4. Mortgage Servicing Rights and Related Liabilities

The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and the related liabilities:



	Successor
MSRs and Related Liabilities	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Forward MSRs - fair value	$	3,496	$	3,665
Reverse MSRs - amortized cost	6		11
Mortgage servicing rights	$	3,502	$	3,676

Mortgage servicing liabilities - amortized cost	$	61	$	71

Excess spread financing - fair value	$	1,311	$	1,184
Mortgage servicing rights financing - fair value	37		32
MSR related liabilities - nonrecourse at fair value	$	1,348	$	1,216

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company owns and records at fair value the rights to service traditional residential mortgage (“forward”) loans for others either as a result of purchase transactions or from the retained servicing associated with the sales and securitizations of loans originated. MSRs are comprised of servicing rights of both agency and non-agency loans.

The following table sets forth the activities of forward MSRs:



	Successor						Predecessor
Forward MSRs - Fair Value	Year Ended December 31, 2019			Five Months Ended December 31, 2018			Seven Months Ended July 31, 2018
Fair value - beginning of period	$	3,665		$	3,413		$	2,937
Additions:
Servicing retained from mortgage loans sold	434			120			162
Purchases of servicing rights⁽¹⁾	858			479			144
Dispositions:
Sales of servicing assets⁽²⁾	(408		)	(111		)	4
Changes in fair value:
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model	(589		)	(123		)	330
Other changes in fair value	(464		)	(113		)	(164		)
Fair value - end of period	$	3,496		$	3,665		$	3,413

⁽¹⁾

Purchases of servicing rights during the year ended December 31, 2019 include $271 of mortgage servicing rights that were acquired from Pacific Union. See Note 3, Acquisitions, for further discussion. In addition, on January 3, 2019, the Company entered into a subservicing contract for $24 billion unpaid principal balance in mortgages. The related servicing rights were subsequently purchased on May 1, 2019, resulting in additional $253 servicing rights during the second quarter of 2019.


⁽²⁾	Amount for the seven months ended July 31, 2018 is related to the sale of MSRs collateralized by nonperforming loans, which have a negative MSR value.

From time to time, the Company sells its ownership interest in certain MSRs and is retained as the subservicer for the sold assets. The Company has evaluated the sale accounting requirements related to these transactions, including the Company’s continued involvement as the subservicer, and concluded that these transactions qualify for sale accounting treatment. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and five months ended December 31, 2018, the Company sold $35,152 and $10,746 in unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of forward MSRs, of which $20,560 and none was retained by the Company as subservicer, respectively. During the seven months ended July 31, 2018, the Predecessor sold $1,203 in UPB of forward MSRs, of which $1 was retained by the Predecessor as subservicer.

MSRs measured at fair value are segregated between credit sensitive and interest sensitive pools. Credit sensitive pools are primarily impacted by borrower performance under specified repayment terms, which most directly impacts involuntary prepayments and delinquency rates. Interest sensitive pools are primarily impacted by changes in forecasted interest rates, which in turn impact voluntary prepayment speeds. The Company assesses whether acquired portfolios are more credit sensitive or interest sensitive in nature on the date of acquisition. Numerous factors are considered in making this assessment, including loan-to-value ratios, FICO scores, percentage of portfolio previously modified, portfolio seasoning and similar criteria. The determination between credit sensitive and interest sensitive for a pool is made at the date of acquisition, and no subsequent changes are made.

Credit sensitive portfolios generally consist of higher delinquency, single-family non-conforming residential forward mortgage loans serviced for agency and non-agency investors. Due to the Company’s focus on recapture and modifications, significant amounts of the credit sensitive portfolio have been re-underwritten and, therefore, behave more like the interest sensitive portfolio. Interest sensitive portfolios generally consist of lower delinquency, single-family conforming residential forward mortgage loans for agency investors.

