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Telecom Argentina S.A. is a company incorporated under the laws of Argentina. As used in this Annual Report on Form 20-F (the “Form 20-F” or “Annual Report”), the terms “the Company,” “Telecom,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Telecom Argentina S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020. Unless otherwise stated, references to the financial results of “Telecom” are to the consolidated financial results of Telecom Argentina and its consolidated subsidiaries. Telecom is primarily engaged in the provision of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, data services, Internet services and cable television services.

The term “Telecom Argentina” refers to Telecom Argentina S.A., excluding its subsidiaries. The term “Cablevisión” refers to Cablevisión S.A., together with its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Merger” refers to the merger between Telecom and Cablevisión, effective as of January 1, 2018, through which Cablevisión was merged with and into Telecom Argentina, with Telecom Argentina being the surviving entity. As of December 31, 2020, Telecom Argentina’s significant subsidiaries were Núcleo S.A.E, PEM S.A.U, Cable Imagen S.R.L., Televisión Dirigida S.A., Adesol S.A., AVC Continente Audiovisual S.A., Inter Radios S.A.U., Telecom Argentina USA Inc. and Micro Sistemas S.A.U. For further information on our significant subsidiaries, see Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report.

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and the notes thereto (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) are set forth on pages F-1 through F-90 of this Annual Report.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), have been approved by resolution of the Board of Directors’ meeting held on March 9, 2021 and have been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.

Due to the high level of inflation prevailing in Argentina during the period 2016-2018, management analyzed the parameters established by IAS 29 “Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies” - paragraph 3, which describe the conditions to consider an economy as hyperinflationary, and concluded that, with respect to Argentina, such conditions have been met for accounting periods ending after July 1, 2018. Therefore, we have restated our Consolidated Financial Statements and the financial information for all the periods reported in this Annual Report based on certain price indexes to take into account the effect of inflation in Argentina. The Consolidated Financial Statements and the financial information included in this Annual Report for all the periods reported are presented on the basis of constant Argentine Pesos as of December 31, 2020 (“current currency”). See “—Risk Factors—Risk Relating to Argentina—Inflation could accelerate, causing adverse effects on the economy and negatively impacting Telecom’s margins and/or ratios,” “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Factors Affecting Results of Operations” and Note 1.e) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in Argentine Pesos, which is their functional currency, except for Núcleo and other subsidiaries in Paraguay, which use Guaraníes as their functional currency, Telecom Argentina USA, which uses U.S. dollars as its functional currency, and Adesol and other subsidiaries incorporated under the laws of Uruguay, which use Uruguayan Pesos as their functional currency. Our Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of these subsidiaries converted into Argentine Pesos.

Certain financial information contained in this Annual Report has been presented in U.S. dollars. This Annual Report contains translations of various Argentine Peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for convenience of the reader. You should not construe these translations as representations by us that the Argentine Peso amounts actually represent these U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rates indicated. Except as otherwise specified, all references to “US$,” “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “EUR,” “euro” or “€” are to the lawful currency of the member states of the European Union and references to “P$,” “Argentine Pesos,” “$” or “Pesos” are to Argentine Pesos. Unless otherwise indicated, we have translated the Argentine Peso amounts using a rate of P$84.15= US$1.00, the U.S. dollar ask rate published by the Banco de la Nación Argentina (Argentine National Bank) on December 30, 2020. On March 22, 2021, the exchange rate was P$91.57= US$1.00. As a result of fluctuations in the Argentine Peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate, the exchange rate at such date may not be indicative of current or future exchange rates. Consequently, these translations should not be construed as a representation that the Peso amounts represent, or have been or could be converted into, U.S. dollars at that or any other rate. See “Item 3—Key Information—Exchange Rates,” and “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina— Devaluation of the Argentine Peso and foreign exchange controls may adversely affect our results of operations, our capital expenditures and our ability to service our liabilities and pay dividends.”

Certain amounts and ratios contained in this Annual Report (including percentage amounts) have been rounded up or down to facilitate the summation of the tables in which they are presented. The effect of this rounding is not material. These rounded amounts and ratios are also included within the text of this Annual Report.

This Annual Report contains certain terms that may be unfamiliar to some readers. You can find a Glossary of these terms on page 5 of this Annual Report.

Our financial statement data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and prior are not comparable with our financial statement data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and any date and period thereafter because of the Merger, which was consummated on January 1, 2018 (the “Merger Effective Date”). We have accounted for the Merger as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under IFRS 3 for assets and liabilities of Telecom Argentina as of January 1, 2018. The Merger constituted a “reverse acquisition,” pursuant to which Cablevisión (the absorbed entity) was considered the accounting acquirer and Telecom Argentina (the surviving entity) was considered the accounting acquiree. Accordingly, the financial information for periods prior to the Merger Effective Date reflect the financial information of Cablevisión, and the information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the following years incorporates, based on the figures corresponding to Cablevisión, the effect of applying the acquisition method to Telecom Argentina to its fair value in accordance with IFRS 3 and the operations of Telecom Argentina as from January 1, 2018. All such financial information is presented in this Annual Report restated in current currency as of December 31, 2020 to take into account the effect of inflation in Argentina.

The financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and earlier that was previously reported in our annual reports on Form 20-F for the years ended December 31, 2017 and earlier reflect the financial information of Telecom Argentina, accounting acquiree in the Merger. Therefore, such financial information is not directly comparable to the financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and earlier included in the 2018 and 2019 Annual Reports, this Annual Report and any other subsequent annual report, which reflect the financial information of Cablevisión (the absorbed entity), considered the accounting acquirer in the Merger.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain information included in this Annual Report contains information that is forward-looking, including, but not limited to:

This Annual Report contains certain forward-looking statements and information relating to Telecom that are based on current views, expectations, estimates and projections of our Management and information currently available to Telecom. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors,” “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” under the captions “Critical Accounting Policies” and “Trend Information,” “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings” and other statements about Telecom’s strategies, plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, capital expenditures, and assumptions and any other statement contained in this Annual Report that is not a historical fact. When used in this document, the terms “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “may” and “should” and other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. In addition, certain forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate.

Many factors could cause actual results, performance or achievements of Telecom to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:

Many of these factors are macroeconomic and regulatory in nature and therefore beyond the control of the Company’s management. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. The Company does not intend and does not assume any obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report.

These forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from our future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Readers are encouraged to consult the Company’s filings made on Form 6-K, which are periodically filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

The following explanations are not provided as or intended to be technical definitions, but only to assist the general reader to understand certain terms used in this Annual Report.

2G (second-generation mobile system): Second-generation protocols using digital encoding and includes GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA) and CDMA. These protocols support high bit rate voice and limited data communications.

3G (third-generation mobile system): Third-generation mobile service, designed to provide high speed data, always-on data access, and greater voice capacity. 3G networks allow the transfer of both voice data services (telephony, messaging) and non-voice data (such as downloading Internet information, exchanging email, and instant messaging). The high data speeds, measured in Mbps, are significantly higher than 2G, and 3G networks technology enable full motion video, high-speed Internet access and videoconferencing. 3G technology standards include UMTS, based on WCDMA technology (quite often the two terms are used interchangeably), and CDMA2000.

4G (fourth-generation mobile system): Fourth-generation mobile service using the LTE technology (Long Term Evolution technology).

5G (fifth-generation mobile system): The next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards. 5G is a complete redesign of network architecture with the flexibility and agility to support upcoming service opportunities. It delivers higher speeds, higher capacity, extremely low latency and greater reliability.

Access (or Accesses): Connection provided by Telecom Argentina to Internet services.

ADS: American Depositary Shares issued by JP Morgan, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, each representing rights to five (5) Class B Shares under a Deposit Agreement.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line): A type of digital subscriber line technology (DSL); a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide.

AFIP (Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos): The Argentine federal tax authority.

AFJP (Administradoras de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones): Private entities that were in charge of managing the funds of the Private Pension and Retirement System established by Law No. 24,241, until its nationalization in November 2008 pursuant to Law No. 26,425.

AFTIC (Autoridad Federal de Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones): The decentralized and autonomous agency in the scope of the PEN appointed as the ENACOM in the LAD. AFTIC was replaced by the ENACOM.

AMBA (Area Metropolitana Buenos Aires): An area comprising the Autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the greater Buenos Aires area, which constitutes the most densely populated region of Argentina. Telephone calls within the area are considered local.

Analog: A mode of transmission or switching that is not digital, e.g., the representation of voice, video or other not in digital form.

ANSES: The Argentine administrator of social security pension and retirement benefits.

ANSES —FGS: The Fondo de Garantía y Sustentabilidad del Sistema Integrado Previsional Argentino managed by ANSES.

Argentine GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Argentina, which we used before the adoption of IFRS.

ARBU (Average Revenue Billed per User): The average monthly revenue billed per user of our fixed telephony services, calculated by dividing total monthly basic charges and traffic revenue by weighted-average number of fixed telephony lines in service during the relevant measurement period.

ARPU (Average Revenue per User): The average monthly revenue per user of our mobile telephony, Internet and cable television services, calculated by dividing total revenue (including revenue earned from cable and Internet subscription fees, mobile telephony subscription fees, cable premium services, pay-per-view fees and additional outlets but excluding mainly handset, out collect (wholesale) roaming, cell site rental and activation fee revenue) by weighted-average number of subscribers of each service during the relevant measurement period.

ASPO (Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio): the mandatory and preventive social isolation measure imposed by the Argentine government.

Auction Terms and Conditions: Terms and Conditions approved by SC Resolution No. 38/14 for the awarding of frequency bands.

Backbone: Main connection network (mainly by fiber optics) that connect local areas.

Basic Telephone Services or BTS: The supply of fixed telecommunications links that form part of the public telephone network, or are connected to such network, and the provision of local and long-distance telephone service (domestic and international).

BCBA (Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires): The Buenos Aires Stock Exchange is a qualified entity according to Section 32 of Law No. 26,831, which acts by delegation of BYMA (Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos).

BCRA (Banco Central de la República Argentina): The Central Bank of Argentina.

Broadband: Services characterized by a transmission speed of 2 Mbps or more. These services include interactive services such as video telephone/video conferencing (both point-to-point and multipoint); video monitoring; interconnection of local networks; file transfer; high-speed fax; e-mail for moving images or mixed documents; Broadband videotext; video on demand and retrieval of sound programs or fixed and moving images.

Broadcasting: Simultaneous transmission of information to all Nodes and terminal equipment of a network.

Cablevisión: Cablevisión S.A., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, dissolved without liquidation as a result of the Merger.

Caja de Valores S.A: Argentine depository that custodies both public and private trading securities.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Accesses): A digital wireless technology used in radio communication for transmission between a mobile handset and a radio base station. It enables the simultaneous transmission and reception of several messages, each of which has a coded identity to distinguish it from the other messages.

Cell: Geographical portion of the territory covered by a base transceiver station.

Cellular: A technique used in mobile radio technology to use the same spectrum of frequencies in one network multiple times. Low power radio transmitters are used to cover a “Cell” (i.e., a limited area) so that the frequencies in use can be reused without interference for other parts of the network.

Channel: The portion of a communications system that connects a source to one or more destinations. Also called circuit, line, link or path.

Churn: The termination of a mobile telephony, cable television or Internet services customer’s account. The churn rate is determined by calculating the total number of disconnected customers of each of our mobile telephony, cable television and Internet services over a given period as a percentage of the initial number of customers for such services as of the beginning of the applicable measurement period. Because most of our mobile telephony services are provided under the Personal brand, historical average monthly churn rates for mobile telephony services customers, included in this Annual Report for comparative purposes, reflect Telecom’s operations prior to the consummation of the Merger.

CNC (Comisión Nacional de Comunicaciones): The Argentine National Communications Commission, which was replaced by the AFTIC, which was replaced by the ENACOM (in December 2015).

CNV (Comisión Nacional de Valores): The Argentine National Securities Commission.

Customer / Subscriber / Access: a client of any of the services we provide. A single subscriber may contract for multiple services, and we believe that it is more useful to count the number of accesses a subscriber has contracted for, than to merely count the number of our subscribers. For example, a subscriber that has fixed line telephony service and broadband service is counted as two subscribers rather than as one subscriber.

D-AMPS (Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone Service): It is a digital version of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service), the original Analog standard for mobile telephone service in the United States.

Digital: A mode of representing a physical variable such as speech using digits 0 and 1 only. The digits are transmitted in binary form as a series of pulses. Digital networks are rapidly replacing the older Analog ones. Digital networks allow for higher capacity and higher flexibility through the use of computer-related technology for the transmission and manipulation of telephone calls. Digital systems offer lower noise interference and can incorporate encryption as a protection from external interference.

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing): Technology for multiplying and transmitting different wavelengths along a single optical fiber contemporaneously.

ENACOM (Ente Nacional de Comunicaciones) or the Regulatory Authority: Argentine Communications Body within the scope of the Ministerio de Modernización, acting as regulatory authority as of the date of this Annual Report. The ENACOM absorbed the functions of AFTIC.

ENTel (Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones): National Telecommunications Company which operated the telecommunications system in Argentina prior to the Transfer Date.

Fiber Optic: Thin glass, silica or plastic wires, building the infrastructure base for data transmission. A Fiber Optic cable contains several individual fibers, and each of them is capable of driving a signal (light impulse) at unlimited bandwidth. Fiber Optics are usually employed for long-distance communication: it can transfer “heavy” data loads, and the signal reaches the recipient, protected from possible disturbances along the way. The driving capacity of Fiber Optics is higher than the traditional copper cable ones.

Fixed assets: Includes PP&E, Intangible assets, Goodwill and Rights of use assets.

FTTC (Fiber to the Curb or Fiber to the Cabinet): In the case of FTTC the fiber connection reaches the equipment (distribution cabinet) located on the pavement, from where copper connections are run to the customer.

FTTH (Fiber to the Home): In the case of FTTH the fiber connection terminates inside the customer premises.

GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network. A flexible optical fiber access network capable of supporting the bandwidth requirements of business and residential services. GPON systems are characterized, in general, by an optical line termination (“OLT”) system and an optical network unit (ONU) or optical network termination (“ONT”) with a passive optical distribution network interconnecting them. There is, in general, a one-to-many relationship between the OLT and the ONU/ONTs, respectively.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service): An enhanced second-generation mobile technology used to transmit data over mobile networks. GPRS transmits and receives packets of data in bursts instead of using continuous open radio channels, and it is used to add faster data transmission speed to GSM networks. GPRS is packet-based rather than circuit-based technology.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): A standard for digital mobile technology used worldwide, which works on 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz band.

HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial): Network that incorporates both optical fiber and coaxial cable to create a broadband network.

ICT (Information and Communication Technology): Broad area concerned with information technology, telecommunications networking and services and other aspects of managing and processing information, especially in large organizations.

ICT services (Information and Communication Technology services): Services to transport and distribute signals or data, such as voice, text, video and images, provided or requested by third-party users, through telecommunications networks.

IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

INDEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos): The Argentine National Statistics and Census Institute.

IP (Internet Protocol): A set of communications protocols for exchanging data over the Internet.

Law No. 26,831 (Ley de Mercado de Capitales): Argentine Capital Markets Law.

List of Conditions: The Privatization Regulations, including the Pliego de Bases y Condiciones, was approved by Decree No. 62/90, as amended. Pursuant to the List of Conditions, Telecom Argentina was required to comply with rate regulations and meet certain minimum annual standards regarding the expansion of its telephone system and improvements in the quality of its service to maintain and extend the exclusivity of its non-expiring license to provide fixed-line public telecommunications services and Basic Telephone Services in the Northern Region of Argentina. After the market was opened to competition, the outstanding obligations that are in force were the rate regulations and those related to the quality of service; the obligations related to the expansion of the network are no longer in force.

Merger: Merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión, effective as of January 1, 2018.

MMS (Mobile Multimedia Services): Represent an evolution of the SMS and the Enhanced Messaging Service (“EMS”) using various mono-medial elements (text, design, photos, video-clips and audio), which are synchronized and combined allowing them to be packed together and sent to GSM-GPRS platforms.

Mobile service: A mobile telephone service provided by means of a network of interconnected low-powered base stations, each of which covers one small geographic cell within the total cellular system service area.

Modem: Modulator/Demodulator. A device that modulates digital data to allow their transmission on Analog channels, generally consisting of telephone lines.

Multimedia: A service involving two or more communications media (e.g., voice, video, text, etc.) and hybrid products created through their interaction.

NDF (Non Deliverable Forward) Agreement: A generic term for a set of derivatives that covers national currency transactions including foreign exchange forward swaps, cross currency swaps and coupon swaps in nonconvertible or highly restricted currencies. The common characteristics of these contracts are that they involve no exchange of principal, are fixed at a predetermined price and are typically settled in U.S. dollars (or sometimes in Euros) at the prevailing spot exchange rate taken from an agreed source, time, and future date.

Network: An interconnected collection of elements. In a telephone network, these consist of switches connected to each other and to customer equipment. The transmission equipment may be based on fiber optic or metallic cable or point-to-point radio connectors.

Nortel: Nortel Inversora S.A., the direct parent company of Telecom Argentina S.A. until November 30, 2017, when it was absorbed by Telecom Argentina pursuant to the Reorganization.

Northern Region: the Argentine government’s privatization program as set forth in the State Reform Law approved in August 1989 and subsequent decrees, the “Privatization Regulations” provided for the division of the Argentine telecommunications network operated by ENTel into two regions, the northern region (the “Northern Region”) and the southern region (the “Southern Region”) of Argentina. Additionally, these two regions are set forth in Decree No. 1,461/93, which ratified the Resolution No. 575/93 which approved the list of conditions for the public offer for the provision of mobile telecommunication services.

OTT (Over the Top): Over the Top applications or services are those services that bypass traditional network distribution approaches and run over, or on top of, internet networks. OTT refers, in general, to content from a third-party that is delivered to an end-user over the internet that is not provided directly by end-user Internet Service Provider.

Outsourcing: Hiring outsiders to perform various telecommunications services, which may include planning, construction, or hosting of a network or specific equipment belonging to a company.

Packs: Packages integrated by SMS and minutes that can be purchased or added to those plans that recharge credit.

PBU (Prestación Básica Universal Obligatoria): Compulsory universal telecommunication service established by Decree No. 690/20 and regulated by ENACOM Resolution No. 1,467/20.

PCS (Personal Communications Service): A mobile communications service with systems that operate in a manner similar to cellular systems.

PEN (Poder Ejecutivo Nacional): The executive branch of the Argentine government.

Penetration: The measurement of the take-up of services. As of any date, the penetration is calculated by dividing the number of subscribers by the population to which the service is available and expressed as a percentage.

Personal: Telecom Personal S.A. Until November 30, 2017, Telecom Argentina owned 100% of Personal. Commencing December 1, 2017, pursuant to the Reorganization, mobile services provided by Personal have been provided by Telecom Argentina.

Platform: The total input, including hardware, software, operating equipment and procedures, for producing (production platform) or managing (Management platform) a particular service (service platform).

Privatization Regulations: The Argentine government’s privatization program as set forth in the State Reform Law approved in August 1989 and subsequent decrees.

Pulse: Unit on which the rate structure of the regulated fixed line services is based.

Quadruple play: Means the integration of fixed and mobile telecommunication services as well as pay television and Internet services.

RECPAM (Resultado por exposición a los cambios en el poder adquisitivo de la moneda): Restatement Adjustment Gain (Loss).

Regulatory Bodies: Collectively or individually, the ENACOM, the AFTIC, the SC and the CNC.

Reorganization: Corporate reorganization pursuant to which Telecom Argentina absorbed Sofora, Nortel and Telecom Personal.

Roaming: A function that enables mobile subscribers to use the service on networks of operators other than the one with which they signed their initial contract. The roaming service is active when a mobile device is used in a foreign country (included in the GSM network).

Satellite: Satellites are used, among other things, for links with countries that cannot be reached by cable to provide an alternative to cable and to form closed user networks.

SC (Secretaría de Comunicaciones): The Argentine Secretary of Communications, which was replaced by the AFTIC and subsequently by the ENACOM.

SCMA (Servicio de Comunicaciones Móviles Avanzadas): Mobile Advanced Communications Service.

Service Provider: The party that provides end users and content providers with a range of services, including a proprietary, exclusive or third-party service center.

SMS (Short Message Service): Short text messages that can be received and sent through GSM-network connected mobile phones. The maximum text length is 160 alpha-numerical characters.

Sofora: Sofora Telecomunicaciones S.A., the indirect parent company of Telecom Argentina S.A. through its participation in Nortel until November 30, 2017, when it was absorbed by Telecom Argentina pursuant to the Reorganization.

SRMC (Servicios de Radiocomunicaciones Móviles Celular): Cellular Mobile Radiocommunications Service.

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Accesses): A technology for digital transmission of radio signals between, for example, a mobile handset and a radio base station. TDMA breaks signals into sequential pieces of defined length, places each piece into an information conduit at specific intervals and then reconstructs the pieces at the end of the conduit.

Telecom Argentina USA: Telecom Argentina USA, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.

TLRD (Terminación Llamada Red Destino): Termination charges from third parties’ mobile networks.

TMF Administration Trust / TMF Trust Company: Administration Trust – Telecom Argentina’s refinancing plan agreed with TMF Trust Co.

Transfer Date: November 8, 1990, the date on which Telecom Argentina commenced operations upon the transfer from the Argentine government of the telecommunications system in the Northern Region of Argentina that was previously owned and operated by ENTel.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System): Third-generation mobile communication standard.

Universal Service: The availability of Basic Telephone Service, or access to the public telephone network via different alternatives, at an affordable price to all persons within a country or specified area.

URSEC (Unidad Reguladora de Servicios de Comunicaciones): Uruguayan Regulatory Authority.

Value Added Services (VAS): Services that provide a higher level of functionality than the basic transmission services offered by a telecommunications network such as video streaming, “Personal Video,” “Nube Personal” (Cloud services), M2M (Machine to Machine communication), social networks, “Personal Messenger,” content and entertainment (SMS subscriptions and content, games, music, etc.), MMS and voice mail.

VLG Argentina: VLG S.A.U., an Argentine corporation that is a shareholder of Telecom Argentina and controlled by CVH. (formerly known as VLG Argentina, LLC).

The following table presents certain selected consolidated financial data. It is to be read in conjunction with the rest of this Annual Report, in particular, the sections “Presentation of Financial Information”, “Item 4 —Information on the Company” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and the Consolidated Financial Statements. The selected consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and the selected consolidated financial position data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are derived from, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The selected consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the selected consolidated financial position data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been restated pursuant to IAS 29 to reflect the effect of hyperinflation in Argentina. As a result of such restatement, the selected financial information included in this Annual Report differ from previously reported financial information.

The selected consolidated financial position data as of December 31, 2016 has not been presented as it cannot be provided on a restated basis without unreasonable effort or expense.

(4) Calculated based on the equivalent in ADSs to the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each period (430,737,602 ADSs for 2020, 2019 and 2018 and 236,905,681 ADSs for 2017 and 2016).

(8) Comparative figures as of December 31, 2016 arise from the consolidated financial statements of Telecom as of December 31, 2018, which have been restated in current currency as of December 31, 2020 to consider the effect of inflation in accordance to the requirements of IAS 29.

The following tables show, for the periods indicated, certain information regarding the exchange rates for U.S. dollars, expressed in nominal Pesos per dollar (ask price published by Banco de la Nación Argentina). See “Item 10—Additional Information—Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Argentina”.

This section is intended to be a summary of more detailed discussions contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. The risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks that we do not presently consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also affect us. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks materialize and, as a result, the market price of our shares and our ADSs could decline. You should carefully consider these risks with respect to an investment in Telecom Argentina. This section is divided in two sub-sections: the “Risk Factors Summary”, which provides a brief summary of our Risk Factors and “Detailed Risk Factors”, providing detailed information in relation to each Risk Factor identified.

The following summarizes the main risks to which we are subject. You should carefully consider all of the information discussed below in “Item 3. Key Information—Detailed Risk Factors” in this annual report for a comprehensive description of these and other risks.

A substantial majority of our property, operations and customers are located in Argentina, and a portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend to a significant extent on economic and political conditions prevailing in Argentina and on the exchange rates between the Argentine Peso and foreign currencies. In the recent past, Argentina has experienced severe recessions, political crises, periods of high inflation and significant currency devaluation. The Argentine economy has been volatile since 2011, with years of economic growth and others with recession. For example, Argentina’s economy grew in 2017, but contracted in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Several factors have impacted negatively the Argentine economy in the recent past, and may continue to impact it in the future, including among others, inflation rates, exchange rates, commodity prices, level of BCRA reserves, public debt, tax pressures, trade and fiscal balances, government policy, the international context and further developments of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Devaluation of the Argentine Peso and foreign exchange controls may adversely affect our results of operations, our capital expenditures and our ability to service our liabilities and pay dividends.

Since we generate a substantial portion of our revenues in Argentine Pesos (functional currency of Telecom), any devaluation may negatively affect the U.S. dollar value of our earnings while increasing, in Peso terms, our expenses and capital expenditures denominated in foreign currency. The Argentine Peso has been subject to significant devaluation against the U.S. dollar in the past and may be subject to fluctuations in the future. We cannot predict whether and to what extent the value of the peso could depreciate or appreciate against the U.S. dollar and the way in which any such fluctuations could affect our business. The value of the peso compared to other currencies is dependent, among other factors, on the level of international reserves maintained by the BCRA, which have also shown significant fluctuations in recent years. As of December 28, 2020, the international reserves of the BCRA totaled US$ 39,236 million. The Argentine macroeconomic environment, in which we operate, was affected by the continued devaluation of the peso, which in turn had and could continue to have a direct impact on our financial and economic position.

The value of the peso has fluctuated significantly in the past. In 2020, the Argentine Peso continued to depreciate against the U.S. dollar and other major foreign currencies. According to Communication “A” 3500 of the BCRA, the peso/dollar exchange rate stood at Ps. 84.15 per US$ 1.00 as of December 31, 2020, evidencing a devaluation of the peso of approximately 40.5% from its value of 59.90 Pesos per dollar at December 31, 2019 (compared to 58.9%, 102.2% and 17.4% in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively). As a result of the Argentine Peso’s increased volatility, the Argentine government and the BCRA implemented several measures to stabilize its value, including, among others, stronger exchange regulations, an increase in short term interest rates and the sale of foreign currency reserves made by the BCRA. The continued devaluation of the Argentine Peso during the past years has had and continues to have a negative impact on the payment of foreign currency denominated debts by local private sector debtors to unrelated foreign entities, and has also led to an increase in inflation, which in turn has a direct impact on real wages. The devaluation has also negatively impacted businesses whose success is dependent on domestic market demand, and adversely affected the Argentine government’s ability to honor its foreign debt commitments. Any further depreciation of the Argentine Peso or our inability to acquire foreign currency could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict whether, and to what extent, the value of the Argentine Peso may depreciate or appreciate against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies, nor the way in which any such fluctuations could affect demand for the fixed and mobile telephony services, Internet services and cable television services we provide. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that, in the future, no additional currency or foreign exchange restrictions or controls will be imposed. Existing and future measures may negatively affect Argentina’s international competitiveness, discouraging foreign investments and lending by foreign investors or increasing foreign capital outflow which could have an adverse effect on economic activity in Argentina, and which in turn could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We cannot predict how these conditions will affect the consumption of services provided by Telecom or our ability to meet our liabilities denominated in currencies other than the Argentine Peso. Any restrictions on transferring funds abroad imposed by the government could undermine our ability to pay dividends on our ADSs or make payments (of principal or interest) under our outstanding indebtedness in U.S. dollars, as well as to comply with any other obligation denominated in foreign currency. See “Item 10—Additional Information—Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Argentina”.

A depreciation of the Argentine Peso against major foreign currencies may also have an adverse impact on our capital expenditure program and increase the Argentine Peso amount of our trade liabilities and financial debt denominated in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2020, approximately P$206,279 million of our liabilities were denominated in foreign currencies. Telecom seeks to manage the risk of devaluation of the Argentine Peso, by entering from time to time into certain NDF agreements in order to hedge some of its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. However, Telecom remains highly exposed to risks associated with the fluctuation of the Argentine Peso.

In September 2019, in light of the economic instability and the significant devaluation that followed the primary elections as described below, the Argentine government and the BCRA adopted a series of measures reinstating foreign exchange controls, which among other things, significantly curtailed access to the official foreign exchange market (the “FX Market”) by individuals and entities. Higher restrictions to access the official FX markets were imposed during 2020, with a view to reducing the loss of international reserves generated by a greater demand of US dollars by individuals and companies. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7106 (as amended and supplemented from time to time), the BCRA established certain requirements to access the local exchange market for purposes of repayment of cross-border financial debts, in particular, for the payment of principal outstanding amounts in loans and securities having amortization payments scheduled between October 15, 2020 and December 31, 2021 for principal amounts exceeding US$2,000,000 by the non-financial private sector and financial entities. Particularly, the payment of principal amounts pertaining to loans and securities subject to the regulation should be part of a refinancing plan that must be previously filed with the BCRA, which must provide that (i) only 40% of the principal amount owed and payable shall be paid through the local foreign exchange market on or prior to March 31, 2021; and (ii) the remaining 60% must be refinanced so the average life of the debt is increased for a minimum of two years. It is not possible to guarantee that the period covered by Communication “A” 7106 will not be extended or reinstated in the future by the BCRA or that other regulations with similar effects will be issued that would require the Company to refinance its obligations, which in turn could have a negative impact on the Company, and in particular, in the Company's ability to meet its debt obligations. See “—Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds of any sale of the Class B Shares underlying the ADSs and “Item 10—Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Argentina—External financial indebtedness”

Economic and political developments in Argentina, and future policies of the Argentine government may affect the economy as well as the operations of the telecommunications industry, including Telecom Argentina.

The Argentine government has historically exercised significant influence over the economy, and telecommunications companies in particular have operated in a highly regulated environment. The Argentine government may promulgate numerous, far-reaching regulations affecting the economy and telecommunications companies in particular.

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In October 2019, Alberto Fernández was elected president of Argentina and took office on December 10, 2019. Fernández announced and implemented a wide range of economic and policy reforms. In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Argentine government enforced the ASPO, which caused significant disruption to social, operative, economic and market activities. The Argentine government also introduced emergency measures in the telecommunications sector in order to alleviate the financial burden of the pandemic on individuals and companies. Decree No. 311/20 issued by PEN on March 24, 2020 determined that services related to fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and cable TV would not be interrupted for defaults in payment by a certain group of customers defined therein (See “—The coronavirus and the measures taken or to be implemented by the Argentine government in response to the coronavirus have had and could continue to have a significant adverse effect on our business operations”). In August 2020, Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services as an essential public service and imposed tariff regulations on such services (See “—Risks Relating to Telecom and its operations— The regulation of rates may adversely affect Telecom Argentina’s revenues”).

On March 13, 2020, the Minister of Economy addressed a letter to the Paris Club members expressing Argentina’s decision to postpone until May 5, 2021 the US$2.1 billion payment originally due on May 5, 2020, in accordance with the terms of the settlement agreement the Republic had reached with the Paris Club members on May 29, 2014 (the “Paris Club 2014 Settlement Agreement”). In addition, on April 7, 2020, the Minister of Economy sent the Paris Club members a proposal to modify the existing terms of the Paris Club 2014 Settlement Agreement, seeking mainly an extension of the maturity dates and a significant reduction in the interest rate.

On August 18, 2020, Argentina offered holders of its foreign currency bonds governed by Argentine law to exchange such bonds for new bonds, on terms that were equitable to the terms of the invitation made to holders of foreign law-governed bonds. On September 18, 2020, Argentina announced that holders representing 99.4% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of all series of eligible bonds invited to participate in the local exchange offer had participated. As a result of the exchange offer, the average interest rate paid by Argentina’s foreign currency bonds governed by Argentine law was lowered to 2.4%, compared to an average interest rate of 7.6% prior to the exchange. In addition, the exchange offer extended the average maturity of such bonds.

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, Argentina sought to preserve the normal functioning of the local capital market for debt denominated in Pesos, which it considers a key factor for the development of the domestic capital market. In particular, during this period, the Argentine government sought to recover the Treasury’s financing capacity, create conditions for the development of the domestic capital markets and generate savings instruments with positive and sustainable real rates, in turn reducing its monetary financing needs and expanding the depth of the local debt market and the participation of relevant institutional investors. In addition, the Treasury expanded its menu of financing instruments to obtain the funds needed to cover its 2020 financial needs and to design the 2021 financial program according to the guidelines outlined in the 2021 budget.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Argentine government has initiated negotiations with the IMF in order to renegotiate the principal maturities of the US$ 44.1 billion disbursed between 2018 and 2019 under a Stand By Agreement, originally planned for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. We cannot assure whether the Argentine government will be successful in the negotiations with that agency, which could affect its ability to implement reforms and public policies and boost economic growth, nor the impact of the result that renegotiation will have in Argentina’s ability to access international capital markets (and indirectly in our ability to access those markets) to access international capital markets. Moreover, the long-term impact of these measures and any future measures taken by the current administration on the Argentine economy, as a whole and in the telecommunication sector in particular, remains uncertain. It is possible that such reforms could be disruptive to the economy and adversely affect the Argentine economy and the telecommunications industry, and consequently, our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are also unable to predict the measures that the Argentine government may adopt in the future, and how they will impact on the Argentine economy and our results of operations and financial condition.

In the event of any economic, social or political crisis, companies operating in Argentina may face the risk of strikes, expropriation, nationalization, mandatory amendment of existing contracts, and changes in taxation policies including tax increases and retroactive tax claims. In addition, Argentine courts have sanctioned modifications on rules related to labor matters, requiring companies to assume greater responsibility for the assumption of costs and risks associated with sub-contracted labor and the calculation of salaries, severance payments and social security contributions. Since we operate in a context in which the governing law and applicable regulations change frequently, also as a result of changes in government administrations, it is difficult to predict if and how our activities will be affected by such changes.

We cannot assure you that future economic, regulatory, social and political developments in Argentina will not adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or cause the decrease of the market value of our securities.

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Inflation could accelerate, causing adverse effects on the economy and negatively impacting Telecom’s margins and/or ratios.

Argentina has experienced repeatedly, including in recent years, periods of high inflation. Inflation has increased since 2005 and has remained relatively high since then. There can be no assurance that inflation rates will not be higher in the future. Furthermore, the INDEC experienced in the past periods of political interventionism that raised serious concerns about the reliability of the data published by the agency. Future political intervention in the INDEC could jeopardize the agency’s autonomy and therefore affect the reliability of the statistics it publishes.

The National CPI variation was of 36.1% in 2020 and 53.8% in 2019. Efforts made by the Argentine government to contain and reduce inflation have not achieved the desired results and inflation remains a significant problem for the Argentine economy. If the value of the Argentine Peso cannot be stabilized through fiscal and monetary policies, an increase in inflation rates could be expected. For additional information, see Note 1.e) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Because the majority of our revenues are denominated in Pesos, any further increase in the rate of inflation not accompanied by a parallel increase in our prices would decrease our revenues in real terms and adversely affect our results of operations (See also “—Risks Relating to Telecom and its operations—The regulation of rates may adversely affect Telecom Argentina’s revenues”). Further, higher inflation rates generally lead to a reduction in the purchasing power, thus increasing the likelihood of a lower level of demand for our fixed and mobile telecommunications, cable television and Internet services in Argentina.

The Argentine government may exercise greater intervention in private sector companies, including Telecom Argentina.

