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Other Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Financial Information
Other financial information is as follows:
Year ended December 31
202120202019
Total financing interest and debt costs$775 $735 $817 
Less: Capitalized interest63 38 19 
Interest and debt expense$712 $697 $798 
Research and development expenses$268 $435 $500 
Excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories (LIFO method)
$5,588 $2,749 $4,513 
LIFO profits (losses) on inventory drawdowns included in earnings$35 $(147)$(9)
Foreign currency effects*
$306 $(645)$(304)
* Includes $180, $(152) and $(28) in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for the company’s share of equity affiliates’ foreign currency effects.