The following table provides a breakdown of credit sensitive and interest sensitive UPB for the Company’s forward MSRs:



	Successor
	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Forward MSRs - Sensitivity Pools	UPB		Fair Value		UPB		Fair Value
Credit sensitive	$	147,895	$	1,613	$	135,752	$	1,495
Interest sensitive	148,887		1,883		159,729		2,170
Total	$	296,782	$	3,496	$	295,481	$	3,665

The Company used the following key weighted-average inputs and assumptions in estimating the fair value of forward MSRs:



	Successor
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Total MSR Portfolio
Discount rate	9.7	%	10.2	%
Prepayment speeds	13.1	%	10.8	%
Average life	5.8 years		6.7 years

Credit Sensitive
Discount rate	10.4	%	11.3	%
Prepayment speeds	12.7	%	11.8	%
Average life	6.0 years		6.4 years

Interest Sensitive
Discount rate	9.1	%	9.3	%
Prepayment speeds	13.5	%	10.0	%
Average life	5.7 years		7.0 years

The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the fair value of the Company’s forward MSRs when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these assets for the dates indicated:



	Successor
	Discount Rate						Total Prepayment Speeds
Forward MSRs - Hypothetical Sensitivities	100 bps Adverse Change			200 bps Adverse Change			10% Adverse Change			20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2019
Mortgage servicing rights	$	(127	)	$	(245	)	$	(165	)	$	(317	)

December 31, 2018
Mortgage servicing rights	$	(137	)	$	(265	)	$	(129	)	$	(250	)

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% adverse change in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects.

Reverse Mortgage Servicing Rights and Liabilities - Amortized Cost

The Company services certain HECM reverse mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of $22,725 and $28,415 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The carrying value of reverse mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSL”) was $61 and $71 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and five months ended December 31, 2018, the Company accreted $47 and $15 of the MSL, respectively. In addition, the Company recorded an MSL adjustment of $37 during the year ended December 31, 2019. The MSL adjustment recorded by the Company relates to the fair value adjustments for MSL assumed from the Merger resulting from the revised cost to service assumption used in the valuation of MSL during the measurement period. See Note 3, Acquisitions, for further information. For the seven months ended July 31, 2018, the Predecessor accreted $11 of the MSL and recorded impairment of $56 in general and administrative expenses. Accretion recorded by the Predecessor relates to previous portfolio acquisitions.

The carrying value of reverse MSR was $6 and $11 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and five months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded $1 and $4 of amortization, respectively. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company recorded other MSR net adjustments of $4. The MSR net adjustments recorded by the Company primarily relates to fair value adjustments for MSR assumed from the Merger resulting from the revised cost to service assumption used in the valuation of MSR during the measurement period. See Note 3, Acquisitions, for further information. For the seven months ended July 31, 2018, the Predecessor recorded an impairment of $4.

The fair value of the MSL was $28 and $53 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of the reverse MSR was $6 and $11 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Management evaluates reverse MSRs and MSLs each reporting period for impairment. Based on management’s assessment at December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment or increased obligation was needed.

Excess Spread Financing - Fair Value

In order to finance the acquisition of certain MSRs on various Portfolios, the Company has entered into sale and assignment agreements with third parties and sold to these entities the right to receive a specified percentage of the excess cash flow generated from the portfolios in excess of a fixed base servicing fee per loan. The Company retains all the base servicing fee, ancillary income and interest float earnings on principal along with interest payments and escrow, and also incurs costs to service the specified pool. The Company is the legal owner and the servicer of the portfolios and provides all servicing and advancing functions.

In connection with the above transactions, the Company entered into refinanced loan obligations with third parties that require the Company to transfer the new loan or a replacement loan of similar economic characteristics into the respective portfolio if the Company refinances any loan in the portfolio. The new or replacement loan will be governed by the same terms set forth in the sale and assignment agreement described above.