In November 2008, Argentina nationalized its private pension and retirement system, which had been previously administered by the AFJPs, and appointed ANSES as its administrator. Argentina’s nationalization of its pension and retirement system constituted a significant change in the Argentine government’s approach towards Argentina’s main publicly traded companies. A significant portion of the public float of certain Argentine publicly traded companies is currently owned by the Argentine government through ANSES-FGS, including Telecom. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. The Argentine government exercised in the past, and may exercise in the future, influence over corporate governance decisions of companies in which it owns shares by combining its ability to exercise its shareholder voting rights to designate board and supervisory committee members with its ability to dictate tax and regulatory matters. Additionally, since the AFJPs were significant institutional investors and active market traders in Argentina, the nationalization of the private pension and retirement system affected the access to financing in capital markets for publicly traded companies as well as the liquidity of their securities within the market.

On June 9, 2020, the Argentine government declared a 60-day intervention on Vicentin S.A.I.C. (“Vicentin”), an agro-industrial company based in the Province of Santa Fe. The decision to intervene, with a view to ensuring continuity in the company’s operations and job preservation, came after Vicentin filed for a reorganization proceeding on February 10, 2020, as a result of its inability to pay obligations amounting to Ps. 99.3 billion. In addition, the Argentine government intended to submit a bill to Congress that would declare Vicentin a company of public interest, and therefore would enable its expropriation. We cannot predict whether the current administration or future administrations will take similar or further measures, including nationalization, expropriation and/or increased Argentine governmental intervention in companies. Government intervention in the industries in which we operate could create uncertainties for investors in public companies in Argentina, including Telecom Argentina, as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “—Economic and political developments in Argentina, and future policies of the Argentine government may affect the economy as well as the operations of the telecommunications industry, including Telecom Argentina”.

Argentina’s economy contracted in 2020, 2019 and 2018 and may contract in the future due to international and domestic conditions which may adversely affect our operations.

The Argentine economy has experienced significant volatility in the past few years and recent decades, characterized by periods of low or negative GDP growth, high and variable levels of inflation and currency devaluation. Argentina’s economy contracted during 2020, 2019 and 2018 and the country’s economy remains unstable notwithstanding the efforts by the Argentine government to address inflation and the constraints on the country’s foreign exchange reserves and related pressure on the value of peso. Substantially all of our operations, properties and customers are located in Argentina, and, as a result, our business is, to a large extent, dependent upon economic and legal conditions prevailing in Argentina. If economic conditions in Argentina were to further deteriorate, they could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

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Global economic and financial crises, and the general weakness of the global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected emerging economies like Argentina’s economy. Global financial instability, any further economic global downturn due to COVID-19 and any future increases in the interest of the United States and other developed countries may impact the Argentine economy and prevent Argentina to be put back on track to growth or could aggravate the current recession with consequences in the trade and fiscal balances and in the unemployment rate.

Moreover, Argentina’s economic growth was severely impacted as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. It might also be negatively affected in the future by several domestic factors such as an appreciation of the real exchange rate which could affect its competitiveness, reductions and even reversion of a positive trade balance, which, combined with capital outflows could reduce the levels of consumption and investment resulting in greater exchange rate pressure. Additionally, abrupt changes in monetary and fiscal policies or foreign exchange regime could rapidly affect local economic output, while lack of appropriate levels of investment in certain economy sectors could reduce long-term growth. Access to the international financial markets could be limited. Consequently, an increase in public spending not correlated with an increase in public revenues could affect the Argentina’s fiscal results and generate uncertainties that might affect the economy’s growth level.

In addition to the severe social and market disruption at a global scale during 2020 caused by the COVID 19 outbreak, in recent years, several trading partners of Argentina (such as Brazil, Europe and China) have experienced significant slowdowns or recession periods in their economies. These slowdowns intensified during 2020. If such slowdowns or recessions were to recur, this may impact the demand for products coming from Argentina and hence affect its economy. Additionally, there is uncertainty as to how the trade relationship between the Mercosur member States will unfold, in particular between Argentina and Brazil. We cannot predict the effect on the Argentine economy and our operations if trade disputes arise between Argentina and Brazil, or in case either country decided to exit the Mercosur.

In addition, the global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. There have been concerns over unrest and terrorist threats in the Middle East, Europe and Africa and over the conflicts involving Iran, Ukraine, Syria and North Korea. Moreover, political and social crises arose in several countries of Latin America during 2019, as the economy in much of the region has slowed down after almost a decade of sustained growth, among other factors. There have also been concerns on the relationship among China and other Asian countries, which may result in or intensify potential conflicts in relation to territorial disputes, and the possibility of a trade war between the United States and China. In addition, United Kingdom exited the European Union (“Brexit”) on January 31, 2020. The medium and long term implications of Brexit could adversely affect European and worldwide economic and market conditions and could contribute to instability in global financial and foreign exchange markets.

During 2020, the Argentine economy was adversely affected by some of aforementioned factors. If international and domestic conditions for Argentina were to worsen, the Argentine economy could be negatively affected as a result of lower international demand and lower prices for its products and services, higher international interest rates, lower capital inflows and higher risk aversion, which may also adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The coronavirus and the measures taken or to be implemented by the Argentine government in response to the coronavirus have had and could continue to have a significant adverse effect on our business operations.

In late December 2019, COVID-19, originating from Wuhan, Hubei province, was reported to the World Health Organization, with cases soon confirmed in multiple provinces in China, as well as in other countries. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Several measures have been undertaken by the Argentine Government and other governments around the globe, including the use of quarantine, screenings at airports and other transports hub, travel restrictions, suspension of visas, nation-wide lockdowns, closing of public and private institutions, suspension of sport events, restrictions to museums and tourist attractions and extension of holidays, among many others. However, the virus continues to spread globally and, as of the date of this Annual Report, has affected most countries and territories around the world, including Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and the United States. To date, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused significant social, operational, economic and market disruption. The long-term impact on the global economy and financial markets is still uncertain, but is expected to be significant.

Since March 20, 2020 the Argentine government imposed a series of measures aimed at reducing the movement of the population, ordering the ASPO, which only allowed the movement of individuals involved in activities considered essential by the Argentine government. While the Argentine government has determined that the provision of fixed and mobile telephony, internet and digital services constitutes an essential service, we have implemented a home-office policy for a substantial portion of our employees in accordance with the recommendations of the authorities.

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The long-term effects of the pandemic on the global economy and the Company are difficult to assess or predict. Although we have devoted considerable resources to preventative measures in order to reduce the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our employees, business, service and operations, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective or that the pandemic will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial situation and results of operations, which could result in a further decline in the market prices of our Class B Shares and ADSs. Due to the investments in infrastructure we made during the last years, our equipment, systems and networks have been working efficiently and met the increased use of the services we provide during the ASPO, both through fixed and mobile connectivity. However, the quality and reliability of our network could be affected in the event that the use of our networks continues to increase due to new governmental measures. In addition, the uncertain evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic might affect employees’ health and safety, generate risks for the deployment of our services (including by limiting our customer support and domiciliary service repairs and installations, among others effects resulting from government measures), result in reduced sales in certain geographic locations, affect the Company’s revenues and result in an economic contraction in the countries in which we operate, which could have an adverse effect on the demand of our products and consequently in the results of our operations.

Furthermore, Argentine Decree No. 311/2020 declared the temporary suspension on disconnection of services deemed essential for the development of daily life in cases of delay or default in payments, including fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and television subscriptions. The Decree also established that certain customers of our fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and cable television services would have reduced services in cases of delay or default in payments, which may adversely affect our cash flows from operations and increase our expected losses on trade receivables.

In addition, we entered into an agreement with the ENACOM, which suspended, among other things, any increases in the prices of mobile and fixed telephony, Internet and cable television services, as well as employee layoffs until August 31,2020. Finally, on August 22, 2020, under Decree No. 690/20, the Argentine Digital Law was amended to suspend any increase in prices or changes from the ICT licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020, specifically mentioning broadcasting service subscriptions by physical and/or radio-electric link and fixed or mobile telephony services. The Decree has been ratified by Congress and is regulated by ENACOM Resolutions Nos. 1,466/20 and 1,467/20. For more information, see “—Risks Relating to Telecom and its operations— The regulation of rates may adversely affect Telecom Argentina’s revenues”.

Any prolonged restrictive measures put in place in order to control a new outbreak of contagious disease or other adverse public health development in any of our targeted markets may have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. Moreover, considering that some of our strategic suppliers are located in countries affected by the outbreak of COVID-19, the delivery of equipment and fixed assets that are material to us may be impacted, which would have an adverse effect on our business operations. We may also be affected by a decline in the demand of our products as a result of the economic contraction. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term. Additionally, we cannot predict how the disease will evolve (and potentially, spread) in Argentina during 2021 due to new outbreaks and new strains of the virus that have appeared practically simultaneously with the advance of the vaccination campaign, nor anticipate what additional restrictions governments of those countries or other countries may impose. To the extent COVID-19 adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also exacerbate many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the outbreak of any novel strain of coronavirus and its impact on the demand of our products and the financial markets, among other factors, will be key issues to determine the duration and depth of the economic crisis in Argentina and worldwide, as well as on our strategy, financial situation and results of our operations.

For further information related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, as well as to the internal or external measures we promoted during the sanitary emergency, see Note 29 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Argentina’s ability to obtain financing from international markets is limited, which could affect its capacity to implement reforms and sustain economic growth.

After Argentina’s default on certain debt payments in 2001, the government successfully restructured 92% of the debt through two debt exchange offers in 2005 and 2010. Nevertheless, holdout creditors filed numerous lawsuits against Argentina in several jurisdictions, including the United States, Italy, Germany and Japan, asserting that Argentina failed to make timely payments of interest and/or principal on their bonds, and seeking judgments for the face value of and/or accrued interest on those bonds. Judgments were issued in numerous proceedings in the United States, Germany and Japan. Although creditors with favorable judgments did not succeed, with a few minor exceptions, in enforcing on those judgments, as a result of decisions adopted by the New York courts in support of those creditors in 2014, Argentina was enjoined from making payments on its bonds issued in the 2005 and 2010 exchange offers unless it satisfied amounts due to the holders of defaulted bonds. The Argentine government took a number of steps intended to continue servicing the bonds issued in the 2005 and 2010 exchange offers, which had limited success. Holdout creditors continued to litigate and succeeded in preventing the Argentine government from regaining market access.

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Between February and April 2016, the Argentine government entered into agreements in principle with certain holders of defaulted debt and put forward a proposal to other holders of defaulted debt, including those with pending claims in U.S. courts, which resulted in the settlement of substantially all remaining disputes and closure to 15 years of litigation. On April 22, 2016, Argentina issued bonds for US$16.5 billion, and applied US$9.3 billion of the proceeds to satisfy payments under the settlement agreements reached with holders of defaulted debt. Since then, substantially all of the remaining claims under defaulted bonds have been settled.

As of the date of this Annual Report, although litigation initiated by bondholders that have not accepted Argentina’s settlement offer continues in several jurisdictions, the size of the claims involved has decreased significantly.

In addition, since 2001 foreign shareholders of some Argentine companies initiated claims for substantial amounts before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) against Argentina, pursuant to the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. Claimants allege that certain measures of the Argentine government issued during the economic crisis of 2001 and 2002 were inconsistent with the norms or standards set forth in several bilateral investment treaties by which Argentina was bound at the time. To date, several of these disputes have been settled, and a significant number of cases are in process or have been temporarily suspended by the agreement of the parties.

Between 2016 and early 2018, Argentina regained access to the market and incurred in additional debt. However, as a result of various external and domestic factors, during the first half of 2018, access to the market became increasingly onerous. On May 8, 2018, the Macri administration announced that the Argentine government would initiate negotiations with the IMF with a view to entering into a stand-by credit facility that would give Argentina access to financing by the IMF. On June 7, 2018, the Argentine government and the IMF staff reached an understanding on the terms of the SBA for disbursements totaling approximately US$50 billion, which was approved by the IMF’s Executive Board on June 20, 2018. The SBA was intended to provide support to the Macri administration’s economic program, helping build confidence, reduce uncertainties and strengthen Argentina’s economic prospects. On June 22, 2018 the Argentine government made a first drawing of approximately US$15 billion under the SBA. Argentina has received disbursements under the SBA for US$44 billion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the current administration has publicly announced that they will refrain from requesting additional disbursements under the agreement, and instead vowed to renegotiate its terms and conditions in good faith.

Following the execution of the SBA, in August 2018, Argentina faced an unexpected bout of volatility affecting emerging markets generally. In September 2018, the Macri administration discussed with the IMF staff further measures of support in the face of renewed financial volatility and a challenging economic environment. On October 26, 2018, in light of the adjustments to fiscal and monetary policies announced by the Argentine government and the BCRA, the IMF’s Executive Board allowed the Argentine government to draw the equivalent of US$5.7 billion, bringing total disbursements since June 2018 to approximately US$20.6 billion, approved an augmentation of the SBA increasing total assets to approximately US$57.1 billion for the duration of the program through 2021 and the front loading of the disbursements. Under the revised SBA, IMF resources for Argentina in 2018-19 increased by US$18.9 billion. IMF disbursements for the remainder of 2018 more than doubled compared to the original IMF-supported program, to a total of US$13.4 billion (in addition to the US$15 billion disbursed in June 2018). Disbursements in 2019 were also nearly doubled, to US$22.8 billion, with US$5.9 billion planned for 2020-2021.

On August 28, 2019, the Macri administration issued a decree deferring the scheduled payment date for 85% of the amounts due on short-term notes maturing in the fourth quarter of 2019, governed by Argentine law and held by institutional investors. Of the deferred amounts, 30% would be repaid 90 days after the original payment date and the remaining 70% would be repaid 180 days after the original payment date, except for payments under Lecaps due 2020 held domestically, which would be repaid entirely 90 days after the original payment date. Amounts due on short-term notes held by individual investors would be paid as originally scheduled.

Moreover, in December 2019, the current administration further extended by decree payments of a series of short term Argentine-law governed treasury notes denominated in U.S. dollars held by institutional investors through August 2020. Additionally, on February 11, 2020, the Argentine government decreed the extension of maturity to September 30, 2020 of a dollar-linked treasury note governed by Argentine law, which had been originally subscribed to a large extent with U.S. dollar remittances, to avoid a payment with Argentine Pesos that would have required significant sterilization efforts by the monetary authority.

On February 12, 2020, the Argentine Congress enacted Law No. 27,544 for the Sustainable Restoration of Foreign-Law Governed Public Debt which granted the Ministry of Economy the power to restructure the Argentine government’s external public debt. On March 9, 2020, the Executive Branch issued decree No. 250/20 authorizing the Ministry of Economy to restructure US$68,842 million in debt.

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Following Law No. 27,544, on March 10, 2020, Decree No. 250/20 issued by the Argentine government established the maximum nominal amount of liability management transactions and/or exchanges and/or restructurings of the Republic of Argentina’s outstanding public securities issued under foreign law as of February 12, 2020 at the nominal value of US$68,842,528,826, or its equivalent in other currencies. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the timeline initially published by the Ministry of Economy for the restructuring of the public external debt which provided, among other steps, the launch of an exchange offer of such public securities issued under foreign law, was postponed.

On April 21, 2020, Argentina invited holders of approximately US$ 66.5 billion aggregate principal amount of its foreign currency external bonds to exchange such bonds for new bonds. The invitation contemplated the use of collective action clauses included in the terms and conditions of such bonds, whereby the decision by certain majorities would bind holders that do not tender into the exchange offer. On August 31, 2020 it announced that it had obtained bondholder consents required to exchange and or modify 99.01% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of all series of eligible bonds invited to participate in the exchange offer. The restructuring settled on September 4, 2020. As a result of the invitation, the average interest rate paid by Argentina’s foreign currency external bonds was lowered to 3.07%, with a maximum rate of 5.0%, compared to an average interest rate of 7.0% and maximum rate of 8.28% prior to the invitation. In addition, the aggregate amount outstanding of Argentina’s foreign currency external bonds was reduced by 1.9% and the average maturity of such bonds was extended.

On April 5, 2020, the Argentine government enacted Decree No. 346/20 (i) deferring the payments of principal and interest on certain of its foreign currency bonds governed by Argentine law until December 31, 2020, or until such earlier date as the Ministry of Economy may determine, considering the progress made in the process designed to restore the sustainability of Argentina’s public debt, and (ii) authorizing the Ministry of Economy to conduct liability management transactions or exchange offers, or to implement restructuring measures affecting foreign currency bonds governed by Argentine law which payments have been deferred pursuant to such Decree.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Argentine government has initiated negotiations with the IMF in order to renegotiate the principal maturities of the US$ 44.1 billion disbursed between 2018 and 2019 under a Stand By Agreement, originally planned for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. We cannot assure whether the Argentine government will be successful in the negotiations with that agency, which could affect its ability to implement reforms and public policies and boost economic growth, nor the impact of the result that renegotiation will have in Argentina's ability to access international capital markets (and indirectly in our ability to access those markets) to access international capital markets, in the Argentine economy or in our economic and financial situation or in our capacity to extend the maturity dates of our debt or other conditions that could affect our results and operations or businesses. Lack of access to international or domestic financial markets could affect the projected capital expenditures for our operations in Argentina, which, in turn, may have an adverse effect on our financial condition or the results of our operations.

Without renewed access to the financial market the Argentine government may not have the financial resources to implement reforms and boost growth, which could have a significant adverse effect on the country’s economy and, consequently, on our activities. Likewise, Argentina’s inability to obtain credit in international markets could have a direct impact on our ability to access those markets to finance our operations and our growth, including the financing of capital investments, which would negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, we cannot predict the outcome of any future restructuring of Argentine sovereign debt. We have investments in Argentine sovereign bonds amounting to P$7,061 million as of December 31, 2020. Any new event of default by the Argentine government could negatively affect their valuation and repayment terms, as well as have a material adverse effect on the Argentine economy and, consequently, our business and results of operations.

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The Argentine banking system may be subject to instability which may affect our operations.

In recent years, the Argentine financial system grew significantly with a marked increase in loans and private deposits, showing a recovery of credit activity. Such recovery has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of the fact that the financial system’s deposits continue to grow in nominal terms, they are mostly short-term deposits and the sources of medium and long-term funding for financial institutions are currently limited. In 2020, nominal private deposits in Pesos increased 84.6% year-over-year (fueled by the growth of savings and current accounts with a 91.5% increase) and nominal time deposits increased 81.0% year-over-year. During the same period, loans in foreign currency (composed mainly of corporate loans) evidenced a decrease of 4.9% at the end of 2020. In 2020, private deposits in U.S. dollars declined by 18.0%.

Financial institutions are particularly subject to significant regulation from multiple regulatory authorities, all of whom may, among other things, establish limits on commissions and impose sanctions on the financial institutions. The lack of a stable regulatory framework, or changes to such regulatory framework by the government, could impose significant limitations on the activities of the financial institutions and could induce uncertainty with respect to the financial system stability.

The persistence of the current economic crisis or the instability of one or more of the larger banks, public or private, could have a material adverse effect on the prospects for economic growth and political stability in Argentina, resulting in a loss of consumer confidence, lower disposable income and fewer financing alternatives for consumers. These conditions would have a material adverse effect on us by resulting in lower usage of our services, lower sales of devices and the possibility of a higher level of uncollectible accounts or increase the credit risk of the counterparties regarding the Company investments in local financial institutions.

Exchange controls and restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflows limit the availability of international credit.

We are subject to Argentine and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Anti-Bribery Convention, the Argentine Anti-Money Laundering Law (Ley de Prevención del Lavado de Activos), the Argentine Corporate Criminal Liability Law (Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Empresaria) and other applicable anti-corruption laws prohibit companies and their intermediaries from offering or making improper payments (or giving anything of value) to government officials and/or persons in the private sector for the purpose of influencing them or obtaining or retaining business and require companies to keep accurate books and records and maintain appropriate internal controls. In particular, the Argentine Corporate Criminal Liability Law provides for the criminal liability of corporate entities for criminal offences against public administration and transnational bribery committed by, among others, its attorneys-in-fact, directors, managers, employees, or representatives. In this sense, a company may be held liable and subject to fines and/or suspension of its activities if such offences were committed, directly or indirectly, in its name, behalf or interest, the company obtained or may have obtained a benefit therefrom, and the offence resulted from a company’s ineffective control.

It may be possible that, in the future, there may emerge in the press allegations of instances of misbehavior on the part of former agents, current or former employees or others acting on our behalf or on the part of public officials or other third parties doing or considering business with us. We will endeavor to monitor such press reports and investigate matters which we believe warrant an investigation in keeping with the requirements of compliance programs and, if necessary, make disclosure and notify the relevant authorities. However, any adverse publicity that such allegations attract may have a negative impact on our reputation and lead to increased regulatory scrutiny of our business practices.

If we or individuals or entities that are or were related to us are found to be liable for violations of applicable anti-corruption laws (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we or other individuals or entities could face civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions, which in turn could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may become subject to burdensome regulations, ordinances and laws affecting the services we offer which could adversely affect our operations.

Activities in the fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses are subject to risks associated with the adoption and implementation of laws and governmental regulations that reflect changing governmental policies over time. The Argentine government has historically exercised significant influence over the economy, and telecommunications companies in particular have operated in a highly regulated environment. In the past, the Argentine government promulgated numerous, far-reaching regulations affecting the economy and telecommunications companies in particular. Existing regulations could further increase penalties that may be imposed by the regulatory authorities. In addition, local municipalities in the regions where we operate have also introduced regulations and proposed various taxes and fees for the installation of infrastructure, equipment and expansion of fixed line and mobile networks. For example, municipalities usually restrict areas where antennas may be deployed, negatively impacting our mobile service coverage, which in turn affects the quality of our services. Municipal and provincial tax authorities have also brought an increasing number of claims against us, which we are replying. If changes to existing laws and regulations lead to negative consequences for the Company, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

After the deregulation of Argentina’s telecommunications and media industries, the Broadcasting Law (as defined below), the LAD and their implementing regulations have been amended on a number of occasions, modifying requirements to hold or transfer broadcasting licenses. In addition, we are subject to the regulations of certain other governmental entities, including the SCI, which has issued resolutions requiring Argentine cable television operators to apply a formula to calculate their customers’ monthly subscription prices.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Argentine government introduced emergency measures in the telecommunications sector in order to alleviate the financial burden of the pandemic on individuals and companies. Decree No. 311/20 issued by PEN on March 24, 2020 determined that services related to fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and cable TV would not be interrupted for defaults in payment by a certain group of customers defined therein (See “—The coronavirus and the measures taken or to be implemented by the Argentine government in response to the coronavirus have had and could continue to have a significant adverse effect on our business operations”). In August 2020, Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services as an essential public service and imposed tariff regulations on such services (See “—Risks Relating to Telecom and its operations— The regulation of rates may adversely affect Telecom Argentina’s revenues”).

We can offer no assurances that we will not be subject to similar regulations in the future, which could force us to modify the prices of subscription services and have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

The regulatory authorities have imposed increasing burdens and new regulations on companies that could increase the penalties they can impose for breaches of the regulatory framework.

In certain municipalities, regulations have been adopted requiring us to upgrade and/or modify our cable television systems. We will seek to continue to upgrade our existing cable systems, including any network upgrades or modifications required by regulatory or local authorities if we have sufficient cash flow and financing is available at commercially attractive rates. Although currently applicable local ordinances provide that certain penalties may be imposed, including the suspension of the right to use the air space, municipalities have generally not imposed penalties on non-compliant cable systems operators. As of the date of this Annual Report, no fines have been imposed to us in relation to this matter.

The Auction Terms and Conditions approved by Resolution SC No. 38/14 established strict coverage and network deployment commitments that will require significant capital expenditures from Telecom. Additionally, many municipal governments have issued regulations that, in our view, exceed their authority, which frequently limit, hinder or restrict the installation of the infrastructure required to comply with such commitments. Therefore, such legislation negatively impacts the obligations that we and our competitors assumed in the mobile telephony business pursuant to the requirements set out in the Regulation for the Quality of Telecommunications Services.

We may also be subject to additional and unexpected governmental regulations in the future. For more information on the regulatory framework, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Regulatory Authorities and Framework”

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We face substantial and increasing competition in the Argentine fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses.

The fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses in Argentina are competitive. Our competitors may consummate transactions that result in a further consolidation and convergence. Therefore, we may lose a portion of our market share which may create additional risks and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. See “—We may become subject to burdensome government regulations, ordinances and laws affecting the services we offer which could adversely affect our operations”.

We compete with other cable television operators that have built networks in the areas in which we operate, providers of other pay television services, including direct broadcasting, direct-to-home satellite and multi-channel multi-point distribution system services, licensed suppliers of basic telephone services and cooperative entities providing utility services and also with free broadcasting services which are currently available to the Argentine population in certain areas from four privately-owned television networks (including one owned by Grupo Clarín) and their local affiliates and one state-owned national public television network. We expect competition to increase in the future due to a number of factors, including the development of new technologies.

In relation to mobile services, we anticipate that we will have to devote significant resources to the refurbishment and maintenance of our existing network infrastructure to comply with regulatory obligations and to remain competitive with respect to the quality of our services. In addition, we must comply with the obligations arising from the acquisition of the 4G spectrum. We also expect to continue to devote resources to customer retention and loyalty in such services.

Technological innovation relating to fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet transmission increases the level of competition that we face and requires us to make frequent investments to develop new and innovative programming services and products to attract and retain fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet customers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to make the investments necessary to remain competitive, or that we will be able to attract new and retain our current customers. A substantial loss of customers to competitors would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Additionally, our ability to successfully invest in, and implement, new technologies, coverage and our wireless network may be impaired if we fail to obtain certain municipal authorizations, as well as by an adverse macroeconomic condition in Argentina. If we are not successful in making such investments, the growth of our business and quality of our services would be adversely affected. Further, if we are unable to make these capital expenditures, or if our competitors are able to invest in their businesses to a greater degree and/or faster than we are, our competitive position will be adversely impacted.

We also face competition from other cable television and Internet service providers. Certain competitors of the cable television and Internet business have well-established name recognition, larger customer bases, and significant financial, technical and marketing resources. This may allow them to devote significant resources to the development and promotion of their business. These competitors may also engage in more extensive research and development, adopt more aggressive pricing policies and make more attractive offers to advertisers. Competitors may develop products and services that are equal or superior to our offers or that achieve greater market acceptance. As a result, competition may have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Moreover, the products and services that we offer may fail to generate revenues or attract and retain customers. If our competitors present similar or better responsiveness, functionality, services, speed, plans or features, our customer base and our revenues may be materially affected.

Competitiveness is and will continue to be affected by the business strategies and alliances deployed by our competitors. We may face additional pressure on the prices that we charge for our services or experience a loss of market share in the services we provide. In addition, the general business and economic climate in Argentina may affect us and our competitors differently; thus our ability to compete in the market could be adversely affected.

Additionally, if in the future licensees of ICT services are allowed to register and provide subscription broadcasting service by satellite link, it will ease the entry of new competitors into the market. As a result, we may face additional pressure with respect to prices we charge for our services or experience a loss of participation in the subscription broadcasting market.

Given the range of regulatory, business and economic uncertainties we face, it is difficult to predict with precision and accuracy our future market share in relevant geographic areas and customer segments, or to anticipate a decrease in demand for the products we offer that could result in a reduction of our revenues and market share, or the speed with which such change in our market share or prevailing prices for services may occur or the effects of competition. Those effects could be material and adverse to our overall financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Our revenues are cyclical and depend upon the condition of the Argentine economy.

Revenues generated by our fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet operations have proven cyclical and depend on general economic conditions. In the past, a general economic downturn in Argentina has had, and would be expected to have in the future, a negative effect on our revenues and a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Historically, for example, increases in losses of cable television subscribers have corresponded with general economic downturns and regional and local economic recessions. In particular, the 2001-2002 Argentine economic crisis had a material adverse effect on our revenues.

The regulation of rates may adversely affect Telecom Argentina’s revenues.

The LAD established that licensees of ICT services may freely set their prices which shall be fair and reasonable, to offset the costs of exploitation and to tend to the efficient supply and reasonable margin of operation.

However, on August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/20 amending the LAD. Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services (which includes fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television and Internet) as well as access to telecommunications networks for and between licensees as “Essential and Strategic Competition Public Services”, and empowered ENACOM to ensure accessibility. Decree No. 690/20 further established that (i) the prices of the Essential and Strategic Competition Public ICT Services, (ii) the prices of those services provided in accordance with the Universal Service, and (iii) the prices of those services determined by ENACOM for public interest reasons, shall be regulated by ENACOM. Moreover, Decree No. 690/20 established that ENACOM is the agency responsible for the enactment of any regulation related to the ICT’s PBU, and also suspended any price increases or changes set or announced by the ICT’s licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Decree No. 690/20 has been ratified by the Argentine Congress under Law No. 26,122 and has been regulated through ENACOM Resolutions Nos. 1,466/20 and 1,467/20.

Resolution No. 1,466/20, among others, allows ICT licensees providing Internet access services, subscription broadcasting services through physical, radio-electric or satellite link, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services to increase retail prices for services up to 5% during January 2021. In order to establish the percentages approved, licensees must consider the prices effective as of July 31, 2020 as the price of reference. Such Resolution also provides that ICT Services Licensees may request a higher increase, on an exceptional basis in accordance with the provisions of Section 48 of the LAD.

Resolution No. 1,467/20 regulated the PBU provided by Decree No. 690/20 for the different services provided by ICT licensees, establishing the price and the characteristics of each service plan. The Resolution also defines the beneficiaries of this PBU, among other matters.

The Company has initiated legal proceedings before the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters challenging the constitutionality of Decree No. 690/20 and the aforementioned ENACOM Resolutions and requesting a preliminary injunction that would suspend its application. The preliminary injunction was denied on January 29, 2021 and the Company appealed the court’s decision. As of the date of this Annual Report, the resolution of the mentioned appeal is still pending. The Company is consulting with its legal advisors with respect to the further actions available to the Company to protect its rights.

On February 2, 2021, the Company was informed by the “Asociación Argentina de Televisión por Cable” (“ATVC”) that a preliminary injunction requested by a representative of the cable television industry of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina) was granted, ordering the suspension of Decree N° 690/20, of Decree N° 311/20 and of all measures adopted as a result of such decrees. The court also ordered the PEN and the ENACOM to abstain from issuing or pursuing any measure based on said decrees, until a final court decision be issued. ATVC also informed that, pursuant to the court’s indications, the regulatory authority should refrain from issuing regulations related to Decree No. 690/20 or enforcing the regulations previously issued. The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, has made administrative and judicial filings supporting ATVC´s interpretation that such injunction is protective of all the participants in the industry.

On January 27, 2021, the Company was served with notice of a preliminary injunction granted by the Civil and Commercial Court No. 10 of Mar del Plata obtained by Asociación Civil de Usuarios Bancarios Argentinos (“ACUBA”)” in the aforementioned case, which ordered the Company to roll back the tariffs of broadcasting services subscriptions, Internet access services, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services to those of December 2020, which could only be increased up to 5% as authorized by ENACOM, and maintain such tariffs until any modification is resolved. Telecom challenged the preliminary injunction for lack of jurisdiction, and requested that the resolution granting the preliminary injunction be declared nulled. Telecom further requested that the preliminary injunction be lifted. A decision from the court remains pending as of the date of this Annual Report. The Company argued that a preliminary injunction obtained by a representative of the industry of the Province of Córdoba from the federal courts of the province expressly suspended the application of Decree No. 690/20, Decree No. 311/20 and prohibited ENACOM from issuing any subsequent resolutions.

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If the ENACOM imposes further restrictions on our prices, our operating margins may be adversely affected. Our ability to comply with the conditions in our license, as well as the relevant provisions in applicable regulations and laws, may be affected by events or circumstances outside of our control, and therefore we cannot predict whether such events or circumstances result in an adverse effect on our financial condition, our operations and cash flows. The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the actions that may be necessary in order to protect its rights. See “Item 4 —Regulatory Authorities and Framework— Amendment to Law No. 27,078 – Argentine Digital Law”.

Technological advances and replacement of our equipment may require us to make significant expenditures to maintain and improve the competitiveness of the services we offer.

Our industries are subject to significant changes in technology and the introduction of new products and services. We cannot predict the effect of technological changes on our business. New services and technological advances related to the telecommunications, cable television and Internet industries are likely to offer additional opportunities to compete against us on the basis of cost, quality or functionality. It may not be practicable or cost-effective for us to replace or upgrade our installed technologies in response to our competitors’ actions. Responding to such change may require us to devote substantial capital to the development, procurement or implementation of new technologies, and may depend on the final cost in local currency of imported technology and our ability to obtain additional financing. No assurance can be given that we will have the funds to make the capital expenditures to improve our systems, compete with others in the market or replace equipment used in connection with our businesses.

Moreover, Internet, cable television and mobile telephony services, which we expect to account for an increasing percentage of our revenues in the future, are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer preferences and the frequent introduction of new services and products. To remain competitive, we must invest in network, constantly upgrade our access technology and software for the internet service market, improve the commercial offers and the user experience and continue to enhance our mobile networks by expanding our network. See “Item 4 —Information on the Company—The Business”. Future technological developments may result in decreased customer demand for certain of our services or even render them obsolete. In addition, as new technologies develop, equipment may need to be replaced or upgraded or network facilities (in particular, mobile and Internet network facilities) may need to be rebuilt in whole or in part, at substantial cost, to remain competitive. These enhancements and the implementation of new technologies will continue requiring increased capital expenditures.

The media industry is a dynamic and evolving industry, and if it does not develop and expand as we currently expect, our results and operations relating to our cable television and Internet businesses may suffer.

We expect to derive an increasing amount of revenues from our activities in the cable television and Internet industries, but we may not do so if these non-traditional media operations do not develop and expand as we currently expect. The role of cable television in Argentina became increasingly important in the past. More recently, non-traditional technologies, including “Over-The-Top” services (which are services provided by a telecommunications provider through Internet Protocol (“IP”) networks not necessarily owned by the provider, including communications, content and cloud-based offerings), such as technologies used by Netflix or other IP operators, have come to play a larger role in the Argentine telecommunications industry. These companies take advantage of the deregulation of the sector to bring their services through third-party networks without paying any fee or right to use it. These technology and new services areas are in the early stages of development, and growth may be inhibited for a number of reasons, including:

Our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected if these markets do not continue to grow or grow more slowly than we anticipate.

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In addition, unlike the Argentine cable television industry, which has traditionally been dominated by companies located in Argentina, competitors in the other services we provide may be based outside of Argentina and enjoy certain competitive advantages such as scale and access to financial resources on terms that are better than those available to us.

We purchase basic and premium programming from approximately 52 programming suppliers. Several programming suppliers agreed to offer volume discount pricing structures because of the growth and market share shown by our cable television operations. Participants in the cable television industry negotiate the terms of a majority of the respective programming contracts that had originally been denominated in U.S. dollars to provide for Peso-denominated pricing formulas generally linked to the number of subscribers and without minimum purchase requirements. As a consequence, contract terms are generally shortened and pricing provisions are adjusted in order to transfer the benefit of increases in the monthly fee for basic cable television services to the programming companies. The new contracts also provide for automatic termination upon the occurrence of major macroeconomic disruptions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to regularly negotiate renewals of our programming contracts at current cost levels, particularly since many of our suppliers have U.S. dollar-based costs. Additionally, suppliers are expected to seek price increases as a reflection of economic conditions in Argentina. There can similarly be no assurances that we will be able to obtain volume discounts in the future.

