14.	Postretirement Medical Benefits

We provide certain medical and dental care benefits to eligible retired U.S. and Canadian employees. Eligibility for U.S. employees is limited to employees hired before 1995. Under the U.S. plan, a Health Reimbursement Account (“HRA”) was established beginning January 1, 2009 for each qualified U.S. retiree. Monthly, a fixed amount is credited into the HRA to cover both medical and dental costs for all current and future eligible retirees. Under the Canadian plan, retiree medical and dental benefits are funded in a pay-as-you-go basis.

In the second quarter 2011, we announced that our postretirement medical benefit plans to substantially all eligible U.S. and Canadian employees will terminate on December 31, 2016. There will be no change to the eligibility or plan provided to the 64 former union employees. The remeasurement of the postretirement medical benefit plans resulting from these benefit modifications generated a $14.4 million reduction in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and a $3.6 million curtailment gain. The remaining unrecognized prior service cost is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the plan. The discount rate assumptions used to determine the remeasurement of the costs and benefit obligation related to our U.S. and Canadian postretirement plans were 1.87% and 3.75%, respectively. These rates reflect the shorter duration of our obligation as a result of the negative plan amendments. The $3.6 million curtailment gain is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The benefit obligation, funded status, and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements for our postretirement medical benefit plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, were as follows (in thousands):

	Postretirement Benefit Plans
	U.S. Plan						Canadian Plan
	2013			2012			2013			2012
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	5,950		$	6,955		$	156		$	192
Service cost		1			4			—			—
Interest cost		33			81			5			5
Benefits paid		(850	)		(751	)		(21	)		(24	)
Actuarial loss (gain)		(174	)		(339	)		(4	)		(21	)
Translation adjustment		—			—			(10	)		4
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	4,960		$	5,950		$	126		$	156
(Unfunded) status of the plans	$	(4,960	)	$	(5,950	)	$	(126	)	$	(156	)

	Postretirement Benefit Plans
	U.S. Plan						Canadian Plan
	2013			2012			2013			2012
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet:
Accrued postretirement benefit liabilities	$	4,960		$	5,950		$	126		$	156
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss (pre-tax) related to:
Unrecognized net actuarial losses (gains)		5,087			7,809			(129	)		(254	)
Unrecognized prior service cost (credit)		(2,888	)		(7,094	)		(335	)		(504	)

The estimated net loss and prior service cost (credit) that is expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into postretirement medical benefits cost during 2014 are $2.1 million and $(3) million, respectively.

Net periodic benefit cost related to our plans includes the following components (in thousands):

	December 31,
U.S. postretirement plan:	2013			2012			2011
Service cost	$	1		$	4		$	69
Interest cost		33			81			527
Amortization of prior service cost		(4,206	)		(4,752	)		(6,433	)
Amortization of unrecognized loss		2,548			2,887			2,246
Curtailment gain		—			—			(3,495	)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	(1,624	)	$	(1,780	)	$	(7,086	)

Canadian postretirement plan:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	7
Interest cost		5			5			23
Amortization of transition obligation		—			—			2
Amortization of prior service cost		(140	)		(142	)		(80	)
Amortization of net actuarial loss		(115	)		(52	)		(43	)
Curtailment gain		—			—			(152	)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	(250	)	$	(189	)	$	(243	)
Total net periodic benefit costs	$	(1,874	)	$	(1,969	)	$	(7,329	)

Actuarial assumptions used to determine costs and benefit obligations related to our U.S. postretirement plan are as follows:

	December 31,
	2013			2012			2011
Discount rate		0.45	%		0.55	%		1.30	%

Actuarial assumptions used to determine costs and benefit obligations related to our Canadian postretirement plan are as follows:

	December 31,
	2013			2012			2011
Discount rates		3.50	%		3.00	%		3.00	%
Current medical cost trend rate		7.14	%		8.57	%		9.29	%
Ultimate medical cost trend rate		5	%		5	%		5	%
Year trend rate declines to ultimate		2017			2017			2017

The Company’s discount rates are determined by considering current yield curves representing high quality, long-term fixed income instruments. We set our discount rate for the U.S. plan based on a review of the Citigroup Pension Discount Curve and the duration of expected payments in the plan. We set our discount rate for the Canadian plan based upon similar benchmarks in Canada.

The following benefit payments which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands):


2014	$	2,064
2015		1,219
2016		1,453
2017		67
2018		60
Years 2019 – 2023		213

Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects for 2014 (in thousands):

	1-Percentage- Point Increase		1-Percentage- Point Decrease
Effect on total of service and interest cost components	$	1	$	(1	)
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation		31		(30	)