SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Standard Register Company is a recognized leader in the management and execution of critical communications. Our principle products include print, labels, promotional products, and software. Service revenue primarily includes warehousing and custom-delivery services (distribution services), professional services and other consulting, and software postcontract support.

The accounting policies that affect the more significant elements of our financial statements are summarized below.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Standard Register Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (referenced in this report as the "Company," "we," "our," or “Standard Register,”) after elimination of intercompany transactions, profits, and balances. The accounts of businesses acquired during 2013 and 2011 are included in the consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition. There were no acquisitions during 2012.

Fiscal Year

Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending the Sunday nearest to December 31. Fiscal years 2013, 2012, and 2011, ended on December 29, 2013, December 30, 2012, and January 1, 2012, and each included 52 weeks. As described in Note 3, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and cash flows for WorkflowOne, LLC (WorkflowOne) from August 1, 2013, the acquisition date, through December 31, 2013, the end of their calendar year. We do not believe the difference in fiscal year-end dates has a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates and assumptions that place the most significant demands on our judgment include, but are not limited to: pension benefit plan assumptions; fair value measurements; deferred taxes; share-based compensation; environmental liabilities; restructuring liabilities; and revenue recognition. These estimates and assumptions are based on information presently available and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate in effect at the end of the fiscal period. Income statement amounts are translated at the average monthly exchange rates in effect during the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of financial statements denominated in foreign currencies are charged or credited directly to shareholders’ deficit and shown as cumulative translation adjustments in other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded in other income and are not material.

Cash Equivalents

All highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Receivables are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The provision for bad debts was $1,165, $(103), and $1,248 in 2013, 2012, and 2011.

Trade receivables are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment generally within 30 days from the invoice date. Our estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts for trade receivables is primarily determined based on the length of time the receivables are past due. In addition, estimates are used to determine probable losses based upon an analysis of prior collection experience, specific account risks, and economic conditions. We have a series of actions that occur based upon the aging of past-due trade receivables, including letters, statements, and direct customer contact. Accounts are deemed uncollectible based on past experience and current financial condition.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Long-Lived Assets

Plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs of normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Upon the disposition of assets, their cost and related depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in current income.

Plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. We first evaluate recoverability of assets to be held and used by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to undiscounted expected future cash flows to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment amount is then calculated using a fair-value-based test that compares the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. Assets held for sale, if any, are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

Depreciation

For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. Depreciation expense was $22,201, $20,917, and $21,178 in 2013, 2012, and 2011 and includes amortization of assets recorded under capital lease arrangements. Estimated useful lives range from 15-40 years for buildings and improvements; 5-15 years for machinery and equipment; and 3-15 years for office furniture and equipment.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired and is not amortized. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis in the second quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The annual goodwill test for 2013 was performed prior to the acquisition of WorkflowOne. The evaluation can be performed through either a qualitative assessment, if appropriate based on current conditions, or a quantitative fair-value-based test that compares the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. Factors used in the quantitative evaluation of goodwill include, but are not limited to, management's plans for future operations, recent operating results, projected future cash flows, and a weighted-average cost of capital.

Intangible assets with determinable lives are primarily amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life.

Software Development Costs

Costs incurred during the application development stage and implementation stage in developing, purchasing, or otherwise acquiring software for internal use and website development costs are capitalized and amortized over their estimated useful life using the straight-line method, up to a maximum period of five years. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage are expensed as incurred. The carrying value of capitalized internal use software is included in Plant and Equipment in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $18,217 at December 29, 2013 and $9,462 at December 30, 2012. These amounts are related to production, invoicing, and warehousing systems; customer interface portals and account management tools; and system management, security, and desktop applications.

Fair Value Measurements

Our pension plan assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of impairment charges. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified using the following hierarchy, which is based on the inputs to the valuation and gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs:

Level 1 – Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 – Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions that are not corroborated by market data.