We may not be able to renew some leases of the facilities for the installation of our fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet systems.

Our fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television services and Internet services are distributed through networks installed in facilities leased from third parties, either through the lease of space on roofs or on utility poles. We regularly renegotiate the renewal of short-term lease contracts for the use of poles in different areas of the country in the ordinary course of our business. If we are not able to renew some of those lease contracts, our operations in such areas may be suspended if alternative third-party facilities are not promptly obtained on a cost-efficient basis. Underground distribution of our wire network would require additional governmental authorizations and significant capital expenditures that we may not be able to afford or that we may be restricted from making pursuant to the terms and conditions of our indebtedness and our existing covenants. There can be no assurance that such renewals of lease contracts will be granted.

Our revenues may be adversely affected by an increase in churn rates, with respect to mobile telephony, cable television and Internet services, or reductions in fixed telephony lines in service, with respect to fixed telephony services.

Our revenues depend significantly on our ability to retain customers by limiting churn rates, with respect to mobile telephony, cable television and Internet services, or net reductions in fixed telephony lines in service, with respect to fixed telephony services. Any substantial increase in churn rates, with respect to mobile telephony, cable television and Internet services, or reductions in lines in service, with respect to fixed telephony services, may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations. For further information about churn rates see “Item 4—Management of Churn” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Consolidated Results of Operations—(A.1) 2020 Compared to 2019”.

Our revenues relating to our cable television services are subject to uncertainty due to, and may be adversely affected by, the formula set forth in Resolution No. 50/10 to estimate monthly fees paid by cable television subscribers.

SCI Resolution No. 50/10 approved certain rules governing pay television services. These rules provide that cable television operators must apply a formula to calculate their monthly subscription prices. The price arising from the application of the formula was to be informed to the Office of Business Loyalty (“Dirección de Lealtad Comercial”), requiring cable television operators to adjust such amount semi-annually and inform the result of such adjustment to that Office. The Company challenged Resolution No. 50/10 and requested the suspension of its effects and its nullity.

A decision issued on August 1, 2011 in re “LA CAPITAL CABLE S.A. v. Ministerio de Economía-Secretaría de Comercio Interior de la Nación”, by the Federal Court of Appeals of the City of Mar del Plata ordered the SCI to suspend the application of Resolution No. 50/10 with respect to all cable television licensees represented by ATVC, including us. The injunction was notified to the SCI and the Ministry of Economy on September 12, 2011 and became fully effective. The PEN filed an appeal against the decision issued by the Court of Appeals of Mar del Plata. Such appeal was dismissed, for which the PEN filed a direct appeal to the Supreme Court, which was also dismissed.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, between March 2011 and October 2014 certain resolutions were adopted based on Resolution No. 50/10 regulating the prices that Cablevision should charge for such months to its customers. These resolutions were challenged and suspended as a result of the aforementioned injunction. However, each Resolution had a valid period of three to six months, with the last one expiring in October 2014.

In September 2014, a decision was rendered in a case brought by the Municipality of Berazategui against Cablevisión ordering the submission of all cases relating to these resolutions to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of Mar del Plata, which had issued the decision on the class action in favor of ATVC.

In April 2019, La Capital Cable S.A. was served with notice of the resolution issued by the Federal Court of First Instance No. 2 of Mar del Plata declaring the unconstitutionality of certain sections of a law on which the SCI had found the legal basis for the issuance of Resolution No. 50/10 and the successive resolutions. The declaration of unconstitutionality implied that these resolutions are not applicable to the companies grouped by ATVC, including Telecom. However, the PEN filed an appeal against that resolution.

On December 26, 2019, the Federal Court of Appeals of Mar del Plata rejected the grievances of the Argentine government and confirmed the decision rendered by the Court of Mar del Plata which declared the unconstitutionality of the sections of the law on which the SCI issued Resolution No. 50/10 and the subsequent resolutions were based. The National Government filed an extraordinary appeal, which was granted on March 1, 2021.

The Company’s Management, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the potential impact related to this new appeal and considers that it has strong arguments for its defense. However, an adverse outcome in the above mentioned cases, which we cannot exclude, would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Actual or perceived health risks or other problems relating to mobile handsets or transmission masts could lead to litigation or decreased mobile communications usage.

The effects of, and any damage caused by, exposure to an electromagnetic field were and are the subject of careful evaluations by the international scientific community, but until now there is no scientific evidence of harmful effects on health. We cannot rule out that exposure to electromagnetic fields or other emissions originating from wireless handsets will not be identified as a health risk in the future.

Telecom complies with the international security standards established by the World Health Organization and Argentine regulations -which are similar and mandatory for all Argentine mobile operators. Our mobile business may be harmed as a result of any future alleged health risk. For example, the perception of these health risks could result in a lower number of customers, reduced usage per customer or potential consumer liability, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations and financial condition could be affected by future union negotiations, Argentine labor regulations and governmental measures requiring private companies to increase salaries or otherwise provide workers with additional benefits.

In Argentina, labor organizations have substantial support and considerable political influence. In recent years, the demands of our labor organizations have increased mainly as a result of the increase in the cost of living, which was affected by increased inflation, higher tax pressure over salaries and the consequent decline in the population’s purchasing power.

In addition, in the absence of a union agreement concerning convergent services, if we are unable to reach an agreement with the unions on work conditions, or in case of a lack of recognition among union associations, we may be adversely affected by individual labor claims, class actions, higher union contributions expenses, impacts to our operations, impairment of services due to inefficient processes, union conflicts, direct action measures and social impacts which may also affect the quality and continuity of our services to our customers and our reputation.

Certain labor and telecommunication unions have initiated claims against the Company alleging non-compliance of certain conditions provided for in the collective bargaining agreements that could allow them to negotiate the inclusion of some suppliers’ employees in their collective bargaining agreements. See Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. If labor organization claims continue or are sustained, this could result in increased costs, greater conflict in the negotiation process and strikes (including general strikes and strikes by the Company’s employees and the contractors and subcontractors’ employees) that may adversely affect our operations. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees and Labor Relations”.

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Moreover, the Argentine government has enacted laws and regulations requiring private sector companies to maintain certain salary levels and provide their employees with additional benefits. On December 13, 2019, the current administration declared a labor emergency for a 180-day term. In this context, the Argentine government doubled the amount of the statutory severance payments payable to employees hired before December 13, 2019 and dismissed between December 13 2019 and June 13, 2020. The layoff prohibition was extended pursuant to Decree No. 528/20 and Decree No. 961/20.Decree No. 39/21, currently in effect until April 27, 2021, extended the prohibition of dismissals without just cause or based on lack or reduction of work and force majeure, as well as the prohibitions to suspensions for economic reasons, except for suspensions made under the terms of Section 223 bis of the Labor Contract Law (agreements between employers and employees later approved by the Ministry of Labor, made either individually or collectively with the purpose of suspending employment for lack or reduction of work due to no fault from the employer), which are not affected by the prohibition.

Likewise, Decree No. 39/21 extended the occupational emergency until December 31, 2021 in cases of dismissals without just cause, and granted the right of the affected worker to receive a double severance payment, which may not exceed P$500,000.

However, under the provisions of Section 5 of Decrees No. 624/20, 761/20 and 891/20, contracts entered into after the entry into force of Decree No. 34/19, are not affected by the aforementioned provisions.

The Argentine government may adopt new measures that determine salary increases or additional benefits for workers, and workers and their unions may pressure employers to comply with such measures. Any salary increase or additional benefit could result in an increase in costs and a decrease in the results of the operations of Argentine companies, including those of Telecom. Further, future extensions of the prohibition of layoffs and dismissals due to force majeure or lack of or decreased work or the duplication of the statutory severance payments to dismissed employees may affect the efficiency of our employees and therefore our costs and results of operations.

We are or may be involved in legal and regulatory proceedings that could result in unfavorable decisions and financial penalties for us.

We are party to a number of legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which have been pending for several years. We cannot be certain that these claims will be resolved in our favor. Responding to the demands of litigation claims and responding to, or initiating proceedings against, regulatory bodies may divert management’s time attention and financial resources.

For example, Argentine law incentivizes individuals to pursue employment-related litigation and certain judicial rulings have created a negative precedent in these matters and could increase our labor costs. The Company is also exposed to employment-related claims of employees of suppliers, contractors and commercial agents claiming direct or indirect responsibility of Telecom based on a broad interpretation of the rules of labor law.

Further, customers and consumers’ trade unions have in the past initiated different claims against us regarding supposed improperly billed charges. See Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Although we have taken certain actions to reduce risks in connection with these claims, we cannot assure that new claims will not be filed against us in the future.

The Company has in the past been subject to technical sanctions from regulatory bodies, mainly related to the delay in repairing defective lines, installing new lines and/or service failures. Although sanctions are appealed in the administrative stage, if the appeals are not resolved in our favor in administrative or judicial stage or if they are resolved for amounts larger than those recorded, these proceedings could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of our operations and cash flows.

As of December 31, 2020, we recorded provisions that we estimate are sufficient to cover contingencies considered probable. However, we may face increased risk of employment, commercial, regulatory, tax, consumer trade union and customers’ proceedings, among others. If this occurs, we cannot guarantee that those proceedings will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The enforcement of the Law for the Promotion of Registered Labor and Prevention of Labor Fraud may have a material adverse effect on us.

The Law for the Promotion of Registered Labor and Prevention of Labor Fraud (Ley de Promoción del Trabajo Registrado y Prevención del Fraude Laboral), among other things, establishes a Public Record of Employers subject to Labor Sanctions (“Repsal”) and defines a series of labor and social security infringements as a result of which an employer shall be included in the Repsal.

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The employers included in the Repsal are subject to sanctions, such as: the inability to access public programs, benefits, subsidies or credit from state-owned banks, the inability to enter into contracts and licenses of property owned by the Argentine government, or the inability to participate in the awarding of concessions of public services and licenses. Employers that commit the same infringement for which they were added to the Repsal within a 3-year period after the final first decision imposing sanctions cannot deduct from the Income Tax the expenses related to their employees while such employer continues to be included in the Repsal. This new regulation applies to both Telecom and its contractors and subcontractors, whose employees could initiate claims to Telecom for direct or indirect responsibility.

As of the date of this Annual Report, Telecom has no sanctions registered in the Repsal. However, if sanctions are applied in the future they could have a significant impact on Telecom’s financial position, result of operations and cash flows.

A cyberattack, could adversely affect our business, balance sheet, results of operations and cash flow.

In general, information security risks have increased in recent years as a result of the proliferation of new and more sophisticated technologies and also due to cyberattack activities. As part of our development and initiatives, more equipment and systems have been connected to the Internet. We also rely on digital technology including information systems to process financial and operational information. Due to the nature of our business and the greater accessibility allowed through the Internet connection, we could face an increased risk of cyberattacks. In the event of a cyberattack, we could experience an interruption of our commercial operations, material damage and loss of customer information; a substantial loss of income, suffering response costs and other economic losses; and it could subject us to more regulation and litigation, affecting our reputation. As a result, a cyberattack could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Also, during 2020, the new working methodology and the exponential growth of the digital collection channels resulting from the COVID-19 isolation, required the implementation of several measures in order to grant security in virtual operations, which were all implemented successfully. Although Telecom has adopted, and continues to adopt, all required measures to ensure the proper functioning of its operating systems, as well as to ensure our customers’ information, no assurance can be given that we will not be subject to any cyberattacks that could adversely affect our business and result of operations.

As of the date of this Annual Report, our insurance policy does not cover damages caused by cyberattacks and other similar events.

Operational risks could adversely affect our reputation and our profitability.

Telecom faces operational risks inherent from its business, including those resulting from inadequate internal processes; fraud; employee errors or misconduct; failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations; failure to document transactions properly; systems failures (including our systems, the implementation of corporate systems as identified in “Item 4—Information Technology strategy” and cloud services); errors or failures not foreseen in the foundational projects that the Company is carrying out for updating its core systems; inadequate maintenance of posts or its electrification by proximity to the electric network; inadequate environmental management including reverse logistics of goods and materials in disuse that could become hazardous waste; incomplete or inadequate municipal authorizations and permissions resulting from changes in operations or changes in regulations; failure to preserve the secrecy and content of telecommunications required by law; weaknesses in datacenters’ energy scheme; the loss or improper use of confidential information, excessive dependence on certain providers with which a large number of operations are concentrated due to the exclusivity of the technology or service they provide, economic convenience or for strategic reasons; among others. Moreover, certain assets of the Company could be damaged by acts of vandalism or theft of components or by works of third parties on public thoroughfare that damage infrastructure that do not have a second safety path to provide the service. These events could result in direct or indirect losses, inaccurate information for decision making, adverse legal and regulatory proceedings, technical failures in the Company’s ability to provide its services, damages to third parties, and harm our reputation and operational effectiveness, among others.

Telecom maintains insurance policies to cover its main assets, particularly its properties. If economic and financial conditions in Argentina were to deteriorate (i.e. devaluation, inflation, etc.), the insurance coverage may not be representative of the market value of the properties which could result in losses for the Company.

Telecom’s suppliers of goods and services are contractually obliged to comply with laws and regulations (including tax, labor, social security, anti-corruption, money laundering standards, etc.). Additionally, our suppliers shall comply with a set of conduct standards, such as the Code of Ethics and Conduct, established by Telecom, and must require similar compliance by their employees and subcontractors. Despite these legal safeguards and monitoring efforts made by Telecom in relation to its suppliers, we cannot assure you that they will comply with all applicable regulations. As a result, Telecom could be adversely affected despite our contractual rights to claim for compensations for damages that they could cause to us.

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Telecom has risk management practices at the highest levels including a Risk Management Committee designed to detect, manage and monitor the evolution of risks. However, the Company can give no assurances that these measures will be successful for effectively mitigating the operational risks that Telecom faces and such failures could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations and could harm its reputation.

Any failure by a strategic supplier to comply with its legal and contractual obligations could adversely affect our operations and any action or restriction by a foreign government against a strategic supplier could adversely affect our reputation.

We rely on strategic suppliers of equipment and materials to provide us with equipment and materials that we need in order to expand and to operate our business. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with these suppliers, including restrictions of production capacity for equipment and materials, availability of equipment and materials, delays in delivery of equipment, materials or services, and price increases. If these suppliers or vendors fail to provide equipment, materials or services to us on a timely basis or otherwise in compliance with the terms of our contracts with these suppliers, we could experience disruptions or declines in the quality of our services, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations.

Telecom’s suppliers of goods and services are contractually obliged to comply with applicable laws and regulations (including tax, labor, social security, anti-corruption, money laundering standards, etc.). Despite these legal safeguards, as well as monitoring efforts by Telecom, we cannot ensure that our suppliers will comply with all applicable standards. As a result, our financial condition and reputation could be adversely affected.

The U.S. Congress and certain regulatory agencies have raised concerns about American companies purchasing equipment and software from Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei, one of our strategic suppliers, including concerns relating to alleged violations of intellectual property rights and potential security risks. The U.S. Government is likewise urging other countries to avoid the operations of Chinese companies in their territory, citing concerns regarding potential use of the equipment for espionage. Our reputation could be adversely affected if such actions or restrictions were imposed on Huawei or if the equipment and materials we purchase from Huawei is thought to pose a security risk for our network.

We cannot predict whether additional restrictions targeting Huawei, including restrictions that would prevent us from acquiring supplies from Huawei in the future, will be adopted directly or the impact that such restrictions might have on our operations.

We and/or our administrators are subject to environmental and safety regulations whose non-compliance could result in increased costs and/or penalties for our administrators.

Some of the goods and facilities used in our operation are subject to federal, state and municipal environmental and safety regulations. If such rules are not adequately complied, they could result in fines, potential delays or inability to obtain authorization for our facilities and operations which could have an adverse effect in our business, but also could result in penalties for the Company’s administrators. In addition, according with global trends, new and stricter standards may be issued, or authorities may enforce or construe existing laws and regulations in a more restrictive manner, which may force us to make expenditures or incur increased costs to comply with such new rules.

Restrictive covenants in Telecom’s outstanding indebtedness may restrict its ability to pursue its business strategies.

Telecom has outstanding financial debt that contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on it and may limit Telecom’s ability to engage in acts that may be in its long-term best interests. These agreements governing its indebtedness include covenants restricting, among other things, Telecom’s ability to:

A breach of any covenant contained in the indentures governing Telecom’s notes or the agreements governing any of its other indebtedness could result in a default under those agreements. If any such default occurs, the holders of such indebtedness may elect (after the expiration of any applicable notice or grace periods) to declare all outstanding amounts, together with accrued and unpaid interest and other amounts payable thereunder, to be immediately due and payable. If any of Telecom’s debt, including its notes, were to be accelerated, its assets may not be sufficient to repay in full that debt or any other debt that may become due as a result of that acceleration.

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We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices or the method in which LIBOR is determined or fluctuations in interest rates.

As of December 31, 2020, P$83,065 million of our outstanding debt was indexed to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”).

In 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) announced its intention to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, has proposed replacing USD-LIBOR with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, and it is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR, whether LIBO rates will cease to be published or supported before or after 2021 or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. It is also not possible to predict the further effect of the rules of the FCA, any changes in the methods by which LIBOR is determined, or any other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United Kingdom, the European Union or elsewhere. Any such developments may cause LIBOR to perform differently than in the past or cease to exist. In addition, any other legal or regulatory changes made by the FCA, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the European Money Markets Institute (formerly Euribor-EBF), the European Commission or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method by which LIBOR is determined or the transition from LIBOR to a successor benchmark may result in, among other things, a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in LIBOR, a delay in the publication of LIBOR, and changes in the rules or methodologies in LIBOR, which may discourage market participants from continuing to administer or to participate in LIBOR’s determination, and, in certain situations, could result in LIBOR no longer being determined and published. If a published U.S. dollar LIBOR is unavailable after 2021, the interest rates on our debt which is indexed to LIBOR will be determined using various alternative methods, any of which may result in interest obligations which are more than or do not otherwise correlate over time with the payments that would have been made on such debt if U.S. dollar LIBOR was available in its current form. Further, the same costs and risks that may lead to the discontinuation or unavailability of U.S. dollar LIBOR may make one or more of the alternative methods impossible or impracticable to determine. Any of these proposals or consequences could have a material adverse effect on our financing costs, and as a result, our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Additionally, we are exposed to the fluctuations of the interest rates applicable to our indebtedness indexed to variable interest rates. We may also incur additional variable-rate debt in the future. Increases in interest rates on variable-rate debt would increase the Company’s interest expense, which would negatively affect our financial costs.

We may be unable to refinance our outstanding indebtedness, or the refinancing terms may be materially less favorable than their current terms, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In 2020, the Company refinanced its outstanding financial debt maturing in 2021. For more information see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources —Financial Debt Developments during 2020”.

However, there is no assurance that we will be able to extend the maturity or otherwise refinance our outstanding indebtedness, or that we may be required to agree to refinancing terms that may be materially less favorable than the terms of our current loans and notes. Any amendment to or refinancing of our indebtedness could result in higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more burdensome restrictive covenants, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, ability to meet our payment obligations, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we are unable to refinance our debt in favorable terms, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures or research and development expenditures, seek additional equity capital, restructure our debt, curtail or eliminate our cash dividend to stockholders, or sell assets. Non-payment of our obligations or any other default under any of our debt instruments could, in turn, result in a default and acceleration of our other outstanding debt obligations, which would have a further material adverse effect on our business, ability to meet our payment obligations, financial condition, and results of operations. See “—Devaluation of the Argentine Peso and foreign exchange controls may adversely affect our results of operations, our capital expenditures and our ability to service our liabilities and pay divide” and Notes 13 and 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and/or the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange (by delegated authority of BYMA) may suspend trading and/or delist Telecom’s ADSs and Class B common shares, respectively, upon occurrence of certain events relating to Telecom’s financial situation.

The NYSE and/or the BYMA may suspend and/or cancel the listing of Telecom’s ADSs and Class B common shares, respectively, in certain circumstances, including upon the occurrence of certain events relating to Telecom’s financial situation. For example, the NYSE may decide such suspension or cancellation if Telecom’s equity becomes negative.

The NYSE may in its sole discretion determine on an individual basis the suitability for continued listing of an issuer in the light of all pertinent facts. Some of the factors mentioned in the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which may subject a company to suspension and delisting procedures, include: “unsatisfactory financial conditions and/or operating results,” “inability to meet current debt obligations or to adequately finance operations,” and “any other event or condition which may exist or occur that makes further dealings or listing of the securities on the NYSE inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of NYSE”.

We cannot assure you that the NYSE and/or BYMA will not commence any suspension or delisting procedures in light of Telecom’s financial situation, including if Telecom’s equity becomes negative. A delisting or suspension of trading of Telecom’s ADSs or Class B common shares by the NYSE and/or BYMA, respectively, could adversely affect Telecom’s results of operations and financial conditions and cause the market value of Telecom’s ADSs and Class B common shares to decline.

Under Argentine corporate law, shareholder rights may be fewer or less well defined than in other jurisdictions.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our bylaws and by Argentine corporate law, which differ from the corporate regulatory framework that would apply if we were incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States (such as Delaware or New York), or in other jurisdictions outside Argentina. Thus, your rights under Argentine corporate law to protect shareholders’ interests relating to actions by our Board of Directors may be fewer and less well defined than under the laws of those other jurisdictions. Although insider trading and price manipulation are illegal under Argentine law, the Argentine securities markets may not be as highly regulated or supervised as the U.S. securities markets or markets in some of the other jurisdictions. In addition, rules and policies against self-dealing and regarding the preservation of shareholder interests may be less well defined and enforced in Argentina than in the United States, or other jurisdictions outside Argentina, putting holders of our Shares and ADSs at a potential disadvantage.

Changes in Argentine tax laws may adversely affect the tax treatment of our Shares and/or the ADSs.

In September 2013, the Argentine income tax law was amended by the passage of Law No. 26,893 (the “Argentine Income Tax Law”). The Argentine Income Tax Law establishes that the sale, exchange or other transfer of shares and other securities is subject to a capital gain tax at a rate of 15% for Argentine resident individuals and foreign beneficiaries.

Until the enactment of Law No. 27,430, in force since fiscal year 2018, there was an exemption for Argentine resident individuals if certain requirements were met. However, there was no such exemption for non-Argentine residents. For transactions made until December 31, 2017, many aspects of the Argentine Income Tax Law as they apply to the holding and sale of ADSs still remain unclear and they were subject to further regulation and interpretation which may adversely affect the tax treatment of our Shares underlying ADSs and/or ADSs. The income tax treatment of income derived from the sale of ADSs or exchanges of shares from the ADS facility may not be uniform under the revised Argentine Income Tax Law. The possibly varying treatment of the source of income could impact both Argentine resident holders as well as non-Argentine resident holders.

Law No. 27,430 requires the capital gains tax to be paid for transactions carried out between September 2013 (when taxation on the sale of shares for nonresidents was introduced) and the effective date of the tax reform, providing that no tax, however, will be due for stock exchange transactions as long as the tax has not yet been paid due to the lack of regulations for the withholding or collection by the stock exchange agents or intermediaries.

Consequently, holders of our Class B Shares, including in the form of ADSs, are encouraged to consult their tax advisors as to the particular Argentine income tax consequences of owning our Shares or the ADSs.

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Our shareholders may be subject to liability under Argentine law for certain votes of their securities.

Under Argentine law, a shareholder’s liability for losses of a company is limited to the value of his or her shareholdings in the company. However, shareholders who have a conflict of interest with us and who do not abstain from voting at the respective shareholders’ meeting may be liable for damages to us, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without such shareholders’ votes. Furthermore, shareholders who willfully or negligently vote in favor of a resolution that is subsequently declared void by a court as contrary to the law or our bylaws may be held jointly and severally liable for damages to us or to other third parties, including other shareholders.

The price of our Class B Shares and the ADSs may fluctuate substantially, and your investment may decline in value.

The trading price of our Class B Shares is likely to be highly volatile and may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors, many of which are beyond our control. The market price of our ADSs declined by 42% and 58% in 2020 and 2019, respectively. This decrease in value has been largely attributed to Argentina’s most recent macroeconomic crisis and the impact of COVID 19. Other factors include:

The stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the companies involved. We cannot assure you that trading prices and valuations will be sustained. These broad market and industry factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our Shares and the ADSs, regardless of our operating performance. Market fluctuations, as well as general political and economic conditions in the markets in which we operate, such as recession or currency exchange rate fluctuations, may also adversely affect the market price of our Shares and the ADSs. In particular, currency fluctuations could impact the value of an investment in Telecom Argentina. Although Telecom Argentina’s ADSs listed on the New York Stock Exchange are U.S. dollar-denominated securities, they do not eliminate the currency risk associated with an investment in an Argentine company.

Future sales of substantial amounts of Telecom Argentina Class B Shares and ADSs, or the perception that such future sales may occur, may depress the price of Telecom Argentina Class B Shares and ADSs.

Following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, that company may often be subject to securities class-action litigation. This kind of litigation may result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds of any sale of the Class B Shares underlying the ADSs.

On September 1, 2019, the Argentine government issued Executive Decree No. 609/19 (as amended) which, inter alia, reinstated certain foreign currency exchange restrictions, most of which had been progressively repealed as from 2015. Decree No. 609/19 was further regulated, amended and complemented by several regulations issued by the BCRA (included, but not limited to, Communication “A” 6844, as further amended, supplemented and restated). Since then, the Argentine government implemented monetary and foreign exchange control measures that included restrictions on the transfer of funds abroad, including dividends, without prior approval by the BCRA or fulfillment of certain requirements.

In line with the restrictions that were in place in the past, the BCRA issued new regulations setting forth certain limitations on the flow of foreign currency into and from the Argentine foreign exchange market, aimed both at generating economic stability and supporting the country’s economic recovery.

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On April 30, 2020, the BCRA issued Communication “A” 7001 (as amended by Communication “A” 7030 and Communication “A” 7042 and as further amended and supplemented from time to time) Communication “A” 7001 setting forth certain limitations on the transfer of securities into and from Argentina. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7001 access to the Argentine foreign exchange market for the purchase or transfer of foreign currency abroad (for any purpose) shall be subject to BCRA’s prior approval, if the individual or entity seeking access to the Argentine foreign exchange market has sold securities which settled in foreign currency or transferred any such securities to foreign depositaries during the immediately preceding 90 calendar days. Further, Communication “A” 7001 sets forth that the individual or entity must undertake not to perform any such sale or transfer during the succeeding 90 days after such access. In these cases, the Depositary for the ADSs may hold ADS holders’ Argentine Pesos and may cannot convert them into foreign currency.

In addition, Communication “A” 7106 placed certain restrictions on foreign exchange transactions carried out by individuals, specifically with regards to payments with credit cards in foreign currency or with debit cards made abroad. Under Communication “A” 7106, it was also established that non-residents are not allowed to sell securities executed abroad in the local stock market in exchange for foreign currency.

We cannot predict how the current restrictions on foreign transfers of funds may change after the date hereof and whether they may impede our ability to fulfill our commitments in general and, in particular, our obligations underlying the ADSs. In addition, any future adoption by the Argentine government of restrictions to the movement of capital out of Argentina may affect the ability of our foreign shareholders and holders of ADSs to obtain the full value of their Class B Shares and ADSs, and may adversely affect the market value of the ADSs.

Trading of Telecom Argentina’s Class B Shares in the Argentine securities markets is limited and could experience further illiquidity and price volatility.

Argentine securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the U.S. In addition, Argentine securities markets may be materially affected by developments in other emerging markets, particularly other countries in Latin America. Our Class B Shares underlying ADSs are less actively traded than securities in more developed countries and, consequently, an ADS holder may have a limited ability to sell the Class B Shares underlying ADSs upon withdrawal from the ADSs facility in the amount and at the price and time that it may desire. This limited trading market may also increase the price volatility of the Class B Shares underlying the ADSs.

Holders of ADSs may be adversely affected by currency devaluations and foreign exchange fluctuations.

If the Peso exchange rate falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of the ADSs and any distributions made thereon from the depositary could be adversely affected. Cash distributions made in respect of the ADSs may be received by the depositary (represented by the custodian bank in Argentina) in Pesos, which will be converted into U.S. dollars and distributed by the depositary to the holders of the American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) evidencing those ADSs if in the judgment of the depositary such amounts may be converted on a reasonable basis into U.S. dollars and transferred to the United States on a reasonable basis, subject to such distribution being impermissible or impracticable with respect to certain ADR holders. In addition, the depositary will incur foreign currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of the ADRs) in connection with the foreign currency conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments with respect to the ADSs.

The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Argentine securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell the Class B Shares underlying the ADSs on the BYMA at the price and time desired by the shareholder.

Investing in securities that trade in emerging markets, such as Argentina, often involves greater risk than investing in securities of issuers in the United States, and such investments are generally considered to be more speculative in nature. The Argentine securities market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more concentrated and can be more volatile than major securities markets in the United States, and is not as highly regulated or supervised as some of these other markets. There is also significantly greater concentration in the Argentine securities market than in major securities markets in the United States. The ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented approximately 90% of the aggregate market capitalization of the BYMA as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, although shareholders are entitled to withdraw the Class B Shares underlying the ADSs from the depositary at any time, the ability to sell such shares on the BYMA at a price and time shareholders might want may be substantially limited.

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We are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations; in addition, investors may not be able to easily move shares for trading between such markets.

Trading in the Class B Shares underlying ADSs or ADSs in the United States and Argentina, respectively, will use different currencies (U.S. dollars on the NYSE and Pesos on the BYMA), and take place at different times (resulting from different trading platforms, different time zones, different trading days and different public holidays in the United States and Argentina). The trading prices of the Class B Shares underlying ADSs on these two markets may differ due to these and other factors. Any decrease in the price of the Class B Shares underlying ADSs on the BYMA could cause a decrease in the trading price of the ADSs on the NYSE. Investors could seek to sell or buy the Class B Shares underlying ADSs to take advantage of any price differences between the markets through a practice referred to as “arbitrage”. Any arbitrage activity could create unexpected volatility in both our share prices on one exchange, and the ADSs available for trading on the other exchange. In addition, holders of ADSs will not be immediately able to surrender their ADSs and withdraw the underlying Class B Shares for trading on the other market without effecting necessary procedures with the depositary. This could result in time delays and additional cost for holders of ADSs.

As a foreign private issuer, we will not be subject to U.S. proxy rules and will be exempt from filing certain reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, and we are generally exempt from filing quarterly reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

In addition, if a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, we will lose our foreign private issuer status and we will fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid such loss. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory for us. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher for us. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will have to present our financial statements under US GAAP and may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with corporate governance practices applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs. In addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers.

If we do not file or maintain a registration statement and no exemption from the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) registration is available, U.S. holders of ADSs may be unable to exercise preemptive rights granted to our holders of Class B Shares underlying ADSs.

Under the GCL, if we issue new shares as part of a capital increase, our shareholders may have the right to maintain their existing ownership percentage in the Company through the subscription of a proportional number of shares of the same class in case the capital increase is made in shares of all four of our classes of shares in their respective proportions, or through the subscription of a proportional number of the shares of the class being issued if the relative proportion among the four classes is not respected. Rights to subscribe for shares in these circumstances are known as preemptive rights. In addition, shareholders are entitled to the right to subscribe for the unsubscribed shares remaining at the end of a preemptive rights offering on a pro rata basis, known as accretion rights.

According to our Bylaws, in the case of a capital increase through the issuance of all four of our classes of common stock (Class A ordinary shares, Class B shares, Class C ordinary shares and Class D ordinary shares), accretion rights of the holders of each class shall be limited to the shares of the same class for which there has been no subscription. Also if, after accretion rights have been exercised within the Class B and Class C shares, there are any unsubscribed shares, such unsubscribed Class B or Class C shares may be subscribed by the shareholders of the rest of our classes of common stock, with no distinction, in proportion to the shares of common stock for which such shareholder has subscribed on such occasion.

Upon the occurrence of any future increase in our Class B Shares, U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act) holding our Class B Shares underlying ADSs or ADSs may be unable to exercise preemptive and accretion rights granted to our holders of Class B Shares underlying ADSs in connection with any future issuance of our Class B Shares underlying ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to both the preemptive rights and the new Class B Shares underlying ADSs, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available.

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We are not obligated to file or maintain a registration statement relating to any preemptive rights offerings with respect to Telecom Argentina’s Class B Shares underlying ADSs, and we cannot assure that we will file or maintain any such registration statement or that an exemption from registration will be available. Unless those Class B Shares underlying ADSs or ADSs are registered or an exemption from registration applies, a U.S. holder of Telecom Argentina’s Class B Shares underlying ADSs or ADSs may receive only the net proceeds from those preemptive rights and accretion rights if those rights can be assigned by the ADS depositary. If the rights cannot be sold, they will be allowed to lapse. Furthermore, the equity interest of holders of shares or ADSs located in the U.S. may be diluted proportionately upon future capital increases.

Our status as a foreign private issuer allows us to follow alternate standards to the corporate governance standards of the NYSE, which may limit the protections afforded to investors.

We are a “foreign private issuer” within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance standards. Under NYSE rules, a foreign private issuer may elect to comply with the practices of its home country and not comply with certain corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. companies with securities listed on the exchange. We currently follow certain Argentine practices concerning corporate governance and intend to continue to do so. For example, according to Argentine securities law, our audit committee, unlike the audit committee of a U.S. issuer, will only have an “advisory” and/or “supervisory” role, such as assisting our board of directors with the evaluation, the performance and independence of the external auditors and exercising the function of our internal control. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.

We are organized under the laws of Argentina and holders of the ADSs may find it difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us, our directors, officers and certain experts.

We are organized under the laws of Argentina. A significant portion of our and our subsidiaries’ assets are located outside the U.S. Furthermore, almost all of our directors and officers and some advisors named in this Annual Report reside in Argentina. Investors may not be able to effect service of process within the U.S. upon such persons or to enforce against them or us in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. Likewise, it may also be difficult for an investor to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against us or these persons in courts located in jurisdictions outside the U.S., including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. It may also be difficult for an investor to bring an original action in an Argentine court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or these persons.

In addition, a portion of our assets is not subject to attachment or foreclosure, as they are used for the performance of the public service we provide. In accordance with Argentine law, as interpreted by the Argentine courts, assets which are necessary for the provision for an essential public service may not be attached, whether preliminarily or in aid of execution.

Prior to any enforcement in Argentina, a judgment issued by a U.S. court will be subject to the requirements of 517 through 519 of the Argentine Federal Civil and Commercial Procedure Code if enforcement is sought before federal courts or courts with jurisdiction in commercial matters of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Those requirements are: (1) the judgment, which must be valid and final in the jurisdiction where rendered, was issued by a competent court in accordance with the Argentine principles regarding international jurisdiction and resulted from a personal action, or an in rem action with respect to personal property which was transferred to Argentine territory during or after the prosecution of the foreign action; (2) the defendant against whom enforcement of the judgment is sought was personally served with the summons and, in accordance with due process of law, was given an opportunity to defend against foreign action; (3) the judgment must be valid in the jurisdiction where rendered, and its authenticity must be established in accordance with the requirements of Argentine law; (4) the judgment does not violate the principles of public policy of Argentine law; and (5) the judgment is not contrary to a prior or simultaneous judgment of an Argentine court. Any document in a language other than Spanish, including, without limitation, the foreign judgment and other documents related thereto, requires filing with the relevant court of a duly legalized translation by a sworn public translator into the Spanish language.

Cablevisión Holding S.A. (“CVH”), and through CVH, GC Dominio S.A. (“GC Dominio”), have the ability to determine the outcome of any shareholder decision relating to significant matters affecting us.

