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REVENUE
 3 Months Ended
Jan. 29, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE REVENUE
Disaggregation of Revenue

Ciena’s disaggregated revenue represents similar groups that depict the nature, amount, and timing of revenue and cash flows for Ciena’s various offerings. The sales cycle, contractual obligations, customer requirements, and go-to-market strategies may differ for each of its product lines, resulting in different economic risk profiles for each line.

The tables below set forth Ciena’s disaggregated revenue for the respective periods (in thousands):
Quarter Ended January 29, 2022
Networking PlatformsPlatform Software and ServicesBlue Planet Automation Software and ServicesGlobal ServicesTotal
Product lines:
Converged Packet Optical
$540,936 $— $— $— $540,936 
Routing and Switching85,710 — — — 85,710 
Platform Software and Services
— 72,917 — — 72,917 
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services
— — 21,110 — 21,110 
Maintenance Support and Training
— — — 72,491 72,491 
Installation and Deployment
— — — 40,370 40,370 
Consulting and Network Design
— — — 10,909 10,909 
Total revenue by product line
$626,646 $72,917 $21,110 $123,770 $844,443 
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services at a point in time
$626,646 $29,682 $8,774 $8,491 673,593 
Services transferred over time— 43,235 12,336 115,279 170,850 
Total revenue by timing of revenue recognition
$626,646 $72,917 $21,110 $123,770 $844,443 
Quarter Ended January 30, 2021
Networking PlatformsPlatform Software and ServicesBlue Planet Automation Software and ServicesGlobal ServicesTotal
Product lines:
Converged Packet Optical
$512,324 $— $— $— $512,324 
Routing and Switching64,307 — — — 64,307 
Platform Software and Services
— 49,839 — — 49,839 
Blue Planet Automation Software and Services
— — 16,934 — 16,934 
Maintenance Support and Training
— — — 67,630 67,630 
Installation and Deployment
— — — 39,611 39,611 
Consulting and Network Design
— — — 6,485 6,485 
Total revenue by product line
$576,631 $49,839 $16,934 $113,726 $757,130 
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services at a point in time
$576,631 $16,062 $5,173 $1,857 $599,723 
Services transferred over time
— 33,777 11,761 111,869 157,407 
Total revenue by timing of revenue recognition
$576,631 $49,839 $16,934 $113,726 $757,130 

Ciena reports its sales geographically using the following markets: (i) Americas; (ii) Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and (iii) Asia Pacific, Japan and India (“APAC”). Americas includes activities in North America and South America. Within each geographic area, Ciena maintains specific teams or personnel that focus on a particular region, country, customer or market vertical. These teams include sales management, account salespersons and sales engineers, as well as services professionals and commercial management personnel. The following table reflects Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue based principally on the relevant location for Ciena’s delivery of products and performance of services.
For the periods below, Ciena’s geographic distribution of revenue was as follows (in thousands):
Quarter Ended
January 29,January 30,
20222021
Geographic distribution:
Americas
$595,144 $496,611 
EMEA
150,785 155,418 
APAC
98,514 105,101 
Total revenue by geographic distribution
$844,443 $757,130 
Ciena’s revenue includes $543.5 million and $439.4 million of United States revenue for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. No other country accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented above.
For the periods below, the only customer that accounted for at least 10% of Ciena’s revenue was as follows (in thousands):
Quarter Ended
 January 29,January 30,
 20222021
AT&T$110,876 n/a
n/aDenotes revenue representing less than 10% of total revenue for the period
The customer identified above for the first quarter of fiscal 2022 purchased products and services from each of Ciena’s operating segments.

•Networking Platforms revenue reflects sales of Ciena’s Converged Packet Optical and Routing and Switching product lines.
•Converged Packet Optical - includes the 6500 Packet-Optical Platform, the Waveserver® stackable interconnect system, the 6500 Reconfigurable Line System (RLS), the 5400 family of Packet-Optical Platforms, and the Coherent ELS open line system (OLS). This product line also includes sales of the Z-Series Packet-Optical Platform.