Pension Benefits

We sponsor both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans covering certain U.S. employees and retirees. We recognize net actuarial gains or losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the plan's projected benefit obligation or the plan's assets (the corridor) annually in the fourth quarter each year (MTM adjustment), and, if applicable, in any interim quarter in which a remeasurement occurs. The remaining components of pension expense, interest cost and the expected return on plan assets, are recorded as ongoing pension expense.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:


•	Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists


•	Delivery has occurred or services have been performed


•	The fee is fixed or determinable, and


•	Collectability is reasonably assured.

Product Revenue

Revenue is generally recognized when products are shipped to the customer, title and risks of ownership have passed to the customer, and all significant obligations have been satisfied. Because the majority of products are customized, product returns are not significant.

Certain revenues earned by the Company require judgment to determine if revenue should be recorded at the gross amount, or net of related costs. Generally, revenues are recognized on a gross basis if we have control over selecting vendors and pricing, are the primary obligor in the arrangement, bear credit risk, and bear the risk of loss for inventory. Revenue from arrangements that do not meet these criteria generally is recognized on a net basis.

Certain customers earn rebates based on the volume of product purchased from the Company. These rebates are recorded as a reduction to revenue. The amount of the rebates earned is estimated based on the expected level of purchases to be made and periodically revised to reflect actual rebates earned.

Service Revenue

We generally recognize service revenue as the services are performed.

Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables

When a customer arrangement involves multiple deliverables, we evaluate all deliverables to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting, allocate the arrangement consideration to the separate units, and recognize revenue in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for revenue recognition. We have one type of non-software multiple-element arrangement which consists of three deliverables: custom-printed products, warehousing services, and custom-delivery services. Fees for warehousing and custom-delivery services are often bundled into the price of the products and are therefore invoiced when the product is considered delivered. However, if requested by the customer, these fees may also be invoiced separately as the services are performed.

For the majority of our contractual arrangements, at the customer’s request we print and store custom-printed products that remain in our inventory until the customer’s specified future delivery. For these arrangements, title and risk of ownership for these products remains with us until the product is shipped to the customer. Therefore, the product is considered to be delivered last, and the customer is invoiced when the product is delivered to the customer. For these arrangements, revenue allocated to the product is recognized when shipped from the warehouse to the customer and revenue allocated to the services is recognized as they are performed.

Under certain other contractual arrangements, at the customer’s request we print and store the custom-printed products for the customer’s specified future delivery. Such products are stored in our warehouses and are not used to fill other customers’ orders. For these products, manufacturing is complete, the finished product is not included in our inventory, and title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer. In these transactions, the customer is invoiced under normal billing and credit terms when the product is placed in the warehouse for storage. As such, the product is considered to be delivered first and warehousing and custom-delivery services are delivered last. For these arrangements, revenue allocated to the product is recognized when it is placed in the warehouse for storage and revenue allocated to the services is deferred and recognized as the services are performed.

To determine selling prices, consideration received is allocated to each deliverable in the arrangement based on the relative selling prices of each deliverable. Selling prices are determined based on the following hierarchy: vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE), third-party evidence of selling price (TPE), or best estimate of selling price (BESP). For each deliverable, we review historical sales data to determine if we have sufficient stand-alone sales that are within an acceptable range to establish VSOE. VSOE is considered established if 80% of stand-alone sales are within +/-15% of the median sales price. Available third-party evidence is evaluated to determine if TPE can be established for items where VSOE does not exist. In absence of VSOE and TPE, BESP is used. Determining BESP requires significant judgment due to the nature of factors that must be considered and the subjectivity involved in determining the impact each of these factors should have on BESP.

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Custom-printed products - Due to the variances in pricing for available stand-alone sales and custom nature of our products, VSOE or TPE cannot be established. To develop BESP, we consider numerous internal and external factors including: internal cost experience for materials, labor, manufacturing and administrative costs; external pricing for similar products; level of market competition and potential for market share gain; stage in the product life cycle; industry served; profit margins; current market conditions; length of typical agreements; and anticipated volume.

