LOANS AND LEASES

Loans and leases by portfolio segment and class consist of the following for the periods indicated:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial loans and leases:
Real estate - construction	$	1,219,647	$	1,196,366
Real estate - owner-occupied	2,408,079		2,395,822
Real estate - non-owner-occupied	6,147,864		5,796,117
Commercial and industrial ⁽¹⁾	5,852,568		5,737,017
Total commercial loans and leases	15,628,158		15,125,322
Residential mortgage loans	4,415,267		4,359,156
Consumer and other loans:
Home equity	2,220,648		2,304,694
Other	704,222		730,643
Total consumer and other loans	2,924,870		3,035,337
Total loans and leases	$	22,968,295	$	22,519,815


⁽¹⁾	Includes equipment financing leases

Net deferred loan origination fees were $30.8 million and $30.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Total net discount on the Company's loans was $130.1 million and $136.8 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of which $79.0 million and $81.6 million was related to non-impaired loans.

In addition to loans issued in the normal course of business, the Company considers overdrafts on customer deposit accounts to be loans and reclassifies these overdrafts as loans in its consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, overdrafts of $6.4 million and $9.2 million, respectively, have been reclassified to loans.

Loans with carrying values of $7.8 billion and $7.6 billion were pledged as collateral for borrowings at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Aging Analysis

The following tables provide an analysis of the aging of loans and leases as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Past due and non-accrual loan amounts exclude acquired impaired loans, even if contractually past due or if the Company does not expect to receive payment in full, as the Company is currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans. For additional information on the determination of past due status and the Company's policies for recording payments received, placing loans and leases on non-accrual status, and the resumption of interest accrual on non-accruing loans and leases, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the 2018 10-K.



	March 31, 2019
	Accruing
(in thousands)	Current or Less Than 30 days Past Due		30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total Past Due		Non-accrual ⁽¹⁾		Acquired Impaired		Total
Real estate- construction	$	1,197,063	$	305	$	—	$	—	$	305	$	1,072	$	21,207	$	1,219,647
Real estate- owner-occupied	2,324,441		2,510		67		3,139		5,716		8,630		69,292		2,408,079
Real estate- non-owner-occupied	6,054,340		2,213		91		863		3,167		19,984		70,373		6,147,864
Commercial and industrial	5,766,811		8,881		725		109		9,715		51,447		24,595		5,852,568
Residential mortgage	4,269,617		10,884		4,756		—		15,640		45,473		84,537		4,415,267
Consumer - home equity	2,134,340		9,511		2,178		—		11,689		18,719		55,900		2,220,648
Consumer - other	695,940		2,303		910		—		3,213		2,731		2,338		704,222
Total	$	22,442,552	$	36,607	$	8,727	$	4,111	$	49,445	$	148,056	$	328,242	$	22,968,295


⁽¹⁾	Of the total non-accrual loans at March 31, 2019, $9.0 million were past due 30-59 days, $4.6 million were past due 60-89 days, and $53.7 million were past due more than 90 days.



	December 31, 2018
	Accruing
(in thousands)	Current or Less Than 30 days Past Due		30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total Past Due		Non-accrual ⁽¹⁾		Acquired Impaired		Total
Real estate- construction	$	1,167,795	$	1,054	$	—	$	—	$	1,054	$	1,094	$	26,423	$	1,196,366
Real estate- owner-occupied	2,305,743		7,167		—		—		7,167		10,260		72,652		2,395,822
Real estate- non-owner-occupied	5,703,131		7,473		360		—		7,833		15,898		69,255		5,796,117
Commercial and industrial	5,645,304		5,139		1,320		553		7,012		57,860		26,841		5,737,017
Residential mortgage	4,218,146		2,768		13,063		1,575		17,406		30,396		93,208		4,359,156
Consumer - home equity	2,200,517		10,283		2,409		—		12,692		18,830		72,655		2,304,694
Consumer - other	719,122		4,695		1,601		—		6,296		2,846		2,379		730,643
Total	$	21,959,758	$	38,579	$	18,753	$	2,128	$	59,460	$	137,184	$	363,413	$	22,519,815


⁽¹⁾	Of the total non-accrual loans at December 31, 2018, $7.0 million were past due 30-59 days, $3.7 million were past due 60-89 days, and $66.9 million were past due more than 90 days.

