1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

ACI Worldwide, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ACI” or the “Company”), develop, market, install, and support a broad line of software products and services primarily focused on facilitating electronic payments. In addition to its own products, the Company distributes, or acts as a sales agent for software developed by third parties. These products and services are used principally by financial institutions, retailers, and electronic-payment processors, both in domestic and international markets.

Consolidated Financial Statements

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Recently acquired subsidiaries that are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the date of their acquisition include: Retail Decisions Europe Limited (“ReD Europe”) and all its subsidiaries and Retail Decisions, Inc. (“ReD, Inc.”) (collectively “ReD”) acquired during the year ended December 31, 2014, Official Payments Holdings, Inc. (“OPAY”), Online Resources Corporation (“ORCC”), and Profesionales en Transacciones Electonicas S.A. (“PTESA”) acquired during the year ended December 31, 2013 and S1 Corporation (“S1”), North Data Uruguay S.A. (“North Data”), and Distra Pty Ltd. (“Distra”) acquired during the year ended December 31, 2012. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Capital Stock

The Company’s outstanding capital stock consists of a single class of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote upon each matter subject to a stockholders vote and to dividends if and when declared by the Board of Directors.

On April 10, 2014, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a three-for-one stock split of the Company’s common stock, which was affected in the form of a common stock dividend distributed on July 10, 2014. The Company’s par value remained $0.005 per common share, resulting in an adjustment to increase the total common stock balance with an equal and offsetting adjustment to additional paid-in-capital. Stockholders’ equity and all references to share and per share amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the three-for-one stock split for all periods presented.

Noncontrolling Interest

On April 10, 2014, the Company dissolved its partnership based in South Africa with Cornastone Technology Investments (Proprietary) Limited (“CTI”). As a result, the Company paid CTI approximately $1.5 million during the year-ended December 31, 2014 for CTI’s noncontrolling interest and loan balance. Noncontrolling interest in this partnership of $1.1 million was included in other noncurrent liabilities as of December 31, 2013.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition, Receivables and Deferred Revenue

License. The Company recognizes license revenue in accordance with ASC 985-605, Revenue Recognition: Software. For software license arrangements for which services rendered are primarily related to installation of core software and are not considered essential to the functionality of the software, the Company recognizes revenue upon delivery, provided (i) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, (ii) collection of the fee is considered probable and (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable. In most arrangements, vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value does not exist for the license element; therefore, the Company uses the residual method under ASC 985-605 to determine the amount of revenue to be allocated to the license element. Under ASC 985-605, the fair value of all undelivered elements, such as post contract customer support (maintenance or “PCS”) or other products or services, is deferred and subsequently recognized as the products are delivered or the services are performed, with the residual difference between the total arrangement fee and revenues allocated to undelivered elements being allocated to the delivered element.

When a software license arrangement includes services to provide significant modification or customization of software, those services are considered essential to the functionality of the software and are not separable from the software. These arrangements are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-35, Revenue Recognition: Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts, generally referred to as contract accounting. Under contract accounting, the Company generally uses the percentage-of-completion method. For those contracts subject to percentage-of-completion contract accounting, estimates of total revenue and profitability under the contract consider amounts due under extended payment terms. The Company recognizes revenue under these arrangements based on the lesser of payments that become due or the revenue calculated under the percentage-of-completion method. Under the percentage-of-completion method, the Company records revenue for the license and services over the development and implementation period, with the percentage of completion generally measured by the percentage of labor hours incurred to-date to estimated total labor hours for each contract. In the event project profitability is assured and estimable within a range, percentage-of-completion revenue recognition is computed using the lowest level of profitability in the range. If it is determined that a loss will result from the performance of a contract, the entire amount of the loss is recognized in the period in which it is determined that a loss will result.

For software license arrangements in which a significant portion of the fee is due more than 12 months after delivery or when payment terms are significantly beyond the Company’s standard business practice, the license is deemed not to be fixed or determinable. For software license arrangements in which the fee is not considered fixed or determinable, the license is recognized as revenue as payments become due and payable, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. For software license arrangements in which the Company has concluded that collection of the fees is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. In making the determination of collectability, the Company considers the creditworthiness of the customer, economic conditions in the customer’s industry and geographic location, and general economic conditions.

ASC 985-605 requires the seller of software that includes PCS to establish VSOE of fair value of the undelivered element of the contract in order to account separately for the PCS revenue. The Company has traditionally established VSOE of the fair value of PCS by reference to stated renewals, expressed in dollar terms, or separate sales with consistent pricing of PCS expressed in percentage terms. In determining whether a stated renewal is not substantive, the Company considers factors such as whether the period of the initial PCS term is relatively long when compared to the term of the software license or whether the PCS renewal rate is significantly below the Company’s normal pricing practices. In determining whether PCS pricing is consistent, the Company considers the population of separate sales that are within a reasonably narrow range of the median within the identified market segment over the trailing 12 month period.