CVH owns Class D Shares representing 28.16% of Telecom Argentina’s total capital stock —directly and indirectly through its wholly owned subsidiary VLG. GC Dominio owns 26.44% of the total capital stock of CVH, which represents 64.24% of the voting stock and votes of CVH. Fintech Telecom LLC (Fintech or FTL) owns Class A Shares representing 20.83% of the total capital stock of Telecom Argentina, and additionally owns Class B Shares in the form of ADSs representing 9.2% of total stock of Telecom Argentina.

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On April 15, 2019, FTL, CVH and VLG entered into the Voting Trust Agreement (as defined below) pursuant to which FTL and VLG contributed certain shares to the Voting Trust (as defined below). Except in respect of certain veto matters, the co-trustee appointed by CVH must vote all the shares contributed to the Voting Trust on all matters presented for vote generally to Telecom Argentina stockholders, in the same manner that CVH votes its shares in Telecom Argentina or as instructed by CVH. For more information about the Voting Trust, see “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement”.

Through its ownership of Telecom Argentina Class D Shares and pursuant to the arrangements resulting from the Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement and the Voting Trust, CVH, as a general matter, has the ability to determine the outcome of any action requiring our shareholders’ approval (except for veto matters). In addition, our bylaws provide Class A and Class D Shares, and the directors appointed by Class A and D Shares, with veto powers, with respect to certain matters relating to us. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement”.

We conducted transactions with the shareholders of Nortel and/or Sofora, including Fintech and its affiliates in the past, and with CVH and its affiliates as from January 1, 2018. Certain decisions concerning our operations or financial structure may present conflicts between our interests and those of our shareholders.

Nevertheless, all of our related-party transactions are made on an arm’s-length basis. Related-party transactions involving Telecom Argentina that exceed 1% of its shareholders’ equity are subject to a prior approval process established by Law No. 26,831, Telecom’s Bylaws and the Rules of the Executive Committee to verify that the agreement could reasonably be considered to be in accordance with normal and habitual market practice. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions”.

The existence and outcome of any public tender offer for our Class B Shares and/or ADSs could affect the price of our Class B shares and ADSs.

On June 21, 2018, CVH informed the Company that it was promoting and formulating a mandatory public tender offer for all Class B Shares issued by Telecom Argentina due to the acquisition of control in Telecom Argentina. The mandatory public tender offer has been suspended by Argentine courts. See “Item 4—Information on the Company— Introduction—Significant 2020 Events—Public Tender Offer due to change of control”. The existence and outcome of any tender offer for our shares and/or ADSs would have an impact over the prices of our Class B shares and ADSs, which could result in a decline in the value of your investment.

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Telecom Argentina was created by Decree No. 60/90 of the PEN dated January 5, 1990, and incorporated as “Sociedad Licenciataria Norte S.A.” on April 23, 1990. In November 1990, its legal name was changed to “Telecom Argentina STET-France Telecom S.A.” and on February 18, 2004, it was changed to “Telecom Argentina S.A.”

Telecom Argentina is organized as a corporation (sociedad anónima) under Argentine law. The duration of Telecom Argentina is 99 years from the date of registration with the IGJ (July 13, 1990). Telecom Argentina conducts business under the commercial name “Telecom”.

On January 1, 2018, the transfer of Cablevisión’s operations to Telecom Argentina took place. As a result, the Merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión became effective, and on that date Telecom assumed Calevisión’s then existing operations.

We are one of the largest private-sector companies in Argentina in terms of revenues, net income, capital expenditures and number of employees. In terms of subscribers, we are one of the largest telecommunications, cable television and data transmission service providers in Argentina and one of the largest cable television services providers across Latin America. Additionally, we are an important Multiple Systems Operator (“MSO”, a company that owns multiple cable systems in different locations under the control and management of a single, common organization) in Argentina in terms of subscribers.

We offer our customers “quadruple play” services, combining mobile telephony services, cable television services, Internet services and fixed telephony services. We also provide other telephone-related services such as international long-distance and wholesale services, data transmission and IT solutions outsourcing and we install, operate and develop cable television and data transmission services We provide our services in Argentina (mobile, cable television, Internet and fixed and data services), Paraguay (mobile, Internet and satellite TV services), Uruguay (cable television services) and the United States (fixed wholesale services).

As of December 31, 2020, (i) our mobile telephony business had approximately 18,433 thousand subscribers in Argentina and approximately 2,351 thousand subscribers in Paraguay, (ii) our Internet business reached approximately 4,146 thousand accesses, (iii) our cable television business had approximately 3,543 thousand subscribers and (iv) we had approximately 2,821 thousand fixed telephony lines in service.

In 2020, our revenues amounted to P$301,596 million, our net loss amounted to P$5,104 million, our Adjusted EBITDA (see the purpose of use of Adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA in “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—(A) Consolidated Results of Operations—Adjusted EBITDA”) amounted to P$102,888 million and we had total assets of P$752,054 million.

The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Telecom Argentina’s telephone number is 54-11-4968-4000, and its principal executive offices are located in Alicia Moreau de Justo 50, (C1107AAB) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Our internet address is https://institucional.telecom.com.ar. The contents of our website and other websites referred to herein are not part of this Annual Report.

Our authorized agent in the United States for SEC reporting purposes is Puglisi & Associates, 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, P.O. Box 885, Newark, Delaware 19711.

As of December 31, 2020, Telecom Argentina’s significant subsidiaries were Núcleo S.A.E, PEM S.A.U, Cable Imagen S.R.L., Televisión Dirigida S.A., Adesol S.A., AVC Continente Audiovisual S.A., Inter Radios S.A.U., Telecom Argentina USA Inc. and Micro Sistemas S.A.U. For further information on our significant subsidiaries, see Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report.

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On August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/20, amending the LAD. Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services (which includes fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television and Internet) as well as access to telecommunications networks for and between licensees as “Essential and Strategic Competition Public Services”, and empowered ENACOM to ensure accessibility. Decree No. 690/20 further established that (i) the prices of the Essential and Strategic Competition Public ICT Services, (ii) the prices of those services provided in accordance with the Universal Service, and (iii) the prices of those services determined by ENACOM for public interest reasons, shall be regulated by ENACOM. Moreover, Decree No. 690/20 established that ENACOM is the agency responsible for the enactment any regulation related to the ICT’s PBU, and also suspended any prices increases or changes set or announced by the ICT’s licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Decree No. 690/20 has been ratified by the Argentine Congress under Law No. 26,122 and has been regulated through ENACOM Resolutions Nos. 1,466/20 and 1,467/20.

Resolution No. 1,466/20, among others, allowed ICT licensees providing Internet access services, subscription broadcasting services through physical, radio-electric or satellite link, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services to increase retail prices for services up to 5% during January 2021. In order to establish the percentages approved, licensees must consider the prices effective as of July 31, 2020 as the price of reference. Such Resolution also provides that ICT Services Licensees may request a higher increase on an exceptional basis in accordance with the provisions of Section 48 of the LAD.

On the other hand, during January and February 2021, the Company has been notified of two preliminary injunctions promoted by ACUBA and a representative of the cable television industry of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina).

For further information about Decree No. 690/20, its related regulation and the related legal proceedings, see “Item 4 —Regulatory Authorities and Framework— Amendment to Law No. 27,078 – Argentine Digital Law”.

By the end of December 2019, the World Health Organization received a report of pneumonia cases originated in Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China. The report was related to the outbreak of a new virus called COVID-19, which soon spread to several provinces of China and then to other countries. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 generated several consequences on businesses and economic activities at a global level.

Given the extent of the COVID-19 spread, several governments in the world have implemented drastic measures to restrict the movement of the population and to prevent the spread of the virus, including the imposition of mandatory isolation and the suspension of non-essential commercial activities. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.

Since March 20, 2020, the Argentine government set forth several measures intended to reduce the movement of the population, and imposed the ASPO, which only allowed the movement of individuals performing activities considered essential by the Argentine government, including the provision of telecommunication, fixed and mobile Internet and digital services. The ASPO has been extended throughout the year 2020, and has been modified from time to time attending the epidemiological situation in general and per region.

We provide valuable services to society, as through our services people, homes, companies and governments remain connected, which became a priority during the pandemic. Our services also allow small, medium and large companies to remain in business, and therefore contribute to sustain our country’s economy. Moreover, since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak our services have allowed people to stay connected and entertained, as well as to work from home and remain informed while complying with the ASPO.

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Although there have been difficulties of different kinds during the COVID-19 pandemic that slowed down or made operations more complex, such as the increase in Internet data traffic, the increase in mobile voice service, the decrease in collections, and mainly limitations on our ability to conduct repairs and installations inside customers’ homes, among others; our operations continued and we expect them to continue despite such difficulties, as the pandemic did not have significant impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

For further information related to the impact of COVID-19 and the internal or external measures we promoted during the sanitary emergency, see “Item 3—Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Argentina—The coronavirus and the measures taken or to be implemented by the Argentine government in response to the coronavirus have had and could continue to have a significant adverse effect on our business operations” and Note 29 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On June 21, 2018, CVH informed the Company that it was promoting and formulating a mandatory public tender offer due to a change of control (“PTO”) for all Class B Shares issued by Telecom Argentina listed on BYMA (including outstanding Class C Shares of Telecom Argentina that might be converted into Class B Shares before the expiration deadline) (the “PTO Shares”) at a price of P$110.85 per PTO Share (previously deducting the items detailed in the PTO announcement).

Pursuant to public releases published by CVH, as part of the administrative process to authorize the PTO, the CNV expressed its disagreement with the price announced by CVH, and took the position that the price per PTO Share should be US$4.8658 payable in Argentine Pesos at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the business day immediate prior to the settlement of the PTO. CVH considered the CNV’s position unfounded and initiated the legal proceeding “Cablevisión Holding S.A. c/ Comisión Nacional de Valores s/ Medidas Cautelares” (File. No. 7998/18) in the Federal Civil and Commercial Court No. 3. On November 1, 2018, the Federal Civil and Commercial Court No. 3 confirmed a preliminary injunction obtained by CVH and ordered the CNV to abstain for six months from issuing any decision with respect to the authorization of the PTO promoted by CVH on June 21, 2018.

On June 10, 2019 CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of a preliminary injunction rendered on May 9, 2019 in the case “Burgueño Daniel v. Executive Branch - CNV on (Autonomous) Preliminary Injunction” (File No. 89537/18) pending before the Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters No. 1, Secretariat No. 1, suspending the process relating to the PTO until the CNV resolves on the applicability of Resolution No. 779/18 or the expiration of the term contemplated in section 5 of Law No. 26,854 governing injunctions. This preliminary injunction was extended by several succeeding court decisions, being the last one the court decision rendered on May 15, 2020, which extended the mentioned preliminary injunction for six months.

On July 6, 2020 CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of a decision rendered on July 3, 2020 by the Chamber V of the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters in re “Burgueño Daniel v. Executive Branch - CNV on (Autonomous) Preliminary Injunction” (File No. 89537/18), whereby said Court decided to interrupt the judicial recess period only to consider the appeal filed by the CNV on May 26, 2020, dismiss such appeal and, consequently, confirm the extension of the preliminary injunction granted thereunder.

On the other hand, on July 19, 2019, CVH was served with notice of a resolution rendered on the same date by the Chamber I of the Federal Civil and Commercial Court of Appeals in re “Cablevisión Holding S.A. v. Argentine Securities Commission on Injunctions” (File No. 7998/18), lifting the preliminary injunction granted to CVH whereby the CNV was ordered to abstain from issuing any decision with respect to the authorization of the PTO. The resolution also provided that an appeal by CVH of the CNV’s decision with respect to the PTO would have a suspensive effect. CVH filed an extraordinary appeal against the Federal Civil and Commercial Court of Appeals’ decision, which was dismissed on December 26, 2019. However, as explained above, the PTO remained at the time subject to the preliminary injunction obtained by a shareholder of CVH – Daniel Burgueño – in the separate legal proceedings mentioned in the previous paragraphs.

On November 26, 2019, CVH was served with a notice of a proceeding initiated by a shareholder of CVH, Mr. Daniel Burgueño, in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN-CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File No. 33763/19), pending before the National First Instance Court on Federal Administrative Litigation Matters No. 1, Secretariat No. 1. Mr. Burgueño seeks the court to rule that CVH is not required to conduct the PTO as a result of the change of control in Telecom in light of paragraph k) of Section 32 of Resolution CNV No. 779/18, regulating Law No. 26,831 (as amended by Law No. 27,440).

On December 27, 2019, CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of the first instance court’s decision in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN-CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File No. 33763/19) ruling in favor of the complaint brought by Mr. Burgueño, confirming that CVH does not have the obligation to conduct a PTO according to Resolution CNV No. 779/18, specifically Section 32, paragraph k), and ordering the CNV to deem the proceedings initiated in connection with the PTO concluded, and also ordered CVH to cease with the PTO.

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On September 8, 2020 CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of a decision rendered by the Chamber V of the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19), rejecting the appeal filed by the CNV of the decision rendered by the court of first instance mentioned in the prior paragraph.

Finally, on October 29, 2020, CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of the judgment rendered by the Chamber V of the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19) dismissing the extraordinary appeal filed by the CNV against the first instance judgment rendered on September 8, 2020 mentioned in the prior paragraph.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the decision rendered by Chamber V of Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters issued on September 8, 2020 in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19) is not final, since the CNV can still initiate further appeal directly before the Supreme Court of Justice.

On July 7, 2020, the Company began the offering of its Series 5 Notes, with the purpose of refinancing Series “A” Notes and its loan with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, jointly with a solicitation of consents to amend certain terms and conditions of its Series “A” Notes. Series “A” Notes holders that chose to tender their notes for the subscription in kind of Series 5 Notes, received for each US$1,000 of Series “A” Notes delivered to the Company: i) US$700 of capital of Series 5 Notes; and ii) US$320 in cash.

On August 6, 2020, Telecom, issued a new series of notes in a principal aggregate amount of U$S388.9 million (approximately P$28,273 million as of the date of issuance), of which US$253.5 million correspond to instruments to be subscribed in kind through the exchange of Series “A” Notes and US$135.4 million correspond to notes subscribed for in cash. The new notes mature on August 6, 2025. Principal will be paid as follows: 3% on February 6, 2023, 30% on August 6, 2023, 33% on August 6, 2024 and 34% on August 6, 2025. Interests will be paid semiannually as accrued, to the maturity date, at an annual fixed rate of 8.50%.

According to the offer, the nominal value of Series “A” Notes delivered to the Company for the subscription in kind of Series 5 Notes amounted to US$362.2 million, representing approximately 77.74% of total outstanding Series “A” Notes, which were settled and retired. As a result, the remaining nominal value of outstanding Series “A” Notes amounts to US$103.4 million.

Additionally, the Company fully settled the bank loan with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, which at repayment had a total outstanding capital amounted of US$187.5 million, including interest accrued at that date and related expenses.

For further information of Series 5 Notes and other financial developments, see Note 13 of our Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity and Capital Resources —Financial Debt Developments during 2020.

In connection with the Notes Global Program for a maximum outstanding amount of US$3,000 million or its equivalent in other currencies, the Company announced on January 14, 2021, the subscription of new series of notes for a total nominal value determined in UVA equivalent for up to P$1,500 million, that could be increased to P$12,000 million. The amount of the Notes finally issued and its main characteristics are detailed below:

Amount involved: 133,628,950 UVA (equivalent to P$8,708,598,672 as of the date of issuance).

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at an annual fixed rate of 4.00%. The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

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During February 2021, we received cash dividends from Ver T.V. S.A. and Teledifusora San Miguel Arcángel S.A. in an amount of P$157 million (P$156 million directly and P$1 million indirectly through the subsidiary Inter Radios S.A.U.).

The Executive Committee and the CEO have a strategic and operational vision of Telecom as a single business unit in Argentina that is consistent with the current regulatory context of the converged ICT services industry. The Executive Committee and the CEO receive periodic economic and financial information of Telecom and its subsidiaries treating all operations as a single segment. On the basis of this information, they assess the evolution of business as a single unit of generation of results, managing resources accordingly to achieve the objectives. Under applicable accounting principles (provided by IFRS 8), it was defined that the Company has a single segment of operations in Argentina.

Also, Telecom carries out activities abroad (Paraguay, Uruguay and the United States). These operations are not analyzed as separate segments by the Executive Committee and the CEO, who analyze the consolidated information of Telecom and its subsidiaries in Argentina and abroad, taking into account that activities of foreign companies are not significant for Telecom. For a breakdown of total revenues by category of activity, please see “Item 5 – Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”. For more information, see Note 1.c) of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of December 31, 2020 we offered our customers a diverse range of services, including:

Our mobile telecommunications service offerings in Argentina under the brand “Personal” include voice communications, high-speed mobile Internet content and applications download and online streaming, among others, as well as the sale of mobile communication devices (handsets, Modems MiFi and wingles, smart watches).

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 18,433 thousand mobile subscribers in Argentina.

Through Personal, we provide mobile services on 850 MHz in the Northern Region and AMBA, 1,900 MHz, 700 Mhz and AWS (paired frequencies in 1,700 MHz and 2,100MHz) in the whole country and 900 Mhz and 2,600 Mhz assigned by localities.

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We offer mobile telecommunication services to residential and corporate subscribers through a variety of flexible options. These options include prepaid, post-paid and “Abono Fijo” (mixed) plans.

Our strategy during 2020 focused on further promoting the consumption of high-speed services by providing upgrades and improving the experiences of certain customers, and more generally addressing the needs of small, medium and large customers.

The main developments in our residential and corporate services during 2020 were the following:

· our offer of mobile services ranged from prepaid plans to postpaid plans, and between 2 Gigas and 20 Gigas;

· as our customers’ internet consumption evolved, we worked in international services while focusing on increasing the efficiency of international traffic management, minimizing the cost of the service to sustain the simplification and evolution of the roaming offer and achieve a higher perceived quality. We added higher national and international roaming data quotas for America and Europe to our mobile plans.

Our mobile telecommunications infrastructure also enables us to provide the wholesale services summarized below.

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Also in 2020, we entered into update agreements with content aggregators aimed at differentiating international SMS A2P (messages sent from applications to persons) traffic from local traffic, and implemented a firewall (system blocking spams and non-authorized access) that allows control of our network, providing complete protection to our customers.

During 2020, Telecom worked together with two other Argentine mobile service providers to strengthen the scope of sites covered under this modality.

In terms of infrastructure, during 2020 we improved the services we provide by deploying the 4G / LTE network, together with the technological reconversion of our 2G / 3G networks, and the deployment of fiber optics to connect all homes with broadband, which also had an impact on fixed and data network. This allowed us to stand out from our competitors, significantly improving the NPS of our clients.

During 2020, service providers in Argentina continued to make significant capital expenditures in new network infrastructure for the enhancement and deployment of 3G and 4G technology, which allows higher transmission speeds needed for data transfer, video calling and Internet browsing to also improve coverage.

The deployment of 4G / LTE reached a coverage of 95% of urban population, in 1,879 localities as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, we reached a coverage of 98% of the population of major cities of Argentina, as of that date. In addition, the deployment of 4G + services continued to advance throughout the country, thanks to the solution of Carrier Aggregation 4G (using two simultaneous frequency bands). Our customers with access to our 4G network perceive a better service experience, primarily with faster speeds that reach 300 Mbps, with capacity to reach speeds of 1,000 Mbps. On the other hand, approximately 23% of the calls are made by Volte, a technology that allows making and receiving voice calls over the 4G Network with substantial improvements in audio and video quality.

Additionally, we continued to deploy the mobile sites connectivity in order to achieve better quality and capacity, replacing radio links with high capacity fiber optics connections.

Finally, a plan for the deployment of mobile sites with satellite backhaul was started (a network that connects mobile access sites with stations through satellite links) in order to reach remote areas with low population density to provide them with connectivity.

In February 2021, we set-up the first 5G network in Argentina, putting into operation 10 mobile antennas in the cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario to use with suitable devices. We used Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (“DSS”), a technology leveraged on the current 4G network, that allows to turn on 5G accesses dynamically and on demand. The 5G network will allow speeds of 10Gbps, and provides greater capacity for connected devices, coverage and features than 4G and 4.5G networks.

The market for residential, corporate and wholesale mobile telecommunications services in Argentina is characterized by intense competition. Operators are free from regulation to determine the pricing of services, except that the ENACOM sets prices for wholesale local interconnection services. There are currently three mobile operators offering nationwide service. Telecom, Telefónica Móviles Argentina and América Móvil.

During, 2020, we completed the migration of customers from Nextel to Personal and the Nextel network was discontinued.

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We provide broadband Internet services in Argentina. Broadband Internet access, often shortened to “broadband,” is high data rate Internet access. Broadband can be delivered through four technologies: cable modem (HFC), ADSL, optic fiber (FTTC and FTTH) and wireless; being cable Modem and ADSL the most widely used. We market our cable Modem services through our “Fibertel” brand and in partnership with other Internet services providers. We market our ADSL service through “Fibertel” and “Fibertel Lite” brands and in partnership with other Internet services providers.

During 2020, we continued promoting broadband offers, providing greater speed to customers that have technical availability to use it.

With respect to access networks, our strategy aims to satisfy the rising broadband demand, mainly for downloading videos and multimedia content from the Internet. In this respect, we intend to continue the expansion of our access fiber optics infrastructure, using different modalities and technologies, which have been optimized based on demand of services provided and different geographic locations.

During 2020, we continued deploying our FTTH network both in greenfield areas (an area where we have not deployed any of our technology networks: Copper, HFC or FTTH) and in the reconversion of brownfield areas (an area where we have network deployment), granting more customers access to ultra-high internet velocity with speeds of 1000MB and also upgrading the customer base average speed by migrating customers to our HFC network (i.e., technologies that replace copper with fiber optics in different points of the transmission network). As of December 31, 2020, the number of customers with access FTTH technology grew 55% compared to December 31, 2019. Internet dial-up service represents a marginal percentage of our revenues. We continue to provide this service to a small market where broadband service is not available.

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 4,146 thousand Internet subscribers.

We believe that Fibertel is the broadband service that offers the best selection of speeds in the Argentine retail and corporate market and at competitive prices. During 2020, we continued to improve the capacity and the speed of our service, boosting customer experience. Through the Fibertel brand, we provide high-speed Internet services in the AMBA, Córdoba, Rosario, Campana, Río Cuarto, Posadas, Salta, Olavarría, Pergamino, Mar del Plata, Bahía Blanca and Santa Fe, among other cities in Argentina.

The internet connectivity products we provide through the Fibertel brand are specially tailored to the needs of each residential or corporate user, and include specific solutions such as virtual private network services, traditional Internet protocol (“IP”) links and corporate products that offer additional services.

Customers with a service of 20 MB or more represent 71.5% and 62.4% of the total customer base as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Within this range, customers have contracted service plans of 100 MB, 300 MB and 1,000 MB which, as of December 31, 2020 amount to 551,455, 97,433 and 2,279, respectively, positioning our “Fibertel” brand as the technological benchmark brand of the industry.

Additionally, during 2020 we introduced “Infinite”, a new technology with an automatic switch between fixed and mobile, providing continue connectivity and tools that allow customers to get better performance of Internet connection. This portfolio consists of 100, 300 MB or 1, 000 MB connectivity, including a 4G backup and a control center.

Finally, we offer international IP access through well-known global backbone providers.

In order to continue bringing fiber optic to customers, we consolidated the deployment of the different fiber optic architectures (mainly FTTH), substantially improving the possibility of offering high speed services. This deployment encompassed residential and corporate customers, new neighborhoods, gated communities, high-rises and shopping centers. With respect to the FTTH networks, their deployment allowed us to expand coverage. With respect to HFC, the reduction of the service areas and the increase in upstream capacity resulted in better service for users.

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The renewal of the access network, together with the transformation process of the transport network, allows sites to be connected at maximum speed with each other and with the stations, and with the rest of the world. Based on these improvements in the transport network by bringing fiber optics to home, we continue to focus on offering customers the option of increasing access speed, moreover considering the need of home office in 2020, as a consequence of the ASPO as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additionally, following our network integration and the installation of a new core in AMBA in 2019, during 2020 we began the installation of the new Internet Gateway to connect network to Internet.

We face nationwide competition in the Internet service market in Argentina from Telefónica, AMX Argentina (commercially known as Claro), Gigared and Telecentro (providing a triple-play offer), among others. During 2020, Telefónica and AMX accelerated their investments for the construction of their fixed FTTH networks, increasing their penetration and ability to serve households in different areas of the country. This presents a new challenge for us with respect to the competitive scenarios of prior years, as new players with international support are aggressively entering the market. Our data services business faces competition from Telefónica, AMX Argentina and from several providers of niche data services such as Level 3 Argentina, IPlan and others.

We deliver a two-way network with a bandwidth capacity of more than 1 GHz to approximately 81% of the homes passed through our cable network (87% in AMBA). Through these networks, we offer additional revenue-generating services and products, such as premium services and pay-per-view.

As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 3,319 thousand cable television subscribers in Argentina.

As of December 31, 2020, our principal cable networks were located in AMBA. We also operated cable networks in other cities within the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Córdoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Chaco, Neuquén and Río Negro. As of December 31, 2020, Telecom’s cable network covered approximately 70,000 kilometers, and its interurban fiber optic network passed through approximately 30,000 kilometers.

In 2020, we continued investing significant resources to expand the variety of programming options in order to appeal to potential new subscribers and meet their needs. Our cable television services revenues are derived primarily from monthly subscription fees for cable service. To a lesser extent, our cable television services revenues also derived from connection fees and advertising and fees for premium and pay-per-view programming services, digital packages, DVR, HD packages, video-on-demand services (VOD) and magazine distribution.

We purchase basic and premium programming from more than 50 signal providers. Programming arrangements are primarily denominated in Argentine Pesos. Fees paid to signal providers under these arrangements are linked to the growth of our cable television subscriber base and the fees charged.

We offer the digital service in AMBA and other cities of Argentina (such as Córdoba, Rosario, Santa Fe, among others). This service gives subscribers the option to increase the number of channels offered and includes an onscreen programming guide.

We offer high definition versions of our Basic HD and our Premium HD Packages, such as Cablevisión Max HD, in locations where the required technology to broadcast this format has been deployed. This programming package includes a large variety of genres such as sports, movies, series, documentaries and music, with high resolution and better image quality. This offer also includes open air channels under an HD format.

Through our HD platform, we broadcast events using 3D technology for subscribers of the Premium HD service program that have the necessary equipment for this type of technology. We offer our HD customers a new VOD service that enables them to purchase programs or packages offered through an onscreen programming guide, with access to certain free services.

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The Flow STB service (which provides all of its programming in HD) offers our clients the option to pause, rewind, start from the beginning and record contents. On the other hand, during 2020 we continued incorporating the option to access different apps such as Disney +, offering an exclusive three months free of charge period to our customers. Through this app, our customers can enjoy Disney, Pixar, Marvel, Star Wars and National Geographic content.

Our customers are given the option to acquire premium additional packages not included in the basic package by paying an additional fee. These packages and services include channels in addition to those included in the basic package, provide exclusive content, and divide such content by movie genres, adult programs and sports, or a combination of these categories. Premium subscribers receive a free digital box that enables them to access this service and gives them the option to choose pay-per-view programs.

In order to enhance our customers experience while accessing our content offer, we offer a digital platform branded “Flow” that integrates television channels with On demand content. Through Flow, which uses the fastest fiber optic network in the country, our customers are able to watch television at any time and place and from any device (such as tablets, smartphones and smart TVs, among others). Flow allows us to distribute contents through an IP structure coupled with digital television quadrature amplitude modulation, which included adequate security measures. Flow enabled our customers to use new modern functions such as lineal streaming, reverse electronic program guide, the possibility to “start over” a program, access to “video on demand”, contents and “cloud DVR” (which allows subscribers to save content in the provider’s database instead of the subscribers digital recorder). In 2020 we lunched “Flow Now”, a box-less experience for our broadband customers.

With respect to cable television transmission, we face competition from other cable television operators and providers of other television services, including direct broadcasting, satellite and wireless transmission services. As a result of the non-exclusive nature of our licenses, our cable systems frequently have been overbuilt by one or more competing cable networks, in addition to the satellite television service that is also available. Free broadcasting services are currently available in Argentina. In the AMBA Region, these services primarily include four privately-owned channels and their local affiliates, and one state-owned national public television network. In addition, the Argentine government has distributed digital boxes to certain sectors of the population that provide free access to certain channels in connection with the Argentine Terrestrial Digital Television System.

Paid television industry is highly fragmented, and our largest competitors are Telecentro S.A., which is focused in the AMBA Region, and DirecTV Argentina S.A. (“DirecTV”) (satellite television), present throughout the entire country. In addition, Telefónica and AMX consolidated their offer of video products together with fixed broadband, in the context of the development of their fixed network. Telecom also considers OTT Internet video system providers such as Netflix, Disney+, Prime Video and On Video as competitors.

Among paid television systems, competition is driven primarily by price, programming services offered, customer satisfaction; and quality of the system.

Our network’s trunk or backbone portion in AMBA consists entirely of fiber optic cable. We built a fiber optic cable ring around the City of Buenos Aires that provides network redundancy (which helps ensure network availability in the event of a network device or path failure resulting in unavailability) and improves overall network reliability. We have deployed a similar fiber optic network architecture in other major cities.

In addition, cable television service is also provided through FTTH networks with IP technology, combining state-of-the-art networks to provide high-capacity Internet with video services through the same physical link.

We own and operate a fixed local line telephone network, public long-distance telephone transmission facilities and a data transmission network in the Northern Region. Following the opening of the entire Argentine market to competition in 2000, we expanded our footprint to the Southern Region of Argentina, to provide nationwide coverage. Fixed and Data Services are comprised of the following:

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During 2020 we continued to strengthen our TOIP (fixed telephony service over IP) services and position through the evolution of the portfolio of security services solutions, together with a communication and dissemination campaign throughout the year, aiming to bring our wide range of services closer to corporate customers.

During 2020, we remained one of the leading providers of wholesale telecommunications solutions for the different providers and operators in the market, including cable operators, ISPs cooperatives and other service providers. Wholesale services include:

The data services business includes nationwide data transmission services, virtual private networks, symmetric Internet access, national and international signal transport and videoconferencing services. These services are provided mainly to corporations and governmental agencies. We also provide certain value added services, including electronic standard documents telecommunication software exchange and fax storage and delivery service. Our corporate data services business also includes the lease of networks to other providers, telecommunications consulting services, operation and maintenance of telecommunications systems, supply of telecommunications equipment and provision of related services. The corporate data transmission services we provide are mainly Ethernet and IP services.

We serve leading companies in the Argentine market as well as the national government, provincial governments and municipalities. These large customers demand cutting-edge technology and solutions tailored to their needs, including voice, data, Internet and Value Added Services.

In response to the constant changes demanded by the market, we maintained our strategy to position ourselves as an integrated service provider for large customers by offering convergent ICT solutions, including fixed and mobile voice, data, Internet, multimedia, datacenter and application services through sales, consulting, management and specialized and targeted post-sale customer services.

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The main solutions offered to large customers in recent years —that also continued during the year ended December 31, 2020— included, among others, the expansion of the truncated digital communications system for various agencies of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires; the provision of 911 systems for public safety management, datacenter solutions to optimize operations for a supply chain management company and the implementation of unified communications, networking, collaboration and firewall solutions, with CISCO technology, for an insurance company.

In 2020, we launched a new security solution, the “Centro de Ciberdefensa” (Cyber Defense Center), designed to meet the demand for online security in companies. This solution, aimed exclusively at cybersecurity monitoring, is a tailored and flexible service depending on the needs of each company, which permanently monitors the events that may occur and notifies the customer to take any necessary remediation action.

In relation to IoT solutions, we provide the necessary technology for customers to connect to their data, applying intelligence for better and faster decision-making, helping them develop and improve the efficiency of their business. During 2020, we developed a new solution to add to the agriculture solutions portfolio, the “Remote monitoring of grains”.

During 2020, we maintained our focus on ICT solutions and the sale of data services and dedicated Internet accesses. This strategy is supported by the world class multi-site network of datacenters focused on communications, with over 7,000 square meters used to keep computer technology services throughout Argentina. Through this infrastructure, we offer a broad services portfolio including dedicated hosting and housing, connectivity, cloud services which enable our customers to optimize their costs by increasing the security of their information and avoiding hardware and software obsolescence issues. All the services are provided with support, security, connectivity and the ability to engage further management, professional, monitoring, storage and backup services.

In addition, we continued investing in our major datacenter in the city of Pacheco, province of Buenos Aires consolidating its position as leader in the market and enhancing the level of services supplied. These investments are intended to support business growth in the next few years with the highest market standards.

Our network strategy, for the medium- and long-term, focuses on satisfying the demand of the services we provide, improving our customers’ experience and promoting technology evolution.

With respect to the “core” network, we seek to continuously increase the capacities and availability of the services offered to our customers. In addition, we continued implementing the standardization of protocols and network architectures, to enhance the efficiency of our operation and maintenance, with cost reductions on those activities.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the main licensees providing local and/or fixed long-distance telephone service are Telmex, AMX Argentina (commercially known as Claro), Level 3 Argentina (commercially known as “Level 3 Communication” formerly “Global Crossing”), IPlan, Telecentro, Telefónica (principally in the Southern Region) and Telecom (principally in the Northern Region). Telefónica has the dominant market share for provision of telecommunications service to retail customers in the Southern Region. If our competitors increase their presence in the Northern Region, we expect that we will face additional pricing pressure and experience a slight loss in market share in the Northern Region.

Regarding data services, our main competitors are Centurylink and Edgeconnex (an international datacenter specialized company that increased its market presence during 2020).

Finally, and regarding wholesale services, the main competitors in Argentina for connectivity services are Centurylink (formerly “Level 3 Communication” and “Global Crossing”), Telefónica, ARSAT (a Government owned company) and Silica (Datco Group). This competition causes permanent pricing pressure and forces Telecom to deploy commercial strategies to mitigate the impact of those initiatives on its market share. On the other hand, and in relation with local interconnection traffic, the ENACOM sets prices for this service.

We provide nationwide mobile telecommunication services in Paraguay through Núcleo, under the “Personal” brand. Núcleo was granted licenses to provide commercial mobile services, Internet access, and videoconferencing and data transmission services in Paraguay.

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As to Internet access services, during 2020 Núcleo offered services through a combination of fiber optic Internet and Flow service. As the COVID-19 pandemic generated an increase in the use of Internet at home, Núcleo generated record revenues in this service.

With respect to postpaid mobile services, during 2020 Núcleo focused its strategy on capturing customers through aggressive offers with discounts ranging between 30% to 50% on plans or data duplication. Likewise, different campaigns were implemented to retain postpaid customers. Regarding prepaid mobile services, Núcleo offered packs that included benefits in the use of data, in addition to unlimited calls to all operators.

Finally, in 2020, Núcleo supported the growth of the corporate segment, with the launch of a new brand identity and new products and services, seeking to position itself as an integral solutions provider.

Núcleo is the controlling company of Tuves. The main activity of Tuves is the distribution of audio and television signals via satellite to customers’ homes. Núcleo is also the controlling company of Personal Envíos. The main activity of Personal Envíos is to provide mobile financial services.

In 2020, Núcleo continued with the deployment of the fixed network, reaching 450 thousand homes, which allowed improving the country’s connectivity and economic convenience to its customers, becoming the operator with the largest fiber optic coverage in Paraguay.

