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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes For the periods indicated, the provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
Provision for income taxes: 
Current: 
Federal$4,363 $13,143 $8,327 
State13,328 16,945 8,219 
Foreign12,640 9,816 13,294 
Total current30,331 39,904 29,840 
Deferred: 
Federal60,679 31,872 475,951 
(1)
State4,607 (9,159)(8,202)
Foreign(947)(2,861)(4,118)
Total deferred64,339 19,852 463,631 
Provision for income taxes$94,670 $59,756 $493,471 

(1) The income tax expense for 2018 includes the impact of the remeasurement of the net deferred tax assets and the federal transition tax. See further discussion below.
Income before provision (benefit) for income taxes
For the periods indicated, income before provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
United States$387,697 $256,461 $106,972 
Foreign68,264 56,729 41,809 
Total$455,961 $313,190 $148,781 
Tax provision (benefit) reconciles to the amount computed by multiplying income or loss before income taxes by the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%
For the periods indicated, the tax provision reconciles to the amount computed by multiplying income before income taxes by the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, and 23.4% for fiscal 2018 (see note below) as follows:
 Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019November 3, 2018
Provision at statutory rate21.00 %21.00 %23.41 %
Deferred tax assets remeasurement— %— %294.56 %
Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax(1.02)%3.60 %— %
State taxes2.21 %2.18 %(0.16)%
Foreign taxes0.51 %(0.37)%1.22 %
Research and development credit(7.74)%(7.53)%(8.80)%
Non-deductible compensation1.79 %1.01 %3.39 %
Fair value of debt conversion liability— %— %1.90 %
Transition tax0.02 %0.29 %23.23 %
Valuation allowance3.58 %(2.13)%(11.95)%
Other0.41 %1.03 %4.88 %
Effective income tax rate20.76 %19.08 %331.68 %
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The significant components of DTA are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended
 October 31, 2020November 2, 2019
Deferred tax assets: 
Reserves and accrued liabilities$73,825 $54,183 
Depreciation and amortization504,233 455,007 
NOL and credit carry forward188,157 302,325 
Other33,017 39,405 
Gross deferred tax assets799,232 850,920 
Valuation allowance(151,427)(135,978)
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance$647,805 $714,942 
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows (in thousands):
Amount
Unrecognized tax benefits at October 28, 2017$141,582 
Decrease related to positions taken in prior period(46,400)
Increase related to positions taken in current period2,482 
Reductions related to expiration of statute of limitations(1,301)
Unrecognized tax benefits at November 3, 201896,363 
Increase related to positions taken in prior period1,959 
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities(1,224)
Reductions related to expiration of statute of limitations(2,494)
Unrecognized tax benefits at November 2, 201994,604 
Increase related to positions taken in prior period653 
Increase related to positions taken in current period1,151 
Reductions related to expiration of statute of limitations(660)
Unrecognized tax benefits at October 31, 2020$95,748 
Summary of valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets
The following table summarizes the activity in Ciena’s valuation allowance against its gross deferred tax assets (in thousands):
Year EndedBeginning BalanceAdditionsDeductionsEnding Balance
November 3, 2018$185,898 $23,720 $66,968 $142,650 
November 2, 2019$142,650 $27,459 $34,131 $135,978 
October 31, 2020$135,978 $25,749 $10,300 $151,427