total allowance for loan losses	131,534		17,750		149,284
Reserve for unfunded commitments	6,900		10,750		17,650
Total allowance for credit losses	$	138,434	$	28,500	$	166,934
Retained earnings
Total pre-tax impact			$	28,500
Tax effect			(6,555)
Decrease to retained earnings			$	21,945

The Company's available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios consist primarily of debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities upon adoption of ASC 326. The impact going forward will depend on the composition, characteristics, and credit quality of the loan and securities portfolios as well as the economic conditions at future reporting periods.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The ASU, as amended, requires lessees to recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee's right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions and introduces new disclosure requirements for leasing arrangements. Accounting by lessors is largely unchanged. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU beginning October 1, 2019 utilizing the transition method allowed under ASU 2018-11 and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us to carry forward our historical lease classifications and our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease. We also elected to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet. The adoption of this ASU resulted in an increase in other assets and an increase in other liabilities of $29,013,000 and $29,013,000, respectively. The Company recognized no cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings upon adoption.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE C – Dividends and Share Repurchases

On May 22, 2020, the Company paid a regular dividend on common stock of $0.22 per share, which represented the 149^th consecutive quarterly cash dividend. Dividends per share were $0.22 and $0.20 for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. On July 28, 2020, the Company declared a regular dividend on common stock of $0.22 per share, which represents its 150^th consecutive quarterly cash dividend. This dividend will be paid on August 21, 2020 to common shareholders of record on August 7, 2020.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 1,594 shares at an average price of $24.90. As of June 30, 2020, there are 4,627,393 remaining shares authorized to be repurchased under the current Board approved share repurchase program.

NOTE D – Loans Receivable

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note B "New Accounting Pronouncements" above.

The Company's loans held for investment is divided into two portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans, with each of those segments further split into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses.

The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class.

	June 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	1,510,099	10.6	%	$	1,422,674	10.7	%
Commercial real estate	1,707,893		11.9		1,631,170		12.3
Commercial & industrial (1)	2,158,000		15.1		1,268,695		9.5
Construction	2,328,987		16.3		2,038,052		15.3
Land - acquisition & development	195,212		1.4		204,107		1.5
Total commercial loans	7,900,191		55.2		6,564,698		49.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	5,461,605		38.2		5,835,194		43.8
Construction - custom	607,329		4.2		540,741		4.1
Land - consumer lot loans	100,102		0.7		99,694		0.7
HELOC	140,636		1.0		142,178		1.1
Consumer	91,495		0.6		129,883		1.0
Total consumer loans	6,401,167		44.8		6,747,690		50.7
Total gross loans	14,301,358		100	%	13,312,388		100	%
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	165,349				131,534
Loans in process	1,353,774				1,201,341
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	48,809				48,938
Total loan contra accounts	1,567,932				1,381,813
Net loans	$	12,733,426			$	11,930,575

(1) Includes $758,955,000 of SBA Payroll Protection Program loans as of June 30, 2020.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable ("AIR") from the amortized cost basis of loans for disclosure purposes and from the calculations of estimated credit losses. As of June 30, 2020, and September 30, 2019, AIR for loans totaled $43,712,000 and $41,429,000, respectively, and is included in the “accrued interest receivable” line item on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

Loans in the amount of $5,592,355,000 and $5,874,704,000 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") as part of our liquidity management strategy. The FHLB does not have the right to sell or re-pledge these loans.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of loans receivable for specific disclosures required by ASC 326.

	June 30, 2020							September 30, 2019
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
	Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing		Non-accrual			Non-accrual with no ACL		90 days or more past due and accruing
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	224		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	3,416			—		—		5,835			—		—
Commercial & industrial	1,847			—		—		1,292			—		—
Construction	3,353			—		—		—			—		—
Land - acquisition & development	78			—		—		169			—		—
Total commercial loans	8,918			—		—		7,296			—		—
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	24,876			—		—		25,271			—		—
Construction - custom	—			—		—		—			—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	277			—		—		246			—		—
HELOC	866			—		—		907			—		—
Consumer	64			—		—		11			—		—
Total consumer loans	26,083			—		—		26,435			—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	35,001		$	—	$	—	$	33,731		$	—	$	—
% of total loans	0.27		%					0.28		%

The Company recognized interest income on non-accrual loans of approximately $2,513,000 in the nine months ended June 30, 2020. Had these loans been on accrual status and performed according to their original contract terms, the Company would have recognized interest income of approximately $1,047,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020. Recognized interest income for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was higher than what otherwise would have been recognized in the period due to the collection of past due amounts. Interest cash flows collected on non-accrual loans vary from period to period as those loans are brought current or are paid off.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables provide details regarding delinquent loans.

June 30, 2020			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Amortized Cost)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	1,509,837	$	1,509,613	$	—	$	—	$	224	$	224	0.01	%
Commercial real estate	1,700,568		1,697,302		177		1,938		1,151		3,266		0.19
Commercial & industrial	2,138,462		2,134,726		—		3,258		478		3,736		0.17
Construction	1,334,948		1,331,595		—		—		3,353		3,353		0.25
Land - acquisition & development	152,234		152,234		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial loans	6,836,049		6,825,470		177		5,196		5,206		10,579		0.15
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	5,452,424		5,423,302		3,971		5,418		19,733		29,122		0.53
Construction - custom	278,182		278,182		—		—		—		—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	99,255		98,773		136		103		243		482		0.49
HELOC	141,165		140,445		14		17		689		720		0.51
Consumer	91,700		90,998		475		42		185		702		0.77
Total consumer loans	6,062,726		6,031,700		4,596		5,580		20,850		31,026		0.51
Total Loans	$	12,898,775	$	12,857,170	$	4,773	$	10,776	$	26,056	$	41,605	0.32	%
Delinquency %			99.68%		0.04%		0.08%		0.20%		0.32%

September 30, 2019			Days Delinquent Based on $ Amount of Loans										% based on $
Type of Loan	Loans Receivable (Net of Loans In Process)		Current		30		60		90		Total Delinquent
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial Loans
Multi-family	$	1,422,652	$	1,422,652	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Commercial real estate	1,631,171		1,625,509		1,614		285		3,763		5,662		0.35
Commercial & industrial	1,268,695		1,267,828		—		—		867		867		0.07
Construction	1,164,889		1,164,889		—		—		—		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	161,194		161,194		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial loans	5,648,601		5,642,072		1,614		285		4,630		6,529		0.12
Consumer Loans
Single-family residential	5,835,186		5,809,239		3,672		3,211		19,064		25,947		0.44
Construction - custom	255,505		255,505		—		—		—		—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	99,694		98,916		112		619		47		778		0.78
HELOC	142,178		140,718		580		183		697		1,460		1.03
Consumer	129,883		129,227		295		117		244		656		0.51
Total consumer loans	6,462,446		6,433,605		4,659		4,130		20,052		28,841		0.45
Total Loans	$	12,111,047	$	12,075,677	$	6,273	$	4,415	$	24,682	$	35,370	0.29	%
Delinquency %			99.71%		0.05%		0.04%		0.20%		0.29%

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company is actively working with its borrowers to modify consumer mortgage and commercial loans to provide payment deferrals as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The terms of the payment deferrals are generally 90 days for consumer mortgage loans and up to 180 days for commercial loans. As of June 30, 2020, 1,192 mortgage loans totaling $346,000,000 and 196 commercial loans totaling $416,000,000 had been modified. These loans are not considered past due until after the deferral period is over and scheduled payments have resumed. In addition, the Company participated in the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). This program came about through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) passed by Congress to help small businesses keep their employees employed through the COVID-19 shelter in place orders. The Company assisted over 6,500 businesses with more than $780,000,000 in PPP loans.

Most loans restructured in TDRs are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has proactively approached the Company about modification due to temporary financial difficulties. As of June 30, 2020, 97.0% of the Company's $98,056,000 in TDRs were classified as performing. Each request for modification is individually evaluated for merit and likelihood of success. The concession granted in a loan modification is typically a payment reduction through a rate reduction of between 100 to 200 basis points for a specific term, usually six to twenty four months. Interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period. Principal forgiveness is not an available option for restructured loans. As of June 30, 2020, single-family residential loans comprised 93.1% of TDRs.

The Company's ACL methodology takes into account the following performance indicators for restructured loans: 1) time since modification, 2) current payment status and 3) geographic area.

We evaluate the credit quality of our commercial loans based on regulatory risk ratings and also consider other factors. Based on this evaluation, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as follows:

•Pass – the credit does not meet one of the definitions below.

•Special mention – A special mention credit is considered to be currently protected from loss but is potentially weak. No loss of principal or interest is foreseen; however, proper supervision and management attention is required to deter further deterioration in the credit. Assets in this category constitute some undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a risk rating of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset.

•Substandard – A substandard credit is an unacceptable credit. Additionally, repayment in the normal course is in jeopardy due to the existence of one or more well defined weaknesses. In these situations, loss of principal is likely if the weakness is not corrected. A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified will have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of the debt. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets risk rated substandard.

•Doubtful – A credit classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.

•Loss – Credits classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Losses should be taken in the period in which they are identified as uncollectible. Partial charge-off versus full charge-off may be taken if the collateral offers some identifiable protection.

The following tables present by credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of loans receivable as of June 30, 2020.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD  June 30, 2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior to 2016		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Commercial loans
Multi-family
Pass	$	327,371	$	162,686	$	247,680	$	249,863	$	194,498	$	282,212	$	14,241	$	—	$	1,478,551
Special Mention	649		2,815		907		4,526		2,662		2,190		—		—		13,749
Substandard	—		7,575		3,627		3,813		2,298		224		—		—		17,537
Total	$	328,020	$	173,076	$	252,214	$	258,202	$	199,458	$	284,626	$	14,241	$	—	$	1,509,837
Commercial real estate
Pass	$	210,996	$	249,584	$	276,743	$	259,663	$	182,134	$	331,689	$	2,576	$	9	$	1,513,394
Special Mention	8,366		19,503		3,723		36,905		4,551		44,705		—		—		117,753
Substandard	746		17,809		2,717		11,958		6,408		29,783		—		—		69,421
Total	$	220,108	$	286,896	$	283,183	$	308,526	$	193,093	$	406,177	$	2,576	$	9	$	1,700,568
Commercial & industrial
Pass	$	851,652	$	50,997	$	110,901	$	90,081	$	127,232	$	78,217	$	618,287	$	14,022	$	1,941,389
Special Mention	25,104		6,660		5,559		4,262		69		—		11,626		6,467		59,747
Substandard	25,281		10,183		7,469		901		22,584		4,971		64,617		338		136,344
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		982		—		982
Total	$	902,037	$	67,840	$	123,929	$	95,244	$	149,885	$	83,188	$	695,512	$	20,827	$	2,138,462
Construction
Pass	$	236,202	$	448,569	$	292,349	$	152,785	$	12,011	$	—	$	75,712	$	—	$	1,217,628
Special Mention	—		—		49,173		—		42,346		—		—		—		91,519
Substandard	—		1,948		1,938		21,915		—		—		—		—		25,801
Total	$	236,202	$	450,517	$	343,460	$	174,700	$	54,357	$	—	$	75,712	$	—	$	1,334,948
Land - acquisition & development
Pass	$	37,348	$	49,670	$	19,098	$	16,443	$	4,240	$	2,131	$	5,313	$	—	$	134,243
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		15,573		—		—		15,573
Substandard	—		—		—		2,340		—		78		—		—		2,418
Total	$	37,348	$	49,670	$	19,098	$	18,783	$	4,240	$	17,782	$	5,313	$	—	$	152,234
Total commercial loans
Pass	$	1,663,569	$	961,506	$	946,771	$	768,835	$	520,115	$	694,249	$	716,129	$	14,031	$	6,285,205
Special Mention	34,119		28,978		59,362		45,693		49,628		62,468		11,626		6,467		298,341
Substandard	26,027		37,515		15,751		40,927		31,290		35,056		64,617		338		251,521
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		982		—		982
Total	$	1,723,715	$	1,027,999	$	1,021,884	$	855,455	$	601,033	$	791,773	$	793,354	$	20,836	$	6,836,049

