RESTRUCTURING COSTS

Ciena has undertaken a number of restructuring activities intended to reduce expense and to better align its workforce and costs with market opportunities, product development and business strategies. The following table sets forth the restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability accounts for the six months ended April 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Workforce reduction				Consolidation of excess facilities				Total
Balance at October 31, 2017	$	1,291			$	1,648			$	2,939
Additional liability recorded	8,232			⁽¹⁾	2,088			⁽²⁾	10,320
Cash payments	(8,211		)		(1,896		)		(10,107		)
Balance at April 30, 2018	$	1,312			$	1,840			$	3,152
Current restructuring liabilities	$	1,312			$	865			$	2,177
Non-current restructuring liabilities	$	—			$	975			$	975


(1)	Reflects a global workforce reduction of approximately 150 employees during fiscal 2018 as part of a business optimization strategy to improve gross margin, constrain operating expense and redesign certain business processes.


(2)	Reflects unfavorable lease commitments in connection with a portion of facilities located in Petaluma, California.

The following table sets forth the restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability accounts for the six months ended April 30, 2017 (in thousands):



	Workforce reduction				Consolidation of excess facilities				Total
Balance at October 31, 2016	$	868			$	1,970			$	2,838
Additional liability recorded	2,369			⁽¹⁾	4,302			⁽²⁾	6,671
Cash payments	(3,084		)		(1,133		)		(4,217		)
Balance at April 30, 2017	$	153			$	5,139			$	5,292
Current restructuring liabilities	$	153			$	4,928			$	5,081
Non-current restructuring liabilities	$	—			$	211			$	211


(1)	Reflects a global workforce reduction of approximately 50 employees during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 as part of a business optimization strategy to improve gross margin, constrain operating expense and redesign certain business processes and systems.


(2)	Reflects unfavorable lease commitments and relocation costs incurred during the second quarter of fiscal 2017 in connection with the facility transition from Ciena's existing research and development center located at Lab 10 on the former Nortel Carling Campus to a new campus facility in Ottawa, Canada.