For those software license arrangements that include customer-specific acceptance provisions, such provisions are generally presumed to be substantive and the Company does not recognize revenue until the earlier of the receipt of a written customer acceptance, objective demonstration that the delivered product meets the customer-specific acceptance criteria or the expiration of the acceptance period. The Company recognizes revenues on such arrangements upon the earlier of receipt of written acceptance or the first production use of the software by the customer. In the absence of customer-specific acceptance provisions, software license arrangements generally grant customers a right of refund or replacement only if the licensed software does not perform in accordance with its published specifications. If the Company’s product history supports an assessment by management that the likelihood of non-acceptance is remote, the Company recognizes revenue when all other criteria of revenue recognition are met.

For software license arrangements in which the Company acts as a sales agent for another company’s products, revenues are recorded on a net basis. These include arrangements in which the Company does not take title to the products, is not responsible for providing the product or service, earns a fixed commission, or assumes credit risk only to the extent of its commission. For software license arrangements in which the Company acts as a distributor of another company’s product, and in certain circumstances, modifies or enhances the product, revenues are recorded on a gross basis. These include arrangements in which the Company takes title to the products and is responsible for providing the product or service.

For software license arrangements in which the Company utilizes a third-party distributor or sales agent, the Company recognizes revenue on a sell-in basis when business practices and operating history indicate that there is no risk of returns, rebates, or credits and there are no other risks related to the distributor or sales agents’ ability to honor payment or distribution commitments. For other arrangements in which any of the above factors indicate that there are risks of returns, rebates, or credits or any other risks related to the distributors’ or sales agents’ ability to honor payment or distribution commitments, the Company recognizes revenue on a sell-through basis.

For software license arrangements in which the Company permits the customer to receive unspecified future software products during the software license term, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the license term, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. For software license arrangements in which the Company grants the customer a right to exchange the original software product for specified future software products with more than minimal differences in features, functionality, and/or price, during the license term, revenue is recognized upon the earlier of delivery of the additional software products or at the time the exchange right lapses. For customers granted a right to exchange the original software product for specified future software products where the Company has determined price, feature, and functionality differences are minimal, the exchange right is accounted for as a like-kind exchange and revenue is recognized upon delivery of the currently licensed product. For software license arrangements in which the customer is charged variable license fees based on usage of the product, the Company recognizes revenue as usage occurs over the term of the licenses, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Effective July 2013, the Company establishes VSOE of fair value of PCS by reference to stated renewals for all identified market segments. The Company continues to consider factors such as whether the period of the initial PCS term is relatively long when compared to the term of the software license or whether the PCS renewal is significantly below the Company’s normal pricing practices. In determining whether PCS pricing is significantly below the Company’s normal pricing practice, the Company considers the population of stated renewal rates that are within a reasonably narrow range of the median within the identified market segment over the trailing 12 month period. The change in estimation methodology does not have a material effect on our financial statements.

Certain of the Company’s software license arrangements include PCS terms that fail to achieve VSOE of fair value due to non-substantive renewal periods, or contain a range of possible non-substantive PCS renewal amounts. For these arrangements, VSOE of fair value of PCS does not exist and revenues for the software license, PCS and services, if applicable, are considered to be one accounting unit and are therefore recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual service term or PCS term once the delivery of both services has commenced. The Company typically classifies revenues associated with these arrangements in accordance with the contractually specified amounts, which approximate fair value assigned to the various elements, including software license, maintenance and services, if applicable.

This allocation methodology has been applied to the following amounts included in revenues in the consolidated statements of income from arrangements for which VSOE of fair value does not exist for each undelivered element (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
License	$	22,211	$	22,190	$	38,226
Maintenance		7,699		9,649		14,178
Services		13		10		830

Total	$	29,923	$	31,849	$	53,234

Maintenance. The Company typically enters into multi-year time-based software license arrangements that vary in length but are generally five years. These arrangements include an initial (bundled) PCS term of one year with subsequent renewals for additional years within the initial license period. Effective July 2013, the Company establishes VSOE of the fair value of PCS by reference to stated renewals for all identified market segments. For arrangements in which the Company looks to substantive renewal rates to evidence VSOE of fair value of PCS and in which the PCS renewal rate and term are substantive, VSOE of fair value of PCS is determined by reference to the stated renewal rate. For these arrangements, PCS revenues are recognized ratably over the PCS term specified in the contract. In arrangements where VSOE of fair value of PCS cannot be determined (for example, a time-based software license with a duration of one year or less or when the range of possible PCS renewal amounts is not sufficiently narrow or is significantly below the Company’s normal pricing practices), the Company recognizes revenue for the entire arrangement ratably over the longer of the initial PCS term or the Services term (if any).