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
	YTD  June 30, 2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior to 2016		Revolving Loans		Revolving to Term Loans		Total Loans
Consumer loans
Single-family residential
Current	$	574,443	$	560,153	$	660,961	$	802,722	$	581,978	$	2,243,045	$	—	$	—	$	5,423,302
30 days past due	—		—		464		—		—		3,507		—		—		3,971
60 days past due	—		—		—		159		—		5,259		—		—		5,418
90+ days past due	—		680		—		392		640		18,021		—		—		19,733
Total	$	574,443	$	560,833	$	661,425	$	803,273	$	582,618	$	2,269,832	$	—	$	—	$	5,452,424
Construction - custom
Current	$	113,100	$	154,502	$	9,830	$	750	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	278,182
Total	$	113,100	$	154,502	$	9,830	$	750	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	278,182
Land - consumer lot loans
Current	$	31,654	$	22,303	$	9,916	$	9,184	$	3,064	$	22,652	$	—	$	—	$	98,773
30 days past due	—		—		—		102		—		34		—		—		136
60 days past due	—		—		41		—		—		62		—		—		103
90+ days past due	—		—		—		122		—		121		—		—		243
Total	$	31,654	$	22,303	$	9,957	$	9,408	$	3,064	$	22,869	$	—	$	—	$	99,255
HELOC
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,966	$	132,156	$	1,323	$	140,445
30 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		14		—		14
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		17		—		17
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		39		650		—		689
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,005	$	132,837	$	1,323	$	141,165
Consumer
Current	$	1,121	$	246	$	66,175	$	78	$	340	$	20,593	$	807	$	1,638	$	90,998
30 days past due	—		—		—		175		—		263		—		37		475
60 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		20		—		22		42
90+ days past due	—		18		—		125		—		6		—		36		185
Total	$	1,121	$	264	$	66,175	$	378	$	340	$	20,882	$	807	$	1,733	$	91,700
Total consumer loans
Current	$	720,318	$	737,204	$	746,882	$	812,734	$	585,382	$	2,293,256	$	132,963	$	2,961	$	6,031,700
30 days past due	—		—		464		277		—		3,804		14		37		4,596
60 days past due	—		—		41		159		—		5,341		17		22		5,580
90+ days past due	—		698		—		639		640		18,187		650		36		20,850
Total	$	720,318	$	737,902	$	747,387	$	813,809	$	586,022	$	2,320,588	$	133,644	$	3,056	$	6,062,726

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE E – Allowance for Losses on Loans

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note A, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

As a result of the adoption of ASC 326 in the third fiscal quarter, with an effective date of October 1, 2019, there is a lack of comparability in both the allowance and provisions for credit losses for the periods presented. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2019 are presented using the CECL methodology, while comparative period information continues to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss methodology in effect for prior fiscal years. See Note B, "New Accounting Pronouncements", for details regarding the adoption of ASC 326.

	October 1, 2019		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		June 30, 2020
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	10,404	$	10,506	$	11,742	$	12,088
Commercial real estate	13,024		13,067		14,639		15,807
Commercial & industrial	32,235		33,676		38,576		42,179
Construction	22,768		21,919		23,348		25,693
Land - acquisition & development	10,904		10,413		10,399		10,641
Total commercial loans	89,335		89,581		98,704		106,408
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	47,771		46,356		46,817		47,149
Construction - custom	2,880		2,930		3,175		3,336
Land - consumer lot loans	2,635		2,567		2,578		2,671
HELOC	2,048		2,034		2,246		2,588
Consumer	4,615		4,045		3,581		3,197
Total consumer loans	59,949		57,932		58,397		58,941
Total allowance for loan losses	149,284		147,513		157,101		165,349
Reserve for unfunded commitments	17,650		18,250		18,650		19,500
Total allowance for credit losses	$	166,934	$	165,763	$	175,751	$	184,849
Beginning balance			$	166,934	$	165,763	$	175,751
Net (charge-offs) recoveries			2,579		1,788		(1,702)
Net provision (release)			(3,750)		8,200		10,800
Ending balance			$	165,763	$	175,751	$	184,849

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment and class. 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020	Beginning Allowance (After ASC 326 Adoption)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers		Ending Allowance (After ASC 326 Adoption)
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	11,742	$	—	$	—	$	346	$	12,088
Commercial real estate	14,639		—		193		975		15,807
Commercial & industrial	38,576		(3,034)		174		6,463		42,179
Construction	23,348		—		—		2,345		25,693
Land - acquisition & development	10,399		—		433		(191)		10,641
Total commercial loans	98,704		(3,034)		800		9,938		106,408
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	46,817		(60)		437		(45)		47,149
Construction - custom	3,175		—		—		161		3,336
Land - consumer lot loans	2,578		—		17		76		2,671
HELOC	2,246		—		1		341		2,588
Consumer	3,581		(233)		370		(521)		3,197
Total consumer loans	58,397		(293)		825		12		58,941
Total loans	$	157,101	$	(3,327)	$	1,625	$	9,950	$	165,349

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	Beginning Allowance (Before ASC 326 Adoption)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers		Ending Allowance (Before ASC 326 Adoption)
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	7,394	$	—	$	—	$	(111)	$	7,283
Commercial real estate	12,448		—		90		466		13,004
Commercial & industrial	30,574		(4,034)		3,218		1,313		31,071
Construction	33,396		—		—		661		34,057
Land - acquisition & development	9,734		(65)		2,025		(2,306)		9,388
Total commercial loans	93,546		(4,099)		5,333		23		94,803
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	31,476		(65)		47		56		31,514
Construction - custom	1,976		(339)		—		247		1,884
Land - consumer lot loans	2,076		(215)		—		171		2,032
HELOC	1,082		—		1		4		1,087
Consumer	2,930		(34)		307		(501)		2,702
Total consumer loans	39,540		(653)		355		(23)		39,219
Total loans	$	133,086	$	(4,752)	$	5,688	$	—	$	134,022

23

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020	Beginning Allowance (Before ASC 326 Adoption)		Impact of ASC 326 Adoption		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers		Ending Allowance (After ASC 326 Adoption)
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	7,391	$	3,013	$	—	$	498	$	1,186	$	12,088
Commercial real estate	13,170		(146)		(111)		1,581		1,313		15,807
Commercial & industrial	31,450		785		(3,213)		375		12,782		42,179
Construction	32,304		(9,536)		—		59		2,866		25,693
Land - acquisition & development	9,155		1,749		(11)		2,019		(2,271)		10,641
Total commercial loans	93,470		(4,135)		(3,335)		4,532		15,876		106,408
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	30,988		16,783		(75)		891		(1,438)		47,149
Construction - custom	1,369		1,511		—		—		456		3,336
Land - consumer lot loans	2,143		492		(147)		503		(320)		2,671
HELOC	1,103		945		—		95		445		2,588
Consumer	2,461		2,154		(838)		1,039		(1,619)		3,197
Total consumer loans	38,064		21,885		(1,060)		2,528		(2,476)		58,941
Total loans	$	131,534	$	17,750	$	(4,395)	$	7,060	$	13,400	$	165,349

Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019	Beginning Allowance (Before ASC 326 Adoption)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision & Transfers		Ending Allowance (Before ASC 326 Adoption)
	(In thousands)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	8,329	$	—	$	—	$	(1,046)	$	7,283
Commercial real estate	11,852		(339)		860		631		13,004
Commercial & industrial	28,702		(4,499)		3,276		3,592		31,071
Construction	31,317		—		—		2,740		34,057
Land - acquisition & development	7,978		(65)		5,107		(3,632)		9,388
Total commercial loans	88,178		(4,903)		9,243		2,285		94,803
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	33,033		(238)		586		(1,867)		31,514
Construction - custom	1,842		(339)		—		381		1,884
Land - consumer lot loans	2,164		(336)		265		(61)		2,032
HELOC	781		(1,086)		45		1,347		1,087
Consumer	3,259		(506)		784		(835)		2,702
Total consumer loans	41,079		(2,505)		1,680		(1,035)		39,219
Total loans	$	129,257	$	(7,408)	$	10,923	$	1,250	$	134,022

24

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Primarily due to the continued economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company recorded a $10,800,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with no provision being recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2019. A provision for credit losses of $15,250,000 and $250,000 was recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively. The relatively significant credit loss provisions for the three months ended and nine months ended June 30, 2020 are due to COVID-19 related factors including estimated impacts to the energy, hospitality, restaurant and senior living industries. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $1,702,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net recoveries of $936,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Recoveries, net of charge-offs, totaled $2,665,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net recoveries of $3,515,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2019. No allowance was recorded as of June 30, 2020 for the $758,955,000 of PPP loans, which are included in the commercial & industrial loan category, due to the government guarantee.

Non-performing assets were $44,630,000, or 0.25% of total assets, at June 30, 2020, compared to $43,826,000, or 0.27% of total assets, at September 30, 2019. Non-accrual loans were $35,001,000 at June 30, 2020, compared to $33,731,000 at September 30, 2019. Delinquencies, as a percent of total loans, were 0.32% at June 30, 2020, compared to 0.29% at September 30, 2019.

The following table shows loans collectively and individually evaluated for impairment and the related allocation of general and specific reserves.

September 30, 2019	Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment						Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment
	Allowance Allocation		Recorded Investment of Loans		Ratio		Allowance Allocation		Recorded Investment of Loans		Ratio
	(In thousands, except ratio data)						(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	7,387	$	1,422,266	0.5	%	$	4	$	385	1.0	%
Commercial real estate	12,847		1,618,406		0.8		323		12,765		2.5
Commercial & industrial	31,358		1,266,913		2.5		92		1,805		5.1
Construction	32,304		1,164,889		2.8		—		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	9,135		160,964		5.7		20		230		8.7
Total commercial loans	93,031		5,633,438		1.7		439		15,185		2.9
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	30,988		5,822,200		0.5		—		17,978		—
Construction - custom	1,369		255,505		0.5		—		—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	2,143		95,574		2.2		—		375		—
HELOC	1,103		140,378		0.8		—		837		0.0
Consumer	2,461		129,527		1.9		—		50		0.0
Total consumer loans	38,064		6,443,184		0.6		—		19,240		—
Total loans	$	131,095	$	12,076,622	1.1	%	$	439	$	34,425	1.3	%

The Company has an asset quality review function that analyzes its loan portfolio and reports the results of the review to its Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The single-family residential, HELOC and consumer portfolios are evaluated based on their performance as a pool of loans, since no single loan is individually significant or judged by its risk rating, size or potential risk of loss. The construction, land, multi-family, commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are risk rated on a loan by loan basis to determine the relative risk inherent in specific borrowers or loans. Based on that risk rating, the loans are assigned a grade and classified as described in Note D "Loans Receivable."

