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Equity Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Notes To Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Equity Arrangements
EQUITY ARRANGEMENTS

In March 2018, the Company purchased from a financial institution “at-the-money” capped call options with an approximate term of three years, on 3.2 million shares of its common stock (subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments) for an aggregate premium of $57.3 million, or an average of $17.96 per share. The premium paid was recorded as a reduction of Shareowners’ equity. The purpose of the capped call options is to hedge the risk of stock price appreciation between the lower and upper strike prices of the capped call options for a future share repurchase.

The capped call has an initial lower strike price of $156.86 and an upper strike price of $203.92, which is approximately 30% higher than the closing price of the Company's common stock on March 13, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, there has been no change to the upper and lower strike prices. The aggregate fair value of the options at March 31, 2018 was $53.6 million.

The capped call transactions may be settled by net share settlement (the default settlement method) or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, cash settlement, physical settlement or modified physical settlement. The number of shares the Company will receive will be determined by the terms of the contracts using a volume-weighted-average price calculation for the market value of the Company's common stock, over an averaging period. The market value determined will then be measured against the applicable strike price of the capped call transactions.

In March 2015, the Company entered into a forward share purchase contract with a financial counterparty for 3,645,510 shares of common stock. The contract obligates the Company to pay $350.0 million, plus an additional amount related to the forward component of the contract, in April 2019, or earlier at the Company's option. The reduction of common shares outstanding was recorded at the inception of the forward share purchase contract in March 2015 and factored into the calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding at that time.

$750 Million Equity Units and Capped Call Transactions

In May 2017, the Company issued 7,500,000 Equity Units with a total notional value of $750.0 million (“$750 million Equity Units”). Each unit has a stated amount of $100 and initially consists of a three-year forward stock purchase contract (“2020 Purchase Contracts”) for the purchase of a variable number of shares of common stock, on May 15, 2020, for a price of $100, and a 10% beneficial ownership interest in one share of 0% Series C Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, without par, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (“Series C Preferred Stock”). The Company received approximately $727.5 million in cash proceeds from the $750 million Equity Units, net of underwriting costs and commissions, before offering expenses, and issued 750,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, recording $750.0 million in preferred stock. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of short-term borrowings. The Company also used $25.1 million of the proceeds to enter into capped call transactions utilized to hedge potential economic dilution as described in more detail below.

Convertible Preferred Stock

In May 2017, the Company issued 750,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, without par, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The convertible preferred stock will initially not bear any dividends and the liquidation preference of the convertible preferred stock will not accrete. The convertible preferred stock has no maturity date, and will remain outstanding unless converted by holders or redeemed by the Company. Holders of shares of the convertible preferred stock will generally have no voting rights.The Series C Preferred Stock is pledged as collateral to support holders’ purchase obligations under the 2020 Purchase Contracts and can be remarketed. In connection with any successful remarketing, the Company may (but is not required to) modify certain terms of the convertible preferred stock, including the dividend rate, the conversion rate, and the earliest redemption date. After any successful remarketing in connection with which the dividend rate on the convertible preferred stock is increased, the Company will pay cumulative dividends on the convertible preferred stock, if declared by the board of directors, quarterly in arrears from the applicable remarketing settlement date.

On and after May 15, 2020, the Series C Preferred Stock may be converted into common stock at the option of the holder. The initial conversion rate was 6.1627 shares of common stock per one share of Series C Preferred Stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $162.27 per share of common stock. As of March 31, 2018, due to the customary anti-dilution provisions, the conversion rate was 6.1687, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $162.11 per share of common stock. At the election of the Company, upon conversion, the Company may deliver cash, common stock, or a combination thereof.

The Company may not redeem the Series C Preferred Stock prior to June 22, 2020. At the election of the Company, on or after June 22, 2020, the Company may redeem for cash, all or any portion of the outstanding shares of the Series C Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. If the Company calls the Series C Preferred Stock for redemption, holders may convert their shares immediately preceding the redemption date.

