Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and notes thereto. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates are associated with recording accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill, contingent consideration liabilities related to business combinations, long-lived assets, derivative financial instruments, deferred income taxes, warranty obligations, revenue over time, stock-based compensation expense, and other accounts. The Company assesses the estimates on an ongoing basis and records changes in estimates in the period they occur and become known.

Foreign Currency Translation

Certain transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Foreign currency exchange gains (losses) generated from the settlement and remeasurement of these transactions are recognized in earnings and presented within “Other income (expense)” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses totaled $4.2 million, $1.7 million and $1.8 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The determination of the functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries is based on their financial and operational environment and is the local currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. The subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated into the reporting currency at period-end exchange rates, while revenue, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. Gains and losses from foreign currency translations are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and presented as “Foreign currency translation adjustments” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The semiconductor automation business had foreign operations which had a cumulative translation adjustment balance of $16.6 million at the date of disposal of this business. This amount was removed from “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and included within the gain on the sale of the semiconductor automation business in “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax” in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. As a result, the Company presented a $16.6 million reclassification adjustment in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2022.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash deposits and cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative instruments, and accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and derivative instruments are maintained by major financial institutions.

The Company invests cash not used in operations in investment grade, high credit quality securities in accordance with the Company’s investment policy which provides guidelines and limits regarding investments type, concentration, credit quality and maturity terms aimed at maintaining liquidity and reducing risk of capital loss.

The Company regularly monitors the creditworthiness of its customers and believes that it has adequately provided for exposure to potential credit losses. The Company’s ten largest customers accounted for approximately 30%, 20% and 19% of its consolidated revenue for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. One customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for fiscal year 2023. This customer is related to the Life Science Products segment and is a distributor shipping to end users in approximately 50 countries. No customers accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for fiscal years 2022 and 2021.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities, including cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable, contingent consideration liability, and derivative instruments at fair value. The Company applies a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

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Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

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Level 2: Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

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Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities and reflect an entity’s own assumptions in pricing assets or liabilities since they are supported by little or no market activity.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs, as well as considering counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The Company measures certain assets, including the cost and equity method investments, at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparable prices, and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable do not bear interest and are recorded at the invoiced amount. The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses representing its best estimate of expected credit losses related to its existing accounts receivable and their net realizable value. The Company determines the allowance based on several factors, including an evaluation of customer credit worthiness, the age of the outstanding receivables, economic trends, historical experience and other information over the payment periods. The Company reviews and adjusts the allowance for expected credit losses on a quarterly basis. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance for expected credit losses when the Company determines that the balances are not recoverable. Provisions for expected credit losses are recorded in “Selling, general and administrative” expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-lived Assets: Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed based on the straight-line method and charged to results of operations to allocate the cost of the assets over their estimated useful lives, as follows:


Buildings		10 - 40 years
Computer equipment and software		3 - 5 years
Machinery and equipment		2 - 7 years
Furniture and fixtures		5 years
Vehicles		3 - 7 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining terms of the respective leases. Equipment used for demonstrations to customers is included in machinery and equipment and depreciated over its estimated useful life. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company has developed software for internal use. Internal and external labor costs incurred during the application development stage of a project are capitalized. Costs incurred prior to application development and post implementation are expensed as incurred. Training and data conversion costs are expensed as incurred.

Long lived assets and their associated accumulated depreciation are derecognized upon their retirement or at the time of disposal, and the resulting gain or loss is included in the Company’s results of operations.

Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-lived Assets: Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Finite-lived intangibles assets and fixed assets are tested for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. For purposes of this test, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the Company determines that indicators of potential impairment are present, it assesses the recoverability of long-lived asset group by comparing its undiscounted future cash flows to its carrying value, and an impairment loss is recognized in operating results to the extent any finite-lived intangible asset’s carrying value exceeds its calculated fair value. The future cash flow period is based on the future service life of the primary asset within the long-lived asset group.

Leases

The Company has operating leases for real estate and non-real estate and finance leases for non-real estate. The classification of a lease as operating or finance and the determination of the right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and lease liability are determined at lease inception. The ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, an

incremental borrowing rate is used based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company’s lease agreements may contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components primarily include payments for maintenance and utilities. Fixed payments for non-lease components are combined with lease payments and accounted for as a single lease component which increases the amount of the ROU asset and liability.

The ROU asset for operating leases is included within “Other assets” and the ROU asset for finance leases is included within “Property, plant and equipment, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The short-term lease liabilities for both operating leases and finance leases are included within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The long-term lease liabilities for operating leases and finance leases are included within “Long-term operating lease liabilities”, and “Other long-term liabilities”, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Warranty Obligations

The Company establishes reserves for estimated costs of product warranties based on historical information. Product warranty reserves are recorded at the time product revenue is recognized, and retrofit accruals are recorded at the time retrofit programs are established. The Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure and supplier warranties on parts delivered by the Company.

Government Assistance

The Company receives government assistance from various domestic and foreign, local, regional and national governments which vary in size and duration in the form of cash grants or refundable tax credits. The government assistance typically specifies conditions that must be met in order for it to be earned, such as employee retention targets, completion of employee training, or the construction or acquisition of property and equipment and are often time bound. If conditions are not satisfied or if the duration period for the arrangement is not met, the government assistance is often subject to reduction, repayment, or termination.

The Company’s policy is to recognize a benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Other, net” over the life of the asset or duration of the program when the Company has reasonable assurance that it will comply with the conditions under the government assistance and the government assistance will be received, refundable tax credits may also result in a reduction in “Accrued income taxes payable” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If government assistance is received or is probable of receipt and the amount is determinable by the Company in advance of completion of the conditions, the government assistance is recognized in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” or “Other long-term liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate.

In fiscal year 2023, approximately $4.3 million of government assistance was recognized in “Other, net” and approximately $0.9 million was recognized as a reduction to “Cost of Revenue – Products” in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company also received advance cash government assistance of $6.6 million, of which $4.7 million is recognized within “Other long-term liabilities”, and $1.9 million is recognized within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Furthermore, the Company anticipates receipt of $0.6 million of additional government assistance, recorded within “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Stock-Based Compensation

The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the closing price of the Company’s common stock quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the date of grant. For awards that vest based on service conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For awards that vest subject to performance conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense ratably over the performance period if it is probable that performance condition will be met and adjusts for the percentage of shares probable of achieving the performance goals. Each quarter, management assesses the probability of achieving the performance goals. The Company makes estimates of stock award forfeitures and the number of awards expected to vest. The Company considers many factors in developing forfeiture estimates, including

award types, employee classes and historical experience. Current estimates may differ from actual results and future changes in estimates.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic income or loss per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income or loss per share is determined by dividing net income by diluted weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted weighted average shares reflect the dilutive effect, if any, of potential common shares. To the extent their effect is dilutive, employee equity awards and other commitments to be settled in common stock are included in the calculation of diluted income or loss per share based on the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are excluded from the calculation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding if their effect would be anti-dilutive at the balance sheet date based on a treasury stock method or due to a net loss.