•Routing and Switching - includes the 3900 family of service delivery platforms and the 5000 family of service aggregation. This product line also includes the 6500 Packet Transport System (PTS), which combines packet switching, control plane operation, and integrated optics, the 8100 Coherent IP networking platforms, and the 8700 Packetwave Platform. This product line also includes the Vyatta virtual routing and switching products acquired from AT&T during the first quarter of fiscal 2022.

The Networking Platforms segment also includes sales of operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in each of the product lines above. Revenue from this segment is included in product revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in Ciena hardware are each considered distinct performance obligations for which the revenue is generally recognized upfront at a point in time upon transfer of control.

•Platform Software and Services provides analytics, data, and planning tools to assist customers in managing Ciena’s Networking Platforms products in their networks. Ciena’s platform software includes its Manage, Control and Plan (MCP) domain controller solution and its OneControl Unified Management System, as well as planning tools and a number of legacy software solutions that support Ciena’s installed base of network solutions. Platform software-related services revenue includes sales of subscription, installation, support, and consulting services related to Ciena’s software platforms, operating system software and enhanced software features embedded in each of the Networking Platforms product lines above. Revenue from the software portion of this segment is included in product revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenue from services portions of this segment is included in services revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

•Blue Planet® Automation Software and Services is a comprehensive, micro-services, standards-based open software suite, together with related services, that enables customers to implement large-scale software and IT-led operations support system (OSS) transformations by transforming legacy networks into “service ready” networks, accelerating the creation, delivery and lifecycle management of new, cloud-based services. Ciena’s Blue Planet Automation Platform includes multi-domain service orchestration (MDSO), inventory management (BPI), route optimization and analysis (ROA), network function virtualization orchestration (NFVO), and unified assurance and analytics (UAA). Services revenue includes sales of subscription, installation, support, consulting and design services related to Ciena’s Blue Planet Automation Platform. Revenue from the software portion of this segment is included in product revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenue from services portions of this segment is included in services revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Ciena’s software platform revenue typically reflects either perpetual or term-based software licenses, and these sales are considered distinct performance obligations in which revenue is generally recognized upfront at a point in time upon transfer of control. Revenue from software subscription and support is recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed. Revenue from professional services for solution customization, software and solution support services, consulting and design, and build-operate-transfer services relating to Ciena’s software offerings is recognized over time with Ciena applying the input method to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in a given period.

•Global Services revenue reflects sales of a broad range of Ciena’s services for maintenance support and training, installation and deployment, and consulting and network design activities. Revenue from this segment is included in services revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Ciena’s Global Services are considered a distinct performance obligation where revenue is generally recognized over time. Revenue from maintenance support is recognized ratably over the period during which the services are performed. Revenue from installation and deployment services and consulting and network design services is recognized over time with Ciena applying the input method to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in a given period. Revenue from training services is generally recognized at a point in time upon completion of the service.

Contract Balances
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from contracts with customers (in thousands):
Balance at January 29, 2022Balance at October 30, 2021
Accounts receivable, net$795,247 $884,958 
Contract assets for unbilled accounts receivable, net$117,003 $101,355 
Deferred revenue$185,626 $175,464 

Ciena’s contract assets represent unbilled accounts receivable, net where transfer of a product or service has occurred but invoicing is conditional upon completion of future performance obligations. These amounts are primarily related to installation and deployment and professional services arrangements where transfer of control has occurred, but Ciena has not yet invoiced the customer. Contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 11 below.

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and represent advanced payments against non-cancelable customer orders received prior to revenue recognition. Ciena recognized approximately $56.8 million and $46.4 million of revenue during the first three months of fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively. Revenue recognized due to changes in transaction price from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was immaterial during the three months ended January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021.

Capitalized Contract Acquisition Costs

Capitalized contract acquisition costs consist of deferred sales commissions, and were $29.6 million and $27.6 million as of January 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, respectively. Capitalized contract acquisition costs were included in prepaid expenses and other and other long-term assets. The amortization expense associated with these costs was $7.0 million and $5.5 million during the first three months of fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was included in selling and marketing expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining Performance Obligations (“RPO”) are comprised of non-cancelable customer purchase orders for products and services that are awaiting transfer of control for revenue recognition under the applicable contract terms. As of January 29, 2022, the aggregate amount of RPO was $2.4 billion. As of January 29, 2022, Ciena expects approximately 89% of the RPO to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months.