25

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides the amortized cost of loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

June 30, 2020	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	1,478,551		$	13,749		$	17,537		$	—		$	—		$	1,509,837
Commercial real estate	1,513,394			117,753			69,421			—			—			1,700,568
Commercial & industrial	1,941,389			59,747			136,344			982			—			2,138,462
Construction	1,217,628			91,519			25,801			—			—			1,334,948
Land - acquisition & development	134,243			15,573			2,418			—			—			152,234
Total commercial loans	6,285,205			298,341			251,521			982			—			6,836,049
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	5,426,365			—			26,059			—			—			5,452,424
Construction - custom	278,182			—			—			—			—			278,182
Land - consumer lot loans	98,976			—			279			—			—			99,255
HELOC	138,695			—			2,470			—			—			141,165
Consumer	91,685			—			15			—			—			91,700
Total consumer loans	6,033,903			—			28,823			—			—			6,062,726
Total	$	12,319,108		$	298,341		$	280,344		$	982		$	—		$	12,898,775
Total grade as a % of total loans	95.51		%	2.31		%	2.17		%	0.01		%	—		%

26

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides gross loans receivable based on risk rating categories as previously defined.

September 30, 2019	Internally Assigned Grade
	Pass			Special mention			Substandard			Doubtful			Loss			Total Gross Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Loan type
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	1,418,837		$	—		$	3,837		$	—		$	—		$	1,422,674
Commercial real estate	1,602,634			2,754			25,782			—			—			1,631,170
Commercial & industrial	1,229,891			18,125			20,679			—			—			1,268,695
Construction	2,038,052			—			—			—			—			2,038,052
Land - acquisition & development	200,283			—			3,824			—			—			204,107
Total commercial loans	6,489,697			20,879			54,122			—			—			6,564,698
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	5,808,444			—			26,750			—			—			5,835,194
Construction - custom	540,741			—			—			—			—			540,741
Land - consumer lot loans	98,828			—			866			—			—			99,694
HELOC	141,271			—			907			—			—			142,178
Consumer	129,872			—			11			—			—			129,883
Total consumer loans	6,719,156			—			28,534			—			—			6,747,690
Total gross loans	$	13,208,853		$	20,879		$	82,656		$	—		$	—		$	13,312,388
Total grade as a % of total gross loans	99.22		%	0.16		%	0.62		%	—		%	—		%

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides information on amortized cost of loans receivable based on borrower payment activity.

June 30, 2020	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Loans		Amount		% of Total Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	1,509,613	100.0	%	$	224	—	%
Commercial real estate	1,697,152		99.8		3,416		0.2
Commercial & industrial	2,136,615		99.9		1,847		0.1
Construction	1,331,595		99.7		3,353		0.3
Land - acquisition & development	152,156		99.9		78		0.1
Total commercial loans	6,827,131		99.9		8,918		0.1
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	5,427,548		99.5		24,876		0.5
Construction - custom	278,182		100.0		—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	98,978		99.7		277		0.3
HELOC	140,299		99.4		866		0.6
Consumer	91,636		99.9		64		0.1
Total consumer loans	6,036,643		99.6		26,083		0.4
Total loans	$	12,863,774	99.7	%	$	35,001	0.3	%

The following table provides information on gross loans based on borrower payment activity.

September 30, 2019	Performing Loans				Non-Performing Loans
	Amount		% of Total Gross  Loans		Amount		% of Total Gross  Loans
	(In thousands, except ratio data)
Multi-family	$	1,422,674	100.0	%	$	—	—	%
Commercial real estate	1,625,335		99.6		5,835		0.4
Commercial & industrial	1,267,403		99.9		1,292		0.1
Construction	2,038,052		100.0		—		—
Land - acquisition & development	203,938		99.9		169		0.1
Single-family residential	5,809,923		99.6		25,271		0.4
Construction - custom	540,741		100.0		—		—
Land - consumer lot loans	99,448		99.8		246		0.2
HELOC	141,271		99.4		907		0.6
Consumer	129,872		100.0		11		0.0
Total loans	$	13,278,657	99.7	%	$	33,731	0.3	%

The following table provide information on impaired loan balances and the related allowances by loan types. 

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(UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2019	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance			Average Recorded Investment (Year-To-Date)
	(In thousands)
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:
Multi-family	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	286
Commercial real estate	7,467		11,881		—			8,890
Commercial & industrial	1,114		5,312		—			7,168
Construction	—		—		—			1,172
Land - acquisition & development	78		143		—			290
Single-family residential	17,979		19,252		—			16,685
Construction - custom	—		—		—			251
Land - consumer lot loans	344		848		—			287
HELOC	837		931		—			597
Consumer	50		119		—			23
Total loans with no related allowance	27,869		38,486		—			35,649
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded:
Multi-family	385		385		4			418
Commercial real estate	4,168		5,298		323			5,160
Commercial & industrial	426		691		92			2,535
Construction	—		—		—			—
Land - acquisition & development	91		152		—			99
Single-family residential	112,042		114,609		2,208			125,976
Construction - custom	—		—		—			—
Land - consumer lot loans	3,556		3,695		20			4,324
HELOC	949		963		—			961
Consumer	60		282		—			65
Total loans with an allowance	121,677		126,075		2,647		(1)	139,538
Total impaired loans:
Multi-family	385		385		4			704
Commercial real estate	11,635		17,179		323			14,050
Commercial & industrial	1,540		6,003		92			9,703
Construction	—		—		—			1,172
Land - acquisition & development	169		295		—			389
Single-family residential	130,021		133,861		2,208			142,661
Construction - custom	—		—		—			251
Land - consumer lot loans	3,900		4,543		20			4,611
HELOC	1,786		1,894		—			1,558
Consumer	110		401		—			88
Total impaired loans	$	149,546	$	164,561	$	2,647	(1)	$	175,187

(1)Includes $439,000 of specific reserves and $2,208,000 included in the general reserves.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE F – Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active exchange markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company has established and documented the process for determining the fair values of its assets and liabilities, where applicable. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available, for identical or similar assets or liabilities. In the absence of quoted market prices, fair value is determined using valuation models or third-party appraisals. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to measure and report the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Measured on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-Sale Securities and Derivative Contracts

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of debt securities are priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and under GAAP are considered a Level 2 input method. Securities that are traded on active exchanges are measured using the closing price in an active market and are considered a Level 1 input method.

The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counter party to offset its interest rate risk. The Company has also entered into commercial loan hedges, mortgage pool hedges and borrowings hedges using interest rate swaps. The fair value of these interest rate swaps are estimated by a third party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique. These are considered a Level 2 input method.

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

	June 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	669,905	$	—	$	669,905
Municipal bonds	—		38,041		—		38,041
Corporate debt securities	—		322,000		—		322,000
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		1,034,014		—		1,034,014
Total available-for-sale securities	—		2,063,960		—		2,063,960
Client swap program hedges	—		47,972		—		47,972
Total financial assets	$	—	$	2,111,932	$	—	$	2,111,932
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	47,972	$	—	$	47,972
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		9,090		—		9,090
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		17,605		—		17,605
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		25,235		—		25,235
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	99,902	$	—	$	99,902

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	—	$	270,778	$	—	$	270,778
Municipal bonds	—		22,642		—		22,642
Corporate debt securities	—		209,763		—		209,763
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	—		982,559		—		982,559
Total available-for-sale securities	—		1,485,742		—		1,485,742
Client swap program hedges	—		20,381		—		20,381
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	—		1,608		—		1,608
Total financial assets	$	—	$	1,507,731	$	—	$	1,507,731
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges	$	—	$	20,381	$	—	$	20,381
Commercial loan fair value hedges	—		4,288		—		4,288
Borrowings cash flow hedges	—		7,877		—		7,877
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	32,546	$	—	$	32,546

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis after initial recognition such as collateral dependent loans and real estate owned ("REO"). REO consists principally of properties acquired through foreclosure. From time to time, and on a nonrecurring basis, adjustments using fair value measurements are recorded to reflect increases or decreases based on the discounted cash flows, the current appraisal or estimated value of the collateral or REO property.

When management determines that the fair value of the collateral or the real estate owned requires additional adjustments, either as a result of an updated appraised value or when there is no observable market price, the Company classifies the collateral dependent loan or real estate owned as Level 3. Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2020 included loans for which an allowance was established or a partial charge-off was recorded based on the fair value of collateral, as well as real estate owned where the fair value of the property was less than the cost basis.

The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.

	June 30, 2020								Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	2,277	$	2,277	$	(3,260)	$	(3,805)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		3,882		3,882		(284)		(141)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	6,159	$	6,159	$	(3,544)	$	(3,946)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of REO.

	June 30, 2019								Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level  2		Level  3		Total		Total Gains (Losses)
	(In thousands)								(In thousands)
Impaired loans (1)	$	—	$	—	$	6,007	$	6,007	$	(4,383)	$	(5,619)
Real estate owned (2)	—		—		3,084		3,084		(5)		394
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	9,091	$	9,091	$	(4,388)	$	(5,225)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.

(2)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of REO.

At June 30, 2020, there were $1,346,000 in foreclosed residential real estate properties held as REO. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $4,104,000.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the statement of financial condition, for which it is practicable to estimate those values. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value estimates presented do not reflect the underlying fair value of the Company. Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below. 

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NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

		June 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
		($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	1,218,240	$	1,218,240	$	419,158	$	419,158
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities	2	669,905		669,905		270,778		270,778
Municipal bonds	2	38,041		38,041		22,642		22,642
Corporate debt securities	2	322,000		322,000		209,763		209,763
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	1,034,014		1,034,014		982,559		982,559
Total available-for-sale securities		2,063,960		2,063,960		1,485,742		1,485,742
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	2	820,304		847,510		1,428,480		1,448,088
Commercial MBS	2	7,012		6,907		15,000		15,007
Total held-to-maturity securities		827,316		854,417		1,443,480		1,463,095
Loans receivable	3	12,733,426		13,318,026		11,930,575		12,617,600
FHLB and FRB stock	2	145,990		145,990		123,990		123,990
Other assets - client swap program hedges	2	47,972		47,972		20,381		20,381
Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges	2	—		—		1,608		1,608
Financial liabilities
Time deposits	2	4,209,146		4,200,715		4,906,963		4,937,847
FHLB advances	2	2,800,000		2,808,567		2,250,000		2,282,887
Other liabilities - client swap program hedges	2	47,972		47,972		20,381		20,381
Other liabilities - mortgage loan fair value hedges	2	17,605		17,605		—		—
Other liabilities - commercial loan fair value hedges	2	9,090		9,090		4,288		4,288
Other liabilities - borrowings cash flow hedges	2	25,235		25,235		7,877		7,877

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount of these items is a reasonable estimate of their fair value. 

Available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities – Securities at fair value are primarily priced using model pricing based on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices as provided by an independent third party, and are considered a Level 2 input method. Equity securities that are exchange traded are considered a Level 1 input method.

Loans receivable – Fair values are estimated first by stratifying the portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as multi-family real estate, residential mortgage, construction, commercial, consumer and land loans. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed- and adjustable-rate interest terms. For residential mortgages and multi-family loans, the bank determined that its best exit price was by securitization. MBS benchmark prices are used as a base price, with further loan level pricing adjustments made based on individual loan characteristics such as FICO score, LTV, Property Type and occupancy. For all other loan categories an estimate of fair value is then calculated based on discounted cash flows using a discount rate offered and observed in the market on similar products, plus an adjustment for liquidity to reflect the non-homogeneous nature of the loans, as well as, a annual loss rate based on historical losses to arrive at an estimated exit price fair value. Fair value for impaired loans is also based on recent appraisals or estimated cash flows discounted using rates

33

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

commensurate with risk associated with the estimated cash flows. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information.