In 2020 Núcleo expanded the capacity and coverage of its LTE mobile network achieving 41 4G / LTE operative nodes and an “overlapping” of 86.2% (4G / LTE nodes in service over total network sites with 4G / LTE coverage).

By the end of 2020, 76% of the data traffic was carried out over the 4G network, as a result of the constant expansion of capacity in network infrastructure, which has allowed us to follow the needs of our customers in a greater use of data. 83% of customers who use mobile Internet do so over the 4G network.

Currently, there are four participants in the mobile telecommunications services market in Paraguay. Operators provide services using 2G, 3G and 4G technology. The Paraguayan market is highly competitive. As of December 31, 2020, Núcleo’s main competitor was Tigo (a subsidiary of Millicom International Cellular). Tigo holds a significant market share in terms of revenue.

In relation to Flow services, there are two other operators that offer similar services in the Paraguayan market, Tigo and Claro, being Tigo the main competitor with its “OneTV” service.

Telecom provides management and administration services to companies that render cable TV services in Uruguay under the brand Cablevisión through Telemás S.A., one of the Adesol’s subsidiaries. Cablevisión in Uruguay provides basic, HD or Premium Television Services.

As of December 31, 2020, Adesol had approximately 140,378 subscribers in Uruguay, providing them with cable television services under different technological platforms, DTH, cable and MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System).

On the other hand, Cablevisión Flow service continued to be promoted, offering our customers the possibility of watching television programs and On Demand content, from any device, through a modern platform to which new functions were introduced during 2020.

During 2020 Adesol offered services through DTH (Direct To Home) Platform in Montevideo and the metropolitan area comprising Ciudad del Plata and different locations in the department of Canelones and in rural areas of northern of Uruguay. Adesol also offered services through cable TV in the capital cities of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó and also in Paso de los Toros.

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The television market in Uruguay has approximately 640 thousand subscribers, where Cablevisión holds a 22% share, after DirecTV, that holds a 25%. Then, the rest is divided among different local distributors. Only DirecTV can sell its services across the whole country, while Cablevision and the rest of the cable television operators have only territorial licenses. In Montevideo, Cablevisión leads the market with a 25% share, followed by DirecTV with a 19% share.

Although Cablevision maintained its market share throughout the last years and even increased during 2020, the exponential growth of DirecTV led to the detriment of the rest of the operators.

The market continues showing a downward trend, marked by the increase of online entertainment alternatives, mainly Netflix, which continues increasing its customers base. In November 2020 Disney+ launched its streaming service, which will represent another threat to the traditional television market.

In 2020, we advanced rapidly in the digital transformation of our operations and in the comprehensive experiences offered to our customers, attaining relevant milestones in spite of the COVID 19 pandemic and the ASPO.

The digital transformation of our operations seeks to integrate all operations and to develop an integrated system of platforms that are leveraged on connectivity and allow us to manage and improve the products and services we offer, and focus on the digital and convergent experience of our customers.

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Telecom’s marketing strategy focuses on cross-selling the full range of services to its subscribers, to offer innovative services to its existing customers, and to upgrade existing broadband customers to higher speeds. An increase in the number of subscribers who receive all of Telecom’s fixed and mobile telecommunications, cable television and Internet services, together with an increase in the numbers of services provided to its existing subscribers is expected to result in an increased ARPU.

Telecom’s customer service operations related to cable television services and Internet services are provided through a unified center (the “Contact Center”) available 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. Telecom’s cable television services and Internet services customers can contact the Contact Center by phone, e-mail and chat through its website, as well as through social media such as Twitter and Facebook. Accessibility through social media is particularly important in Latin American countries and especially in Argentina, which has a high degree of social media penetration.

Telecom’s customer service operations related to fixed and mobile telephony services, Internet and cable television services include specialized call centers and approximately 6,100 customer service representatives consisting of in-house and third-party personnel. By calling the customer service hotline, mobile telephony customers can make inquiries about their accounts. Our model of care includes a special telephone channel for high-value customers (“Black” and “Business” accounts). In line with current market demands, we also provide the option for account self-management through special online portals, therefore simplifying the procedure and providing our customers with alternatives. Access to these online portals includes processes for validating customer identities and analyzing behavioral patterns to anticipate their needs.

Telecom has special customer service programs specifically tailored to the convergent solutions we provide. We implemented and unified in a single contact center platform the different client-to-provider contact channels (including telephone, face-to-face contacts, social networks (Twitter, Facebook) and Multimedia (chat, email). Services provided to our mobile customers will tentatively be incorporated to this platform during 2020. We implemented a real-time decision platform to deliver personalized customer service.

In addition, Telecom also offers a paperless option for invoices and other customer service processes, replacing them with free digital invoices.

From the outset of the ASPO, the Company focused on using and promoting the use by customers of all digital communication channels for commercial purposes. In order to respond to the new demand created by the Isolation requirements, we enhanced digital support by implementing special microsites identified as “I pay from home”.

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In 2020, Telecom’s customer satisfaction indexes have been remained above its goal of 87.5%, based on top two box methods, confirming the excellence of the services we provide. Telecom believes that its attention to customer service differentiates it from its competitors and is rewarded with customer loyalty.

At Telecom, sustainability is a management model embedded in our corporate policy that allows us to carry out our operations focusing on the generation of value in our economic, social and environmental performance. Our strategy comprises several lines of work. We are leaders in an industry that is one of the pillars for the social and economic development of the country, and we play an active role in the community with sustainable practices and initiatives that add value to the use of technology as a tool for social inclusion and education.

For this reason, Telecom has developed a social investment plan that focuses on the promotion of the use of technology as a tool for the progress and the growth of communities. The plan currently is comprised of three initiatives:

Telecom has been an adherent member of the United Nations Global Compact since 2004, and complies with the 10 principles of human rights care, employment quality, environmental care and the fight against corruption. Telecom’s commitment is ratified every year and is part of our sustainability model. Also, this model is based on the Code of Ethics and Conduct of the Company that incorporates, through declarations of principles and values, moral and ethical foundations of a universal nature within the organization.

With the commitment of the entire organization, the Company seeks to sustain the maximum economic performance in balance with the impacts and opportunities in the society and its environment.

The 2020 Sustainability Plan promoted good practices aimed at all stakeholders - community, employees, suppliers, environment, customers and investors - and aimed to enhance the contribution of social and environmental performance of Telecom.

In 2020 we designed solutions to support people during the social and economic emergency generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, including by providing economic support through public-private initiatives related to health, education, social assistance and prevention.

We disseminate all these initiatives among our stakeholders through our Sustainability Report, a document that we have been publishing for 13 years that summarizes the progress and challenges in building a sustainable management, with a focus on the creation of value for our audiences and for society in general.

The Sustainability Report applies the international sustainability guidelines issued by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The Sustainability Reports details our contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and its schedule plan until 2030 and to the 10 principles of the United Nations Global Compact, and our compliance with International Standard ISO 26.000:2010 and with the standards established by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). In addition, since 2011, we have submitted the Company's indicators to an external assurance review. This report is also our Communication on Progress of the United Nations Global Compact Principles, to which we have adhered since 2004.

Churn refers to the termination of a mobile telephony, cable television or Internet services customer’s account. The churn rate is determined by calculating the total number of disconnected customers of each of our mobile telephony, cable television and Internet services over a given period as a percentage of the initial number of customers for such services as of the beginning of the applicable measurement period. Reductions in fixed telephony lines in service refers to the reductions of fixed telephony lines in service that form part of the public telephone network, or are connected to such network, as of the end of two relevant measurement periods. We seek to enforce a strict disconnection policy, which provides for the disconnection of cable television services, Internet services and mobile telephony services after a 95-day period of non-payment and delivery of a notice of disconnection. Because most of our mobile telephony services are provided under the Personal brand, historical average monthly churn rates for mobile telephony services customers, included in this Annual Report for comparative purposes, reflect Telecom’s operations prior to the consummation of the Merger.

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On March 24, 2020, the government temporally prohibited the disconnection of services deemed essential for the development of daily life in cases of arrears or default in payments, including electricity, water and gas supply, fixed or mobile telephony, Internet and radio electric link or satellite link subscription television, among others. Subsequently, through the issuance of new decrees, the PEN extended the temporary suspension of the disconnection of services in case of arrears or lack of payment for up to seven consecutive or alternate invoices. The government’s measure also imposed on operators an obligation to continue providing reduced fixed and mobile telephony services, Internet services and cable television services, whether by radio-electric link or satellite link. For further information on Decree No. 311/20 and related regulation, see Note 29 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our activities are affected by, and will continue to be affected by, among others, rules and regulations applicable in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, which we describe below. Our fixed wholesale telecommunications operations in the United States are subject to the authority of the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”).

The regulatory authorities described below are primarily responsible for regulating the ICT services we provide. Other authorities also have jurisdiction over different aspects of our operations, including, without limitation, antitrust authorities, the CNV, the public registry of commerce and tax authorities.

Finally, Micro Sistemas is registered as a PSP (Payment Service Providers that offer payment accounts) and is under the oversight of the BCRA and the “Financial Information Unit” (Unidad de Información Financiera or “UIF”) regulations for this type of operations.

The ENACOM is the principal regulatory body responsible for the regulation, control and supervision of the ICT sector. The ENACOM is an autonomous federal agency within the purview of the Secretary of Public Innovation (which, in turn, is under the supervision of the Cabinet of Ministers).

Our mobile telecommunications services in Paraguay are subject to the authority of the CONATEL. Our subsidiary Personal Envíos (which received authorization to operate as an Electronic Payment Company) is supervised by the Central Bank of Paraguay.

Our subsidiary Adesol is a related party of Bersabel S.A. and Satélite Visión S.A., entities that own licenses to provide subscription broadcasting services in Uruguay and are subject to the authority of the URSEC.

In Argentina, the provision of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, Internet services and cable television services (subscription broadcasting services) are highly regulated, and the regulatory framework is continuously evolving. The regulatory framework applicable to our business includes:

The LAD provides for a single country-wide license and individual registration for information and communication technologies services (Licencia Única Argentina Digital). Pursuant to the LAD, licensees of ICT Services are required to set prices that (i) are fair and reasonable, (ii) cover the exploitation costs and (iii) tend to maximize the efficiency of the supply of these services while maintaining a reasonable operating margin. The LAD also amended the Universal Service (see “—Universal Service”), includes a declaration of public interest of the development of ICT and its associated resources in order to ensure complete neutrality of ICT networks and grant all users the right to access, use, send, receive or offer any content, application, service or protocol through Internet without any restrictions or discrimination. The LAD allows licensees of ICT Services to provide subscription broadcasting services through physical or radio-electric link, including this service within its regulatory scope.

In the past few years, the regulatory framework applicable to services provided by Telecom in Argentina went through a significant number of changes allowing, as of January 1, 2018, the joint provision of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, cable television services and Internet services, known as “quadruple play”.

For more information about the LAD, see Note 2.c) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/20 amending the LAD. Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services (which includes fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television and Internet) as well as access to telecommunications networks for and between licensees as “Essential and Strategic Competition Public Services”, and empowered ENACOM to ensure accessibility.

Decree No. 690/20 further established that the prices of the Essential and Strategic Competition Public ICT Services, the prices of those services provided in accordance with the Universal Service and the prices of those services determined by ENACOM for public interest reasons, shall be regulated by ENACOM.

Moreover, Decree No. 690/20 established that ENACOM is the agency responsible for the enactment of any regulation related to the ICT’s PBU, and also suspended any price increases or changes set or announced by the ICT’s licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

Decree No. 690/20 has been ratified by the Argentine Congress under Law No. 26,122 and has been regulated through ENACOM Resolutions No. 1,466/20 and 1,467/20, both published in the Official Gazette on December 21, 2020.

Resolution No. 1,466/20 allowed ICT licensees providing Internet access services, subscription broadcasting services through physical, radio-electric or satellite link, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services -in all cases in their different and respective modalities- to increase retail prices for services up to 5% during January 2021. In order to establish the percentages approved, licensees must consider the prices effective as of July 31, 2020 as the price of reference. Such Resolution also provides that ICT Services Licensees may request a higher increase on an exceptional basis in accordance with the provisions of Section 48 of the LAD.

Resolution No. 1,467/20 further determines the beneficiaries of this PBU. Licensees are under the obligation to report on a monthly basis the number of customers subscribed to the different compulsory universal basic services. Finally, Resolution No. 1,467/20 also imposes different reporting obligations to be fulfilled before the ENACOM on the licensees that hold registration for subscription broadcasting services by physical or radio electric link and on licensees of subscription television audiovisual communication services by satellite link.

The Company has initiated legal proceedings before the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters challenging the constitutionality of Decree No. 690/20 and the aforementioned ENACOM Resolutions and requesting a preliminary injunction that would suspend its application. The preliminary injunction was denied on January 29, 2021 and the Company appealed the court’s decision. As of the date of this Annual Report, the resolution of the mentioned appeal is still pending. The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the actions available to the Company in order to protect its legal rights.

On January 27, 2021, the Company was served with notice of a preliminary injunction granted by the Civil and Commercial Court No. 10 of Mar del Plata obtained by ACUBA in the aforementioned case, which ordered the Company to roll back the tariffs of broadcasting services subscriptions, Internet access services, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services to those of December 2020, which could only be increased up to 5% as authorized by ENACOM, and maintain such tariffs until any modification is resolved. Telecom challenged the preliminary injunction for lack of jurisdiction, and requested that the resolution granting the preliminary injunction be declared nulled. Telecom further requested that the preliminary injunction be lifted. A decision from the court remains pending as of the date of this Annual Report. The Company argued that a preliminary injunction obtained by a representative of the industry of the Province of Córdoba from the federal courts of the province expressly suspended the application of Decree No. 690/20, Decree No. 311/20 and prohibited ENACOM from issuing any subsequent resolutions.

The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the actions that may be necessary in order to protect its rights.

Preliminary injunction requested by a representative of the industry of the Province of Córdoba

On February 2, 2021, the Company was informed by ATVC, that a preliminary injunction requested by a representative of the cable television industry of the Province of Córdoba was granted ordering the suspension of Decree N° 690/20, of Decree N° 311/20 and of all measures adopted as a result of those decrees. The court also ordered the PEN and the ENACOM to abstain from issuing or pursuing any subsequent measures based on such decrees, until a final court decision is rendered.

ATVC also informed that, pursuant to the court’s indications, the regulatory authority should refrain from issuing regulations related to Decree No. 690/20 or enforcing the regulations previously issued, which are generally suspended.

According to the LAD, Telecom holds a non-expiring Unique Argentine Digital License (Licencia Única Argentina Digital), which allows Telecom to provide a wide range of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, Internet access, subscription broadcasting services (by physical and/or radio electric link) and radio electric service of concentration of links.

For more information about the Unique Argentine Digital License, see Note 2.b) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The licensees of ICT Services are required to make contributions to the Universal Service Fiduciary Fund equivalent to 1% of the total accrued revenues from the provision of ICT Services, net of taxes and charges.

On July 3, 2020, ENACOM issued Resolution No. 721/20, which replaces the General Regulation of Universal Service approved by ENACOM Resolution No. 2,642/16. Although several modifications were introduced, the new Universal Service Regulation maintains the contributions to the Universal Service Fiduciary Fund of licensees at the level of 1% of ICT’ total accrued revenues, as provided by the previous Regulation.

For further information on the most relevant matters of the new Universal Service Regulation and other Universal Service matters, see Note 2.d) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Through Resolution SC No. 79/14 and Resolutions SC No. 80/14, 81/14, 82/14 and 83/14, Personal was awarded Lots 2, 5, 6 and 8 and the remaining frequencies of the Personal Communication Services (PCS) and the SRMC, as well as those of the new spectrum for the SCMA, which were offered through a Public auction process approved by SC Resolution No. 38/14. In addition, through SC Resolution No. 25/15 issued on June 11, 2015, Personal was awarded with the remaining Frequency Bands which formed Lot No. 8, and thus completed said Lot.

The Auction Terms and Conditions authorized the use of the auctioned frequency bands for a period of 15 years as from the award of said frequencies. Upon expiration, the regulatory authority could extend the terms of use upon formal request of the awarded operator (which price and conditions would be set forth by such authority).

Telecom is also subject to other material regulations in Argentina, such as the Regulation of ICT Services, the General Rules Governing ICT Service Customers, the Number Portability Regulation, General Rules Governing Interconnection and Access, Quality Rules for ICT Services, National Rules for Contingencies, International Roaming Agreement between Chile and Argentina, Infrastructure Sharing Regulation and Subscription Television Services Regulation, among others.

For more information on other material regulations, see Note 2.f) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On March 24, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 311/20, which determined that services related to fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and cable TV would not be interrupted for failure by vulnerable clients to pay up to three consecutive or alternate invoices maturing on and after March 1, 2020. Subsequently, through the issuance of new decrees, the PEN extended the temporary suspension of the right to disconnect services in case of arrears or lack of payment of up to seven consecutive or alternate invoices. Decree No. 311/20 also established that certain customers of our fixed and mobile telephony, Internet and cable television services, by radio-electric link or satellite link, would have reduced services in cases of delay or default in payments. This decree lapsed on December 31, 2020.

In May 2020, the Company, together with other companies of the telecommunication industry, entered into an agreement with ENACOM, which was effective until August 31, 2020. This agreement, among other issues, provided: (i) for the suspension of increases in prices of mobile and fixed telephony, Internet and cable television services from May 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020, to ease the situation of users affected by the quarantine, (ii) for the creation of inclusive plans for mobile and fixed telephony and mobile and fixed Internet for users who request such benefit, establishing a fixed price until September 30, 2020, (iii) for the extension of the benefit of “reduced service” ensuring connectivity for users of the prepaid mobile service or Internet service, maintaining the price until October 31, 2020, (iv) that during the term of this agreement employers would not dismiss employees without cause, and (v) that, in the case of salary increases as a result of trade union agreements, this agreement will be renegotiated and the effects of such agreement would be immediately suspended.

For information on the regulations related to COVID-19, see Note 29 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In Paraguay, Núcleo has a license to provide mobile telecommunication services (STM and PCS) and a license for the installation and provision of Internet and data services throughout the country. These licenses have been granted for renewable five-year periods. Personal Envíos is authorized by the Central Bank of Paraguay to operate as an Electronic Payment Company (EMPE), and its corporate purpose is restricted to such service. Tuves Paraguay has a license for the provision of telecommunications services and also the distribution of digital audio and television signals to homes (DATDH). This license has been granted for renewable five-year periods.

In Uruguay, Adesol has contractual relationships with several licensees that provide subscription television services through various systems in such country.

In relation to the Law of Communication Services in Uruguay, Adesol is analyzing the possible consequences that the change in the regulatory framework could generate in its business and any possible legal actions that can be taken in order to protect its rights and its shareholders’ rights.

For more information in relation to the Regulatory Framework to which our operations are subject in Paraguay and Uruguay, also see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 219 OF THE IRAN THREAT REDUCTION AND SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS ACT OF 2012 (ITRSHRA)

Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 added Section 13(r) to the Exchange Act, which requires a 34’ Exchange Act registrant to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports filed with the SEC whether the issuer or any of its affiliates has knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings with the government of Iran, relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities involved in terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction during the period covered by the annual or quarterly report. Disclosure is required even when the activities were conducted outside the United States by non-U.S. entities and even when such activities were conducted in compliance with applicable law.

In accordance with our Code of Ethics and Conduct, we seek to comply with all applicable laws.

During 2020 we had two activities relating to Iran: (i) our roaming agreement (mobile services) with Mobile Company of Iran (MCI) (formerly TCI), which allows our mobile customers to use their mobile device on a network outside their subscriber’s home network (see “Glossary of Terms—Roaming”) and (ii) our international telecommunications services agreements with international carriers (fixed services), which cover delivery of traffic to Iran through non-Iranian carriers.

Like all major mobile networks, in response to the competition and customers’ demands, Telecom Argentina entered into roaming agreements with many foreign mobile networks, including MCI, to allow their customers to make and receive calls abroad.

The Roaming agreement with MCI was terminated on February 1, 2019, through a notarial certificate stating the termination at a technical level of such service.

Roaming agreements are entered into using standard terms and conditions including the one relating to Iran. Entering into roaming agreements is an activity carried out in the ordinary course of business by a mobile network operator.

Roaming agreements are generally reciprocal. Pursuant to a roaming agreement, when our mobile customers are in a foreign country covered by the network of an operator with which we have a roaming agreement (the “Foreign Operator”), our mobile customers may make and receive calls on their mobile phone using the Foreign Operator’s network. Likewise, the Foreign Operator’s customers may make and receive calls using our networks when these customers are in Argentina.

The Foreign Operator bills us for the calls made and received by our roaming customers at the rate agreed upon in the applicable roaming agreement. We then bill these customers according to the specific roaming fees in their subscription agreement. Likewise, we bill the Foreign Operator for the calls made and received by its clients using our networks for those calls, at the roaming rate agreed upon in the applicable roaming agreement, and then the Foreign Operator bills its clients according to their customer agreements. Roaming agreements do not, generally, contemplate other fees or disbursements.

As of December 31, 2020, receivables and payables generated under the roaming agreement with the MCI were as follows:

We maintain commercial agreements with international carriers located in countries other than Iran, which permit those carriers to deliver traffic from Iran to our networks and from our networks to Iran.

Telecom Argentina’s total expenses under commercial agreements with international carriers regarding delivery of traffic to Iran were approximately P$3.8 thousand (P$4.4 thousand in current currency as of December 31, 2020).

During 2020, and regarding outgoing traffic, Telecom has sent traffic to Iran mainly through Verizon Communications Inc. (United States) and Telecom Italia Sparkle S.p.A (Italy).

Regarding incoming traffic, Telecom Argentina charges the relevant international carrier for traffic ending in Telecom’s network. Consequently, Telecom Argentina does not know the country of origin of such traffic.

Accordingly, our total payables and receivables from international carriers include balances arising from traffic related to Iran but it is not possible to segregate them.

The outbound costs described in the table above are wholly immaterial with respect to the Company’s consolidated operating expenses for the period presented.

Activities relating to the Designated Countries – Cuba, North Korea and Syria

In addition to the mandatory disclosure pursuant to ITRSHRA described above, our activities that directly or indirectly relate to the “Designated Countries” (countries designated by the U.S. Department of State as state sponsors of terrorism and are subject to U.S. economic sanctions and export controls), during 2020, were the following:

During 2020 we maintained Roaming agreements with ETECSA Cuba. The Roaming agreement with MTN Syria was terminated on February 1, 2019, through a notarial certificate stating the termination at a technical level of such service. Finally, we do not maintain any commercial relationship with North Korea.

As of December 31, 2020, revenues, expenses, receivables and payables related to roaming agreements with the Designated Countries were as follows:

We also maintain commercial agreements with international carriers from countries other than the Designated Countries which permit those carriers to deliver traffic from the Designated Countries to our networks and from our networks to such countries. We do not maintain any commercial relationship involving North Korea.

Regarding outgoing traffic, during 2020, Telecom has sent traffic to the Designated Countries mainly through Verizon Communications Inc. (United States), IBASIS (Holland), Telecom Italia Sparkle S.p.A (Italy) and ETECSA (Cuba).

As of December 31, 2020, revenues, expenses and payables from roaming agreements with the Designated Countries were as follows:

Accordingly, our total payables and receivables from international carriers include balances arising from traffic related to the Designated Countries but it is not possible to segregate them, except for those balances with ETECSA, which are only related to Cuba.

The outbound costs described in the table above are wholly immaterial with respect to the Company’s consolidated operating expenses for the period presented.

The following table sets forth our capital expenditures for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

Our capital expenditures were approximately US$680 million in 2020, US$1,086 million in 2019 and US$1,273 million in 2018, and represented 18.6%, 27.6% and 25.3% of our consolidated revenues, respectively. We estimate that our capital expenditures in 2021 will be approximately US$610 million. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures”.

We expect to finance these expenditures through cash flows generated by our operations and financing provided by third parties.

As detailed below, our principal physical properties consist of transmission equipment, access facilities, outside plant (external wiring) and switching equipment. These assets are, at present, mainly located throughout AMBA and the Northern Region. Some of our assets are located in areas that may be subject to natural disasters and severe weather, and which may be adversely affected in the future by climate change.

We believe that our assets are, and for the foreseeable future will be, adequate and suitable for their respective uses. The table below shows the carrying the amount of PP&E:

As of December 31, 2020, we have entered into purchase commitments relating to PP&E totaling P$20,947 million. Our current major suppliers of PP&E are Sagemcom BroadBand Sas, Huawei International Co. Limited, Huawei Tech Investment Co. LTD Argentina, Nokia Argentina S.A., Corning Optical Communications LLC, IBM Argentina S.R.L., Arris Solutions Inc., Cisco Systems, and Nokia Solution and Networks Argentina.

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the rest of this Annual Report, in particular, the sections “Presentation of Financial Information,” “Item 4 —Information on the Company” and the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes to those financial statements, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. See “Item 3—Key Information—Selected Financial Data”. The following discussion and analysis are presented by the Management of our company and provide a view of our financial condition, operating performance and prospects from Management’s perspective. The strategies and expectations referred to in this discussion are considered forward-looking statements and may be strongly influenced or changed by shifts in market conditions, new initiatives that we implement and other factors. Since much of this discussion is forward-looking, you are urged to review carefully the factors referenced elsewhere in this Annual Report that may have a significant influence on the outcome of such forward-looking statements. We cannot provide assurance that the strategies and expectations referred to in this discussion will come to fruition. Forward-looking statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and therefore, you should not rely solely on them. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. Please refer to “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors” and “—Trend Information” below for descriptions of some of the factors relevant to this discussion and other forward-looking statements in this Annual Report.

We believe that telecommunications can contribute to the development of the countries in which we operate, boosting local economies by providing them with access to high value-added communication and connectivity services. To this end, we intend to continue to invest in the most modern mobile technology infrastructure, as well as in the deployment of a high speed fiber optic network to deliver the best contents to our customers.

We focus our efforts on several strategic pillars. We believe that the deployment of an infrastructure appropriate to our needs will allow us to offer more services, with a sophisticated fixed-mobile network comparable to those of the largest companies in the world.

During 2020, we prioritized the provision of services that are critical for society as they connect people, homes, companies and governments, in the context of isolation measures related to the COVID-19 outbreak. We were also focused on the people, the organizational culture, the administrative processes, the technological tools and the key factors to achieve competitiveness and ensure the long-term sustainability of our businesses

Consolidated revenues in 2020 amounted to P$301,596 million as compared to P$322,686 million in 2019 and P$351,948 million in 2018. The decrease of P$21,090 million in 2020 (a 6.5% decrease) was mainly due to lower Internet services revenues, Cable Television services revenues, fixed and data services revenues and equipment revenues , partially offset by higher Mobile services revenues. Revenues in 2020 were mainly driven by revenues from mobile services, Internet services, premium cable television services and fixed and data services.

Net loss in 2020 amounted to P$5,104 million as compared to a loss of P$5,293 million in 2019 and a net income of P$11,594 million in 2018. Net loss attributable to Telecom Argentina amounted to P$5,715 million in 2020 as compared to net loss amounting to P$5,985 million in 2019 and a gain of P$11,089 million in 2018.

For a detailed analysis of our results of operations for fiscal year 2020, see “—Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018” below. For a discussion of the factors that may affect our results of operations see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors” and “—Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018—Factors Affecting Results of Operations” and “—Trend Information” below.

The following discussion and analysis summarizes relevant measures of results of operations presenting items by nature. The Company believes that the presentation of the measure “adjusted EBITDA” provides investors and financial analysts with appropriate information that is relevant to understanding the Company’s past and present performance as well as our projections of future performance (see the purpose of use of adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA in section “Adjusted EBITDA”). Moreover, adjusted EBITDA is one of the key performance measures used by Management for monitoring the Company’s profitability and financial position, at consolidated levels.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, are dependent upon and sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and estimates that we use as a basis for its preparation. We have identified critical accounting estimates and related assumptions and uncertainties inherent in our accounting policies, which we believe are essential to an understanding of the underlying financial reporting risks. Additionally, we have identified the effect that these accounting estimates, assumptions and uncertainties have on our Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information, see Note 3.v) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

For purposes of these sections, the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are referred to as “2020,” “2019” and “2018,” respectively.

Our results of operations are determined in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Telecom provides customers with a broad range of telecommunication services. To fulfill its purpose, Telecom conducts different activities that are distributed among the companies in the Group. For further information about our main products and services, see “Item 4—The Business—Main Products and Services”.

Described below are certain factors that may be helpful in understanding our operating results. These factors are based on the information currently available to our Management and may not represent all of the factors that are relevant to an understanding of our current or future results of operations. See also “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors”. Additional information regarding trends expected to influence our results of operations is analyzed below under “—Trend Information”.

Although a significant portion of our financial liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, a substantial majority of our assets, operations and customers are located in Argentina. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows depend to a significant extent on economic and political conditions prevailing in Argentina. The Argentine government has exercised and continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of the Argentine economy. Accordingly, Argentine governmental actions concerning the economy could significantly affect private sector entities in general and our operations in particular, as well as affect market conditions, prices and returns on Argentine securities, including our outstanding securities and our shares. Our operating results, financial condition and cash flows have been and will be affected by fluctuations in the Argentine economy. For more information on these macroeconomic and political conditions, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina”.

During 2020, aggregate economic activity was mainly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Argentina experienced one of the sharpest year-on-year GDP declines in its economic history in the second quarter of 2020, when heavy restrictions to social mobility were imposed. In the second half of the year, this decline was partially offset by a higher level of economic activity. In general terms, most of the economic sectors were affected by the general macroeconomic context, with greater impacts in construction, commerce and industry. Additionally, the monetization of the higher fiscal deficit due to the implementation of certain emergency programs designed by the government in response to COVID-19 affected the evolution of monetary and financial variables. As of December 31, 2020, Argentina’s country risk stood at 1,368 points, after the completion of its debt restructuring process with its external creditors. On the other hand, international reserves registered a decrease during 2020, mainly due to sovereign debt payments, interventions of the BCRA in the exchange market and the reduction of dollar deposits in the financial system, reaching approximately 39.4 billion dollars (a decrease of 12% year over year) as of December 31, 2020. As to the international context, the global economy is immersed in a context of deep recession caused by the pandemic, while recovery has accelerated in certain advanced economies and in China due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus packages that were unprecedented in magnitude and in their rapid response. Still, the global economy’s long ascent back to pre-pandemic levels of activity remains prone to setbacks. Specifically, and considering Argentina’s main trading partners, exports to China recovered from deep declines at the beginning of the year, supported by an early restart of activity, while Brazil is experiencing a recovery of its economic activity, which is still conditional after the impact of the pandemic.

Pursuant to International Accounting Standards (“IAS”) 29 (Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies), the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is that of a hyperinflationary economy must be restated. IAS 29 does not prescribe when hyperinflation arises, but includes several factors of hyperinflation. Since July 1, 2018, Argentina has been categorized as a hyperinflationary country, since certain macroeconomic indicators and events during 2018 evidenced that the qualitative and quantitative factors identified in IAS 29 (the quantitative factor being when the country’s projected three-year cumulative inflation rate exceeds 100%) were satisfied. Therefore, we have restated our Consolidated Financial Statements and the financial information in constant Argentine Pesos as of December 31, 2020, for all the periods reported in this Annual Report based on certain price indexes to take into account the effect of inflation in Argentina. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Inflation could accelerate, causing adverse effects on the economy and negatively impacting Telecom’s margins and/or ratios,” and Note 1.e) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The CPI index has registered an increase of 36.1% and 53.8% on a year-over-year comparison for 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The financial information issued for comparative purposes must also be presented in the current currency as of December 31, 2020 and must be restated using the annual index of the current year.

As a result of applying the comprehensive inflation restatement, the Company will record an increase in the value of non-monetary items, such as PP&E, Intangible Assets (including Goodwill) with an impact on deferred taxes and an increase in the Company's equity, including shareholders’ contributions.

Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,468, provides that, effective as from the fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the inflation adjustment procedure set out in the income tax law shall be applicable to any fiscal year in which the variation of the IPC price index, accumulated over the 36 months immediately preceding the end of the relevant fiscal year, exceeds 100%.

In the first, second and third year as from its effectiveness, this procedure shall be applicable as long as the variation of the IPC, calculated from the beginning to the end of each of these years exceeds 55%, 30% and 15%, respectively. In order to calculate income tax inflation adjustments, since the amendment of Law No. 27,541, one-sixth of the income tax inflation adjustment shall be computed in each fiscal year, and the remaining five-sixths shall be computed in equal parts, in the five immediately following fiscal years.

During 2018, the inflation rate did not reach the 55% threshold. Therefore, we did not apply the inflation adjustment regime in such fiscal period. However, during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 the variation of the IPC exceeded the threshold set for the application of the income tax inflation adjustment for tax purposes for these years. Accordingly, and pursuant to a comprehensive interpretation of applicable regulations, the Company recognized the corresponding accounting impact, that amounted to a loss of P$14,842 million as of December 31, 2020.

Effects of Fluctuations in Exchange Rates between the Argentine Peso and the U.S. dollar and other major foreign currencies

In 2019, the Argentine Peso continued its devaluation against major foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar. According to exchange rate information published by the Banco de la Nación Argentina, the Argentine Peso depreciated by 40.5% against the U.S. dollar during the year ended December 31, 2020 (compared to 58.9%, 102.2%, and 17.4% in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively).

Also, since September 2019, following the economic instability and the significant devaluation of the Peso that took place after the primary elections, foreign exchange controls and restrictions to the transfer of currency abroad were reinstated. The Fernández administration sought to future prevent additional demand for foreign currency by reinforcing exchange controls (i.e., the imposition of higher taxes on the acquisition of foreign currency, among others). In response to these measures, several parallel U.S. dollar trading markets developed in which the Argentine peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate differ substantially from the official Argentine peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate. See “Item 10—Additional Information—Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Argentina.” and “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Devaluation of the Argentine Peso and foreign exchange controls may adversely affect our results of operations, our capital expenditures and our ability to service our liabilities and pay dividends”.

The majority of our revenues are in Pesos whereas a portion of the costs regarding materials and supplies related to the construction and maintenance of our networks and services are incurred in foreign currencies. Also, the high level of competition limited our ability to transfer to our customers the fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Peso and the U.S. dollar and other major foreign currencies. In addition, any devaluation of the Peso against foreign currencies may increase operating costs (partially offset by the increase of revenues in foreign currencies), capital expenditures and the cost of debt, which will adversely affect our results of operations, considering the net effect on revenues and costs. Additionally, any significant devaluation of the Peso, will result in an increase in the cost of servicing our debt and, therefore, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina— Devaluation of the Argentine Peso and foreign exchange controls may adversely affect our results of operations, our capital expenditures and our ability to service our liabilities and pay dividends”.

We have focused on increasing our broadband Internet penetration by providing and offering bandwidth connectivity to our existing cable television subscribers, telephony customers and new customers.

Total monthly ARPU for mobile telephony services in Argentina was P$436.2 in December 2020 as compared to P$431.7 in December 2019. Total monthly ARPU for Internet services in Argentina was P$1,271.0 in December 2020 as compared to P$1,441.5 in December 2019. Total monthly ARPU for our cable television services of Telecom Argentina was P$1,382.2 in December 2020 as compared to P$1,586.6 in December 2019.

Total monthly ARBU in our fixed telephony services in Argentina was P$574.3 in December 2020 as compared to P$602.0 in December 2019.