For those arrangements that meet the criteria to be accounted for under contract accounting, the Company determines whether VSOE of fair value exists for the PCS element. For those arrangements in which VSOE of fair value exists for the PCS element, PCS is accounted for separately and the balance of the arrangement is accounted for under ASC 985-605. For those arrangements in which VSOE of fair value does not exist for the PCS element all revenue is deferred until such time as the services are complete. Once services are complete, revenue is then recognized ratably over the remaining PCS period.

Services. The Company provides various professional services to customers, primarily project management, software implementation and software modification services. Revenues from arrangements to provide professional services are generally recognized as the related services are performed.

For those arrangements in which services revenue is deferred and the Company determines that the direct costs of services are recoverable, such costs are deferred and subsequently expensed in proportion to the related services revenue as it is recognized. For those arrangements that are accounted for under contract accounting, the Company accumulates and defers all direct and indirect costs allocable to the arrangement. For those arrangements that are not accounted for under contract accounting, the Company accumulates and defers all direct and incremental costs attributable to the arrangement.

Hosting. In accordance with ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements, a multiple-deliverable arrangement is separated into more than one unit of accounting if the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), and if delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in the control of the Company. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or being deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. If these criteria are met for each, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. The selling price for each element is based upon the following selling price hierarchy: VSOE if available, third party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

The Company enters into hosting-related arrangements that may consist of multiple service deliverables including initial implementation and setup services, on-going support services, and other services. The Company’s hosted products operate in a highly regulated and controlled environment which requires a highly specialized and unique set of initial implementation and setup services prior to the commencement of hosting-related services. Due to the essential and specialized nature of the implementation and setup services, these services do not qualify as separate units of accounting separate from the hosting service as the delivered services do not have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. The on-going support and other services are considered as separate units of accounting as are add-on products that do not impact the availability of functionality currently in use. The total arrangement consideration is allocated to each of the separate units of accounting based on their relative selling price and revenue is recognized over their respective service periods.

Hosting revenue also includes fees paid by our clients as a part of the acquired electronic bill presentment and payment products. Fees may be paid by our clients or directly by their customers and may be a percentage of the underlying transaction amount, a fixed fee per executed transaction or a monthly fee for each customer enrolled. Hosting costs include payment card interchange fees, assessments payable to banks and payment card processing fees.

Multiple Arrangements. The Company may execute more than one contract or agreement with a single customer. The separate contracts or agreements may be viewed as one multiple-element arrangement or separate agreements for revenue recognition purposes. The Company evaluates whether the agreements were negotiated as part of a single project, whether the products or services are interrelated or interdependent, whether fees in one arrangement are tied to performance in another arrangement, and whether elements in one arrangement are essential to the functionality in another arrangement in order to reach appropriate conclusions regarding whether such arrangements are related or separate. The conclusions reached can impact the timing of revenue recognition related to those arrangements.

Deferred Revenue. Deferred revenue includes amounts currently due and payable from customers, and payments received from customers, for software licenses, maintenance, hosting and/or services in advance of recording the related revenue.

Receivables and Concentration of Credit Risk. Receivables represent amounts billed and amounts earned that are to be billed in the near future. Included in accrued receivables are services and software hosting revenues earned in the current period but billed in the following period as well as license revenues that are determined to be fixed and determinable but billed in future periods.


	December 31,
	2014			2013
Billed Receivables	$	200,392		$	173,100
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(4,806	)		(4,459	)

Billed, net		195,586			168,641
Accrued Receivables		31,520			34,934

Receivables, net	$	227,106		$	203,575

No customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated receivables balance as of December 31, 2014 or 2013.

The Company maintains a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, along with additional customer-specific allowances. The Company regularly monitors credit risk exposures in accounts receivable. In estimating the necessary level of our allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the aging of accounts receivable, the creditworthiness of customers, economic conditions within the customer’s industry, and general economic conditions, among other factors.