FHLB and FRB stock – The fair value is based upon the par value of the stock that equates to its carrying value.

Time deposits – The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

FHLB advances – The fair value of FHLB advances and other borrowings is estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar remaining maturities.

Interest rate swaps – The Company offers interest rate swaps to its variable rate borrowers who want to manage their interest rate risk. At the same time, the Company enters into the opposite trade with a counterparty to offset its interest rate risk. The Company also uses interest rate swaps for various fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. The fair value of these interest rate swaps is estimated by a third party pricing service using a discounted cash flow technique.

The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.

	June 30, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
5 to 10 years	$	59,799	$	416	$	(2,203)	$	58,012	1.26	%
Over 10 years	616,095		74		(4,276)		611,893		1.18
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year	71,064		66		(63)		71,067		0.68
1 to 5 years	128,325		3,256		(849)		130,732		2.04
5 to 10 years	117,000		3,201		—		120,201		1.70
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years	1,453		41		—		1,494		—
Over 10 years	36,066		534		(53)		36,547		5.40
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	992,612		42,125		(723)		1,034,014		2.96
	2,022,414		49,713		(8,167)		2,063,960		2.20
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	820,304		27,206		—		847,510		3.16
Commercial MBS	7,012		—		(105)		6,907		1.06
	827,316		27,206		(105)		854,417		3.14
	$	2,849,730	$	76,919	$	(8,272)	$	2,918,377	2.47	%

34

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	September 30, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized					Fair Value		Yield
			Gains		Losses
	($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
5 to 10 years	$	65,287	$	39		$	(629)	$	64,697	2.43	%
Over 10 years	207,067		1			(987)		206,081		3.02
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year	43,903		411			—		44,314		3.65
1 to 5 years	70,000		689			(50)		70,639		3.29
5 to 10 years	92,931		1,879			—		94,810		3.27
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years	1,430		14			—		1,444		1.94
Over 10 years	20,303		895			—		21,198		6.45
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	957,150		26,533			(1,124)		982,559		3.29
	1,458,071		30,461			(2,790)		1,485,742		3.27
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates	1,428,480		19,945			(337)		1,448,088		3.15
Commercial MBS	15,000		7			—		15,007		2.89
	1,443,480		19,952			(337)		1,463,095		3.15
	$	2,901,551	$	50,413		$	(3,127)	$	2,948,837	3.21	%

During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, as permitted in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2019-04, the Company reclassified $374,680,000 of prepayable debt securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale. For available-for-sale investment securities, there were purchases of $684,292,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and purchases of $327,670,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2019. There were sales totaling $204,351,000 of available-for-sale investment securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and sales of $491,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2019. For held-to-maturity investment securities, there were no purchases during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and no purchases during the nine months ended June 30, 2019. There were no sales of held-to-maturity investment securities during either period. Substantially all of the agency mortgage-backed securities have contractual due dates that exceed 10 years.

The Company elected to exclude AIR from the amortized cost basis of debt securities disclosed throughout this footnote. For AFS securities, AIR totaled $4,154,000 and $3,712,000 as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. For HTM debt securities, AIR totaled $2,126,000 and $3,716,000 as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. AIR is included in the “accrued interest receivable” line item on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition.

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 51 and 41 securities with an unrealized loss as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The decline in fair value since purchase is attributable to changes in interest rates. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and does not consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

35

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

June 30, 2020	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	(200)	$	71,304	$	(712)	$	49,288	$	(912)	$	120,592
Municipal bonds	(53)		9,905		—		—		(53)		9,905
U.S. government and agency securities	(2,647)		276,942		(3,832)		160,648		(6,479)		437,590
Mortgage-backed securities	(145)		49,214		(578)		103,179		(723)		152,393
	(3,045)		407,365		(5,122)		313,115		(8,167)		720,480
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	(105)		6,907		—		—		(105)		6,907
	$	(3,150)	$	414,272	$	(5,122)	$	313,115	$	(8,272)	$	727,387

September 30, 2019	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Gross Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	—	$	(50)	$	24,950	$	(50)	$	24,950
U.S. government and agency securities	(656)		152,715		(960)		77,391		(1,616)		230,106
Mortgage-backed securities	(148)		87,895		(976)		155,620		(1,124)		243,515
	(804)		240,610		(1,986)		257,961		(2,790)		498,571
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		(337)		115,182		(337)		115,182
	$	(804)	$	240,610	$	(2,323)	$	373,143	$	(3,127)	$	613,753

Substantially all of the Company’s held-to-maturity debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities upon adoption of ASC 326 on October 1, 2019 or as of June 30, 2020.

The Company does not believe that the available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position have any credit loss impairment upon adoption of ASC 326 on October 1, 2019 or as of June 30, 2020. The Company does not intend to sell the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Available-for-sale debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. Corporate debt securities and municipal bonds are considered to have issuer(s) of high credit quality (rated AA or higher) and the decline in fair value is due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The issuer(s) continues to make timely principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bond(s) approach maturity.

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE G – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following tables present the fair value, notional amount and balance sheet classification of derivative assets and liabilities at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019.

June 30, 2020	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	526,301	$	47,972	Other liabilities	$	526,301	$	47,972
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	93,316		9,090
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	500,000		17,605
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	1,600,000		25,235
		$	526,301	$	47,972		$	2,719,617	$	99,902

September 30, 2019	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contract purpose	Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Notional		Fair Value
	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Client swap program hedges	Other assets	$	425,607	$	20,381	Other liabilities	$	425,607	$	20,381
Commercial loan fair value hedges	Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	95,645		4,288
Mortgage loan fair value hedges	Other assets	200,000		1,608		Other liabilities	—		—
Borrowings cash flow hedges	Other assets	—		—		Other liabilities	700,000		7,877
		$	625,607	$	21,989		$	1,221,252	$	32,546

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk. These arrangements include hedges of individual fixed rate commercial loans and also hedges of a specified portion of pools of prepayable fixed rate mortgage loans under the "last of layer" method. These relationships qualify as fair value hedges under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"), which provides for offsetting of the recognition of gains and losses of the respective interest rate swap and the hedged items. Gains and losses on interest rate swaps designated in these hedge relationships, along with the offsetting gains and losses on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings within the same income statement line item.

Upon electing to apply ASC 815 fair value hedge accounting, the carrying value of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect the cumulative impact of changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk. The hedge basis adjustment remains with the hedged item until the hedged item is de-recognized from the balance sheet. The following tables present the impact of fair value hedge accounting on the carrying value of the hedged items at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019.

June 30, 2020
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
	(In thousands)
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	2,855,203	$	26,830
	$	2,855,203	$	26,830

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At June 30, 2020, the

37

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $2,752,843,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $17,605,000, and the amount of the designated hedged items was $500,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At June 30, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $102,360,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $9,225,000.

September 30, 2019
Balance sheet line item in which hedged item is recorded	Carrying value of hedged items		Cumulative gain (loss) fair value hedge adjustment included in carrying amount of hedged items
	(In thousands)
Loans receivable (1) (2)	$	1,612,208	$	2,680
	$	1,612,208	$	2,680

(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of the closed mortgage loan portfolios used to designate the hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationships. At September 30, 2019, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolios used in the hedging relationships was $1,520,647,000, the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $(1,608,000), and the amount of the designated hedged items was $200,000,000.

(2) Includes the amortized cost basis of commercial loans designated in fair value hedging relationships. At September 30, 2019, the amortized cost basis of the hedged commercial loans was $91,561,000 and the cumulative basis adjustment associated with the hedging relationships was $4,288,000.

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to convert certain short-term borrowings to fixed rate payments. The primary purpose of these hedges is to mitigate the risk of changes in future cash flows resulting from increasing interest rates. For qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815, gains and losses on the interest rate swaps are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and then reclassified into earnings in the same period the hedged cash flows affect earnings and within the same income statement line item as the hedged cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, the maturities for hedges of adjustable rate borrowings ranged from less than one to ten years, with the weighted average being 6.9 years.

The following tables present the gain (loss) recognized in AOCI on derivative instruments related to cash flow hedges on borrowings for the periods presented.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	2020		2019
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	(8,045)	$	(10,043)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(8,045)	$	(10,043)

38

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)	Nine Months Ended June 30,
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	2020		2019
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps on borrowings cash flow hedges	$	(17,358)	$	(26,692)
Total pre-tax gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI	$	(17,358)	$	(26,692)

The following tables present the gain (loss) on derivative instruments in fair value and cash flow accounting hedging relationships under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020				Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	132,847	$	(10,938)	$	145,490	$	(17,829)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	(306)			$	50
Recognized on derivatives	(4,030)				(2,491)
Recognized on hedged items	3,999				2,489
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	(337)			$	48
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	1,046			$	(817)
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	1,046			$	(817)

39

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020				Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances		Interest income on loans receivable		Interest expense on FHLB advances
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges	$	413,543	$	(37,963)	$	423,616	$	(52,566)
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives	$	(492)			$	127
Recognized on derivatives	(24,014)				(6,409)
Recognized on hedged items	24,072				6,369
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges	$	(434)			$	87
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate contracts
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives			$	1,330			$	(2,222)
Amount of derivative gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income/expense			—				—
Net income/(expense) recognized on cash flow hedges			$	1,330			$	(2,222)

The Company periodically enters into certain interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rate payments, while the Company retains a variable rate loan. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable rate loan agreement and a swap agreement with the client. The swap agreement effectively converts the client’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate. The Company enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to offset its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the client's swap agreement. The interest rate swaps are derivatives under ASC 815, with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. There was no net impact to the statement of operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 as the changes in fair value of the receive fixed swap and pay fixed swap offset each other.

The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments (client swap program) that are not designated in accounting hedges under ASC 815 for the periods presented.

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended June 30,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2020		2019
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	(4,815)	$	(11,091)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	4,815		11,091
		$	—	$	—

40

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)		Nine Months Ended June 30,
Derivative instruments	Classification of gain/(loss) recognized in income on derivative instrument	2020		2019
Interest rate contracts:
Pay fixed/receive floating swap	Other noninterest income	$	(27,591)	$	(26,643)
Receive fixed/pay floating swap	Other noninterest income	27,591		26,643
		$	—	$	—

41

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE H – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Since net interest income on financial assets and liabilities is outside the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), a significant majority of our revenues are not subject to that guidance.

Revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within non-interest income and are, in general, recognized as revenue at the same time the Company's obligation to the customer is satisfied. Most of the Company's customer contracts that are within the scope of the new guidance are cancelable by either party without penalty and are short-term in nature. These sources of revenue include depositor and other consumer and business banking fees, commission income, as well as debit and credit card interchange fees. In scope revenue streams represented approximately 4.8% of our total revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 5.0% for the nine months ended June 30, 2019. As this standard is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements, the Company has omitted certain disclosures in ASC 606, including the disaggregation of revenue table. Sources of non-interest income within the scope of the guidance include the following:

Deposit related and other service charges (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company's deposit accounts are governed by standardized contracts customary in the industry. Revenues are earned at a point in time or over time (monthly) from account maintenance fees and charges for specific transactions such as wire transfers, stop payment orders, overdrafts, debit card replacements, check orders and cashier’s checks. The Company’s performance obligation related to each of these fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, at the time the service is provided (point in time or monthly). The Company is principal in each of these contracts.