For the calculation of ARPU and ARBU, see “Item 3—Key Information—Other Selected Data”.

The LAD established that licensees of ICT services may freely set their prices provided such prices are fair and reasonable, to offset the costs of operation and to tend to the efficient supply and reasonable margin of operation. However, the ENACOM is entitled to observe the prices we set if it understands that they do not comply with the provisions of Section 48 of the LAD. If prices were observed and we are forced to reduce them, our operating margins may be negatively affected.

Moreover, on August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/20 amending the LAD. Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services (which includes fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television and Internet) as well as access to telecommunications networks for and between licensees as “Essential and Strategic Competition Public Services”, and empowered ENACOM to ensure accessibility. Decree No. 690/20 further established that (i) the prices of the Essential and Strategic Competition Public ICT Services, (ii) the prices of those services provided in accordance with the Universal Service, and (iii) the prices of those services determined by ENACOM for public interest reasons, shall be regulated by ENACOM . Decree No. 690/20 further established that ENACOM is the agency responsible for the enactment of any regulation related to the ICT’s PBU, and also suspended any price increases or changes set or announced by the ICT’s licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The Decree has been ratified by the Argentine Congress under Law No. 26,122 and has been regulated through ENACOM Resolutions Nos. 1,466/20 and 1,467/20. For more information on Decree No. 690/20 and its regulating resolutions, see “Item 4 —Regulatory Authorities and Framework— Amendment to Law No. 27,078 – Argentine Digital Law”.

The impact of the service price adjustments on our results of operations is particularly relevant as a result of inflationary pressures on our costs structure. If we are unable to adjust the prices of the services we provide based on inflation rates, our results of operations will be adversely affected.

The fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses in Argentina are competitive. We need to make significant investments to refurbish and maintain our existing network infrastructure to comply with regulatory obligations and to remain competitive with respect to the quality of our services.

With respect to cable television services, we compete with DirecTV, Telecentro, Supercanal, Movistar and Claro that have built networks in the areas in which we operate, providers of other pay television services, including direct broadcasting, direct-to-home satellite and multi-channel multi-point distribution system services, licensed suppliers of basic telephone services and cooperative entities providing utility services, as well as with free broadcasting services which are currently available to the Argentine population in certain areas from four privately-owned television networks and one state-owned national public television network. We also consider Over-The-Top media services, such as Netflix, Disney+, Prime Video and On Video, as competitors. Among cable television services competition, is driven primarily by price, programming services offered, customer satisfaction and quality of the system.

Regarding mobile services, we compete with other two operators that offer nationwide services, Telefónica Móviles Argentina and América Móvil. The market of residential, corporate and wholesale mobile telecommunication services distinguishes due to the fact that operators are free from regulation to determine the pricing of services, except that the ENACOM sets prices for wholesale local interconnection services.

With respect to Internet services, Movistar, Telecentro, Claro have well-established name recognition, larger customer bases and significant financial, technical and marketing resources. Well-known competitors continue to increase their penetration and ability to serve household in different areas of the country. For more information, see “Item 3— Key Information—Risk Factors— We face substantial and increasing competition in the Argentine fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses”.

Improvements in technology influence our customers’ demand for services and equipment. For example, demand for fixed-line telecommunications services has been affected by continued significant growth in mobile business. Growth in the telephony as well as cable television services businesses at present is being affected by the expansion of broadband for individuals and corporations and our continuous updating of commercial and support systems. The increase in broadband adoption has also proven to be a critical factor in facilitating the offering of Value Added Services to customers and the combination of product made available to customers.

In Internet services, we must constantly upgrade our access technology and software, embrace emerging transmission technologies and improve the responsiveness, functionality, coverage and features of our services.

In the mobile business, to provide subscribers with new and better services, Telecom must enhance its mobile networks extending 3G and 4G/4G+ technology and bandwidth for mobile data transmission Moreover, Telecom is developing an LTE infrastructure expeditiously, in response to regulatory requirements and development in the market for the mobile services.

In addition, as new technologies develop, equipment may need to be replaced or upgraded, and network facilities (in particular, mobile and Internet network facilities) may need to be rebuilt in whole or in part, at substantial cost, to remain competitive. These enhancements and the implementation of new technologies will continue requiring increased capital expenditures. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Capital Expenditures” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures”.

Local municipalities in the regions where we operate have introduced regulations and proposed various taxes and fees for the installation of infrastructure, equipment and expansion of fixed-line and mobile networks. Local and federal tax authorities have brought an increasing number of claims against us. We disagree with these proceedings and are generally contesting them. Also, jurisprudential changes in labor and pension matters have generated higher claims from employees and former employees and also increased claims from employees of a contractor or subcontractor alleging joint liability. We cannot assure you that current laws and regulations applicable to the economy generally or specifically to the telecommunications industry will not become more burdensome, that the claims will be resolved in our favor, or that any changes to the existing laws and regulations will not adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as well.

The consolidated financial statements and the related information included in this Annual Report have been presented on the basis of the current currency as of December 31, 2020 to take into account the effect of inflation in Argentina in accordance with the requirements of IAS 29.

The Company restated all the non-monetary items in order to present them in current currency as of December 31, 2020. The main non-monetary items subject to restatement include Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible assets (including Goodwill), Rights of Use, Inventories, certain Investments in subsidiaries and the Equity items. The treatment of non-monetary assets impacts the determination of deferred tax assets/liabilities, with the exception of Equity items. All items were restated since the date of the initial recognition or since the last revaluation. Monetary items have not been restated because they are stated in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2020.

Additionally, pursuant to IAS 29 our Income Statement was restated in current currency as of December 31, 2020.

The items of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows must also be restated in current currency as of December 31, 2020. The gain arising from the restatement has an impact on the Consolidated Income Statement and must be eliminated from the Statement of Cash Flows because it is a non-monetary item.

All comparative figures have also been presented in the current currency of December 31, 2020.

The effect of inflation on the monetary position is included in the Income Statement under Other financial results, amounted to P$5,598 million, P$10,345 million and P$28,071 million as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

According to Resolution No. 539/18, the general price index must be determined by reference to the Internal Wholesale Price Index (IWPI) through 2016, considering for the months of November and December 2015 the average variation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of the City of Buenos Aires, due to the fact that during those two months no IWPI measurements were published at national level. Since January 2017, changes in the general price index must be determined by reference to the National Consumer Price Index (National CPI). The tables below present the evolution of these indexes in the last five years according to official statistics (INDEC) following the guidelines described in Resolution No. 539/18:

For further information see Note 1.e) to our Consolidated Financial Statements and see “Item 3 — Risk factors—Risk Related to Argentina—Inflation could accelerate, causing adverse effects on the economy and negatively impacting Telecom’s margins and/or ratios”

For 2020, we reported net loss of P$5,104 million, as compared to net loss of P$5,293 million in 2019, and net income of P$11,594 million in 2018. Net loss attributable to Telecom Argentina totaled P$5,715 million in 2020. Net loss for 2020 decreased by P$189 million as compared to 2019, and net loss for 2019 increased by P$16,887 million as compared to 2018.

Consolidated revenues in 2020 amounted to P$301,596 million as compared to P$322,686 million in 2019 and P$351,948 million in 2018. The decrease of P$21,090 million in 2020 (a 6.5% decrease) was mainly due to lower fixed and data services revenues, Internet services revenues, Cable Television service revenues and equipment sales, partially offset by higher Mobile services revenues. The decrease of P$29,262 million in 2019 (an 8.3% decrease) was mainly due to lower Mobile, Internet and Cable Television service revenues and equipment sales, partially offset by higher fixed and data services revenues.

In 2020, operating costs (including depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) amounted to P$281,302 million, representing a decrease of P$19,881 million, or 6.6% as compared to 2019. In 2019, operating costs (including depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) amounted to P$301,183 million, representing a decrease of P$6,244 million, or 2% as compared to 2018. The decrease in 2020 is consistent with the overall reduction of operating costs, except for interconnection and transmission costs and bad debt expenses. The decrease in costs in 2019 is mainly a consequence of decreases in Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority, Commissions and advertising, Cost of equipment and handsets and Interconnection and transmission costs, which was partially offset by an increase in depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets and an increase in the charge for bad debt expenses.

Telecom carries out its activities in Argentina and abroad (Paraguay, Uruguay and the United States). These operations are not analyzed as a separate segment by the Executive Committee and the CEO, who analyze the consolidated information of companies in Argentina and abroad, taking into account that the activities of foreign companies are not significant for Telecom. The operations that Telecom carries out abroad do not meet the aggregation criteria established by the standard to be grouped within the “Services rendered in Argentina” segment, and considering that they do not exceed any of the quantitative thresholds identified in the standard to qualify as reportable segments, they are grouped within the category “Other abroad segments” according to the requirements of the IFRS 8.

However, since operations abroad are not material, the explanations set forth below reflect mainly developments and information attributable to our operations in Argentina.

In 2020, Adjusted EBITDA totaled P$102,888 million, representing 34.1% of consolidated revenues, operating income totaled P$20,294 million, representing 6.7% of consolidated revenues. However, because financial losses, net, totaled P$17,643 million and we incurred income tax expenses of P$8,251 million, we incurred a net loss in 2020 of P$5,104 million.

During 2020, total consolidated revenues decreased 6.5% amounting to P$301,596 million as compared to P$322,686 million in 2019. The decrease in 2020 is mainly a consequence of lower Internet, cable television and fixed and data services revenues, and equipment revenues, partially offset by higher mobile services revenues.

The decrease in total consolidated revenues occurs albeit the greater demand for services, due to the ASPO adopted as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic (see Note 29 to our Consolidated Financial Statements), with a slight growth in the Internet and cable television customer base, accompanied by a decrease in churn. While rate of inflation for 2020 was 36%, the range of measures introduced by the Argentine government relating to the prices of our services prevented us from fully transferring inflation to customers.

Services revenues amounted to P$283,994 million in 2020, decreasing 6.3% as compared to P$303,030 million in 2019 and represented 94.2% of consolidated revenues. Equipment revenues amounted to P$17,602 million in 2020 as compared to P$19,656 million in 2019, and represented 5.8% of consolidated revenues.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 increased consolidated revenues to P$44,315 million and P$128,505 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Mobile services revenues in 2020 amounted to P$113,348 million (an increase of P$1,447 million or 1.3% as compared to 2019), being the principal contributor to our total services revenues for 2020 (39.9% of consolidated revenues in 2020 as compared to 36.9% in 2019). The increase in 2020 is mainly due to higher revenues in Argentina, which amounted to P$100,447 million (an increase of P$3,701 million or 3.8% compared to 2019).

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Mobile services revenues amounted to P$16,517 million and P$44,463 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Personal's mobile customers amount to 18.4 million and 18.9 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which 7.7 million correspond to postpaid customers in both years. The main ratios related to the services provided to these customers were:

Regarding infrastructure, the Company continued to enhance the mobile Internet experience of its customers through the deployment of its 4G and 4G+ network throughout the country, reaching more than 13.9 million customers with 4G devices throughout the country.

A monthly operational measure used in the mobile services is ARPU, which we calculate by dividing adjusted total service revenues —excluding outcollect wholesale roaming, cell site rental and reconnection fee revenues and others— (divided by 12 months) by the average number of subscribers during the period. ARPU is not a measure calculated in accordance with IFRS and our measure of ARPU may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. In particular, certain components of service revenues are excluded from Personal’s ARPU calculations presented in this Annual Report. Management believes that this measure is helpful in assessing the development of the subscriber base of mobile services. The following table shows the reconciliation of total service revenues to such revenues included in the ARPU calculations of 2020:

Mobile services revenues generated in Paraguay amounted to P$12,901 million in 2020 (vs. P$15,155 million in 2019, representing a 14.9% decrease). The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in ARPU and the customer base, partially offset by the appreciation of the Guaraní against the Argentine Peso. The main ratios related to mobile services in Paraguay as of December 31, 2020 were:

Internet services revenues amounted to P$64,233 million in 2020 (equivalent to 21.3% of total consolidated revenues), decreasing P$7,444 million or 10.4% as compared to P$71,677 million in 2019,mainly due to the decrease in the Internet ARPU in Argentina of 11.8%, which reached P$1,271.0 in 2020 as compared to P$1,441.5 in 2019. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARPU amounted to P$190.8 and P$571.3 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Customers with service of 20Mb or higher represented 71.5% and 62.4% of the total customer base as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Within this range there are customers who have plans of 100 Mb, 300 Mb and 1,000 Mb, that as of December 31, 20 amounted to 551,455, 97,433 and 2,279, respectively.

Internet services churn rate per month amounted to 1.3% and 1.5% as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, increasing a 0.6% the subscriber base in 2020, which amounted to 4.1 million.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in internet services revenues amounted to P$9,681 million and P$28,614 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

A monthly operational measure used in the internet services is ARPU, which we calculate by dividing adjusted total service revenues - excluding connection and rehabilitation fees revenues and others - (divided by 12 months) by the average number of subscribers during the period. ARPU is not a measure calculated in accordance with IFRS and our measure of ARPU may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. In particular, certain components of service revenues are excluded from Internet’s ARPU calculations presented in this Annual Report. Management believes that this measure is helpful in assessing the development of the subscriber base of Internet services. The following table shows the reconciliation of total service revenues to such revenues included in the ARPU calculations of 2020:

Cable television service revenues amounted to P$59,582 million in 2020 (equivalent to 19.8% of total consolidated revenues), decreasing P$7,680 million or 11.4% as compared to revenues as of December 31, 2019. The decrease was mainly due to lower ARPU, which amounted to P$1,382.2 as of December 31, 2020, decreasing 12.9% as compared to an ARPU of P$1,586.6 as of December 31, 2019. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARPU amounts to P$206.5 and P$626.5 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

It should be noted that between April and October, 2020 we recorded no revenues related to domestic soccer transmissions given that soccer tournaments were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of revenues impacted ARPU.

The monthly average churn amounted to 1.0% and 1.3% as of December 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in cable television services revenues amounted to P$8,911 million and P$26,844 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

An important monthly operational measure used in the Cable Television services is ARPU, which we calculate by dividing adjusted total service revenues - excluding connection and administration fees, advertising services and others - (divided by 12 months) by the average number of subscribers during the period. ARPU is not a measure calculated in accordance with IFRS and our measure of ARPU may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. In particular, certain components of service revenues are excluded from Cable Television’s ARPU calculations presented in this Annual Report. Management believes that this measure is helpful in assessing the development of the subscriber base of cable television services. The following table shows the reconciliation of total cable television service revenues to such revenues included in the ARPU calculations of 2020:

Revenues generated by fixed and data services amounted to P$45,597 million in 2020 (equivalent to 15.1% of total consolidated revenues) decreasing P$5,540 million or 10.8% as compared to P$51,137 million in 2019. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in fixed and data services revenues amounted to P$6,733 million and P$20,238 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The average monthly revenue billed per user (“ARBU”) of fixed telephony services in Argentina decreased to P$574.3 in 2020 from P$602.0 in 2019. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARBU amounts to P$86.1 and P$244.4 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Equipment revenues amounted to P$17,602 million in 2020 (a decrease of P$2,054 million or 10.4% as compared to 2019). The decrease was mainly due to lower handsets sold as compared to 2019 (28%), partially offset by an approximately 70% increase in handset sale as compared to 2019.

The Company continued to promote the updating of handsets with financed offers and special discounts highlighting the convergence of services.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in equipment revenues amounted to P$2,366 million and P$7,935 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets)

Total operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) decreased P$19,036 million in 2020, amounting to P$198,708 million, representing a 8.7% decrease as compared to 2019. These lower costs are related with the decrease in all operating costs, except for interconnection and transmission costs and bad debt expenses.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) amounted to P$29,615 million and P$88,099 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Employee benefit expenses and severance payments decreased P$4,872 million to P$58,476 million in 2020 as compared to P$63,348 million in 2019. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in headcount to 23,254 employees as of December 31, 2020, and lower severance payments, partially offset by increases in salaries agreed by the Company with several trade unions with respect to unionized and non-unionized employees, together with related social security charges.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Employee benefit expenses and severance payments amounted to P$8,298 million and P$25,027 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Interconnection and transmission costs (including charges for TLRD, Roaming and cost of international outbound calls and lease of circuits) increased P$1,016 million, amounting to P$11,254 million in 2020 as compared to P$10,238 million in 2019, respectively. The increase was mainly due to increases in the exchange rate in relation to services set in US$ and the increase in TLRD services.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Interconnection and transmission costs amounted to P$1,591 million and P$4,083 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies decreased P$3,211 million, or 8.9%, amounting to P$33,012 million in 2020 as compared to P$36,223 million in 2019. Fees for services decreased in 2020 mainly due to the optimization of consumption of materials and to the effect of lower activity as a result of the ASPO, partially offset by increases in supplier’s services prices related to the maintenance of our networks and systems and home connections and disconnections of customers, among others.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies amounted to P$5,283 million and P$14,824 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority, including turnover tax, municipal taxes and other taxes, decreased P$2,009 million or 8.0%, amounting to P$23,020 million in 2020 as compared to P$25,029 million in 2019. The decrease was mainly to the effect of the decrease in sales in 2020.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority amounted to P$3,364 million and P$9,998 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Commissions (including commissions paid to agents, collection commissions and others) and advertising, decreased P$2,641 million or 13.3%, amounting to P$17,252 million in 2020, as compared to P$19,893 million in 2019. The decrease was due to lower charges for agent commissions, lower equipment sales and a decrease in advertising of those equipment due to the lower activity caused by the ASPO.

Since the first day of the ASPO, we launched a campaign promoting all digital communication channels and encouraging customers to use those channels for commercial purposes. In order to handle that new demand, we enhanced digital support by implementing special microsites identified as “I pay from home”. On the other hand, we maintained our media presence promoting our new services and solutions, such as “Convergent Offer” and “Mi Negocio Personal”, as well as promoting Flow.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Commissions and advertising amounted to P$2,455 million and P$7,868 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Cost of equipment and handsets sold decreased P$3,502 million, amounting to P$11,132 million in 2020 as compared to P$14,634 million for 2019. Thereby, P$10,258 million of this amount correspond to cost of handsets sold in Argentina, which decreased 25.7% mainly due to lower handsets sold as compared to 2019 (-28%), partially offset by the increase in the purchase prices of handsets.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Cost of equipment and handsets amounted to P$2,112 million and P$6,897 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Programming and content costs decreased by P$4,379 million, amounting to P$20,169 million in 2020 as compared to P$24,548 million in 2019. The decrease was mainly due to operating efficiencies and the impact generated by the lower cost of some sport signals, partially offset by the increase in the price of almost all the signals.

It should be noted that between April and October 2020 no revenues related to domestic soccer transmissions were recorded, considering that the activity was suspended as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Programming and content costs amounted to P$2,969 million and P$9,789 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Bad debt expenses increased P$2,186 million, amounting to P$10,805 million for 2020, representing approximately 3.6% and 2.7% of the consolidated revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively. This increase was mainly due to the deterioration of the economic situation of the country, including the temporary suspension on disconnection of services in cases of delay or default in payments provided by Decree No. 311/20, as disclosed in Note 29 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Bad debt expenses amounted to P$1,674 million and P$3,466 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other operating expenses (which include provisions, energy and other public services, insurance, leases and internet capacity, among others) decreased P$1,624 million to P$13,588 million in 2020 as compared to P$15,212 million in 2019. The decrease is mainly due to lower rentals and internet capacity charges, lower energy costs and other public charges and other diverse charges, partially offset by higher provisions.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Other operating expenses amounts to P$1,869 million and P$6,147 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

An important operational performance measure used by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (as this term is defined in IFRS 8) is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as our net (loss) income less income taxes, financial results, Earnings (losses) from associates, depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets. We believe Adjusted EBITDA facilitates company-to-company operating performance comparisons by backing out potential differences caused by variations such as capital structures, taxation and the useful lives and book depreciation and amortization of PP&E and intangible assets, which may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to operating performance. Although Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure defined in accordance with IFRS (a non-GAAP measure), our Management believes that this measure facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period and provides useful information to investors, financial analysts and the public in their evaluation of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA does not have a standardized meaning and, accordingly, our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as used by other companies.

Our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA amounted to P$102,888 million in 2020, representing a decrease of P$2,054 million or 2.0% as compared to P$104,942 million in 2019. Adjusted EBITDA represented 34.1% and 32.5% of our total consolidated revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease can be largely attributed to a decrease in revenues, partially offset by a decrease in almost all operating costs.

Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets decreased P$845 million, amounting to P$82,594 million in 2020 as compared to P$83,439 million in 2019. The decrease was mainly due to the spectrum impairment of P$2,917 million recognized as a result of the Merger in 2019, partially offset by the amortization of capital expenditures incurred in 2020.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets amounted to P$46,386 million and P$54,546 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In 2020, our consolidated operating income amounted to P$20,294 million, representing a decrease of P$1,209 million or 5.6% as compared to 2019. Operating income represented 6.7% of consolidated revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

We incurred in financial losses, net of P$17,643 million in 2020, as compared to a financial loss, net of P$7,251 million in 2019. Financial Results, net in 2020 mainly include losses generated by (i) interest on financial debt measured in real terms of P$14,368 million (vs. P$14,628 million in 2019), (ii) financial debt renegotiation results of P$3,444 million, as a consequence of the partial refinancing of our financial debt (see Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements), (iii) foreign exchange differences measured in real terms of P$1,949 million as a result of a 40.5% devaluation of the Argentine peso against the US dollar vs. a 36.1% inflation (vs. a gain of P$1,888 million in 2019), and (iv) other interests, net and other investments results measured in real terms of P$1,355 million (vs. a gain of P$1,453 million in 2019). These losses were partially offset by a gain on operations with notes and bonds of P$935 million (vs. a loss of P$3,547 million in 2019) and the effect generated by the restatement in current currency, which amounted to a gain of P$5,598 million (vs. P$10,345 million in 2019).

The Company’s income tax charge includes the following effects: (i) the current tax payable for the year pursuant to tax legislation applicable to each of Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries; (ii) the effect of applying the deferred tax method on temporary differences arising out of the asset and liability valuation according to tax versus financial accounting criteria and; (iii) the income tax inflation adjustment in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,468. For more information on income tax, see Note 3 and Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income tax expense amounted to a loss of P$8,251 million in 2020 as compared to a loss of P$19,290 million in 2019. It includes the following effects: (i) regarding current tax expenses, Telecom´s generated tax expense in fiscal years 2020 and 2019, amounting to P$241 million and P$218 million, respectively. (ii) regarding the deferred tax, in 2020 and 2019, Telecom recorded a deferred tax loss of P$8,010 million and P$19,072 million, respectively, which includes the income tax inflation adjustment of P$14,842 million and P$20,685 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively. See “—Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Income Tax Inflation Adjustment”.

Telecom Argentina recorded a net loss of P$5,104 million in 2020 as compared to a net loss of P$5,293 million for 2019 and represents (1.7)% of consolidated revenues as compared to (1.6)% in 2019. The variation was mainly due to the financial losses, net amounting to P$17,643 million and the income tax expense amounting to P$8,251 million, partially offset by an operating income amounting to P$20,294 million.

Net loss attributable to controlling shareholders amounted to P$5,715 million in 2020 as compared to a net loss of P$5,985 million in 2019.

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TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

Net loss for 2019 amounted to P$5,293 million and was mainly affected by the recognition of a loss of P$20,685 million corresponding to the effect of the income tax inflation restatement in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,468. See “—Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Income Tax Inflation Adjustment”.

During 2019, total consolidated revenues decreased 8.3% amounting to P$322,686 million as compared to P$351,948 million in 2018. The decrease in 2019 is mainly a consequence of lower mobile, internet and cable television services revenues and equipment revenues, partially offset by higher fixed and data services revenues.

Services revenues amounted to P$303,030 million in 2019, decreasing 6.8% as compared to P$325,068 million in 2018 and represented 93.9% of consolidated revenues. Equipment revenues amounted to P$19,656 million in 2019 as compared to P$26,880 million in 2018, and represented 6.1% of consolidated revenues.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 increased consolidated revenues by to P$128,505 million and P$214,788 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

For 2019, mobile services revenues amounted to P$111,901 million (a decrease of P$9,102 million or 7.5% as compared to 2018), and our mobile services revenues remained the principal contributor to our total services revenues in 2019 (34.7% of consolidated revenues in 2019 as compared to 34.4% in 2018). The decrease in 2019 was mainly due to lower revenues generated from Personal mobile services in Argentina which amounted to P$96,746 million (a decrease of P$10,253 million or 9.6% compared to 2018), in turn due to a decrease of approximately 3.7% in ARPU, partially offset by an increase in our customer base of 3.4%.

Personal's mobile customers amount to 18.9 million and 18.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of which 7.7 million and 7.2 million, respectively, correspond to postpaid customers, respectively. The main ratios related to the services provided to these customers were:

On June 30, 2019, all services identified under the Nextel brand (including the radio service over IDEN network) were discontinued. We offered customers a new option to continue communicating under the Smart Radio brand, which is a service for direct and immediate voice connections with multimedia messaging for companies and governments. It offers the best benefits of Personal 3G / 4G network and also for Wi-Fi. In addition, hard equipment were incorporated, such as CAT S31 and Cyrus CM17, which have dedicated buttons specially designed for work contexts, either in a construction or in industrial facilities.

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TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

Regarding infrastructure, the Company continued to enhance the mobile internet experience of its customers through the deployment of its 4G and 4G+ network throughout the country, which currently covers more than 1,689 locations from La Quiaca to Ushuaia, and reaching more than 13.6 million customers with 4G devices throughout the country. Accompanying these improvements, through a massive communication campaign, the 4G Personal Network was promoted as the fastest in the country -based on the results of international benchmarks that measure network standards through the worldwide experience of customers-.

On the other hand, in early 2019, Personal and Fibertel brands came together to offer the best Wi-Fi connectivity and 4G service experience, with benefits for Club Personal customers.

Mobile services revenues generated in Paraguay amounted to P$15,155 million in 2019 (vs. P$14,005 million in 2018, representing an 8.2% increase) due to the appreciation of the Guaraní against the Argentine Peso by 32.1% and the increase in ARPU, while the customer base remained stable. The main ratios related to mobile services in Paraguay as of December 31, 2019 were:

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Mobile services revenues amounted to P$44,463 million and P$74,093 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Internet services revenues amounted to P$71,677 million in 2019 (equivalent to 22.2% of total consolidated revenues), decreasing P$7,368 million or 9.3% as compared to P$79,045 million in 2018 and were driven mainly by the variation in the Internet ARPU of (9.7)%, which reached P$1,441.5 in 2019 as compared to P$1,595.8 in 2018. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARPU amounts to P$571.3 and P$971.5 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Customers with service of 20Mb or higher represented 62.4% and 39.3% of the total customer base as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Within this range there are customers who have plans of 100 Mb and 300 Mb (recently released to the market), that as of December 31, 2019 amount to 326,402 and 41,354, respectively.

Internet services churn rate per month amounted to 1.5% and 1.3% as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, maintaining stable the subscriber base in 2019, which amounts to 4.1 million.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in internet services revenues amounted to P$28,614 million and P$48,175 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

PART I - ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

Cable television service revenues amounted to P$67,262 million in 2019 (equivalent to 20.8% of total consolidated revenues), decreasing P$8,276 million or 11% as compared to P$75,538 million in 2018. The decrease was mainly due to lower ARPU. The ARPU amounted to P$1,586.6 in December 2019, decreasing 11.3% as compared to an ARPU of P$1,789.2 in December 2018. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARPU amounts to P$626.5 and P$1,098.6 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in cable television services revenues amounted to P$26,844 million and P$46,148 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Revenues generated by fixed and data services amounted to P$51,137 million in 2019 (equivalent to 15.8% of total consolidated revenues) increasing P$2,655 million or 5.5% as compared to P$48,482 million in 2018. The increase was mainly explained by higher data services in the context of the Company’s position as an integrated ICT service provider (Datacenter, VPN, among others) to wholesale and government customers.

PART I - ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in fixed and data services revenues amounted to P$20,238 million and P$29,383 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In relation to fixed telephony services, monthly fees charged to both corporate and residential fixed telephony customers have increased, and we have also increased sales of combined product packs that include voice and Internet services, which aim to achieve higher levels of customer loyalty. These increases have been partially offset by a 10.2% decrease in our fixed telephony customer base as compared to 2018. The average monthly revenue billed per user (“ARBU”) of fixed telephony services increased to P$602.0 in 2019 from P$567.2 in 2018. The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in ARBU amounts to P$244.4 and P$347.6 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

On the other hand, the increase in Data services revenues is mainly explained by the variation of the $/US$ exchange rate related to agreements settled in such foreign currency.

Equipment revenues amounted to P$19,656 million in 2019 (a decrease of P$7,224 million or 26.9% as compared to 2018). The decrease was mainly due to lower handsets sold as compared to 2018 (34%), partially offset by an approximately 71% increase in handset sales prices to mobile services customers as compared to 2018.

The Company continued to promote the updating of handsets with financed offers and special discounts highlighting the convergence of services.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in equipment revenues amounted to P$7,935 million and P$16,418 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets)

Total operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) decreased P$16,148 million in 2019, amounting to P$217,744 million, representing a 6.9% decrease as compared to 2018. These lower costs are mainly associated with the decrease in Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority, Commissions and advertising, Cost of equipment and handsets and Interconnection and transmission costs, partially offset by an increase in the charge for bad debt expenses.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets) amounted to P$88,099 million and P$143,106 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Employee benefit expenses and severance payments increased P$1,032 million to P$63,348 million in 2019 as compared to P$62,316 million in 2018. The increase was mainly due to increases in salaries agreed by the Company with several trade unions with respect to unionized and non-unionized employees, together with related social security charges, as well as higher charges for dismissals, partially offset by a decrease of 6.4% in headcount, which amounted to 23,728 employees as of December 31, 2019 (as compared to 25,343 as of December 31, 2018).

PART I - ITEM 5 OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Employee benefit expenses and severance payments amounted to P$25,027 million and P$37,913 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Interconnection and transmission costs (including charges for TLRD, Roaming, cost of international outbound calls and lease of circuits) decreased P$1,334 million, amounting to P$10,238 million in 2019 as compared to P$11,572 million in 2018, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to operating efficiencies as of December 31, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018, partially offset by greater traffic and increases in the exchange rate in relation to services set in US$.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Interconnection and transmission costs amounted to P$4,083 million and P$7,022 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies increased P$1,551 million, or 4.5%, amounting to P$36,223 million in 2019 as compared to P$34,672 million in 2018.

Fees for services decreased P$1,143 million in 2019 as a result of synergies and unification of processes within the Company's transformation program, partially offset by increases in the prices of the services contracted to suppliers mainly of Call center, surveillance and cleaning services.

On the other hand, maintenance and material costs increased P$2,694 million in 2019, mainly due to (i) increases in the prices of the services contracted to suppliers related to the maintenance of our networks and systems and home connection and disconnection of customers, among others and (ii) higher consumption of materials associated with the activity.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies amounted to P$14,824 million and P$21,315 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority, including turnover tax, municipal taxes and other taxes, decreased P$3,473 million or 12.2%, amounting to P$25,029 million in 2019 as compared to P$28,502 million in 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the effect of the decrease in sales in 2019, partially offset by the impact of the application of ENACOM Resolution No. 840/18 that introduced changes in the determination of the radio-electric rights fees.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority amounted to P$9,998 million and P$17,375 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Commissions (including commissions paid to agents, prepaid card commissions and others) and advertising decreased P$3,584 million or 15.3%, amounting to P$19,893 million in 2019 as compared to P$23,477 million in 2018. The decrease was due to lower charges for agent commissions as a result of the reordering of the sales channel, lower equipment sales and a slight decrease in advertising due to the synergies after the Merger of 2018 that allowed reducing costs even with greater presence in various media, partially offset by higher collections fees.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Commissions and advertising amounted to P$7,868 million and P$14,254 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cost of equipment and handsets sold decreased P$5,611 million, amounting to P$14,634 million in 2019 as compared to P$20,245 million in 2018. The decrease was mainly due to lower handsets sold as compared to 2018 (-34%), partially offset by the increase in the purchase prices of handsets.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Cost of equipment and handsets amounted to P$6,897 million and P$12,987 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Programming and content costs decreased slightly by P$910 million, amounting to P$24,548 million in 2019 as compared to P$25,458 million in 2018. The decrease was mainly due to increased operative efficiencies in 2019, partially offset by the increase in the cost of signals, including the cost of signals to broadcast live soccer matches of the first division of the Argentine Football Association (“AFA”).

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Programming and content costs amounted to P$9,789 million and P$15,513 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Bad debt expenses increased P$1,232 million, amounting to P$8,619 million in 2019, representing approximately 2.7% and 2.1% of the consolidated revenues in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was mainly driven related to the reduction in the level of collections.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Bad debt expenses amounted to P$3,466 million and P$4,480 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other operating expenses (which include provisions, energy and other public services, insurance, leases and internet capacity, among others) decreased P$5,051 million amounting to P$15,212 million in 2019 as compared to P$20,263 million in 2018. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in operating leases of P$5,010 million due to the application of IFRS 16, partially offset by higher energy costs.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Other operating expenses amounts to P$6,147 million and P$12,247 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table shows the reconciliation of Net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA:

Our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA amounted to P$104,942 million in 2019, representing a decrease of P$13,114 million or 11.1% as compared to P$118,056 million in 2018. Adjusted EBITDA represented 32.5% and 33.5% of our total consolidated revenues in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease can be largely attributed to a decrease in revenues, partially offset by a decrease in Cost of equipment, Commissions and advertising, Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority and other operating costs.

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Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets increased P$9,904 million, amounting to P$83,439 million in 2019 as compared to P$73,535 million in 2018. The increase was mainly due to the impact of CAPEX amortization and the P$4,553 million effect of the application of IFRS 16 as of January 1, 2019, partially offset by assets that have discontinued amortizing in 2019.

During 2019, we recognized a spectrum impairment of P$2,917 million, which was related to the incorporation into the Company as a result of the Merger and impairment of other fixed assets amounting to P$573 million. In 2018, we recorded an impairment in the amount of P$3,401 million related to the brand Arnet because the Company decided to discontinue the use of this brand, unifying all the broadband customers under the brand Fibertel, and other fixed assets of P$978 million.

The effect generated by the restatement in current currency as of December 31, 2020 included in Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets amounted to P$54,546 million and P$51,366 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In 2019, our consolidated operating income amounted to P$21,503 million, representing a decrease of P$23,018 million or (51.7)% as compared to 2018. Operating income represented 6.7% and 12.6% of consolidated revenues in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We incurred financial losses, net of P$7,251 million in 2019, as compared to a financial loss, net of P$39,364 million in 2018. The reduction in financial losses, net was mainly due to lower foreign currency exchange net losses, measured in current currency, of P$60,986 million in 2019 (due to the depreciation of the peso against the US$ during 2019 of 59% as compared to an inflation of 54% while in 2018 the depreciation of the Peso against the US$ was 102% as compared to an inflation of 48%). This reduction in financial losses was partially offset by higher interest on debts of P$5,513 million, mainly due to the partial refinancing of our financial debt, higher losses related to our holding of Government bonds of P$5,181 million and a lower restatement effect in terms of current currency of P$17,726 million (P$10,345 million in 2019 and P$28,071 million in 2018).