2020 Purchase Contracts

The 2020 Purchase Contracts obligate the holders to purchase, on May 15, 2020, for a price of $100 in cash, a maximum number of 5.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments). The 2020 Purchase Contract holders may elect to settle their obligation early, in cash. The Series C Preferred Stock is pledged as collateral to guarantee the holders’ obligations to purchase common stock under the terms of the 2020 Purchase Contracts. The initial settlement rate determining the number of shares that each holder must purchase will not exceed the maximum settlement rate, and is determined over a market value averaging period immediately preceding May 15, 2020.

The initial maximum settlement rate of 0.7241 was calculated using an initial reference price of $138.10, equal to the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock on May 11, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, due to the customary anti-dilution provisions, the maximum settlement rate was 0.7248, equivalent to a reference price of $137.97. If the applicable market value of the Company's common stock is less than or equal to the reference price, the settlement rate will be the maximum settlement rate; and if the applicable market value of common stock is greater than the reference price, the settlement rate will be a number of shares of the Company's common stock equal to $100 divided by the applicable market value. Upon settlement of the 2020 Purchase Contracts, the Company will receive additional cash proceeds of $750 million.

The Company will make quarterly payments ("Contracts Adjustment Payments") to the holders of the 2020 Purchase Contracts at a rate of 5.375% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15, commencing August 15, 2017. The $117.1 million present value of the Contract Adjustment Payments reduced Shareowners’ Equity at inception. As each quarterly Contract Adjustment Payment is made, the related liability is reduced and the difference between the cash payment and the present value will accrete to interest expense, approximately $1.3 million per year over the three-year term. As of March 31, 2018, the present value of the Contract Adjustment Payments was $88.0 million.

The holders can settle the purchase contracts early, for cash, subject to certain exceptions and conditions in the prospectus supplement. Upon early settlement of any purchase contracts, the Company will deliver the number of shares of its common stock equal to 85% of the number of shares of common stock that would have otherwise been deliverable.

Capped Call Transactions

In order to offset the potential economic dilution associated with the common shares issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock, to the extent that the conversion value of the convertible preferred stock exceeds its liquidation preference, the Company entered into capped call transactions with three major financial institutions.

The capped call transactions have a term of approximately three years and are intended to cover the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock. Subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the capped call has an initial lower strike price of $162.27, which corresponds to the minimum 6.1627 settlement rate of the Series C Preferred Stock, and an upper strike price of $179.53, which is approximately 30% higher than the closing price of the Company's common stock on May 11, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, due to the customary anti-dilution provisions, the capped call transactions had an adjusted lower strike price of $162.11 and an adjusted upper strike price of $179.35.

The capped call transactions may be settled by net share settlement (the default settlement method) or, at the Company’s option and subject to certain conditions, cash settlement, physical settlement or modified physical settlement. The number of shares the Company will receive will be determined by the terms of the contracts using a volume-weighted-average price calculation for the market value of the Company's common stock, over an averaging period. The market value determined will then be measured against the applicable strike price of the capped call transactions. The Company expects the capped call transactions to offset the potential dilution upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock if the calculated market value is greater than the lower strike price but less than or equal to the upper strike price of the capped call transactions. Should the calculated market value exceed the upper strike price of the capped call transactions, the dilution mitigation will be limited based on such capped value as determined under the terms of the contracts.

With respect to the impact on the Company, the capped call transactions and $750 million Equity Units, when taken together, result in the economic equivalent of having the conversion price on $750 million Equity Units at $179.35, the upper strike of the capped call as of March 31, 2018.

In May 2017, the Company paid $25.1 million, or an average of $5.43 per option, to enter into capped call transactions on 4.6 million shares of common stock. The $25.1 million premium paid was a reduction of Shareowners’ Equity. The aggregate fair value of the options at March 31, 2018 was $31.0 million.