Debit and Credit Card Interchange Fees (recognized in Deposit fee income) - The Company receives interchange fees from the debit card or credit card payment network based on transactions involving debit or credit cards issued by the Company, generally measured as a percentage of the underlying transaction. Interchange fees from debit and credit card transactions are recognized as the transaction processing services are provided by the network. The Company acts as an agent in the card payment network arrangement so the interchange fees are recorded net of any expenses paid to the principal (the card payment network in this case).

Insurance Agency Commissions (recognized in Other income) - WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Washington Federal Bank, N.A. that operates as an insurance agency, selling and marketing property and casualty insurance policies for a small number of high-quality insurance carriers. WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. earns revenue in the form of commissions paid by the insurance carriers for policies that have been sold. In addition to the origination commission, WAFD Insurance Group, Inc. may also receive contingent incentive fees based on the volume of business generated for the insurance carrier and based on policy renewal rates.

NOTE I – Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments - The Company’s lease commitments consist primarily of real estate property for branches and office space under various non-cancellable operating leases that expire between 2020 and 2070. The majority of the leases contain renewal options and provisions for increases in rental rates based on a predetermined schedule or an agreed upon index. If, at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The future lease payments are discounted at a rate that represents the Company's collateralized borrowing rate for financing instruments of a similar term and are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities. The related right-of-use asset is included in Other assets.

42

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The table below presents the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset and the related lease liability.

(In thousands)	June 30, 2020
Operating lease asset	$	29,132
Operating lease liability	$	30,658

As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s operating leases have a weighted average remaining lease term of 8.8 years and a weighted average discount rate of 2.0%. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the above operating lease liability was $4,898,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities during the same period were $4,298,000.

The following table presents the components of net lease costs, a component of Occupancy expense. The Company elected not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead account for them as a single lease component. Variable lease costs include subsequent increases in index-based rents and variable payments such as common area maintenance.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30,		Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,649	$	4,922
Variable lease cost	413		968
Sublease income	(86)		(265)
Net lease cost	$	1,976	$	5,625

The following table shows future minimum payments for operating leases as of June 30, 2020 for the respective periods.

(In thousands)	Year ending September 30,
remainder of 2020	$	1,527
2021	5,865
2022	5,372
2023	4,793
2024	4,016
Thereafter	12,083
Total minimum payments	33,656
Amounts representing interest	(2,998)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	30,658

43

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Future minimum lease payments for the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2019, prior to the adoption of the new lease guidance, were as follows.

(In thousands)	Year ending September 30,
2020	$	5,838
2021	5,246
2022	4,698
2023	4,302
2024	3,596
Thereafter	10,531
Total minimum payments	$	34,211

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk - The only material off-balance-sheet credit exposures are loans in process and unused lines of credit, which had a combined balance of $2,235,184,000 and $2,379,089,000 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The reserve was $19,500,000 as of June 30, 2020, which is an increase from $6,900,000 at September 30, 2019. See Note A "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for details regarding the reserve methodology.

Legal Proceedings - The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time defendants in and are threatened with various legal proceedings arising from regular business activities. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, is of the opinion that the ultimate liability, if any, resulting from these pending or threatened actions and proceedings will not have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.

44

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I – Financial Information

Item 2.                Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Washington Federal, Inc. (the "Company" or "Washington Federal") makes statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that constitute forward-looking statements. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “projects” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to help identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not historical facts, but instead represent current expectations, plans or forecasts of the Company and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company and the information available to management at the time that these disclosures were prepared. The Company intends for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and often are beyond the Company's control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the Company's forward-looking statements.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this report, including under Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” the Risk Factors included in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019, and in any of the Company's other subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings, which could cause the Company's future results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, goals, estimates, intentions and expectations expressed in forward-looking statements:

•a deterioration in economic conditions, including declines in the real estate market and home sale volumes and financial stress on borrowers (consumers and businesses) as a result of the uncertain economic environment;

•the effects of natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events and pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), including on our asset credit quality and business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions;

•the effects of a severe economic downturn, including high unemployment rates and declines in housing prices and property values, in the Company's primary market areas;

•the effects of and changes in monetary and fiscal policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the U.S. Government;

•fluctuations in interest rate risk and changes in market interest rates, including risk related to LIBOR reform;

•the Company's ability to make accurate assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and the value of the assets securing these loans;

•legislative and regulatory limitations, including those arising under the Dodd-Frank Act and potential limitations

in the manner in which the Company conducts its business and undertakes new investments and activities;

•the ability of the Company to obtain external financing to fund its operations or obtain this financing on favorable terms;

•changes in other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and technological factors affecting the Company's markets, operations, pricing, products, services and fees;

•the success of the Company at managing the risks involved in the remediation efforts associated with its Bank Secrecy Act ("BSA") program, costs of enhancements to the Bank’s BSA program are greater than anticipated; and governmental authorities undertake enforcement actions or legal proceedings with respect to the Bank’s BSA program beyond those contemplated by the Consent Order, and the potential impact of such matters on the success, timing and ability to pursue the Company’s growth or other business initiatives;

•the success of the Company at managing the risks involved in the foregoing and managing its business; and

•the timing and occurrence or non-occurrence of events that may be subject to circumstances beyond the Company's control.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, changes to future operating results over time, or the impact of circumstances arising after the date the forward-looking statement was made.

45

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

GENERAL & BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Washington Federal Bank, National Association, a federally-insured national bank dba WaFd Bank (the “Bank” or “WaFd Bank”), was founded on April 24, 1917 in Ballard, Washington and is engaged primarily in providing lending, depository, insurance and other banking services to consumers, mid-sized to large businesses, and owners and developers of commercial real estate. Washington Federal, Inc., a Washington corporation (the “Company”), was formed as the Bank’s holding company in November, 1994. As used throughout this document, the terms “Washington Federal” or the “Company” refer to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Bank” refers to the operating subsidiary, Washington Federal Bank, National Association. The Company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington.

The Company's fiscal year end is September 30^th. All references to 2019 represent balances as of September 30, 2019 or activity for the fiscal year then ended.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company has determined that the only accounting policy critical to an understanding of the consolidated financial statements of Washington Federal relates to the methodology for determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The Company maintains an allowance based on the expected credit losses over the contractual life of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The allowance is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management.

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). The ASC, as amended is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income.

The Company early adopted ASC 326 during its third fiscal quarter and based on the application of the modified retrospective method it became effective on October 1, 2019 for all financial assets measured at amortized cost (primarily loans receivable and held-to-maturity debt securities) and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a decrease to retained earnings of $21,945,000 as of October 1, 2019 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326.

As a result of our adoption of ASC 326, our methodology for estimating the ACL changed significantly from September 30, 2019. The adoption of this standard affects all interim periods for fiscal year 2020, and results in a determination of an adoption impact as of October 1, 2019. The standard replaced the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” approach known as current expected credit loss (“CECL”). The CECL methodology requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures) and it removes the incurred loss methodology’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was “probable” a loss event was deemed to be “incurred.”

The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was based. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Management’s determination of the amount of the ACL is a critical accounting estimate as it requires significant reliance on the credit risk we ascribe to individual borrowers, the use of estimates and significant judgment as to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on criticized loans, significant reliance on historical loss rates on homogenous portfolios, consideration of our quantitative and qualitative evaluation of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts.

Going forward, the impact of utilizing the CECL methodology to calculate the ACL will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility in our reported earnings. See Notes A, B, D and E to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the “Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses” section below for more information on loans receivable and the allowance for credit losses.

46

WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ASSET QUALITY & ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The Company maintains an ACL for the expected credit losses over the contractual life of the loan portfolio as well as unfunded loan commitments. The amount of ACL is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management.

The ACL consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period that historical experience was based for each loan type. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable.

Portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its ACL. The Company has designated two loan portfolio segments, commercial loans and consumer loans. These loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes, which represent loans of similar type, risk characteristics, and methods for monitoring and assessing credit risk. The commercial loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, and land acquisition and development. The risk of loss for the commercial loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by the credit risk rating assigned to each borrower. Commercial loan risk ratings are determined by experienced senior credit officers based on specific facts and circumstances and are subject to periodic review by an independent internal team of credit specialists. The consumer loan portfolio segment is disaggregated into five classes: single-family-residential mortgage, custom construction, consumer lot loans, home equity lines of credit, and other consumer. The risk of loss for the consumer loan portfolio segment is generally most indicated by delinquency status and general economic factors. Each commercial and consumer loan portfolio class may also be further segmented based on risk characteristics.

For most of our loan portfolio classes, the historical loss experience is determined using a cohort methodology. This method pools loans into groups (“cohorts”) sharing similar risk characteristics and tracks each cohort’s net charge-offs over the lives of the loans to calculate a historical loss rate. The historical loss rates for each cohort are then averaged to calculate an overall historical loss rate which is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class. For certain loan portfolio classes, the Company determined there was not sufficient historical loss information to calculate a meaningful historical loss rate using the cohort methodology. For any such loan portfolio class, the weighted-average remaining maturity (“WARM”) methodology is being utilized until sufficient historical loss data is obtained. The WARM method multiplies an average annual loss rate by the expected remaining life of the loan pool to arrive at the quantitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses for the respective loan portfolio class.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the historical loss rate for each loan portfolio class. The qualitative adjustments for each loan class consider the conditions over the period from which historical loss experience was based and are split into two components: 1) asset or class specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date related to portfolio credit quality, remaining payments, volume and nature, credit culture and management, business environment or other management factors and 2) reasonable and supportable forecast of future economic conditions and collateral values.

The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans, risk rating migration, delinquencies, etc. The asset quality review is performed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative overlay to the quantitative baseline. The second qualitative adjustment noted above, economic conditions and collateral values, encompasses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The overlay adjustment for the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes an immediate reversion after the one-year forecast period to historical loss rates for the remaining life of the respective loan pool.

When management deems it to be appropriate, the Company establishes a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in each respective loan pool. These individually evaluated loans are removed from their respective pools and typically represent collateral dependent loans but may also include other non-performing loans or troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). In addition, the Company individually evaluates “reasonably expected” TDRs, which are identified by the Company as a loan expected to be classified as a TDR within the next six months. Management judgment is utilized to make this determination.

The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws,

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class.

INTEREST RATE RISK

Based on management's assessment of the current interest rate environment, the Company has taken steps, including growing shorter-term loans and transaction deposit accounts, to reduce its interest rate risk profile. The mix of transaction and savings accounts is 68% of total deposits as of June 30, 2020 while the composition of the investment securities portfolio is 37% variable and 63% fixed rate. When interest rates rise, the fair value of the investment securities with fixed rates will decrease and vice versa when interest rates decline. The Company has $827,316,000 of mortgage-backed securities that it has designated as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. As of June 30, 2020, the net unrealized gain on these securities was $27,101,000. The Company has $2,063,960,000 of available-for-sale securities that are carried at fair value. As of June 30, 2020, the net unrealized gain on these securities was $41,546,000. The Company has executed interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk on certain FHLB borrowings. The unrealized loss on these interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2020 was $25,235,000. All of the above are pre-tax net unrealized gains or losses.

The Company relies on various measures of interest rate risk, including an asset/liability analysis, modeling of changes in forecasted net interest income under various rate change scenarios, and the impact of interest rate changes on the net portfolio value (“NPV”) of the Company.