The Company’s income tax charge includes the following effects: (i) the current tax payable for the year pursuant to tax legislation applicable to each of Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries; (ii) the effect of applying the deferred tax method on temporary differences arising out of the asset and liability valuation according to tax versus financial accounting criteria and iii) the income tax inflation adjustment in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,468 in 2019. For more information on income tax, see Note 3 and Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income tax expense amounted to P$19,290 million in 2019 compared to income tax benefit of P$5,943 million in 2018. It includes the following effects: (i) regarding current tax expenses, Telecom generated tax expense in fiscal year 2019, resulting in an income tax payable of P$218 million; (ii) regarding the deferred tax, in 2019 and 2018, Telecom recorded a deferred tax gain of P$1,613 million and a gain of P$5,943 million, respectively; and (iii) regarding the income tax inflation adjustment, Telecom recorded a loss of P$20,685 million in 2019. See “—Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Income Tax Inflation Adjustment”.

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Telecom Argentina recorded a net loss of P$5,293 million in 2019, compared to net income of P$11,594 million in 2018. The net loss in 2019 was mainly affected by the recognition of a loss of P$20,685 million corresponding to the effect of the income tax inflation restatement in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,468. See “—Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Income Tax Inflation Adjustment”.

Net loss attributable to controlling shareholders amounted to P$5,985 million in 2019 as compared to a net income of P$11,089 million in 2018.

We expect the main sources of Telecom Argentina’s liquidity in the near term to be cash flows from Telecom Argentina’s operations and cash flows from financing from third parties, which may include accessing to domestic and international capital markets and obtaining financing from financial institutions. Telecom Argentina’s principal uses of cash flows are expected to be capital expenditures, operating expenses, dividend payments to its shareholders, payments of financial debt and for general corporate purposes. Telecom Argentina expects working capital, funds generated from operations, dividend payments from its subsidiaries and financing from third parties to be sufficient. Telecom Argentina assumes that it will be able to access the domestic and international capital markets in 2021 to refinance its outstanding debt. However, this remains uncertain as of the date of this Annual Report. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors— We may be unable to refinance our outstanding indebtedness, or the refinancing terms may be materially less favorable than their current terms, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

For more information about Telecom’s financing facilities (including currency, maturity, interest rate structure and amortization schedule), see Notes 13 and 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Contractual Obligations”.

In order to meet the requirements arising from the renegotiation of the Company's financial debts, which involves significant payments in cash, on July 15, 2020 the Company entered into a trust agreement with TMF Trust Company (Uruguay), in its capacity as trustee, for the provision of funds and the administration of payments to creditors.

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By the end of July 2020, the Company disbursed to the Trust a total amount of US$273 million. The Trust has made the following payments in cash during the last quarter of 2020:

On November 5, 2020, the Trust Administration Committee notified the termination of the trust to the Trustee, since the purpose of the Trust had been fulfilled and pending expenses were paid. Also, according to its contractual terms, the Trustee was instructed to proceed to transfer its remaining assets in accordance with the instructions provided by the Trust Administration Committee, after deducting a minimum amount to face future termination and settlement expenses of the Trust. On that date, the Trust transferred, as remaining trust assets, US$45.5 million Treasury Bonds of the United States to the subsidiary Televisión Dirigida in compliance with pre-existing obligations.

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, Telecom enters into NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of, mainly, exchange and interest rates. For more information about Telecom’s NDF agreements, see Note 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The table below summarizes, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Telecom’s consolidated cash flows:

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we had P$18,527 million, P$34,827 million and P$14,432 million in cash and cash equivalents, respectively.

Cash flows provided by operating activities were P$101,325 million, P$111,542 million and P$70,383 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in 2020 was mainly due to lower revenues and collections of services provided to our customers as a consequence of the pandemic, partially offset by lower operating costs payments. The increase in 2019 was mainly driven by higher collections of services provided to our customers, partially offset by higher payments of trade, social and fiscal debts.

Cash flows used in investing activities were P$83,141 million, P$60,976 million and P$47,277 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in 2020 was mainly due to an increase in investment not considered as cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by a decrease in payments of PP&E acquisitions. The increase in 2019 was mainly due to a decrease in investment not considered as cash and cash equivalents, while payments of PP&E acquisitions remained stable.

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Cash flows used in financing activities were P$35,814 million in 2020, P$34,093 million in 2019 and P$30,344 million in 2018. The variation in 2020 was explained by lower cash dividend payments, partially offset by higher payment of financial debt, interest and related expenses and a decrease in proceeds from financial debt . The variation in 2019 was explained by lower dividend payments and higher financial debt payments, partially offset by higher proceeds from financial debt. The increase in 2018 was mainly due to higher dividend payments, partially offset by higher proceeds from financial debt.

The liquidity position of Telecom Argentina is and will be significantly dependent on its operating performance, its indebtedness, capital expenditure programs and collection of dividends, from its subsidiaries, if any.

Telecom’s working capital breakdown and its main variations are disclosed below:

Telecom and its subsidiaries have a typical working capital structure corresponding to a company with intensive capital that obtains spontaneous financing from its suppliers (especially PP&E) for longer terms than those it provides to its customers. According to this, the negative operating working capital amounted to P$52,787 million as of December 31, 2020 (increasing P$4,860 million vs. December 31, 2019).

During years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Telecom continued obtaining funds to the financial market used to pay its investments, operative working capital, and other corporative expenses and refinancing part of its financial debts within the framework of its permanent policy of optimizing the term, rate and structure of its financial debts. Telecom has an excellent credit rating. The Company has several financing sources and several offers from first-class international institutions to diversify its current funding structure, which includes accessing to domestic and international capital market and obtaining competitive bank loans in what relates to terms and financial costs. For further information, see Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Telecom manages its cash and cash equivalents and its financial assets trying to match the term of investments with those of its obligations. Its cash and cash equivalent position is invested in highly liquid short-term instruments.

To protect itself from changes in market conditions that could constrain its access to funding under certain circumstances, Telecom maintains certain minimum cash and liquid assets balances in its normal course of business. Telecom had consolidated cash and cash equivalents amounting to P$18,527 million (US$220 million) and P$34,827 million (US$409 million) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Telecom has bank credits and a program of Notes (See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements) that allow to finance its short-term obligations and an investment plan in addition to the operative cash flow for the next years.

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TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

Telecom Argentina’s General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on November 13, 2020 resolved:

1) To distribute dividends in non-cash assets as follows: i) Global Bonds of the Argentine Republic amortizable U.S. dollars maturing on July 9, 2030 (the “2030 Global Bonds”), for a nominal value of US$157,642,897, and ii) Global Bonds of the Argentine Republic amortizable in U.S. dollars maturing on July 9, 2035 (the “2035 Global Bonds”) for a nominal value of US$271,896,177.

2) Consequently, and considering that the valuation of the mentioned non-cash assets dividends was P$24,723,374,678 (P$25,713 million in current currency as of December 31, 2020), the “Voluntary Reserve for Future Cash Dividends” which in current currency as of December 31, 2020, amounted to P$6,600 million, was fully withdrawn, and the “Voluntary Reserve to maintain the Company’s level of investments in capital assets and the current level of solvency” was partially withdrawn in the amount of P$19,113 million in current currency as of December 31, 2020.

Our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operations in order to satisfy our indebtedness and capital expenditure needs may be affected by macroeconomic factors influencing our business, including, without limitation, the rate at which Argentine Pesos can be exchanged for U.S. dollars and rates of inflation, among others. These factors are not within our control. Certain statements expressed in this section constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve risks and uncertainties, including those described in this Annual Report in “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors”. Actual results may differ materially from our expectations described above as a result of various factors.

We estimate that our capital expenditures in 2021 will be of approximately US$610 million, as compared to US$680 million in 2020 (which represented 18.6% of our consolidated revenues).

With respect to mobile services, investments were oriented mainly to the deployment of 4G technology, to achieve increasing coverage and capacity in various cities of Argentina. This objective was reached through the settlement in new sites, together with replacement and modernization of existent sites.

With respect to fixed access network, in 2020 we reaffirmed our decision to focus our investments in technologies and solutions to substantially increase broadband offered to users, mainly with GPON (FTTH) technology deployed in different regions of Argentina. Our work plans allow to satisfy the service requirements for business, large buildings, and urban developments.

With respect to transport network, continuing with plans carried out in previous years, investments were completed for the deployment of new interurban paths of optical fiber, the increase Backbone IP capacity, the set-up of new contents POPs, the increase of capacity and availability of DWDM network, as well as the network transformation plan to converge to a single high-capacity network. New equipment was also installed for the Metro Ethernet network and for the development and extension of the regional transport networks, mainly in PTN (Packet Transport Network).

See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks relating to Telecom and its Operations—We face substantial and increasing competition in the Argentine fixed and mobile telephony, cable television and Internet businesses”. We expect to finance our capital expenditures through cash generated from our operations, cash on hand and financing from third parties; therefore, our ability to fund these expenditures is dependent on, among other factors, our ability to generate sufficient funds from operations. Telecom’s ability to generate sufficient funds for capital expenditures is also dependent on its ability to increase its service prices, the increase of its operating costs due to inflation and the increase of the cost of imported materials in Peso terms as a result of the devaluation of the Peso/U.S. dollar and higher inflation.

We began 2020 with an unprecedented and challenging scenario for humanity as a whole amid the health crisis triggered by COVID-19. Governments throughout the world have implemented drastic social isolation measures to safeguard their people. In an attempt to curb the extent of the spread and protect the population, governments closed public and private institutions, restricted the movement of the population, closed their borders, and banned massive shows and sports events, among many other measures.

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In Argentina, through an Emergency Decree issued on March 20, 2020, the National Government established a series of measures aimed at reducing the movement of the population to minimize the massive impact of the pandemic on the health system. To this end, the National Government ordered the ASPO jointly with the suspension of non-essential commercial activities, which allowed the movement of only those people involved in the provision/production of essential services and products. The ASPO has been modified depending on the evolution of the epidemiological situation in different regions of Argentina, with progress and setbacks in the levels of restriction on the movement of people and in the economic activities allowed by the Government.

By the end of 2019, Argentina was already experiencing difficulties, which have worsened as a result of the pandemic after several months of ASPO. The macroeconomic variables continued to deteriorate, coupled with an economic slowdown and recession in several sectors of the national economy. For most of the companies in Argentina, the current environment is expected to cause a further deterioration of the economic variables, which poses a highly challenging beginning of 2021 for the sustainability of their businesses.

During the second half of 2020, there was a further acceleration of the monthly devaluation rate above the inflation rate. The economic-financial performance of Telecom, and other companies that operate in Argentina, are not impervious to the impact of these exchange rate fluctuations, especially considering that, since we operate in the local market, the main source of our revenues is in Argentine Pesos, while we need to continue investing, with dollarized inputs, in the deployment of infrastructure and systems in order to maintain and enhance the capacity of our networks and platforms.

In this sense, the economic scenario has forced us to strongly focus our management on achieving operational efficiencies to maintain growth levels in line with the investments undertaken.

In addition to the complex macroeconomic context in Argentina, there is greater uncertainty for ICT services companies arising from the issuance of Decree No. 690/20, whereby the PEN declared ICT services as public services provided on a competitive basis.

Telecom, as well as the whole ICT services industry, believes that this change of rules in the regulatory framework of the industry will have a detrimental effect since, apart from unnecessarily declaring ICT as public services, the Decree introduces, among other provisions, price controls, transforming prices set on a competitive basis into rates that are regulated by the Government, which could affect the sustainability of the operations.

We understand that this Decree could have a negative impact not only on the ICT services industry as a whole -capital intensive companies that require ongoing investments to maintain the quality of the service-, but also on investors, hundreds of thousands of employees throughout the country that work at these companies, customers, and the entire value chain, also affecting all other industries and sectors that depend on connectivity to develop their activities. Hence, it could have an impact on the whole digital ecosystem, an essential sector for the recovery of Argentina. We believe it is key to further the path towards cooperation between private and public sectors and civil society organizations in order to continue expanding the digitalization possibilities for society as a whole.

However, Telecom continues to invest in the evolution of the business with a long-term approach that will allow us to further boost the digital life of Argentines. Digitalization has already become part of everyday life for individuals and organizations. It is unthinkable that the world will go back to solely face-to-face interactions. In the new normality, everybody wants a world in which face-to-face and virtual interactions are supplemented and boosted.

With a view to developing an ecosystem of platforms built upon connectivity, we have been undergoing a comprehensive digital transformation which was boosted significantly during the pandemic. During these months, we have accomplished great milestones in the upgrade of our core platforms, focused on the omni-channel experience of our customers and on the transformation of the back office of all the areas, which allowed us to quickly and timely implement digital tools to meet the needs of our customers in this context of isolation.

We have also managed to ensure the continuity of the Company's operations, thanks to the remote work and efforts of our 23,000 employees in order to minimize the possible deterioration of our results as a consequence of this scenario, while maintaining the service and satisfaction level of our more than 29 million customers.

During February 2021, we set-up the first 5G network in Argentina, putting into operation 10 mobile antennas in the cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario to use with suitable devices. The 5G network allows speeds of 10Gbps, provides greater capacity, coverage and features for connected devices than 4G and 4.5G networks.

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Finally, from a financial point of view, during this year, thanks to the support of the national and international financial markets in relation to our credit strength and in our business strategy, we were able to refinance part of our financial debt. We issued new Notes for a nominal value of US$388,9 million due in August 2025, and during September 2020, it refinanced several loans with multilateral agencies. In the local financial market we issued new Notes denominated in Argentine Pesos for approximately P$14,100 million in December 2020 and P$8,700 million in January 2021. These measures have allowed us to considerably improve the capital structure of the Company.

During 2021, we expect to further our transformation path, accomplishing new milestones towards the full digitalization of our operations to become more efficient, agile and digital, to continue boosting in our country the growth of digital economy and generating value for our customers.

Our consolidated contractual obligations and purchase commitments as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

See the discussion at the beginning of this Item 5 and “Forward-Looking Statements” in the introduction of this Annual Report, for forward-looking statement safe harbor provisions.

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TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

The direction and management of Telecom Argentina is vested in the Board of Directors and its executive officers. Telecom Argentina’s bylaws were amended at the Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on August 31, 2017 providing for a Board of Directors consisting of (i) no fewer than eleven and no more than seventeen directors and (ii) the same or a lesser number of alternate members. This amendment was recorded with the IGJ on August 30, 2018.

As of the date of this Annual Report, Telecom Argentina has eleven directors and eleven alternate directors. Three of the directors and two of the alternate directors qualify as independent directors under SEC regulations. Four of the directors and three of the alternate directors also qualify as independent directors under CNV rules. According to Telecom Argentina’s bylaws, the Board of Directors has all of the required authority to manage the corporation, including those for which the law requires special powers. The Board of Directors operates when there is a quorum of the absolute majority of its members and resolves issues by simple majority of votes present, provided that in respect of certain matters (the “Supermajority Matters”) the favorable vote of at least one Director proposed for designation by the Class A and one Director proposed for designation by the Class D is required to pass a resolution. According to Telecom Argentina’s bylaws, the chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Chairman”) has a double vote in the case of a tie, except in respect of Supermajority Matters. Under CNV regulation, in order to be independent, a director must neither be employed by, nor affiliated with, Telecom Argentina, CVH or Fintech. Directors and alternate directors are normally elected at annual ordinary general meetings of shareholders (“Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings”) and serve a renewable three-year term. The term of the current directors will expire on December 31, 2020. Nevertheless, according to Section 257 of Argentine Corporations Law, they will remain in their functions until they are replaced. None of Telecom Argentina’s directors have services contracts with Telecom Argentina (or any subsidiary) providing for benefits upon termination of employment as a director.

On January 31, 2018 the Board of Directors approved the internal rules of the Executive Committee, —the Rules of the Executive Committee (“Reglamento de Facultades y Funcionamiento”)— provided for in Section 13 of our Bylaws. The Executive Committee in charge of the approval, inter alia, of matters in the ordinary course of business, but without executive responsibilities which shall be in charge of the managers of the Company, the preliminary approval of significant plans, approval of the Business Plan and Annual Budget of the Company and also certain other duties. The Executive Committee is comprised of five members, all of which must be members of the Board of Directors of our Company. The Executive Committee takes all of its resolutions by the unanimous vote of all its members, and in case such consent is not obtained in respect of any matter, such matter is posted for approval of the Board of Directors.

As established in the Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement between CVH and Fintech, for so long as CVH holds a certain percentage of Telecom Argentina shares, CVH shall be entitled to designate the majority of the directors, alternate directors, members of the Supervisory Committee, Executive Committee members, Audit Committee members, the CEO and any other Key Employees (other than the CFO and the Internal Auditor, who shall be designated by Fintech). CVH shall also be entitled to nominate the Chairman of the Board and Fintech to nominate de Vice Chairman of the Board. In the absence of a director, the corresponding alternate director may attend and vote at meetings of the Board of Directors.

See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement” for a description of certain agreements relating to the appointment of members of the Board of Directors.

The following table lists our directors and alternate directors as of December 31, 2020 and as of the date of this Annual Report:

PART I - ITEM 6 DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

TELECOM ARGENTINA S.A.

The following table lists the members of our Executive Committee as of December 31, 2020:

Carlos Alberto Moltini is an accountant with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was appointed CEO of the Company in November 2017. On January 1, 2020 he ceased his function as CEO and became a member of the Board of Directors of Telecom and a member of its Executive Committee. Until the merger, Mr. Moltini had been a member of the Board of Directors of Cablevisión since October 2006 and General Manager of Cablevision from November 2006 to November 2017. Before that, Mr. Moltini was the General Manager of Multicanal S.A. and, before that, he was the CFO of Arte Radiotelevisivo Argentino S.A. (“Artear”) for seven years, a leading broadcasting channel in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, owned by Grupo Clarín. Previously, Mr. Moltini worked for Bagley Argentina S.A. and other broadcasting companies. He was born on November 16, 1960.

Mariano Marcelo Ibáñez is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company from March 2016 until January 1, 2018. He is currently the Vice Chairman and member of the Executive Committee. Previously, he was Director of Cablecom and as Chairman and acting CEO of Cablevisión. He was a Director of Multimedios América (Cablevisión, Radio América, Radio del Plata, El Cronista and América TV). He was born on August 25, 1959.

Alejandro Alberto Urricelqui is an Accountant with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires, and has a Master Degree in Finance. He was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company from January 1^st, 2018 until May 21, 2020. He is a member of the Executive Committee. He was the Chairman of Cablevisión until it was merged into the Company. Mr. Urricelqui joined Grupo Clarín in 1990. As Chief Financial Officer, he participated in the business expansion and integration of Grupo Clarín’s media and telecommunications, including the acquisition of Cablevision in 2006 and its merger with Multicanal S.A., and in Grupo Clarín’s initial public offering in 2007. He was born on October 16, 1959.

Sebastian Bardengo graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires with a degree in Business Administration and has a specialization in Administration and Management from Harvard University. He has been member of the Board of Directors of the Company and a member of the Executive Committee since January 2018. He has been director of Cablevisión Holding S.A. since 2017. He is currently chairman of the board of directors of Cablevisión Holding S.A. He has been Manager of Corporate Business at Grupo Clarín and member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Clarín and several of its subsidiaries. Previously, he worked for more than 20 years in investment and commercial banking, including the following positions: (i) director at Bank Boston Capital, a private equity fund with investments in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile; (b) executive Director at Bozano Simonsen Latinamerica S.A., a leading Brazilian investment bank; (c) founding partner of Buenos Aires Advisors, a financial advisory and mergers and Acquisitions advisory firm. In addition, Mr. Bardengo was appointed as financial expert in international arbitration courts such as CIADI (Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones) and CNUDMI (Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional). He was born on May 15, 1966.

Damián F. Cassino is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He is a partner at the Argentine law firm Saénz Valiente & Asociados. Mr. Cassino specializes in complex litigation and antitrust law. He currently is a director of Telecom and, until December 31, 2019, he was a member of its Executive Committee. He is also a member of the board of directors of various companies, including GC Dominio S.A. He was born on January 16, 1969.

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Carlos Alejandro Harrison is a Business Administrator with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and completed postgraduate studies at IAE Business School. He has been a member of the Board of Directors since March 2016 and is a member of the Company’s Audit Committee. Previously, he was President of Producciones YAQ S.A. and President of Business Development for AMC Networks International. Before that, he was the General Manager of Chello Latin America and Pramer SCA (both controlled by Liberty Global plc). Mr. Harrison also worked for Grupo Clarín S.A. as a Business Development Manager and was the Director of for International Operations at Multicanal S.A. He was born on January 19, 1963.

Martín Héctor D’Ambrosio is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He has been a member of the Board of Directors since March 2016 and he is also a member of the Company’s Audit Committee. He currently is Managing Partner at GS1 S.R.L. and legal advisor to several companies. Previously, he worked with the legal firm Dellepiane & Asociados, and for many years, he was in charge of the legal area of US Equities Realty. He was born on March 9, 1974.

Germán Horacio Vidal is an industrial engineer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. He has been a member of the Board of Directors since January 2018 and is a member of the Company’s Audit Committee and Executive Committee. He was the CEO of Grupo Telecom Argentina from May 2016 until November 2017. Between 1987 and 1997, he worked in different management positions at IBM in Argentina and Europe. From 1997 to 2004, he worked at MetroRED first as Marketing and Sales Director and then as General Manager of the Argentine branch, and Vice Chairman and General Manager of the operations in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. In 2003, with CoInvest as the main shareholder, he was appointed CEO of said company and participated on the Board of Directors of CTI. Afterwards, upon the sale of MetroRED, he was appointed Director of Marketing, Products, Customer Care and Data Center in Telmex Argentina. From 2005 to 2016, he worked at Korn Ferry consultants as a Senior Client Partner, General Director and Chairman. He was born on December 27, 1963.

Luca Luciani has a degree in Economics and Trade from LUISS University (Rome). He has been a member of the Board of Directors since January 31, 2018. Luca Luciani was the Managing Director and CEO of Value Partners, a multinational Italian consultancy firm operating through a network of 250 professionals around the world, until November 2018. During 15 years, since 1999, he built a comprehensive experience as manager of telecommunications businesses, among others: CEO of Tim Brazil, General Manager of Telecom Italia domestic business, Group controller and CFO of Tim, Vice President Marketing and Sales of TI Group and CTO of Mobile. Previously, Mr. Luciani has more than10 years of experience in different sectors and positions, such as Group Controller of Enel, Manager of Procter & Gamble and consultant in Bain&Company network. He was born on November 2, 1967.

Baruki L.A. González is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. Mr. González joined the Board of Directors of Sofora, Nortel, Telecom Argentina and Personal in April 2016 (Sofora, Personal and Nortel were merged into Telecom Argentina). Mr. González is a founding member of the Argentine law firm Errecondo, González & Funes that provides services as legal counsel to the Company. Between 1995 and 1996, he worked as an international associate at the United States law firm White & Case LLP. He is a member of the Public Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires (Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal) and of the Buenos Aires City Bar (Colegio de Abogados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires). He was born on July 29, 1967.

Eduardo Enrique de Pedro is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He has been member of the Telecom Argentina’s Board of Directors since June 4, 2020, designated at the proposal of ANSES —FGS. He was born on November 11, 1976.

María Lucila Romero is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. She is a partner at the Argentine law firm Saénz Valiente & Asociados. She specializes in corporate law, particularly mergers and acquisitions. She has been a member of the board of directors in various companies. Mss. Romero currently serves as director of GC Dominio S.A. and as alternate director of Telecom. She was born on August 12, 1967.

Sebastián Ricardo Frabosqui Díaz is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, has a Master’s Degree in Law and Economics at Universidad Torcuato Di Tella and a Master in Laws (LL.M) degree at Northwestern University. He has been an alternate director since January 2018. He is a partner at the law firm Sáenz Valiente & Asociados. He specializes in Mergers & Acquisitions, general corporate consultancy, debt restructuring and capital markets. Between 2009 and 2010, he worked as foreign associate in the firms Fox, Horan & Camerini and Arnold & Porter at their respective offices in New York and Washington D.C. He was born on February 14, 1978.

Claudia I. Ostergaard is a lawyer with a degree from Universidad del Salvador. She is a partner at the Argentine law firm Saénz Valiente & Asociados. She specializes in civil, commercial and administrative law, particularly, damage liability in litigation cases. She has been a member of the board of directors of various companies. She was born on May 29, 1974.

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Ignacio José María Sáenz Valiente is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina and partner at the Argentine law firm Saénz Valiente & Asociados that provides services as legal counsel to the Company. Mr. Sáenz Valiente specializes in corporate law, particularly local and international acquisitions and wealth management. He currently is a member of the board of directors of various companies, including GC Dominio S.A., Cablevisión Holding S.A., Geisha Bienes Raíces S.A., Purity Polo S.A., Grupo A1 SRL, ENVO Biogas Tonder As/p, Envo Biogas AAbenraa As/p and, since January 1, 2020, he is an alternate director of Telecom. He was born on December 21, 1975.

José Carlos Cura is an economist graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and holds a degree in Administration from the IAE Business School of Universidad Austral. He has been an alternate director since April 2017. He currently works as an independent financial and real estate advisor. He started his carrier in the financial business at Lloyds Bank, where he worked for different departments, including the Treasury Department. He was born on September 25, 1962.

Miguel Angel Graña is a Certified Public Accountant who graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires with post-graduate studies at Harvard University. He has been an alternate director since January 2018 and was a director of Telecom Personal (merged into Telecom Argentina) from March 2016 to November 2017. He is the Chairman of Compañía de Inversiones y Mandatos S.A. and Managing Partner at Megraso SRL. Previously, he was Managing Director at J. P. Morgan in charge of M&A at the Buenos Aires office and Chairman at the Nokia distributor in Argentina. He was born on December 15, 1957.

Facundo Goslino is a lawyer from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina and has a Master of Laws degree (LL.M.) from Cornell Law School, New York. He is an alternate director of Telecom since January 31, 2018. He is a partner at “EGFA Abogados” law firm. He also is a member of the board of directors and of the supervisory committee of other Argentine companies, mainly in the energy and gas distribution sectors. Mr. Goslino worked at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton in 2006 as international associate. He is a member of the Public Bar Association of the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal). He was born on January 19, 1975.

Lucrecia María Delfina Moreira Savino is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. She has been an alternate director since January 2018. Ms. Moreira Savino is an associate of the law firm “EGFA Abogados”. She is also currently an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee of Caterpillar Financial Services S.A., PPG Industries Argentina SRL, Desarrolladora Energética S.A., Empresa Distribuidora La Plata S.A., AESEBA S.A.U., AES Pampa S.A.U., Salta Inversiones Eléctricas S.A., Empresa Distribuidora de Energía Sur S.A., Empresa Distribuidora de Energía Norte S.A., Inversora Eléctrica de Buenos Aires S.A., Infraestructura Energética del Plata S.A., Empresa Distribuidora de Energía Atlántica S.A, Buenos Aires Energy Company SAU, Luz de la Plata SAU and Compañía de Inversiones en Electricidad S.A. She was born on March 2, 1974.

Saturnino Jorge Funes is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad del Salvador and a Master’s degree in business law from the Universidad Austral, with honors. He is a founding partner of the law firm “EGFA Abogados”. He worked at Shearman & Sterling LLP between 2000 and 2001 as an international associate. He is professor of corporate law at the Universidad del Salvador Law School in Buenos Aires, and a professor at the Masters in Finance and Masters in Law and Economics, both at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella in Buenos Aires. He is a member of the Public Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires (Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal) and of the Buenos Aires City Bar (Colegio de Abogados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires). He was born on August 6, 1968.

Carolina Susana Curzi is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. She is an alternate director of Telecom since January 31, 2018. She is a partner at “EGFA - Abogados” law firm. She also is a member of the Board of Directors and of the supervisory committee of other Argentine companies, mainly in the energy and gas distribution sectors. She is a member of the Public Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires (Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal). She was born on March 14, 1976.

Juan Santiago Fraschina is an economist graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He has been an alternate member of the Telecom Argentina’s Board of Directors since June 4, 2020, designated at the proposal of ANSES —FGS. He was born on January 14, 1977.

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As of December 31, 2020, Telecom’s senior Management team includes the individuals listed below. Unless otherwise noted, these individuals are members of Telecom’s senior Management as of the date of this Annual Report.

Roberto D. Nobile is a Certified Public Accountant with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and an AMP (Advanced Management Program) at Harvard Business School. He was appointed as General Sub - Director of the Company on November 27, 2017. Previously, he had been COO of the Company since May 2016 in charge of Marketing, Sales and Operations. Mr. Nobile has many years of experience in the telecommunications and media sector. In October 2006, he joined Cablevisión, where he worked for 10 years, as COO and Deputy Managing Director. He joined Arthur Andersen in 1989. Subsequently, he worked at Honeywell as South Regional Controller (Brazil, Argentina and Chile). In 1997, he was CFO of Arte Gráfico Editorial Argentino S.A. He was born on September 27, 1967.

Gabriel P. Blasi holds a degree in Business Administration and took post-graduate programs in Finance at Universidad del CEMA-Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos Argentinos and at IAE (Universidad Austral). He held several managerial positions in Investment Banking and Capital Markets at Citibank and Banco Río (BSCH). He was the CFO of Grupo Carrefour in Argentina and Goyaique S.A.C.I.F. y A. (Grupo Pérez Companc). Until 2011, he was the CFO of IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima (IRS), Cresud S.A.C.I.F. y A. (CRESY) and Alto Palermo S.A. (IRSCP) and held several board positions in Argentina, Brazil, New Zealand, Uruguay and USA. He joined Telecom Argentina on September 2017, where he holds the position of Chief Financial Officer. He was born on November 22, 1960.

Hernán P. Verdaguer is a lawyer specialized in Corporate Law. He did a Postgraduate Program on Communications Law Update (Facultad de Derecho - Universidad de Buenos Aires) and a Postgraduate Program on Business Management (Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, UADE). He was appointed Director of Regulatory Affairs of the Company on November 16, 2017. He joined Diario Clarín in 1994 and then with the creation of Grupo Clarín, he held several positions until becoming Manager of Regulatory Affairs. He held such position until November 2017, when he joined Telecom Argentina. He was born on May 16, 1968.

Pedro Lopez Matheu is a lawyer with a degree from the Universidad Católica Argentina. Mr. Lopez Matheu has 20 years of experience in the institutional relations in first-line multinational and national companies. From 1996 to 2006 worked at Grupo Clarín as Public Affairs Manager. He was Chairman of the Newspaper Publisher Association of the City of Buenos Aires, and of the Press Freedom Commission of ADEPA (Asociación de Entidades Periodísticas Argentinas), Vice Chairman of the Association of Argentine Private Radios, and of other national and multinational entities of that sector. From 2006 to 2014 he was Corporate and Government Affairs at Kraft Foods and Mondelez, leading company of food and, for Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay. Also, since 2014, he had been Corporate Affairs Director at AXION Energy until he joined the Company. He was born on May 23, 1966.

Pablo C. Casey is a lawyer with a degree from Universidad de Buenos Aires and holds a Master’s Degree in Law and Economics from Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. He was appointed Director of Legal and Institutional Affairs of Telecom Argentina on November 16, 2017. Previously, he was a member of the Board of Directors of Cablevisión since October 2006. He worked at Grupo Clarín directly and indirectly since 1986 as Manager of Institutional Affairs. Mr. Casey also worked at Estudio Sáenz Valiente y Asociados until 1997, where he worked directly with Grupo Clarín. Between 1997 and 2005, he was the Manager of Legal Affairs of Multicanal. Mr. Casey was also a member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Clarín. He was born on June 20, 1967.

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Sebastian Palla is an economist with a degree from the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. He is Director of Procurement of Telecom Argentina since August 8, 2016. From 2009 to 2016 he worked at Macro Bank as an advisor of the Chairman first, later in the Investment Banking Management area and finally in the Government Banking Management area. From 2006 to 2009, he was in charge of the union of AFJP, first as Executive Director, and later as a Chairman. From 2002 to 2005, he was Chief of Advisor to the Ministry of Finance and then Sub-secretary of Finance of the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance. Mr. Palla was honored as a member of the Young Global Leaders Forum in 2005 (created by the World Economic Forum), also a member of the Eisenhower Fellowship in 2008; and was identified as one of the most influential people of 2007, in Luciana Vazquez’ s book “The Education of Those Who Influence”. He was born on June 12, 1974.

Sergio D. Faraudo is a lawyer from Universidad Nacional de La Plata and holds a Master’s Degree in Economics and Political Science from ESEADE. He has been the Director of Human Capital of Telecom Argentina since November 2017. Between 2015 and 2017, he was the Corporate Director of Human Resources of Grupo Clarín. Between 2001 and 2015, he held managerial positions in Human Resources Areas at PSA Peugeot Citroën in Argentina, Spain, France and Brazil, including two years as Industrial Director of the local subsidiary. Between 1991 and 1995, he held a position in the Human Resources Management area at Telecom Argentina. Between 1987 and 1989, he was granted two scholarships from the French Government to study Law, New Technologies and Government Modernization. He was born on January 7, 1964.

Gonzalo Hita holds a degree in Marketing from the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE). He also took several specialization courses and programs for upper management at institutions such as IAE Business School (PAD), ESADE Business & Law School, and Universidad del CEMA. He was appointed COO of the Company on November 16, 2017. At Cablevisión, he held, among others, the position of COO and, previously, he had been the Commercial Director since 2000. Mr. Gonzalo Hita was born on June 28, 1970.

Miguel Angel Fernández is an Electronic Engineer from the Universidad de Bahía Blanca and also holds an EMBA Program from IAE (2000 — 2001). He was appointed CTO (Chief Technical Officer) of Telecom Argentina on November 16, 2017. He hold the same position at Cablevisión since 2007. Between 1994 and 2006, he was the Technical Manager of Multicanal. Between 1990 and 1994, he was the Field Engineer at Western Atlas Petroleum Service Co. He was born on June 10, 1963.

Alejandro Miralles is an economist with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was appointed as Chief Audit & Compliance Officer in November 2017. He was Director of Human Capital of Telecom Argentina since June 6, 2016. Before that, he was Client Partner for more than five years at Korn Ferry, the leader global people and organizational advisory firm. He has also worked as Chief Financial Officer at Cablevision for seven years and Chief Executive Officer at Teledigital Cable. Prior to that, he was Investment Officer at CEI Citicorp Holdings and he worked at Citibank N.A. and at Manufacturers Hannover Trust. He was born on December 29, 1963.

Pablo Esses has a Bachelor´s Degree in Business Administration, graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He participated in many specialization courses in management, technology and leadership at international scope in United States and Europe. He was appointed as CIO of Telecom Argentina on May 2018. He has more than 25-years of experience in Business Consulting at Coopers & Lybrand, PricewaterhouseCoopers and IBM in Latin America. He was born on February 22, 1967.

Gerardo Maurer is an engineer with a degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He joined Telecom Argentina in August 2006 and since then he held various positions within Internal Audit and Corporate Security. In November 2014, he was appointed as Corporate Security Director. Previously, he worked at United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneve, Venezuela and Central America. He returned to Argentina in 1996 and joined the Audit Unit at La Caja de Ahorro y Seguro S.A. He was born on May 11, 1959.

Fernando Cravero holds an undergraduate degree in Marketing, an MBA (Master in Business Administration) and a PAD (Program for Top Management) from the IAE Business School (Universidad Austral). He has also attended courses at ESADE Business & Law School. In March 2018, he was appointed as Telecom Argentina’s Director of International Operations. Previously, he held the position of Operations Manager at Cablevision for seven years, and he had also been appointed Regional Manager of Operations at Multicanal in 2000. He founded a CATV company, which was sold in 1997, and has also held several positions in the financial sector. He was born on March 14, 1973.

