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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 12 Months Ended
Jan. 02, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN (“ESOP”) — Most U.S. employees may make contributions that do not exceed 25% of their eligible compensation to a tax-deferred 401(k) savings plan, subject to restrictions under tax laws. Employees generally direct the investment of their own contributions into various investment funds. An employer match benefit is provided under the plan equal to one-half of each employee’s tax-deferred contribution up to the first 7% of their compensation. Participants direct the entire employer match benefit such that no participant is required to hold the Company’s common stock in their 401(k) account. The employer match benefit, which was suspended in the second quarter of 2020, totaled $10.9 million, $28.8 million and $28.0 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In addition to the regular employer match, $0.7 million was allocated to the employee's accounts for forfeitures and a surplus resulting from appreciation of the Company's share value in 2018. There was no additional employer match allocated to employee's accounts in 2020 and 2019.

In addition, approximately 9,300 U.S. salaried and non-union hourly employees are eligible to receive a non-contributory benefit under the Core benefit plan. Core benefit allocations range from 2% to 6% of eligible employee compensation based on age. Allocations for benefits earned under the Core plan, which were suspended in the second quarter of 2020, were $5.6 million, $28.8 million, and $29.0 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Assets held in participant Core accounts are invested in target date retirement funds which have an age-based allocation of investments.

Shares of the Company's common stock held by the ESOP were purchased with the proceeds of borrowings from the Company in 1991 ("1991 internal loan"). Shareowners' equity reflects a reduction equal to the cost basis of unearned (unallocated) shares purchased with the internal borrowings. In 2019 and 2018, the Company made additional contributions to the ESOP for $7.2 million, and $7.0 million, respectively, which were used by the ESOP to make additional payments on the 1991 internal loan. These payments triggered the release of 226,212 and 207,049 shares of unallocated stock in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Net ESOP activity recognized is comprised of the cost basis of shares released, the cost of the aforementioned Core and 401(k) match defined contribution benefits, less the fair value of shares released and dividends on unallocated ESOP shares. The Company’s net ESOP activity resulted in expense of $6.3 million in 2020, income of $0.5 million in 2019 and expense of $0.4 million in 2018. ESOP expense is affected by the market value of the Company’s common stock on the monthly dates when shares are released. The weighted-average market value of shares released was $146.08 per share in 2020, $138.67 per share in 2019 and $139.45 per share in 2018.

Unallocated shares are released from the trust based on current period debt principal and interest payments as a percentage of total future debt principal and interest payments. Dividends on both allocated and unallocated shares may be used for debt service and to credit participant accounts for dividends earned on allocated shares. Dividends paid on the shares acquired with the 1991 internal loan were used solely to pay internal loan debt service in all periods. Dividends on ESOP shares, which are charged to shareowners’ equity as declared, were $1.3 million, $6.3 million and $7.7 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, net of the tax benefit which is recorded in earnings. Dividends on ESOP shares were utilized entirely for debt service in all years. Interest costs incurred by the ESOP on the 1991 internal loan, which have no earnings impact, were $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $1.6 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Both allocated and unallocated ESOP shares are treated as outstanding for purposes of computing earnings per share. As of January 2, 2021, the cumulative number of ESOP shares allocated was 15,541,357, of which participants held 1,638,044 shares. There are no unallocated shares remaining as of January 2, 2021, as all shares in the ESOP trust holding account have been released. The Company made cash contributions totaling $9.2 million in 2020, $2.2 million in 2019 and $2.3 million in 2018, excluding additional contributions of $7.2 million and $7.0 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, as discussed previously.

PENSION AND OTHER BENEFIT PLANS — The Company sponsors pension plans covering most domestic hourly and certain executive employees, and approximately 12,500 foreign employees. Benefits are generally based on salary and years of service, except for U.S. collective bargaining employees whose benefits are based on a stated amount for each year of service.