Net Interest Income Sensitivity - The Company estimates the sensitivity of its net interest income to changes in market interest rates using an interest rate simulation model that includes assumptions related to the level of balance sheet growth, deposit repricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments for multiple interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity depends on certain repricing characteristics in the Company's interest-earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the maturity structure of assets and liabilities and their repricing characteristics during the periods of changes in market interest rates. The analysis assumes a constant balance sheet. Actual results would differ from the assumptions used in this model, as management monitors and adjusts loan and deposit pricing and the size and composition of the balance sheet to respond to changing interest rates.

As of June 30, 2020, in the event of an immediate and parallel increase of 200 basis points in both short and long-term interest rates, the model estimates that net interest income would increase by 3.0% in the next year. This compares to an estimated increase of 1.4% as of the September 30, 2019 analysis. The change is primarily due to fluctuating interest rates and the impact to expected prepayment speeds as well as shifts in the mix of fixed versus adjustable rate assets and updated deposit betas used for transaction deposits in the Company's asset liability management model. Management estimates that a gradual increase of 300 basis points in short term rates and 100 basis points in long term rates over two years would result in a net interest income increase of 0.5% in the first year and increase of 0.6% in the second year assuming a constant balance sheet and no management intervention. We have not provided an estimate of any impact on net interest income of a decrease in interest rates at June 30, 2020 as many of our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities are tied to interest rates that are already at or near their historical minimum levels (i.e., Prime and LIBOR) and, therefore, could not materially decrease further assuming U.S. market interest rates continue to remain above zero percent. Sustained negative interest rates for an economy with the size and complexity of the United States would likely lead to broad macroeconomic impacts that are difficult to foresee. While there is a possibility that U.S market interest rates could fall below zero percent, this has not occurred in the United States.

NPV Sensitivity - NPV is an estimate of the market value of shareholders' equity. NPV is calculated as the difference between the present value of expected cash flows from interest-earning assets and the present value of expected cash flows from interest-paying liabilities and off-balance-sheet contracts. The sensitivity of NPV to changes in interest rates provides a view of interest rate risk as it incorporates all future expected cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, in the event of an immediate and parallel increase of 200 basis points in interest rates, the NPV is estimated to decrease by $1,348,000 or 0.1% and the NPV to total assets ratio to increase to 14.8% from a base of 14.0%. As of September 30, 2019, the NPV in the event of a 200 basis point increase in rates was estimated to decline by $257,638,000 or 10.5% and the NPV to total assets ratio to decline to 13.9% from a base of 14.6%. The change in NPV sensitivity is due primarily to the drop in interest rates that has impacted asset prices as well as sensitivity to expected prepayment speeds on fixed rate loans and mortgage-backed securities as of June 30, 2020.

Interest Rate Spread - The interest rate spread is measured as the difference between the rate on total loans and investments and the rate on costing liabilities at the end of each period. The interest rate spread decreased to 2.48% at June 30, 2020 from 2.80% at September 30, 2019. The spread compression of 32 basis points is primarily due to the decrease in short-term interest rates, which resulted in a lower rate on interest earning assets partially offset by a lower rate on interest-bearing liabilities. Additionally, a higher cash balance of $1,218,240,000 and $758,955,000 of Small Business Association Payroll Protection Program ("PPP") loans, which carry a 1% note rate, as of June 30, 2020 contributed to spread compression. As of June 30,

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

2020, the weighted average rate on interest-earning assets decreased by 89 basis points to 3.21% compared to September 30, 2019, while the weighted average rate on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 57 basis points to 0.73%. The interest rate spread decreased to 2.48% at June 30, 2020 from 2.82% at June 30, 2019 due to the same factors described above.

Net Interest Margin - Net interest margin is measured as net interest income divided by average earning assets for the period. Net interest margin decreased to 2.82% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 from 3.18% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The yield on interest-earning assets decreased 89 basis points to 3.61% and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 61 basis points to 0.95% over that same period. The lower yield on interest-earning assets is the result of the decrease in short-term interest rates, which resulted in a lower rate being earned on cash and adjustable rate loans and investment securities. Additionally, the balance of cash was relatively high at $1,218,240,000 as of June 30, 2020 and there were origination of $781,574,000 in PPP loans, which carry a 1% note rate, during the quarter. The lower rate in interest-bearing liabilities was primarily due lower rates paid on FHLB advances as well as a decrease in rates on interest-bearing deposits.

The following tables set forth the information explaining the changes in the net interest margin for the period indicated compared to the same period one year ago.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020						Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Assets
Loans receivable	$	12,470,824	$	132,847	4.27	%	$	11,925,478	$	145,490	4.89	%
Mortgaged-backed securities	1,931,826		10,843		2.25		2,563,070		18,719		2.93
Cash & Investments	2,093,966		4,697		0.90		696,640		5,956		3.43
FHLB & FRB stock	152,122		1,322		3.49		138,144		1,661		4.82
Total interest-earning assets	16,648,738		149,709		3.61	%	15,323,332		171,826		4.50	%
Other assets	1,294,675						1,139,374
Total assets	$	17,943,413					$	16,462,706
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing customer accounts	$	10,692,697	$	21,393	0.80	%	$	10,269,115	$	32,331	1.26	%
FHLB advances	2,953,297		10,938		1.49		2,603,846		17,829		2.75
Total interest-bearing liabilities	13,645,994		32,331		0.95	%	12,872,961		50,160		1.56	%
Noninterest-bearing customer accounts	2,045,305						1,455,726
Other liabilities	262,108						117,299
Total liabilities	15,953,407						14,445,986
Shareholders' equity	1,990,006						2,016,720
Total liabilities and equity	$	17,943,413					$	16,462,706
Net interest income			$	117,378					$	121,666
Net interest margin (NIM)					2.82	%					3.18	%

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020						Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Average Rate
	($ in thousands)						($ in thousands)
Assets
Loans receivable	$	12,094,760	$	413,543	4.55	%	$	11,763,084	$	423,616	4.81	%
Mortgaged-backed securities	2,162,949		40,796		2.51		2,576,494		57,254		2.97
Cash & Investments	1,272,290		15,402		1.61		667,378		16,230		3.25
FHLB & FRB stock	132,973		4,410		4.42		136,342		4,930		4.83
Total interest-earning assets	15,662,972		474,151		4.03	%	15,143,298		502,030		4.43	%
Other assets	1,229,433						1,154,381
Total assets	$	16,892,405					$	16,297,679
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing customer accounts	$	10,415,777	$	81,512	1.04	%	$	10,148,122	$	88,576	1.17	%
FHLB advances	2,474,562		37,963		2.04		2,558,791		52,566		2.75
Other liabilities	26		—		—		—		—		—
Total interest-bearing liabilities	12,890,365		119,475		1.23	%	12,706,913		141,142		1.49	%
Noninterest-bearing customer accounts	1,765,024						1,439,305
Other liabilities	226,965						147,626
Total liabilities	14,882,354						14,293,844
Shareholders' equity	2,010,051						2,003,835
Total liabilities and equity	$	16,892,405					$	16,297,679
Net interest income			$	354,676					$	360,888
Net interest margin (NIM)					3.02	%					3.18	%

As of June 30, 2020, total assets had increased by $1,700,194,000 to $18,175,104,000 from $16,474,910,000 at September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents increased by $799,082,000 and loans receivable increased $802,851,000.

Cash and cash equivalents of $1,218,240,000 and shareholders’ equity of $1,990,509,000 as of June 30, 2020 provide management with flexibility in managing interest rate risk going forward.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The principal sources of funds for the Company's activities are loan repayments (including prepayments), net deposit inflows, repayments and sales of investments and borrowings and retained earnings, if applicable. The Company's principal sources of revenue are interest on loans and interest and dividends on investments. Additionally, the Company earns fee income for loan, deposit, insurance and other services.

The Company is actively working with its borrowers to modify consumer mortgage and commercial loans to provide payment deferrals as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The terms of the payment deferrals are generally 90 days for consumer mortgage loans and up to 180 days for commercial loans. As of June 30, 2020, 1,192 mortgage loans totaling $346,000,000 and 196 commercial loans totaling $416,000,000 had been modified. These loans are not considered past due until after the deferral period is over and scheduled payments have resumed. In addition, the Company participated in the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program. This program came about through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) passed by Congress to help small businesses keep their employees employed through the COVID-19 shelter in place orders. The Company assisted over 6,500 businesses with more than $780,000,000 in PPP loans.

The Bank has a credit line with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB") up to 45% of total assets depending on specific collateral eligibility. This line provides a substantial source of additional liquidity if needed.

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Bank has entered into borrowing agreements with the FHLB to borrow funds under a short-term floating rate cash management advance program and fixed-rate term loan agreements. All borrowings are secured by stock of the FHLB, deposits with the FHLB, and a blanket pledge of qualifying loans receivable as provided in the agreements with the FHLB. The Bank is also eligible to borrow under the Federal Reserve Bank's primary credit program.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents totaled $1,218,240,000 at June 30, 2020, an increase from $419,158,000 at September 30, 2019. These amounts include the Bank's operating cash.

The Company’s shareholders' equity at June 30, 2020 was $1,990,509,000, or 10.95% of total assets. This is a decrease of $42,486,000 from September 30, 2019 when net worth was $2,032,995,000, or 12.34% of total assets. The Company’s shareholders' equity was impacted in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 by net income of $139,095,000, the payment of $49,935,000 in cash dividends, treasury stock purchases of $112,129,000, as well as an other comprehensive loss of $2,732,000. The ratio of tangible capital to tangible assets at June 30, 2020 was 9.40%. Management believes the Company's strong net worth position allows it to manage balance sheet risk and provide the capital support needed for controlled growth in a regulated environment.

Washington Federal, Inc. and its banking subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.

Federal banking agencies establish regulatory capital rules that require minimum capital ratios and establish criteria for calculating regulatory capital. Minimum capital ratios for four measures are used for assessing capital adequacy. The standards are indicated in the table below. The common equity tier 1 capital ratio recognizes common equity as the highest form of capital. The denominator for all except the leverage ratio is risk weighted assets. The rules set forth a “capital conservation buffer” of up to 2.5%. In the event that a bank’s capital levels fall below the minimum ratios plus these buffers, the bank's regulators may place restrictions on it. These restrictions include reducing dividend payments, share buy-backs, and staff bonus payments. The purpose of these buffers is to require banks to build up capital outside of periods of stress that can be drawn down during periods of stress. As a result, even during periods where losses are incurred, the minimum capital ratios can still be met.

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

There are also standards for Adequate and Well Capitalized criteria that are used for “Prompt Corrective Action” purposes. To remain categorized as well capitalized, the Bank and the Company must maintain minimum common equity risk-based, tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based and tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table.

	Actual				Minimum Capital Adequacy Guidelines		Minimum Well-Capitalized Guidelines
($ in thousands)	Capital		Ratio		Ratio		Ratio
June 30, 2020
Common Equity Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	$	1,667,905	13.12	%	4.50	%	NA
The Bank	1,625,436		12.78	%	4.50	%	6.50	%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	1,667,905		13.12	%	6.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,625,436		12.78	%	6.00	%	8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	1,827,114		14.37	%	8.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,784,715		14.03	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Tier 1 Leverage ratio:
The Company	1,667,905		9.48	%	4.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,625,436		9.24	%	4.00	%	5.00	%
September 30, 2019
Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	$	1,710,147	14.30	%	4.50	%	NA
The Bank	1,666,426		13.93	%	4.50	%	6.50	%
Tier I risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	1,710,147		14.30	%	6.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,666,426		13.93	%	6.00	%	8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio:
The Company	1,848,581		15.45	%	8.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,804,860		15.09	%	8.00	%	10.00	%
Tier 1 Leverage ratio:
The Company	1,710,147		10.51	%	4.00	%	NA
The Bank	1,666,426		10.24	%	4.00	%	5.00	%

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Cash and cash equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents are $1,218,240,000 at June 30, 2020, an increase of $799,082,000, or 190.6%, since September 30, 2019. The increase is primarily due to deposit growth as well as FHLB advances being $550,000,000 higher.

Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities - Available-for-sale securities increased $578,218,000, or 38.9%, during the nine months ended June 30, 2020, mostly due to $374,680,000 of securities reclassified from held-to-maturity pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2019-04 and purchases of $684,292,000, partially offset by sales of $204,351,000 as well as principal repayments and maturities of $301,319,000. During the same period, the balance of held-to-maturity securities decreased by $616,164,000 primarily due to $374,680,000 of securities reclassified to available-for-sale pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2019-04 and principal pay-downs and maturities of $237,895,000. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had a

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities of $41,546,000, which is included on a net of tax basis in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company adopted ASC 326 and the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model effective on October 1, 2019 with application to all interim periods in fiscal year 2020. Substantially all of the Company’s held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government and have a long history of zero credit loss. The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities upon adoption of ASC 326 or as of June 30, 2020 as the investment portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities that management deems to have immaterial risk of loss. The impact going forward will depend on the composition, characteristics, and credit quality of the loan and securities portfolios as well as the economic conditions at future reporting periods. The Company does not believe that any of its available-for-sale debt securities had credit loss impairment upon adoption of ASC 326 on October 1, 2019 or as of June 30, 2020, therefore, no allowance was recorded.

Loans receivable - Loans receivable, net of related contra accounts, increased by $802,851,000 to $12,733,426,000 at June 30, 2020, compared to $11,930,575,000 at September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily the net result of originations of $4,725,014,000 and loan principal repayments of $3,753,348,000. Included in the current year originations are $781,574,000 of PPP loans. Commercial loan originations accounted for 76% of total originations and consumer loan originations were 24% during the period. The mix of loan originations is consistent with management's strategy during low rate environments to produce more construction, multifamily, commercial real estate, and commercial and industrial loans that generally have adjustable interest rates or a shorter duration.

The following table shows the loan portfolio by category and the change.

	June 30, 2020				September 30, 2019				Change
	(In thousands)				(In thousands)				$		%
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	1,510,099	10.6	%	$	1,422,674	10.7	%	$	87,425	6.1	%
Commercial real estate	1,707,893		11.9		1,631,170		12.3		76,723		4.7
Commercial & industrial (1)	2,158,000		15.1		1,268,695		9.5		889,305		70.1
Construction	2,328,987		16.3		2,038,052		15.3		290,935		14.3
Land - acquisition & development	195,212		1.4		204,107		1.5		(8,895)		(4.4)
Total commercial loans	7,900,191		55.2		6,564,698		49.3		1,335,493		20.3
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	5,461,605		38.2		5,835,194		43.8		(373,589)		(6.4)
Construction - custom	607,329		4.2		540,741		4.1		66,588		12.3
Land - consumer lot loans	100,102		0.7		99,694		0.7		408		0.4
HELOC	140,636		1.0		142,178		1.1		(1,542)		(1.1)
Consumer	91,495		0.6		129,883		1.0		(38,388)		(29.6)
Total consumer loans	6,401,167		44.8		6,747,690		50.7		(346,523)		(5.1)
Total gross loans	14,301,358		100	%	13,312,388		100	%	988,970		7.4
Less:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	165,349				131,534				33,815		25.7
Loans in process	1,353,774				1,201,341				152,433		12.7
Net deferred fees, costs and discounts	48,809				48,938				(129)		(0.3)
Total loan contra accounts	1,567,932				1,381,813				186,119		13.5
Net loans	$	12,733,426			$	11,930,575			$	802,851	6.7	%

(1) Includes $758,955,000 of SBA Payroll Protection Program loans as of June 30, 2020.

Non-performing assets - Non-performing assets increased $804,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 to $44,630,000 from $43,826,000 at September 30, 2019. The change is due to a $1,270,000 increase in non-accrual loans and $825,000 decline in real estate owned ("REO"). Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets was 0.25% at June 30, 2020 compared to 0.27% at September 30, 2019.

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table sets forth information regarding troubled debt restructured loans and non-performing assets.

	June 30, 2020					September 30, 2019
	($ in thousands)
Troubled debt restructured loans:
Multi - family	$	310		0.3	%	$	385		0.3	%
Commercial real estate	1,849			1.9		4,168			3.4
Commercial & industrial	433			0.4		425			0.3
Construction	—			—		—			—
Land - acquisition & development	78			0.1		90			0.1
Single-family residential	91,290			93.1		111,886			92.0
Construction - custom	—			—		—			—
Land - consumer lot loans	3,206			3.3		3,714			3.1
HELOC	835			0.9		949			0.8
Consumer	55			—		60			—
Total restructured loans (1)	$	98,056		100	%	$	121,677		100	%
Non-accrual loans:
Multi - family	$	224		0.6	%	$	—		—	%
Commercial real estate	3,416			9.8		5,835			17.3
Commercial & industrial	1,847			5.3		1,292			3.8
Construction	3,353			9.6		—			—
Land - acquisition & development	78			0.2		169			0.5
Single-family residential	24,876			71.1		25,271			74.9
Construction - custom	—			—		—			—
Land - consumer lot loans	277			0.8		246			0.7
HELOC	866			2.5		907			2.7
Consumer	64			0.2		11			—
Total non-accrual loans	35,001			100	%	33,731			100	%
Real estate owned	5,956					6,781
Other property owned	3,673					3,314
Total non-performing assets	$	44,630				$	43,826
Total non-performing assets and performing restructured loans as a percentage of total assets	0.77		%			0.97		%
Total Assets
(1)    Restructured loans were as follows:
Performing	$	95,093		97.0	%	$	116,659		95.9	%
Non-performing (included in non-accrual loans above)	2,963			3.0		5,018			4.1
	$	98,056		100	%	$	121,677		100	%

For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized $2,513,000 in interest income on cash payments received from borrowers on non-accrual loans. The Company would have recognized interest income of $1,047,000 for the same period had these loans performed according to their original contract terms. Recognized interest income for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was higher than what otherwise would have been recognized in the period due to the collection of past due amounts. In addition to the non-accrual loans reflected in the above table, the Company had $7,360,000 of loans that were less than 90 days delinquent at June 30, 2020 but were classified as substandard for one or more reasons. If these loans were deemed non-performing, the Company's ratio of total NPAs and performing restructured loans as a percent of total assets would have increased to 0.81% at June 30, 2020.

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Restructured single-family residential loans are reserved for under the Company’s general reserve methodology. If any individual loan is significant in balance, the Company may establish a specific reserve as warranted.

Most restructured loans are accruing and performing loans where the borrower has proactively approached the Bank about modifications due to temporary financial difficulties. Each request is individually evaluated for merit and likelihood of success. Single-family residential loans comprised 93.1% of restructured loans as of June 30, 2020. The concession for these loans is typically a payment reduction through a rate reduction of 100 to 200 bps for a specific term, usually six to twenty-four months. Interest-only payments may also be approved during the modification period.

For commercial loans, six consecutive payments on newly restructured loan terms are generally required prior to returning the loan to accrual status. In some instances after the required six consecutive payments are made, a management assessment will conclude that collection of the entire principal balance is still in doubt. In those instances, the loan will remain on non-accrual. Homogeneous loans may or may not be on accrual status at the time of restructuring, but all are placed on accrual status upon the restructuring of the loan. Homogeneous loans are restructured only if the borrower can demonstrate the ability to meet the restructured payment terms; otherwise, collection is pursued and the loan remains on non-accrual status until liquidated. If the homogeneous restructured loan does not perform, it will be placed in non-accrual status when it is 90 days delinquent.

A loan that defaults and is subsequently modified would impact the Company’s delinquency trend, which is part of the qualitative risk factors component of the allowance for credit losses calculation. Any modified loan that re-defaults and is charged-off would impact the historical loss factors component of the Company's general reserve calculation.

Allowance for credit losses - As a result of the adoption of ASC 326 in the third fiscal quarter, with an effective date of October 1, 2019, there is a lack of comparability in both the reserves and provisions for credit losses for the periods presented. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2019 are presented using the CECL methodology, while comparative period information continues to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss methodology in effect for prior fiscal years. The following table shows the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

	September 30, 2019		CECL Adoption Impact		October 1, 2019		June 30, 2020
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Commercial loans
Multi-family	$	7,391	$	3,013	$	10,404	$	12,088
Commercial real estate	13,170		(146)		13,024		15,807
Commercial & industrial	31,450		785		32,235		42,179
Construction	32,304		(9,536)		22,768		25,693
Land - acquisition & development	9,155		1,749		10,904		10,641
Total commercial loans	93,470		(4,135)		89,335		106,408
Consumer loans
Single-family residential	30,988		16,783		47,771		47,149
Construction - custom	1,369		1,511		2,880		3,336
Land - consumer lot loans	2,143		492		2,635		2,671
HELOC	1,103		945		2,048		2,588
Consumer	2,461		2,154		4,615		3,197
Total consumer loans	38,064		21,885		59,949		58,941
Total allowance for loan losses	131,534		17,750		149,284		165,349
Reserve for unfunded commitments	6,900		10,750		17,650		19,500
Total allowance for credit losses	$	138,434	$	28,500	$	166,934	$	184,849

No allowance was recorded as of June 30, 2020 for the $758,955,000 of SBA Payroll Protection Program loans, which are included in commercial & industrial, due to the government guarantee. Management believes the allowance for credit losses of $184,849,000, or 1.29% of gross loans, is sufficient to absorb estimated losses inherent in the portfolio of loans and unfunded

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commitments. See Note E and Note I for further details of the allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments as of and for the period ended June 30, 2020.

Real estate owned - REO decreased during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 by $825,000 to $5,956,000, primarily due to sales of REO properties during the period.

Intangible assets - Intangible assets increased to $310,458,000 as of June 30, 2020 from $309,247,000 as of September 30, 2019. The increase was due to purchases of small insurance agencies, partially offset by amortization of finite-lived intangible assets.

Customer accounts - Customer accounts increased $1,118,830,000, or 9.3%, to $13,109,594,000 at June 30, 2020 compared with $11,990,764,000 at September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of PPP lending activity as the resulting customer funds were placed into deposit accounts.

The following table shows the composition of the Bank’s customer accounts by deposit type.

	June 30, 2020						September 30, 2019
	Deposit Account Balance		As a % of Total Deposits		Weighted Average Rate		Deposit Account Balance		As a % of Total Deposits		Weighted Average Rate
($ in thousands)
Non-interest checking	$	2,235,689	17.1	%	—	%	$	1,621,343	13.5	%	—	%
Interest checking	2,410,041		18.4		0.18		1,984,576		16.6		0.61
Savings	832,383		6.3		0.11		753,574		6.3		0.13
Money market	3,422,335		26.1		0.41		2,724,308		22.7		0.82
Time deposits	4,209,146		32.1		1.32		4,906,963		40.9		1.91
Total	$	13,109,594	100	%	0.57	%	$	11,990,764	100	%	1.08	%

FHLB advances and other borrowings - Total borrowings totaled $2,800,000,000 as of June 30, 2020, an increase from $2,250,000,000 as of September 30, 2019. The increase is a result of $1,000,000,000 in new FHLB advances offset by repayments of FHLB advances. The weighted average rate for FHLB borrowings was 1.49% as of June 30, 2020 and 2.49% at September 30, 2019. The decrease is primarily due to lower rates on new FHLB advances and repayment of advances with higher rates.