The following reflects activity in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts receivable (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
Balance, beginning of period	$	(4,459	)	$	(8,117	)	$	(4,843	)
Provision (increase) decrease		(1,049	)		1,161			(3,173	)
Amounts written off, net of recoveries		1,053			2,296			35
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		(351	)		201			(136	)

Balance, end of period	$	(4,806	)	$	(4,459	)	$	(8,117	)

Provision (increases) decreases recorded in general and administrative expenses during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012 reflect increases (decreases) in the allowance for doubtful accounts based upon collection experience in the geographic regions in which the Company conducts business, net of collection of customer-specific receivables which were previously reserved for as doubtful of collection.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents includes holdings in checking, savings, money market and overnight sweep accounts, all of which have daily maturities, as well as time deposits with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value.

Other Current Assets and Other Current Liabilities


	December 31,
	2014		2013
Settlement deposits	$	13,252	$	27,770
Settlement receivables		11,032		20,119
Current debt issuance costs		6,244		5,276
Other		9,889		12,163

Total other current assets	$	40,417	$	65,328


	December 31,
	2014		2013
Settlement payables	$	21,715	$	42,841
Accrued interest		7,256		7,074
Vendor financed licenses		7,340		6,410
Royalties payable		4,070		5,627
Other		27,124		33,064

Total other current liabilities	$	67,505	$	95,016

Individuals and businesses settle their obligations to the Company’s various Clients, primarily utility and other public sector Clients, using credit or debit cards or via ACH payments. The Company creates a receivable for the amount due from the credit or debit card company and an offsetting payable to the Client. Once confirmation is received that the funds have been received, the Company settles the obligation to the Client. Due to timing, in some instances, the Company may receive the funds into bank accounts controlled by and in the Company’s name that are not disbursed to its Clients by the end of the day resulting in a settlement deposit on the Company’s books.

Off Balance Sheet Settlement Accounts

The Company also enters into agreements with certain clients to process payment funds on their behalf. When an automated clearing house or automated teller machine network payment transaction is processed, a transaction is initiated to withdraw funds from the designated source account and deposit them into a settlement account, which is a trust account maintained for the benefit of the Company’s clients. A simultaneous transaction is initiated to transfer funds from the settlement account to the intended destination account. These “back to back” transactions are designed to settle at the same time, usually overnight, such that the Company receives the funds from the source at the same time as it sends the funds to their destination. However, due to the transactions being with various financial institutions there may be timing differences that result in float balances. These funds are maintained in accounts for the benefit of the client which is separate from the Company’s corporate assets. As the Company does not take ownership of the funds, the settlement accounts are not included in the Company’s balance sheet. The Company is entitled to interest earned on the fund balances. The collection of interest on these settlement accounts is considered in the Company’s determination of its fee structure for clients and represents a portion of the payment for services performed by the Company. The amount of settlement funds as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $224.9 million and $284.0 million, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of these assets is generally computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives based on asset class. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, net property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Useful Lives	2014			2013
Computer and office equipment	3 to 5 years	$	81,850		$	72,163
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life of improvement or remaining life of lease		17,193			15,210
Furniture and fixtures	7 years		11,202			10,537
Building and improvements	7 – 30 years		8,884			5,869
Land	Non depreciable		1,785			1,336

			120,914			105,115
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(60,554	)		(47,768	)

Property and equipment, net		$	60,360		$	57,347

Software

Software may be for internal use or available for sale. Costs related to certain software, which is available for sale, are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, when the resulting product reaches technological feasibility. The Company generally determines technological feasibility when it has a detailed program design that takes product function, feature and technical requirements to their most detailed, logical form and is ready for coding. The Company does not typically capitalize costs related to software available for sale as technological feasibility generally coincides with general availability of the software.

Amortization of software costs to be sold or marketed externally, begins when the product is available for licensing to customers and is determined on a product-by-product basis. The annual amortization shall be the greater of the amount computed using (a) the ratio of current gross revenues for a product to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenues for that product or (b) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, including the period being reported on. Due to competitive pressures, it may be possible that the estimates of anticipated future gross revenue or remaining estimated economic life of the software product will be reduced significantly. As a result, the carrying amount of the software product may be reduced accordingly. Amortization of internal-use software is generally computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to ten years.

Business Combinations

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in the accounting for its acquisitions. It requires the Company to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, its estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, it records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of income.

Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include but are not limited to future expected cash flows from customer relationships, covenants not to compete and acquired developed technologies, brand awareness and market position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the brand will continue to be used in our product portfolio, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.

Other estimates associated with the accounting for acquisitions may change as additional information becomes available regarding the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as more fully discussed in Note 2, Acquisitions.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, the Company assesses goodwill for impairment at least annually. During this assessment management relies on a number of factors, including operating results, business plans and anticipated future cash flows. The Company assesses potential impairments to other intangible assets when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered.