The Company contributes to a number of multi-employer plans for certain collective bargaining U.S. employees. The risks of participating in these multi-employer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects:
a.    Assets contributed to the multi-employer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefit to employees of other participating employers.
b.    If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be inherited by the remaining participating employers.
c.    If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multi-employer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.
In addition, the Company also contributes to a number of multi-employer plans outside of the U.S. The foreign plans are insured, therefore, the Company’s obligation is limited to the payment of insurance premiums.

The Company has assessed and determined that none of the multi-employer plans to which it contributes are individually significant to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company does not expect to incur a withdrawal liability or expect to significantly increase its contributions over the remainder of the contract period.

In addition to the multi-employer plans, various other defined contribution plans are sponsored worldwide.

The expense for defined contribution plans, aside from the earlier discussed ESOP plans, is as follows: 
(Millions of Dollars)202020192018
Multi-employer plan expense$7.8 $7.2 $7.3 
Other defined contribution plan expense$29.7 $36.2 $12.9 

The components of net periodic pension expense (benefit) are as follows:
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
(Millions of Dollars)202020192018202020192018
Service cost$6.8 $12.3 $7.5 $16.1 $14.6 $15.2 
Interest cost35.3 47.1 42.8 22.5 30.3 28.6 
Expected return on plan assets(58.7)(61.7)(68.7)(41.2)(45.6)(46.5)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)1.0 1.0 1.1 (0.7)(0.6)(1.3)
Actuarial loss amortization8.5 8.0 7.8 11.7 8.6 8.5 
Special termination benefit— — — 0.2 — — 
Settlement / curtailment loss— — — 0.6 1.0 0.7 
Net periodic pension (benefit) expense$(7.1)$6.7 $(9.5)$9.2 $8.3 $5.2 

The Company provides medical and dental benefits for certain retired employees in the United States, Brazil, and Canada. Approximately 16,100 participants are covered under these plans. Net periodic post-retirement benefit expense was comprised of the following elements:
 Other Benefit Plans
(Millions of Dollars)202020192018
Service cost$0.6 $0.3 $0.5 
Interest cost1.5 1.6 1.6 
Amortization of prior service credit(1.3)(1.4)(1.3)
Actuarial loss amortization0.3 (0.3)— 
Special termination benefit16.1 — — 
Net periodic post-retirement expense$17.2 $0.2 $0.8 

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in 2020 are as follows:
(Millions of Dollars)2020
Current year actuarial loss$51.9 
Amortization of actuarial loss(19.5)
Prior service cost from plan amendments0.2 
Settlement / curtailment loss(0.6)
Currency / other18.4 
Total loss recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax)$50.4 

The amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit costs during 2021 total $22.3 million, representing amortization of actuarial losses.
The changes in the pension and other post-retirement benefit obligations, fair value of plan assets, as well as amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are shown below.
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansOther Benefits
(Millions of Dollars)202020192020201920202019
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at end of prior year$1,325.4 $1,260.9 $1,449.9 $1,305.3 $52.2 $44.8 
Service cost6.8 12.3 16.1 14.6 0.6 0.3 
Interest cost35.3 47.1 22.5 30.3 1.5 1.6 
Special termination benefit— — 0.2 — 16.1 — 
Settlements/curtailments— — (5.5)(6.0)— — 
Actuarial loss (gain)123.3 130.4 112.0 140.6 (2.9)8.6 
Plan amendments0.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes— — 84.9 25.8 (1.8)— 
Participant contributions— — 0.3 0.3 — — 
Acquisitions, divestitures, and other(4.0)(10.0)(6.5)(2.2)— 2.4 
Benefits paid(82.6)(116.7)(51.7)(59.5)(4.5)(5.5)
Benefit obligation at end of year$1,404.3 $1,325.4 $1,622.3 $1,449.9 $61.2 $52.2 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at end of prior year$1,103.5 $1,020.7 $1,093.5 $974.3 $— $— 
Actual return on plan assets160.9 190.0 119.3 133.2 — — 
Participant contributions— — 0.3 0.3 — — 
Employer contributions13.7 19.5 22.0 22.6 4.5 5.5 
Settlements— — (5.2)(5.6)— — 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes— — 55.6 30.4 — — 
Acquisitions, divestitures, and other(4.0)(10.0)(4.2)(2.2)— — 
Benefits paid(82.6)(116.7)(51.7)(59.5)(4.5)(5.5)
Fair value of plan assets at end of plan year$1,191.5 $1,103.5 $1,229.6 $1,093.5 $— $— 
Funded status — assets less than benefit obligation$(212.8)$(221.9)$(392.7)$(356.4)$(61.2)$(52.2)
Unrecognized prior service cost (credit)3.8 4.7 (17.4)(17.5)(0.6)(2.0)
Unrecognized net actuarial loss (gain)278.7 266.2 360.3 318.7 (3.2)1.1 
Net amount recognized$69.7 $49.0 $(49.8)$(55.2)$(65.0)$(53.1)
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansOther Benefits
(Millions of Dollars)202020192020201920202019
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Prepaid benefit cost (non-current)$— $— $0.2 $0.1 $— $— 
Current benefit liability(7.3)(7.6)(10.2)(9.1)(6.8)(4.5)
Non-current benefit liability(205.5)(214.3)(382.7)(347.4)(54.4)(47.7)
Net liability recognized$(212.8)$(221.9)$(392.7)$(356.4)$(61.2)$(52.2)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax):
Prior service cost (credit)$3.8 $4.7 $(17.4)$(17.5)$(0.6)$(2.0)
Actuarial loss (gain)278.7 266.2 360.3 318.7 (3.2)1.1 
282.5 270.9 342.9 301.2 (3.8)(0.9)
Net amount recognized$69.7 $49.0 $(49.8)$(55.2)$(65.0)$(53.1)
Actuarial losses and gains reflected in the table above are driven by changes in demographic experience, changes in assumptions, and differences in actual returns on investments compared to estimated returns. For the year ended January 2, 2021, the increase in the benefit obligation as a result of actuarial losses was primarily driven by the decline in the single equivalent discount rate used to measure these obligations. These actuarial losses were partially offset by an improved funded position, as the actual return on plan assets during the year exceeded the estimated return, and an updated mortality improvement scale which slightly reduced the projected obligation.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $3.022 billion at January 2, 2021 and $2.768 billion at December 28, 2019. Information regarding pension plans in which accumulated benefit obligations exceed plan assets follows: 
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
(Millions of Dollars)2020201920202019
Accumulated benefit obligation$1,401.5 $1,323.7 $1,531.8 $1,390.1 
Fair value of plan assets$1,191.5 $1,103.5 $1,201.3 $1,090.8 
Information regarding pension plans in which projected benefit obligations (inclusive of anticipated future compensation increases) exceed plan assets follows: 
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
(Millions of Dollars)2020201920202019
Projected benefit obligation$1,404.3 $1,325.4 $1,619.9 $1,448.6 
Fair value of plan assets$1,191.5 $1,103.5 $1,227.0 $1,092.0 
The major assumptions used in valuing pension and post-retirement plan obligations and net costs were as follows:
 Pension Benefits
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansOther Benefits
 202020192018202020192018202020192018
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at year end:
Discount rate2.39 %3.20 %4.20 %1.31 %1.80 %2.62 %2.19 %3.64 %4.03 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.50 %3.00 %3.29 %3.30 %3.44 %3.50 %3.50 %3.50 %
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate - service cost3.58 %4.43 %3.72 %1.57 %2.37 %2.15 %5.62 %5.22 %5.11 %
Discount rate - interest cost2.75 %3.86 %3.16 %1.61 %2.37 %2.20 %3.36 %4.04 %3.77 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %3.00 %3.30 %3.44 %3.45 %3.50 %3.50 %3.50 %
Expected return on plan assets5.25 %6.25 %6.25 %3.90 %4.73 %4.37 %— — — 
The expected rate of return on plan assets is determined considering the returns projected for the various asset classes and the relative weighting for each asset class. The Company will use a 3.16% weighted-average expected rate of return assumption to determine the 2021 net periodic benefit cost.
PENSION PLAN ASSETS — Plan assets are invested in equity securities, government and corporate bonds and other fixed income securities, money market instruments and insurance contracts. The Company’s worldwide asset allocations at January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019 by asset category and the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, are as follows:
Asset Category (Millions of Dollars)
2020Level 1Level 2
Cash and cash equivalents$83.2 $69.0 $14.2 
Equity securities
U.S. equity securities329.4 91.2 238.2 
Foreign equity securities234.1 65.7 168.4 
Fixed income securities
Government securities821.6 285.8 535.8 
Corporate securities867.6 — 867.6 
Insurance contracts41.7 — 41.7 
Other43.5 — 43.5 
Total$2,421.1 $511.7 $1,909.4 
 