Acquired Loans

The Company acquired certain loans from Sabadell United to customers with addresses outside of the United States. Foreign loans, denominated in U.S. dollars, totaled $205.2 million and $202.6 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following is a summary of changes in the accretable difference for all loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 during the three months ended March 31:



(in thousands)	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	133,342		$	152,623
Additions	—			2,371
Transfers from non-accretable difference to accretable yield	(3,640		)	(279		)
Accretion	(10,086		)	(13,154		)
Changes in expected cash flows not affecting non-accretable differences⁽¹⁾	(272		)	9,687
Balance at end of period	$	119,344		$	151,248


⁽¹⁾	Includes changes in cash flows expected to be collected due to the impact of changes in actual or expected timing of liquidation events, modifications, changes in interest rates and changes in prepayment assumptions.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Information about the Company’s TDRs at March 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented in the following tables. Modifications of loans that are accounted for within a pool under ASC Topic 310-30 are excluded as TDRs. Accordingly, such modifications do not result in the removal of those loans from the pool, even if the modification of those loans would otherwise be considered a TDR. As a result, all such acquired loans that would otherwise meet the criteria for classification as a TDR are excluded from the tables below.

TDRs totaling $31.4 million and $27.2 million occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, through modification of the original loan terms.

The following table provides information on how the TDRs were modified during the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019		2018
Extended maturities	$	9,014	$	5,619
Maturity and interest rate adjustment	468		108
Movement to or extension of interest-rate only payments	12		48
Interest rate adjustment	—		105
Forbearance	6,510		12,886
Other concession(s) ⁽¹⁾	15,425		8,434
Total	$	31,429	$	27,200


⁽¹⁾	Other concessions may include covenant waivers, forgiveness of principal or interest associated with a customer bankruptcy, or a combination of any of the above concessions.

Of the $31.4 million of TDRs occurring during the three months ended March 31, 2019, $16.5 million were on accrual status and $14.9 million were on non-accrual status. Of the $27.2 million of TDRs occurring during the three months ended March 31, 2018, $12.9 million were on accrual status and $14.3 million were on non-accrual status. The following table presents the end of period balance for loans modified in a TDR during the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019					2018
(in thousands, except number of loans)	Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Real estate- construction	1	$	39	$	39	1	$	1,950	$	1,049
Real estate- owner-occupied	4	6,904		4,661		2	10,691		9,324
Real estate- non-owner-occupied	7	2,990		2,968		9	1,089		1,091
Commercial and industrial	23	17,382		17,040		18	14,429		13,314
Residential mortgage	10	1,741		1,738		—	—		—
Consumer - home equity	33	4,277		4,233		14	1,809		1,795
Consumer - other	38	787		750		21	648		627
Total	116	$	34,120	$	31,429	65	$	30,616	$	27,200

Information detailing TDRs that defaulted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and were modified in the previous twelve months (i.e., the twelve months prior to the default) is presented in the following tables. The Company has defined a default as any loan with a payment that is currently past due greater than 30 days, or was past due greater than 30 days at any point during the respective periods, or since the date of modification, whichever is shorter.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
(in thousands, except number of loans)	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
Real estate- construction	1	$	939	—	$	—
Real estate- owner-occupied	3	640		3	10,187
Real estate- non-owner-occupied	7	825		9	492
Commercial and industrial	10	3,933		29	9,708
Residential mortgage	13	1,108		6	598
Consumer - home equity	16	2,891		24	2,331
Consumer - other	20	261		51	1,357
Total	70	$	10,597	122	$	24,673