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Other Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Financial Information
Other financial information is as follows:
Year ended December 31
202020192018
Total financing interest and debt costs$735 $817 $921 
Less: Capitalized interest38 19 173 
Interest and debt expense$697 $798 $748 
Research and development expenses$435 $500 $453 
Excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories (LIFO method)
$2,749 $4,513 $5,134 
LIFO profits (losses) on inventory drawdowns included in earnings$(147)$(9)$26 
Foreign currency effects*
$(645)$(304)$611 
* Includes $(152), $(28) and $416 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the company’s share of equity affiliates’ foreign currency effects.