Shareholders' equity - The Company’s total shareholders' equity at June 30, 2020 was $1,990,509,000, or 10.95% of total assets. This was a decrease of $42,486,000 from the September 30, 2019 total of $2,032,995,000, or 12.34% of total assets. The Company’s equity was impacted in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 by net income of $139,095,000, the payment of $49,935,000 in cash dividends, treasury stock purchases of $112,129,000, as well as an other comprehensive loss of $2,732,000.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income - The Company recorded net income of $34,852,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $53,854,000 for the prior year quarter. The Company recorded net income of $139,095,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $157,894,000 for the same period one year ago.

Net Interest Income - For the three months ended June 30, 2020, net interest income was $117,378,000, which is $4,288,000 lower than the same quarter of the prior year. Net interest margin was 2.82% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to 3.18% for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in net interest income and compression in net interest margin was primarily due to the yield on earning assets decreasing by 89 basis points to 3.61% and the cost of interest bearing liabilities decreasing by 61 basis points to 0.95% over that same period. The lower yield on earning assets is the result of the decrease in short-term interest rates, which resulted in a lower rate being earned on cash and adjustable rate loans and investment securities. Additionally, the balance of cash was relatively high at $1,218,240,000 as of June 30, 2020 and there were origination of $781,574,000 in PPP loans, which carry a 1% note rate, during the quarter. The lower rate in interest-bearing liabilities was primarily due to the decrease in short-term interest rates resulting in lower rates on new FHLB advances and interest-bearing

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deposits. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, net interest income was $354,676,000, which is $6,212,000 lower than the same period of the prior year. Net interest margin was 3.02% for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to 3.18% for the same period for the prior year. The changes period over period are primarily due to the aforementioned factors.

The following table sets forth certain information explaining changes in interest income and interest expense for the period indicated compared to the same period one year ago. For each category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, information is provided on changes attributable to (1) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (2) changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by old volume). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Rate / Volume Analysis:

	Comparison of Three Months Ended 6/30/20 and 6/30/19						Comparison of Nine Months Ended 6/30/20 and 6/30/19
($ in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Total		Volume		Rate		Total
Interest income:
Loans receivable	$	6,444	$	(19,087)	$	(12,643)	$	12,271	$	(22,344)	$	(10,073)
Mortgaged-backed securities	(4,060)		(3,816)		(7,876)		(8,374)		(8,084)		(16,458)
Investments (1)	6,539		(8,137)		(1,598)		11,328		(12,676)		(1,348)
All interest-earning assets	8,923		(31,040)		(22,117)		15,225		(43,104)		(27,879)
Interest expense:
Customer accounts	3,068		(14,006)		(10,938)		4,896		(11,960)		(7,064)
FHLB advances and other borrowings	2,151		(9,042)		(6,891)		(1,653)		(12,950)		(14,603)
All interest-bearing liabilities	5,219		(23,048)		(17,829)		3,243		(24,910)		(21,667)
Change in net interest income	$	3,704	$	(7,992)	$	(4,288)	$	11,982	$	(18,194)	$	(6,212)

___________________ 

(1)Includes interest on cash equivalents and dividends on FHLB & FRB stock.

Provision (Release) for Credit Losses - Primarily due to the continued economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company recorded a $10,800,000 provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with no provision being recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2019. A provision for credit losses of $15,250,000 and $250,000 was recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively. The relatively significant credit loss provisions for the three months ended and nine months ended June 30, 2020 are due to COVID-19 related factors including estimated impacts to the energy, hospitality, restaurant and senior living industries. Charge-offs, net of recoveries, totaled $1,702,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net recoveries of $936,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Recoveries, net of charge-offs, totaled $2,665,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to net recoveries of $3,515,000 during the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Other Income - The three months ended June 30, 2020 results include total other income of $13,274,000 compared to $14,042,000 for the same period one year ago, a $768,000 decrease. The decrease was primarily due to deposit fee income being $779,000 lower as transaction activity remains depressed due to the pandemic. The nine months ended June 30, 2020 results include total other income of $75,889,000 compared to $45,861,000 for the same period one year ago, a $30,028,000 increase. The increase is primarily due to the nine months ended June 30, 2020 including a gain of $32,600,000 on sales of fixed assets, while the nine months ended June 30, 2019 included a net gain of $6,400,000 recognized on the sale and valuation adjustments of fixed assets.

Other Expense - Other expenses have increased as a result of ongoing investments in people, process and technology with the objective of growing market share and ultimately earnings. The three months ended June 30, 2020 results include total other expense of $75,323,000 compared to $70,898,000 for the same period one year ago, a $4,425,000 increase. Compensation and benefits costs increased by $1,761,000, or 5.1%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to a 5.1% rise in headcount, including growth in our compliance program, and higher paying positions to advance our digital and technology initiatives. Information technology costs increased by $2,219,000, primarily due to continued investments in new systems hardware and software. The nine months ended June 30, 2020 results include total other expense of $237,391,000 compared to $210,537,000 for the same period one year ago, a $26,854,000 increase. The increase is primarily due to information technology being higher by $13,031,000 which was largely from a $6,431,000 impairment charge on systems hardware and software. In addition, compensation and benefits costs increased by $10,352,000 primarily due to the aforementioned factors. The number of staff,

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including part-time employees on a full-time equivalent basis, increased by 5.1% to 2,062 at June 30, 2020 from 1,962 at June 30, 2019. Total other expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 equaled 1.87% and 1.72%, respectively, of average assets.

Gain (Loss) on Real Estate Owned - Results for the three months ended June 30, 2020 include a net loss on real estate owned of $219,000, compared to a net gain of $353,000 for the prior year quarter. Results for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 include a net loss on real estate owned of $1,074,000, compared to a net gain of $1,481,000 for the same period one year ago.

Income Tax Expense - Income tax expense totaled $9,458,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $11,309,000 for the prior year quarter. Income tax expense totaled $37,755,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $39,549,000 for the same period one year ago. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was 21.35% compared to 20.03% for the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 differs from the statutory rate mainly due to state taxes and tax-exempt income.

Item 3.                Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Management believes that there have been no material changes in the Company’s quantitative and qualitative information about market risk since September 30, 2019. For a complete discussion of the Company’s quantitative and qualitative market risk, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

PART I – Financial Information

Item 4.                Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on the evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the period to which this report relates, there have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.

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PART II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, none of which are considered to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth below and in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under "Part I--Item 1A--Risk Factors" in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019. These factors could materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause its actual results to differ materially from its historical results or the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting us and our customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations, and prospects could be significant.

The spread of COVID-19 has created a global public-health crisis that has impacted household, business, economic, and market conditions, including in the western United States where we conduct nearly all of our business. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our capital, liquidity, and other financial positions and on our business, results of operations, and prospects is still uncertain, and will depend on a number of evolving factors, including:

•The duration, extent, and severity of the pandemic. COVID-19 has not yet been contained and could affect significantly more households and businesses, or cause additional limitations on commercial activity, increased unemployment, increased property vacancy rates and general economic and financial instability. The duration and severity of the pandemic continue to be impossible to predict, as is the potential for a seasonal or other resurgence after its initial containment.

•The response of governmental and nongovernmental authorities. Many of their actions have been directed toward curtailing household and business activity to contain COVID-19 while simultaneously deploying fiscal- and monetary-policy measures to partially mitigate the adverse effects on individual households and businesses. The success or impact of these actions and their effect on our customers and the economy generally is not yet clear. Further, some measures, such as a suspension of mortgage and other loan payments and foreclosures, may have a negative impact on our business.

•The effect on our customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers. COVID-19 and its associated consequences and uncertainties are affecting individuals, households, and businesses differently and unevenly.

•The effect on economies and markets. Whether the actions of governmental and nongovernmental authorities will be successful in mitigating the adverse effects of COVID-19 is unclear. National, regional, and local economies and markets could suffer disruptions that are lasting. Governmental actions are meaningfully influencing the interest-rate environment and financial-market activity and could have lasting effects on taxes and other economic factors, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the most notable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations was a higher provision expense for credit losses. Our provision expense was $10,800,000, primarily due to the unfavorable market conditions associated with COVID-19, in particular in the energy, hospitality, restaurant and senior living industries, as compared with no provision being recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2020, our allowance for credit losses increased to $184,849,000. Additionally, our operations have been impacted by the need to close certain offices and limit how customers conduct business through our branch network. We also face increased operational risks associated with the transition of a portion of our employees to remote working environments, including increased cybersecurity risks such as phishing, malware, and other cybersecurity attacks, all of which could expose the Company to liability and could seriously disrupt our business operations.

Governments have taken unprecedented steps to partially mitigate the adverse effects of their containment measures. For example, in late March 2020, the CARES Act was enacted to inject more than $2 trillion of financial assistance into the U.S. economy. The FRB has taken decisive and sweeping actions as well. Since March 15, 2020, these have included a reduction in the target range for the federal funds rate to 0 to 25 basis points, a program to purchase an indeterminate amount of Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities, and numerous facilities to support the flow of credit to households and

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businesses. The degree to which our actions and those of governments and others will directly or indirectly assist our customers, counterparties, and third-party service providers and advance our business and the economy generally is not yet clear. The possibility of negative interest rates on U.S. Treasury or other market instruments could adversely affect our results of operations by, for example, reducing asset yields or spreads, creating operating and system issues, or having other adverse impacts on our business.

Failure to comply with the 2013 Consent Order from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau regarding the Company’s Home Mortgage Disclosure Act submissions could result in additional regulatory enforcement action.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) has formally notified the Company of alleged errors in its Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (“HMDA”) reporting submissions. The CFPB alleges that the Company did not accurately report all required relevant information within the annual HMDA submissions. The Company has responded to the CFPB, noting that it has instituted enhanced procedures to ensure compliance with HMDA and has submitted amended HMDA filings. The Company is still operating under a consent order from 2013 relating to HMDA disclosures and believes that it may be subject to additional enforcement action which may include additional civil money penalties. In 2013, the Company paid a $34,000 civil money penalty associated with previous HMDA violations.

Item 2.                 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2020. 

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of  Publicly Announced Plan (1)	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan at the End of the Period
April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020	1,209	$	24.82	1,209	4,627,778
May 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020	385	25.18		385	4,627,393
June 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020	—	—		—	4,627,393
Total	1,594	$	24.90	1,594	4,627,393

 ___________________

(1)The Company's stock repurchase program was publicly announced by its Board of Directors on February 3, 1995 and has no expiration date. Under this ongoing program, a total of 66,956,264 shares were authorized for repurchase.

Item 3.                Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4.                Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5.                Other Information

Not applicable

Item 6.                Exhibits

(a)	Exhibits
	31.1	Section 302 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer
	31.2	Section 302 Certification by the Chief Financial Officer
	32	Section 906 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
	101	Financial Statements from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2020 formatted in iXBRL

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WASHINGTON FEDERAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

August 7, 2020	/S/    BRENT J. BEARDALL
	BRENT J. BEARDALL President & Chief Executive Officer
August 7, 2020	/S/    VINCENT L. BEATTY
	VINCENT L. BEATTY Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
August 7, 2020	/S/    CORY D. STEWART
	CORY D. STEWART Senior Vice President and Principal Accounting Officer

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