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Warehousing services - VSOE cannot be established for warehousing services, as we generally do not sell these services separately. Although some third-party evidence is readily available for certain aspects of our warehousing services, an adequate amount of data for services similar to our offering is not available to establish TPE. BESP is developed by utilizing a pricing process which generally considers the following internal and external factors: cost driver activity such as full versus partial carton shipments, storage space utilized, type of product stored, and shipping frequency; internal cost experience; profit margins; volume-related discounts; current market conditions; and to a lesser degree, pricing from third-party providers when available.


•	Custom-delivery services - For custom-delivery services, no stand-alone sales are available as we do not sell these services separately; therefore, VSOE cannot be established. TPE is developed by considering profit margins, volume, and expected shipping addresses for the customer applied to a freight rate table that is developed from negotiated rates with our third-party logistics partners.

Software Arrangements

We generate revenue from licensing the rights to software products to end users. These licenses are generally sold as perpetual licenses and in combination with professional services and post-contract customer support (PCS) which includes telephone assistance and software problem corrections. Fair value for ongoing PCS is based upon established renewal rates. Our software is generally not sold on a stand-alone basis and therefore we cannot establish VSOE. Since we are unable to establish VSOE for the professional services, we use the combined services approach. The entire arrangement is accounted for as one unit of accounting, and revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the longer of the PCS period or the period the professional services are expected to be performed. When the professional services are complete, the software has been delivered, and the only remaining undelivered element is the PCS, the deferred revenue is adjusted to reflect only the remaining post-contract support amount.

We also enter into certain multiple deliverable arrangements to license software where VSOE cannot be established for any of the undelivered service elements. These arrangements are accounted for as one unit of accounting, and revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis as the services are performed, which typically ranges from one to five years.

We also sell our software products on a subscription basis and revenue is recognized over the subscription period.

The determination of whether deliverables within a multiple element arrangement can be treated separately for revenue recognition purposes involves significant estimates and judgment, such as whether fair value can be established on undelivered obligations and whether delivered items have standalone value to the customer. Changes to our assessment of the accounting units in a multiple deliverable arrangement or the ability to establish fair values could change the timing of revenue recognition.

Shipping and Handling Fees

Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are recorded as revenue, and shipping and handling costs paid to vendors are recorded as cost of sales.

Sales Taxes

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Research and Development

Research and development costs relate to the development of new products and to the improvement of existing products and services and are charged to expense as incurred. These efforts are entirely company sponsored. Total research and development costs were $4,138, $3,356, and $4,530 in 2013, 2012, and 2011.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of liabilities and assets, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding and common equivalent shares from stock options and nonvested shares using the treasury method, except when anti-dilutive.

Reclassifications

Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In 2013, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-2, which requires additional disclosure of information related to changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component and any significant items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive losses include any revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are excluded from net income and recognized directly as a component of shareholders’ deficit. Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred taxes, consist of the following:



	Foreign Currency Translation			Defined Benefit Pension Plans			Total
Balance at January 1, 2012	$	(330	)	$	(37,083	)	$	(37,413	)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	138			(2,179		)	(2,041		)
Balance at December 30, 2012	(192		)	(39,262		)	(39,454		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income	(169		)	14,390			14,221
Balance at December 29, 2013	$	(361	)	$	(24,872	)	$	(25,233	)

Intraperiod tax allocation rules require us to consider the income recorded in other comprehensive income when determining the amount of tax benefit to be recorded on the loss in continuing operations. Accordingly tax expense of $5,540 is allocated to other comprehensive income because of the tax benefit recorded in continuing operations. Since the amount of income tax expense allocated to other comprehensive income under this intraperiod allocation requirement is equal to the amount of income tax benefit recorded in continuing operations, our overall tax position at December 29, 2013, including the amount of our deferred tax asset and valuation allowance, is not impacted by this tax allocation.

In 2013, we chose to early adopt ASU 2013-11, which requires an unrecognized tax benefit to be classified as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. The adoption of the ASU impacted our financial statement presentation and disclosures of our unrecognized tax benefits, but otherwise did not impact our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.