Asset Category (Millions of Dollars)
2019Level 1Level 2
Cash and cash equivalents$35.8 $16.1 $19.7 
Equity securities
U.S. equity securities321.4 111.1 210.3 
Foreign equity securities259.4 95.8 163.6 
Fixed income securities
Government securities741.6 271.5 470.1 
Corporate securities751.5 — 751.5 
Insurance contracts39.0 — 39.0 
Other48.3 — 48.3 
Total$2,197.0 $494.5 $1,702.5 
U.S. and foreign equity securities primarily consist of companies with large market capitalizations and to a lesser extent mid and small capitalization securities. Government securities primarily consist of U.S. Treasury securities and foreign government securities with de minimus default risk. Corporate fixed income securities include publicly traded U.S. and foreign investment grade and to a small extent high yield securities. Assets held in insurance contracts are invested in the general asset pools of the various insurers, mainly debt and equity securities with guaranteed returns. Other investments include diversified private equity holdings. The level 2 investments are primarily comprised of institutional mutual funds that are not publicly traded; the investments held in these mutual funds are generally level 1 publicly traded securities.

The Company's investment strategy for pension assets focuses on a liability-matching approach with gradual de-risking taking place over a period of many years.  The Company utilizes the current funded status to transition the portfolio toward investments that better match the duration and cash flow attributes of the underlying liabilities. Assets approximating 50% of the Company's current pension liabilities have been invested in fixed income securities, using a liability / asset matching duration strategy, with the primary goal of mitigating exposure to interest rate movements and preserving the overall funded status of the underlying plans. Plan assets are broadly diversified and are invested to ensure adequate liquidity for immediate and medium term benefit payments. The Company’s target asset allocations include approximately 20%-40% in equity securities, approximately 50%-70% in fixed income securities and approximately 10% in other securities. In 2020, the funded status percentage (total plan assets divided by total projected benefit obligation) of all global pension plans was 80%, which is consistent with 79% in 2019 and 78% in 2018.

CONTRIBUTIONS —  The Company’s funding policy for its defined benefit plans is to contribute amounts determined annually on an actuarial basis to provide for current and future benefits in accordance with federal law and other regulations. The Company expects to contribute approximately $41 million to its pension and other post-retirement benefit plans in 2021.

EXPECTED FUTURE BENEFIT PAYMENTS —  Benefit payments, inclusive of amounts attributable to estimated future employee service, are expected to be paid as follows over the next 10 years:
(Millions of Dollars)TotalYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Years 6-10
Future payments$1,440.2 $146.5 $146.4 $148.6 $146.4 $144.6 $707.7 
These benefit payments will be funded through a combination of existing plan assets, the returns on those assets, and amounts to be contributed in the future by the Company.
HEALTH CARE COST TRENDS — The weighted-average annual assumed rate of increase in the per-capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost trend rate) is assumed to be 6.0% for 2021, reducing gradually to 4.6% by 2028 and remaining at that level thereafter.