The Company used the following weighted-average assumptions in the Company’s valuation of excess spread financing:



	Successor
Excess Spread Financing Assumptions	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Discount rate	11.6	%	10.4	%
Prepayment speeds	12.6	%	11.0	%
Recapture rate	20.1	%	18.6	%
Average life	5.8 years		6.5 years

The following table shows the hypothetical effect on the Company’s excess spread financing fair value when applying certain unfavorable variations of key assumptions to these liabilities for the dates indicated:



	Successor
	Discount Rate				Prepayment Speeds
Excess Spread Financing - Hypothetical Sensitivities	100 bps Adverse Change		200 bps Adverse Change		10% Adverse Change		20% Adverse Change
December 31, 2019
Excess spread financing	$	46	$	95	$	46	$	96

December 31, 2018
Excess spread financing	$	47	$	99	$	38	$	81

These hypothetical sensitivities should be evaluated with care. The effect on fair value of a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be determined because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the fair value may not be linear. Additionally, the impact of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value is calculated while holding other assumptions constant. In reality, changes in one factor may lead to changes in other factors, which could impact the above hypothetical effects. Also, a positive change in the above assumptions would not necessarily correlate with the corresponding decrease in the net carrying amount of the excess spread financing.

Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing - Fair Value

From December 2013 through June 2014, the Predecessor entered into agreements to sell a contractually specified base servicing fee component of certain MSRs and servicing advances under specified terms to a joint venture capitalized by third-party investors. The purpose of this transaction was to facilitate the financing of advances for private label mortgages. The Company continues to be the named servicer and, for accounting purposes, ownership of the mortgage servicing rights continues to reside with the Company. Accordingly, the Company records the MSR and an MSR financing liability associated with this transaction in its consolidated balance sheets. The MSR financing liability reflects the incremental costs of this transaction relative to the market participant assumptions contained in the MSR valuation.

The following table sets forth the weighted average assumptions used in the valuation of the mortgage servicing rights financing liability:



	Successor
Mortgage Servicing Rights Financing Assumptions	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Advance financing rates	3.5	%	4.2	%
Annual advance recovery rates	18.8	%	19.0	%

The following table sets forth the items comprising total revenues for the Servicing segment:



	Successor						Predecessor
Total Revenues - Servicing	Year Ended December 31, 2019			Five Months Ended December 31, 2018			Seven Months Ended July 31, 2018			Year Ended December 31, 2017
Contractually specified servicing fees⁽¹⁾	$	1,194		$	421		$	574		$	1,003
Other service-related income⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	182			44			66			168
Incentive and modification income⁽¹⁾	40			17			37			80
Late fees⁽¹⁾	110			34			53			89
Reverse servicing fees	31			16			37			58
Mark-to-market adjustments⁽³⁾	(505		)	(164		)	196			(160		)
Counterparty revenue share⁽⁴⁾	(284		)	(68		)	(111		)	(230		)
Amortization, net of accretion⁽⁵⁾	(236		)	(64		)	(112		)	(242		)
Total revenues - Servicing	$	532		$	236		$	740		$	766


⁽¹⁾	Amounts include subservicing related revenues.


⁽²⁾	Amount for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain of $21 from the execution of a clean-up call option on a reverse mortgage loan trust, as the Company was master servicer and holder of clean-up call rights.

⁽³⁾

Mark-to-market (“MTM”) adjustments include fair value adjustments on MSR, excess spread financing and MSR financing liabilities. The amount of MSR MTM includes the impact of negative modeled cash flows which have been transferred to reserves on advances and other receivables. The negative modeled cash flows relate to advances and other receivables associated with inactive and liquidated loans that are no longer part of the MSR portfolio. The impact of negative modeled cash flows was $62 and $25 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and five months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. The impact of negative modeled cash flows for the Predecessor was $38 for the seven months ended July 31, 2018 and $72 for the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively.


⁽⁴⁾	Counterparty revenue share represents the excess servicing fee that the Company pays to the counterparties under the excess spread financing arrangements and the payments made associated with MSR financing arrangements.

⁽⁵⁾

Amortization for the Company is net of excess spread accretion of $243 and $53 and MSL accretion of $47 and $15 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the five months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Amortization for the Predecessor is net of excess spread accretion of $78 for the seven months ended July 31, 2018 and $161 for the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. The Predecessor recorded MSL accretion within reverse servicing fees, whereas the Successor has elected to record MSL accretion within Amortization, net of accretion.