15. Income Taxes

The components of income tax (benefit) expense on continuing operations were as follows:



	Successor			Predecessor
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Loss) income before income tax expense (benefit)	$	(233	)	$	206

Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(47	)	$	46

Effective tax rate	20.3		%	22.4		%

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the effective tax rate differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to permanent differences including executive compensation disallowed under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) and nondeductible meals and entertainment expenses, as well as other recurring items such as the state tax benefit.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 in the Predecessor period, the effective tax rate differed slightly from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to permanent differences including executive compensation disallowed under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), favorable discrete adjustments in connection with the remediation of the Company’s uncertain tax position, and other recurring adjustments, such as state tax expense offset by excess tax benefit related to restricted share-based compensation.