In accordance with ASC 350, the Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year using October 1 balances or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company evaluates goodwill at the reporting unit level and has identified its reportable segments, Americas, Europe/Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”), and Asia/Pacific, as its reporting units. Recoverability of goodwill is measured using a discounted cash flow model incorporating discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. Use of a discounted cash flow model is common practice in impairment testing in the absence of available transactional market evidence to determine the fair value.

The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow valuation model include discount rates, growth rates, cash flow projections and terminal value rates. Discount rates, growth rates and cash flow projections are the most sensitive and susceptible to change as they require significant management judgment. Discount rates are determined by using a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The WACC considers market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors. Operational management, considering industry and Company-specific historical and projected data, develops growth rates and cash flow projections for each reporting unit. Terminal value rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and low long-term growth rates. If the calculated fair value is less than the current carrying value, impairment of the reporting unit may exist. If the recoverability test indicates potential impairment, the Company calculates an implied fair value of goodwill for the reporting unit. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to how goodwill is calculated in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the carrying value of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded to write down the carrying value. The calculated fair value substantially exceeded the current carrying value for all reporting units for all periods.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reporting unit with goodwill balances during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, were as follows (in thousands):


	Americas			EMEA			Asia/Pacific			Total
Gross Balance prior to December 31, 2012	$	316,222		$	158,653		$	73,698		$	548,573
Total impairment prior to December 31, 2012		(47,432	)		—			—			(47,432	)

Balance, December 31, 2012		268,790			158,653			73,698			501,141
Goodwill from acquisitions (1)		173,101			—			(832	)		172,269
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(625	)		1,505			(5,073	)		(4,193	)

Balance, December 31, 2013		441,266			160,158			67,793			669,217
Goodwill from acquisitions (2)		36,623			84,515			—			121,138
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,407	)		(4,370	)		(3,415	)		(9,192	)

Balance, December 31, 2014	$	476,482		$	240,303		$	64,378		$	781,163

(1)	Addition relates to the goodwill acquired in the acquisitions of OPAY, ORCC, PTESA and Distra as discussed in Note 2, Acquisitions.

(2)

Goodwill from acquisitions relates to the goodwill recorded for the acquisition of ReD, as well as adjustments to goodwill related to the acquisitions of OPAY, ORCC, and PTESA as discussed in Note 2. The purchase price allocation for ReD is preliminary as of December 31, 2014 and accordingly is subject to future changes during the maximum one-year measurement period.

Other intangible assets, which include customer relationships, purchased contracts, trademarks and trade names, and covenants not to compete, are amortized using the straight-line method over periods ranging from three years to 20 years. The Company reviews its intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded if the sum of the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the impairment charge is measured based upon the fair value of the asset group.

Treasury Stock

The Company accounts for shares of its common stock that are repurchased without intent to retire as treasury stock. Such shares are recorded at cost and reflected separately on the consolidated balance sheets as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. The Company issues shares of treasury stock upon exercise of stock options, issuance of restricted share awards, payment of earned performance shares, and for issuances of common stock pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. For purposes of determining the cost of the treasury shares re-issued, the Company uses the average cost method.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. The impact of forfeitures that may occur prior to vesting is also estimated and considered in the amount of expense recognized. Forfeiture estimates are revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods when actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Share based compensation expense is recorded in operating expenses depending on where the respective individual’s compensation is recorded. The Company generally utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant. The assumptions utilized in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, as well as the description of the plans the stock-based awards are granted under, are described in further detail in Note 11, Stock-Based Compensation Plans.

Translation of Foreign Currencies

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries typically use the local currency of the countries in which they are located as their functional currency. Their assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. Translation gains and losses are reflected in the consolidated financial statements as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany accounts, that are not considered to be of a long-term investment nature are included in the determination of net income. Transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany accounts, that are considered to be of a long-term investment nature are reflected in the consolidated financial statements as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Since the undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are considered to be indefinitely reinvested, the components of accumulated other comprehensive income have not been tax-effected.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company periodically assesses its tax exposures and establishes, or adjusts, estimated unrecognized tax benefits for probable assessments by taxing authorities, including the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and various foreign and state authorities. Such unrecognized tax benefits represent the estimated provision for income taxes expected to ultimately be paid.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standard Codification 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires that entities recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. At this time, the Company has not selected a transition method. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on its financial position, results of operations, and cash flow.

In June 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation. This ASU is an amendment to the Accounting Standard Codification 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, to explicitly address the accounting treatment of share-based payments when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The amendments require that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period should be treated as a performance condition. As such, a reporting entity should apply the existing guidance in Topic 718 as it relates to awards with performance conditions that affect vesting to account for such awards. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has assessed the impact of this standard and does not anticipate it having a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flow.