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Argentine law requires any corporation with share capital in excess of P$50,000,000 or which provides a public service or which is listed on any stock exchange or is controlled by a corporation that fulfills any of the aforementioned requirements, to have a Supervisory Committee. The Supervisory Committee is responsible for overseeing Telecom Argentina’s compliance with its bylaws and Argentine law and, without prejudice of the role of external auditors, is required to present a report on the accuracy of the financial information presented to the shareholders by the Board of Directors at the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. The members of the Supervisory Committee are also authorized:

Telecom Argentina’s bylaws provide that the Supervisory Committee is to be formed by (i) five members and (ii) three or five alternate members, elected by the majority vote of all shareholders. Members of the Supervisory Committee are elected to serve one year terms and may be reelected.

The following table lists the members and alternate members of the Supervisory Committee as of December 31, 2020 and as of the date of this Annual Report:

Pablo Andrés Buey Fernández is a lawyer from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and has Master of Laws from Harvard University Law School. He has been a member of the Supervisory Committee of the Company since April 2016. He is Managing Partner at the law firm Alegría, Buey Fernández, Fissore and Montemerlo. Mr. Buey Fernández was an associate foreign lawyer at the firm Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Heine, Underberg, Manley & Casey. He is a member of several professional associations. He was a professor at Master’s Degrees programs, post-graduate courses and seminars at Escuela Superior de Economía y Administración de Empresas, at the Facultad de Derecho and the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, and at the Facultad de Derecho of Universidad del Salvador. He was born on August 8, 1957.

Pablo Gabriel San Martín has been a member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2018. He is the President of SMS Latinoamerica and Partner Director of SMS — San Martin, Suarez y Asociados. Mr. San Martín serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Transnational Auditors Committee of IFAC (International Federation of Accountants.) He served as auditor at the firm Pistrelli, Díaz y Asociados (Arthur Andersen). He is a member of several professional associations and of the steering committee of several binational business chambers and professional organizations. He was a professor at the School of Economic Sciences of Universidad de Buenos Aires and Universidad del Salvador. He wrote articles on subjects within his field of expertise and is regularly invited as lecturer and guest speaker at Argentine and foreign universities. He is a Certified Public Accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was born on May 1, 1963.

María Ximena Digón is a lawyer graduated with an Honor Diploma from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. She has been a member of Telecom´s supervisory committee since 2017. She is a partner at “EGFA - Abogados” law firm. She also is a member of the Board of Directors and of the supervisory committee of other Argentine companies, mainly in the energy and gas distribution sectors. She is a member of the Public Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires (Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal). She was born on June 11, 1975.

Alejandro Héctor Massa has been a member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2018. He was a partner of Deloitte & Co SRL from 1999 to 2017, after Morgan Benedit y Asociados became a member of Deloitte. He is a member of the Argentine Fiscal Association and was a member of the International Fiscal Association. He was a professor at courses and graduate studies in the School of Economic Sciences of Universidad de Buenos Aires, at graduate studies in Universidad Austral located in Rosario, and he served as author and speaker about subjects within his field of expertise. He is a Certified Public Accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was born on November 3, 1954.

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Eduardo Javier Villegas Contte has been a member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2018. Mr. Villegas Contte served as Director of Internal Audit at AySA, Corporate Finance Manager at Grupo Metropol, General Manager at Aguas de Balcarce SA, Director of Administration and Finance at Metrogas SA. He worked at Pistrelli, Díaz y Asociados (member of Arthur Andersen & Co) and at Arthur Andersen & Co in Spain and Italy. He is a Certified Public Accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He also graduated from the Executive Development Program at Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University — Chicago — USA. He was born on November 22, 1955.

Javier Alegria is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. He is also a partner at the law firm Estudio Alegria, Buey Fernández, Fissore & Montemerlo. He received a Master of Law from Northwestern University and a certificate in Business Administration from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. He acted as an international lawyer with Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton LLP law firm from 2003 to 2004. Mr. Alegria is a member of the Public Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires. He is a professor at the Universidad de Buenos Aires Law School and Universidad del CEMA. He was born on August 7, 1974.

Rubén Suárez has been an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2018. He is a Director at SMS Latinoamerica and a founding partner of SMS — San Martin, Suarez y Asociados. He was a professor at the School of Economic Sciences of Universidad de Buenos Aires and Universidad del Salvador. Permanent and alternate statutory auditor and member of the Supervisory Committee of other Argentine companies. He served as auditor at the firm Pistrelli, Díaz y Asociados (Arthur Andersen). He is a Certified Public Accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was born on January 14, 1961.

Matías Alejandro Fredriks has been an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2018. He is a partner of the firm Sáenz Valiente & Asociados. Mr. Fredriks is a lawyer graduated from Universidad Nacional de La Plata and holds a Postgraduate Degree in Administrative Law from Instituto de Estudios Judiciales de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires and a Master’s Degree in Human Resources Management from Instituto de Empresa 1991/1992-Madrid-Spain. Before joining the firm Sáenz Valiente in 1994, Mr. Fredriks worked as a lawyer in the Corporate and Legal Advisory division of the firm “Price Waterhouse & Co.,” as an advisor of “Unión de Industriales de Quilmes,” of “Instituto de Previsión Social de la Provincia de Corrientes,” and of “Dirección Provincial de Personas Jurídicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires”. He worked on takeovers and transfers in several privatizations such as “Yacimientos Carboníferos de Río Turbio” and “Centrales Térmicas de Generación de Energía Eléctrica del Noreste Argentino”. In addition, he worked as Director of Labor Affairs of the Liquidation Commission of Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones. Since he joined the firm Sáenz Valiente, he has worked in several litigation areas, being responsible for the department in charge of labor, trade associations and trade unions matters. Mr. Fredriks has served as director and member of the Supervisory Committee at several companies before being appointed as an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee of Telecom. He was born on August 27, 1964.

Ona Celia Dimnik has been an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2020. She is an associate of the law firm EGFA Abogados. Miss Dimnik graduated as a lawyer from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. She was born on November 8, 1995.

Juan Pedro Torassa has been an alternate member of the Supervisory Committee since April 2019. He is an associate of the law firm EGFA Abogados. Mr. Torassa graduated as a lawyer from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. He is a member of the Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires. He was born on July 10, 1993.

The compensation of the members of the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee is established for each fiscal year at the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.

The aggregate compensation paid through December 31, 2020 by Telecom to the members of the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee, acting since April 28, 2020, and the executive officers described under “—Senior Management” above, for services in all capacities to Telecom and its subsidiaries during 2020 was approximately P$409 million.

As of December 31, 2020, the compensation accrued by the members of the Board of Directors and Supervisory Committee, for services in all capacities to Telecom and its subsidiaries during 2020 performed during 2020 was approximately P$86 million and P$14 million, respectively. Such accrued compensation is subject to approval by the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of 2021.

As of December 31, 2020 compensation paid as advance payments to members of the Board of Directors and Supervisory Committee for services in all capacities to Telecom and its subsidiaries during 2020 was P$74 million and P$14 million, respectively. Those advance payments were authorized by the Annual Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 28, 2020 and will be deducted from the final compensation determined by the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of 2021, based on the amount proposed by the Board of Directors to the shareholders, with the prior opinion of the Audit Committee of Telecom Argentina (the “Audit Committee”).

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As of December 31, 2020, compensation accrued by the executive officers described under “—Senior Management” above, for services in all capacities to Telecom and its subsidiaries during 2020 amounted to approximately P$1,454 million (including fixed and variable compensation, retention plan benefits and, in some cases, severance payments), of which approximately P$322 million were paid as of December 31, 2020.

The Company’s managers (including Senior Management) receive fixed and variable compensation. A manager’s fixed compensation corresponds with the level of responsibility required for his or her position and the market rate for similar positions. Variable compensation is tied to annual performance goals. Certain managers are beneficiaries of retention plan benefits.

Amounts detailed above are determined in terms of the currency of the transactions dates.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, Telecom Argentina was not required to set aside or accrue any amounts to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits.

Telecom Argentina has no stock option plans for its personnel, or for its members of the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Committee.

Under Argentine law, directors have the obligation to perform their duties with loyalty and the diligence of a prudent business person. Directors are jointly and severally liable to Telecom Argentina, our shareholders and third-parties for the improper performance of their duties, for violations of law, our bylaws or regulations and for any damage caused by fraud, abuse of authority or gross negligence. Under Argentine law, specific duties may be assigned to a director by the bylaws or regulations or by resolution of the shareholders’ meeting. In these cases, a director’s liability will be determined based on the performance of these duties, provided that certain recording requirements are met. Under Argentine law, directors are prohibited from engaging in activities in competition with Telecom Argentina without express authorization of a shareholders’ meeting. Certain transactions between directors and Telecom Argentina are subject to ratification procedures established by Argentine law.

The Supervisory Committee is responsible for overseeing our compliance with our bylaws and Argentine law and, without prejudice to the role of external auditors, is required to present to the shareholders at the Annual Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meeting a report on the accuracy of the financial information presented to the shareholders by the Board of Directors. See “—Supervisory Committee” for further information regarding the Supervisory Committee.

On May 22, 2001 the Argentine government issued Decree No. 677/01, entitled “Regulation of Transparency of the Public Offering,” or the “Transparency Decree” (replaced since January 28, 2013 by equivalent Sections included in Law No. 26,831. The intention of this decree, which is also stated within Law No. 26,831, was to move towards the creation of an adequate legal framework that may strengthen the level of protection of investors in the market. The main objectives of the Transparency Decree were to promote the development, liquidity, stability, solvency and transparency of the market, generating procedures to guarantee the efficient reallocation from savings to investments and good practices in the administration of corporations.

On May 11, 2018, Productive Financing Law No. 27,440 was published in the Official Gazette. This law amended the Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 regarding the extent of the powers of the CNV; the exercise of preemptive rights on shares offered through public offering in the case of capital increases; private placements; public tender offers; and the jurisdiction of the federal commercial courts of appeals to review the resolutions issued or sanctions imposed by the CNV.

On December 28, 2018 CNV Resolution No. 779/18 was published in the Official Gazette through which the CNV Rules were modified in relation to public tender offers, introducing the definition of public tender offer, both mandatory and voluntary, changes to the procedure for delisting and cancellation from the public offering regime, a launch notice template, and changes to the Prospectus template. The Resolution also eliminates the mandatory partial tender offer in the event of an acquisition of a “significant participation” in the capital stock of a listed company that does not imply an acquisition of a controlling interest in the target listed company.

With regard to public tender offers, under Transparency Decree, the offeror was required to formulate a “fair” price to be determined by weighing the results of different company valuation methods, with a minimum floor related to the average market price for the six-month period immediately preceding the date of the agreement. Pursuant to the amendments introduced by the Productive Financing Law and CNV Resolution No. 779/18, the pricing of a tender offer is based on an objective formula which consists of the higher of two existing prices.

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A director will not be liable if, notwithstanding his or her presence at a meeting at which a resolution was adopted or his or her knowledge of the resolution, a written record exists of his opposition thereto and he or she reports his opposition to the Supervisory Committee before any complaint against him or her is brought before the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Committee, the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, the competent governmental agency or the courts. Any liability of a director vis-à-vis Telecom Argentina terminates upon approval of the directors’ performance by the shareholders at a Shareholders’ Meeting, provided that shareholders representing at least 5% of our capital stock do not object and provided that this liability does not result from a violation of the Telecom Argentina’s bylaws, the Argentine law or regulations.

Additionally, Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 provides that those who infringe upon the provisions set forth therein shall be subject, in addition to civil and criminal liability (as applicable), to certain sanctions including warnings, fines, disqualification, suspension or prohibition from acting under the public offering regime.

Telecom Argentina maintains an officers’ and directors’ insurance policy covering claims brought against the officers and/or directors relating to the performance of their duties. As of the date of this Annual Report, the total amount covered by this insurance is US$67.5 million.

Telecom Argentina’s bylaws grant the Board of Directors the power to appoint an Executive Committee formed by some of its members and be in charge of Telecom Argentina’s day-to-day affairs, in each case under the supervision of the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors decided to appoint an Executive Committee on January 1, 2018. On January 31, 2018 the Board of Directors approved the Rules of the Executive Committee (“Reglamento de Facultades y Funcionamiento”) and on that date the Executive Committee started functions. The Executive Committee members as of December 31, 2020 and as of the date of this Annual Report are: Carlos Alberto Moltini, Alejandro Alberto Urricelqui, Sebastián Bardengo, Mariano Marcelo Ibáñez y Germán Horacio Vidal.

Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 provides that companies with publicly-listed shares must appoint an Audit Committee to be formed by three or more members of the Board of Directors. Under CNV rules, the majority of the members of the Audit Committee must be independent. In order to qualify as independent, the director must be independent with respect to the company, any controlling shareholders or any shareholders that are significant participants in the company and cannot carry out executive duties for the company. A member of the Board of Directors cannot qualify as an independent director if he or she is a relative of a person who would not qualify as an independent director if such relative were appointed as a member of the Board of Directors.

In case of resignation, dismissal, death or lack of capacity of any of the members of the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors shall immediately appoint a replacement, who shall remain in office until the following Annual Shareholders Meeting.

According to Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 the duties of the Audit Committee are:

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Additionally, according to the Regulation for the Implementation of the Audit Committee, the Audit Committee also reviews the plans of internal auditors, supervising and evaluating their performance.

On April 28, 2020 Telecom Argentina´s Board of Directors appointed Mr. Carlos Alejandro Harrison, Mr. Germán Horacio Vidal and Mr. Martín Hector D’ Ambrosio as members of Telecom Argentina´s Audit Committee. Furthermore, the Board of Directors determined that Mr. Harrison qualifies as the audit committee financial expert under SEC guidelines.

Under SEC, NYSE and CNV regulations, Mr. Carlos Alejandro Harrison, Mr. Martín Hector D’Ambrosio and Mr. Germán Horacio Vidal qualify as independent directors.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Board of Directors’ meeting for the appointment of the Audit Committee members for the fiscal year 2021 has not yet been held. Therefore, as of the date of this Annual Report, the following members of Telecom Argentina’s Audit Committee are still in office: Mr. Carlos Alejandro Harrison, Mr. Martín Hector D’Ambrosio and Mr. Germán Horacio Vidal.

Pursuant to Capital Markets Law No. 26,831, the Audit Committee may seek the advice of lawyers and other outside professionals at Telecom Argentina’s expense, so long as the shareholders have approved expenditures for the services of such professionals. For fiscal year 2020, a budget of P$ 6.9 million was approved for Audit Committee expenditures. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting approving the Audit Committee expenditures for year 2021 has not yet been held.

In 2012, the Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina approved the implementation of an Enterprise Risk Management Process at Telecom, and the creation of a Risk Management Committee. The Committee is chaired by the CEO, and is composed by the Chief Audit & Compliance Officer, led and coordinated by the CFO. The Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina also approved the creation of the Risk Management function (at the managerial level), whose responsible person also serves as Secretary of the Risk Management Committee and reports to the CFO.

The duties of this committee include reviewing and implementing policies, mechanisms and procedures to identify, to measure and to mitigate risks for Telecom Argentina, and also recommend any steps or adjustments it deems necessary to reduce the risk profile of the organization.

The Company follows the guidelines provided under the Enterprise Risk Management — Integrated Framework 2004 issued by COSO, in order to carry on its Enterprise Risk Management process. Financial reporting risks are reviewed and certified under Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act.

The main risks faced by the Company are those affecting its capital, those related to consumers, internal processes and technology matters, and those related to geopolitical, macroeconomic, regulatory, labor, environmental, security, social, digital security, compliance and legal matters within external context, among others.

Telecom Argentina has established different action plans that endeavor to mitigate, in whole or in part, high and medium risks which are not fully controlled. However, it cannot be assured that such plans are totally effective, or other events, unforeseen at the date of this Annual Report, could arise and affect the performance of Telecom Argentina.

Our employees are represented by different trade unions and labor organizations, including FATEL (Argentine Federation of Telecommunications) and FOEESITRA (Argentine Federation of Workers, Specialists and Employees of the Telecommunications Industry and Services), both federations are comprised of different trade unions, UPJET (Union representing the Senior Staff of Telecommunication Companies), FOPSTTA (Argentine Federation of Unions representing the Technical and Supervisory Staff of Telephone Companies) and CEPETEL (Union of Telecommunications Professionals), associations that represent senior and professional staff and SATSAID (Argentine Union of Television, Audiovisual, Interactive and Data Services), a single union that represents both workers and the senior staff, as well as unions representing trade employees, traveling salespeople, announcers and press workers.

In addition, Telecom actively promotes communication with all trade unions and with the different stakeholders involved, creating formal and informal communication channels, at national and local levels, with union leaders and internal committees. Telecom encourages and fosters working in shared spaces with all trade unions, convening joint and ongoing work meetings to address the following agenda: Occupational Health and Safety, Environment, Training, Diversity and Occupational Guidance and Work Organization. All the union representations attended and actively participated in those meetings.

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In recent years we have conducted wage negotiations with all trade unions aiming to increase salaries in Argentine Pesos as a response to high inflation rates in Argentina. Wage negotiations were conducted in a cooperative environment and we were the object of just one strike and a few direct action measures, both of which took place during salary negotiations. Collective bargaining agreements were executed with the Argentine Association of Cable Television for the employees represented by SATSAID and SAL, and directly with the Trade Union Unity that groups the different telephone trade unions (FATEL, FOEESITRA, FOPPSTA, CEPETEL), UPJET and press worker unions.

As of December 31, 2020, the total number of Telecom employees was 23,254, as compared to 23,728 employees as of December 31, 2019 and 25,343 employees as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2020, 22,659 employees were located in Argentina, 431 employees were located in Paraguay, 162 employees were located in Uruguay and 2 employees were located in the United States. As of December 31, 2019, 23,122 employees were located in Argentina, 433 employees were located in Paraguay, 171 employees were located in Uruguay and 2 employees were located in the United States. As of December 31, 2018, 24,738 employees were located in Argentina, 420 employees were located in Paraguay, 183 employees were located in Uruguay and 2 employees were located in the United States.

Share Ownership by directors, executive officers, and Supervisory Committee members

Capital stock of Telecom Argentina held by members of the Board of Directors and Supervisory Committee is as follows:

No other member of Telecom Argentina’s senior management holds capital stock of Telecom Argentina.

We do not have any arrangements currently in force involving our employees, directors or senior management regarding the capital stock or notes of the company.

At the time of the privatization of ENTel in 1990, the Argentine government created a Share Ownership Plan (“SOP”), for the employees of ENTel and CAT, which were acquired by Telecom Argentina, Telintar and Startel. Pursuant to the Privatization Regulations, 10% of Telecom Argentina’s then-outstanding shares, consisting of 98,438,098 Class C Shares, were transferred by the Argentine government to Telecom Argentina, Telintar, and Startel employees previously employed by ENTel and CAT. This transfer was made through a general transfer agreement signed on December 29, 1992. Our Class C Shares consist exclusively of shares originally sold in connection with the SOP. Most of Class C Shares were converted into Class B Shares from time to time. As of the date of this Annual Report, the outstanding number of Class C Shares is 106,734.

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The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2020, each beneficial owner of 5% or more of each class of Telecom Argentina’s shares.

As of December 31, 2020, there were approximately 70.9 million American Depositary Shares outstanding (representing rights to 354.5 million Class B Shares or 56.4% of total Class B Shares). Further, as of December 31, 2020, there were approximately 70 registered holders of American Depositary Shares in the United States and approximately 20,100 holders of Class B Shares in Argentina.

Because some Class B Shares are held by representatives, the number and domicile of registered shareholders may not exactly reflect the number and domicile of beneficial shareholders.

All shares have equal voting rights. Class A Shares and Class D Shares have certain veto rights, as described in “—The Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement”. and the Company’s bylaws.

The Ordinary and Extraordinary General Meeting and the Special Meeting of Class “C” shares, held on December 15, 2011, approved the power for the additional conversion of up to 4,593,274 Class “C” shares into the same amount of Class “B” shares in one or more tranches. As of December 31, 2020, 4,486,540 Class “C” shares were converted into Class "B” shares in 13 tranches. As of the date of this Annual Report, 106,734 Class “C” shares are still pending to be converted into Class “B” shares.

Cablevision Holding S.A. is the direct and indirect holder of 28.16% of Telecom Argentina’s total capital stock (in the form of Class D Shares). As a result of the Merger and the arrangements resulting from the Telecom Shareholders Agreement, CVH has been considered to have acquired control over Telecom since January 1, 2018.

Cablevisión Holding S.A. is an Argentine corporation and its primary purpose is to hold capital stock in corporations whose object and purpose is to provide Information and Communication Technology Services (ICT Services) and to provide Audiovisual Communication Services (ICT Services). Its controlling shareholder, in turn, is GC Dominio S.A, another Argentine corporation.

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Fintech Telecom LLC is the direct holder of 30.03% of Telecom Argentina’s total capital stock (Class A Shares and ADS representing Class B Shares). Until December 31, 2017 Fintech was Telecom Argentina´s controlling shareholder.

Fintech Telecom LLC is a Delaware (United States) limited liability company, and is a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Fintech Holdings Inc. Its primary purpose is to hold, directly and indirectly, the securities of Telecom Argentina. Fintech Holdings Inc., a Delaware (United States) corporation, is directly controlled by Mr. David Martínez.

On July 7, 2017, Fintech Telecom, LLC (“FTL”), certain of its affiliates and CVH entered into a shareholders’ agreement (“Telecom Shareholders Agreement”), which regulates certain matters as to the corporate governance of Telecom Argentina which became effective upon completion of the Merger, while other provisions became effective simultaneously upon execution of the Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement.

The Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement provides, among other matters, the following:

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We have been involved in a number of transactions with our related parties since the Transfer Date.

Our policy is to make transactions with related parties on arm’s-length basis.

In addition, Section 72 of Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 provides that before a publicly-listed company may enter into an act or contract involving a “relevant amount” with a related party or parties, the publicly-listed company must obtain approval from its Board of Directors and obtain a valuation report from its Audit Committee or two independent valuation firms that demonstrates that the terms of the transaction are consistent with those that could be obtained at an arm’s-length basis. If the Audit Committee or two independent valuation firms do not find that the terms of the contract are consistent with those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis, approval must be obtained from the shareholders. “Relevant amount” means an amount which exceeds 1% of the issuers’ equity as contained in the latest approved financial statements.

Related-party transactions involving Telecom Argentina that exceed 1% of its shareholders’ equity are subject to a prior approval process established by Capital Markets Law No. 26,831, Telecom’s Bylaws and the Rules of the Executive Committee to verify that the agreement could reasonably be considered to be in accordance with normal and habitual market practice.

Transactions with related parties of Grupo Clarín for the year ended December 31, 2020 resulted in income for telecommunication services rendered by us of approximately P$212 million and expenses for services received of approximately P$5,058 million.

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Transactions with other related parties resulted in income for services rendered of P$45 million and an income for interest of P$48 million as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, transactions with other related parties resulted in expenses of P$53 million as of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2020, we had no loans outstanding to the executive officers of Telecom Argentina.

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See Item 18 for Telecom Argentina’s Consolidated Financial Statements. For a description of events that have occurred since the date of the Company’s Financial Statements, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Introduction—Recent Developments”.

The descriptions of the legal proceedings, including labor claims, general proceedings and consumer trade union proceedings in Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference.

The declaration, amount and payment of dividends are determined by a majority vote at a shareholders’ ordinary meeting of Telecom Argentina’s capital stock. Under the GCL, dividends may only be declared out of liquid and realized profits determined based on non-consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP effective in Argentina (IFRS in the case of listed companies as Telecom Argentina) and other applicable regulations issued by the CNV and other regulatory bodies. Furthermore, liquid and realized profits can only be distributed when all accumulated losses from past periods have been absorbed and the legal reserve has been constituted or reconstituted. In addition, the Telecom Shareholders Agreement includes certain provisions with respect to the payment of dividends under certain circumstances (See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders— Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement”).

According to the rules of the CNV (as approved by General Resolution No. 622/13 and amended and supplemented, the “CNV Rules”), Shareholders’ Meetings that approve financial statements in which retained earnings are positive must make a specific determination on the use of such earnings in accordance with the GCL and, as a result, must resolve on its distribution as cash dividends, capitalization with issuance of paid-in shares, use to create reserves other than statutory reserves, or a combination of such alternatives. As a result of this rule the balance of retained earnings after the allocation approved by the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting should be zero.

Furthermore, CNV Resolution No. 777/18 established that “earnings distributions shall be considered in the currency as of the Shareholders´ Meeting date using the price index corresponding to the previous month of said Meeting”.

In preparing the Annual Report in compliance with Argentine requirements, at the end of each fiscal year, the Board of Directors analyzes Telecom Argentina’s economic and financial position and its compliance with the abovementioned restrictions. The Board of Directors also takes into account the funds needed for operative purposes for the following fiscal year. The Board of Directors then proposes a course of action with respect to retained earnings, which may or may not include a dividend distribution. The decision with regards to the proposal of the Board of Directors is made by Telecom Argentina’s shareholders at the Shareholders’ Meeting.

Except as identified in this Annual Report, no undisclosed significant changes have occurred since the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018—Factors Affecting Results of Operations”.

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The Class B Shares are currently listed on the BYMA under the symbol “TECO2”. The ADSs are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TEO”. Each ADS issued by the Depositary represents rights to five Class B Shares.

The ADSs by the Depositary under the Deposit Agreement dated as of November 8, 1994, as amended, among Telecom Argentina, the Depositary and the registered holders from time to time of the ADSs issued thereunder (the “Deposit Agreement”) trade on the NYSE. Each ADS represents rights to five Class B Shares.

The BYMA is the largest stock market in Argentina. Trading on the BYMA is conducted by continuous open auction, from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. each business day. The BYMA also operates a continuous electronic market system each business day, on which privately arranged trades are registered and made public.

Certain historical information regarding the BYMA is set forth in the table below.

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Telecom Argentina’s bylaws were registered before the IGJ on July 13, 1990, under number 4,570, book 108, volume “A” of Corporations. Telecom Argentina’s bylaws with all subsequent amendments were registered before the IGJ on November 15th, 2018, under number 22160, book 92 of Corporations. After this registration, General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting and Class “A” and Class “D” Shares Special Shareholders’ Meetings held on October 10, 2019 approved the amendment of Sections 4th, 5th and 6th of the Bylaws, so that Class “A” and “D” shares may be certified shares in accordance with applicable law or book-entry shares, as decided by Class “A” and Class “D” Shares Special Shareholders’ Meetings, respectively. Afterwards, General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting and Class “A” and Class “D” Shares Special Shareholders’ Meetings held on December 11, 2020 approved the amendment of Section 10^th of the Company´s Bylaws so as to establish a minimum prior notice for any call to Board Meetings of 5 calendar days, except in the event of urgency, in which case the Meeting may be called with a prior notice of 1 day, and to establish new means of notification of calls for said Meetings. The registration of these amendments before IGJ is still pending.

Telecom Argentina’s object and purpose is to provide, directly or through third parties, or in association with third parties, ICT Services, whether these ICT services are fixed, mobile, wired, wireless, national or international, with or without its own infrastructure, and to provide Audiovisual Communication Services (“AC Services”).

Pursuant to its object and purpose, Telecom Argentina may supply, lease, sell and market in any manner, all kinds of equipment, infrastructure, goods and services related to or supplementary with ICT Services and AC Services. Telecom Argentina may undertake works and provide all kinds of services, including advisory and safety services, in connection with ICT Services and AC Services.

To fulfill its object and purpose, Telecom Argentina has full legal capacity to acquire rights, undertake obligations and take any action that is not forbidden by law and by its bylaws, including the capacity to borrow funds, publicly or privately, through the issue of debentures and negotiable obligations. Telecom Argentina may constitute companies, acquire equity interests in other companies and enter into any kinds of association agreements.

Any amendment to the corporate object and purpose shall be in compliance with the respective legal regulations in force.

The following is a summary of the rights of the holders of Telecom Argentina shares. These rights are set out in Telecom Argentina’s estatutos sociales (bylaws) or are provided for by applicable Argentine law. These rights may differ from those typically provided to shareholders of U.S. companies under the corporation laws of some states of the United States.

Under Argentine law, a shareholder’s liability for losses of a company is generally limited to the value of his or her shareholdings in the company. Under Argentine law, however, a shareholder who votes in favor of a resolution that is subsequently declared void by a court as contrary to Argentine law or a company’s bylaws (or regulations, if any) may be held jointly and severally liable for damages to such company, to other shareholders or to third parties resulting from such resolution. In connection with recommending certain actions for approval by shareholders, the Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina occasionally obtained opinions of internal and/or external counsel concerning the compliance of the actions with Argentine law and our bylaws (or regulations, if any). We currently intend to obtain similar opinions in the future as the circumstances require it. Although the issue is not free from doubt, based on advice of counsel, we believe that a court in Argentina in which a case has been properly filed would hold that a non-controlling shareholder voting in good faith and without a conflict of interest in favor of such a resolution based on the advice of counsel that such resolution is not contrary to Argentine law or our bylaws or regulations, would not be liable under this provision.

Pursuant Telecom Argentina’s bylaws, each share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at the shareholders’ meetings. All of Telecom Argentina’s directors are appointed jointly by shareholders in an Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meeting.

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Under Argentine law, shareholders are entitled to cumulative voting rights for the election of up to one-third of the vacancies to be filled on the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee. If any shareholder notifies the company of its decision to exercise its cumulative voting rights not later than three business days prior to the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting, all shareholders are entitled, but not required, to exercise their cumulative voting rights as well.

Through the exercise of cumulative voting rights, the aggregate number of votes that a shareholder may cast is multiplied by the number of vacancies to be filled in the election, and each shareholder may allocate the total number of its votes among a number of candidates not exceeding one-third of the number of vacancies to be filled. Shareholders not exercising cumulative voting rights are entitled to cast the number of votes represented by their shares for each candidate. The candidates receiving the most votes are elected to the vacancies filled by cumulative and non-cumulative voting. In case of tie between the candidates voted under the same system, the two candidates that received the most votes will participate in a run-off election, and the candidate receiving the most votes in the run-off election will be deemed elected.

In addition, any person who enters into a voting agreement with other shareholders in a public company must inform the CNV of that voting agreement and must file a copy of that voting agreement before the CNV.

Shareholders’ Meetings may be ordinary meetings or extraordinary meetings. Telecom Argentina is required to hold an Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting in each fiscal year to consider the matters outlined in Section 234 of the GCL, Section 71 of Law No. 26,831 and CNV rules, including but not limited to:

Matters which may be considered at these or other ordinary meetings include, but are not limited to:

Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings may be called at any time to consider matters beyond the scope of the ordinary shareholder’s meetings, including amendments to the bylaws, issuances of certain securities that permit profit sharing, anticipated dissolution, merger and transformation from one type of company to another, etc.

Shareholders’ Meetings may be convened by the Board of Directors or the members of the Supervisory Committee. The Board of Directors or the members of the Supervisory Committee are also required to convene shareholders’ meetings upon the request of any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 5% in the aggregate capital stock of Telecom Argentina. If the Board of Directors or the members of the Supervisory Committee fail to do so, the meeting may be called by the CNV or by the Argentine courts.

Notice of the Shareholders’ Meeting must be published in the Official Gazette and in a widely circulated newspaper in Argentina, at least twenty days before the shareholder’s meeting. In order to attend a meeting, shareholders must submit proper evidence of their ownership of shares via book-entry account held at the Caja de Valores S.A. in the case of Class B and Class C shares, and via book-entry account held by the Company of Class A and Class D shares. Entitled to attend the meeting, a shareholder may be represented by proxy.

Holders of ADSs are not entitled to attend or vote at a shareholders’ meeting but its Deposit Agreement provides for certain procedures to instruct the Depositary to vote deposited Class B Shares in accordance with instructions provided by the holders of the ADSs. For voting instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them on or before the date indicated in the relevant notice. There is no guarantee that an ADS holder will receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote.

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The quorum for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings consists of a majority of the capital stock entitled to vote. In Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, resolutions may be adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders present that have issued a valid vote, without counting voluntary abstentions. If there is no quorum at the meeting, a second Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting may be called. The meeting in a second call can be held whatever the number of the shareholders at the meeting, and resolutions may be adopted by a majority of the shareholders present.

The quorum for Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings is 60% of the capital stock entitled to vote. If there is no quorum at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, a second extraordinary shareholders’ meeting may be called. The quorum for extraordinary shareholders’ meeting in a second call is the 30% of the present capital stock. In both cases, decisions are adopted by a majority of valid votes, except for certain fundamental matters, including:

Each of these actions requires a favorable vote of more than 50% of all the capital stock entitled to vote.

In some of these cases, a dissenting shareholder is entitled to appraisal rights.

Any resolution adopted by the shareholders at Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings that affects the rights of one particular class of capital stock must also be approved or ratified by a special meeting of that class of shareholders. The special meeting will be governed by the rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings.

In addition, and pursuant to the amendment to the bylaws approved on August 31, 2017, a favorable resolution by a special meeting of the Class A and/ or the Class D will be required in order to approve any Supermajority Matter. That special meeting will be required to the extent the Class A or the Class D represent more than 15% of the capital stock, respectively, or 20% of the capital stock if the decision involves the approval of the Business Plan or the Annual Budget.

Dividends can be lawfully paid and declared only out of our realized and liquid profit.

For these purposes, the Board of Directors must submit our financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the Board of Directors, to the shareholders for their approval at an Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.

Upon the approval of the financial statements, the shareholders determine the allocation of Telecom Argentina’s net profits (if any). Under CNV rules, a Shareholders’ Meeting convened to approve the financial statements in which retained earnings are positive must make a specific decision on the use of such earnings in accordance with the GCL. The Shareholders’ Meeting must resolve on its distribution as cash dividends, capitalization with issuance of paid-in shares, use to create reserves other than statutory reserves, or a combination of such alternatives. In addition, the GCL requires Argentine companies to allocate 5% of any net profits to a legal reserve, until the amount of this reserve equals 20% of our capital stock. The legal reserve is not available for distribution. The remainder of net profits may be paid as dividends on common stock or retained as a voluntary reserve or other account, or a combination thereof, all as determined by the shareholders. As provided by CNV Resolution No. 609/12, positive retained earnings generated by the mandatory adoption of IFRS as from January 1, 2012, should be assigned to a special reserve that can only be utilized for its capitalization or to absorb negative retained earnings.

Dividends may not be paid if the legal reserve has been impaired, nor until it has been fully replenished. Shareholders’ rights to collect dividends expire three years after the distribution date pursuant to Section 17 of Telecom Argentina’s bylaws.

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Argentine law permits the Board of Directors of certain companies, such as Telecom Argentina, to approve the distribution of anticipated dividends on the basis of financial statements especially prepared for the purpose of paying such dividends, provided that both the external auditors and the Supervisory Committee have issued an opinion report. The actual payment of these dividends is made on an interim basis, and they are paid on account of the dividends to be determined in the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting on the basis of the financial statements for the year.

See Note 28 to our Consolidated Financial Statements regarding restrictions on distributions of profits and dividends.

Telecom Argentina may increase its capital upon authorization of an Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. All capital increases must be confirmed by the CNV, published in the Official Gazette and recorded with the IGJ. Capital reductions may be voluntary or mandatory. Shares issued in connection with any capital increase must be divided among the various classes in proportion to the number of shares of each class outstanding at the date of the issuance, provided that the number of shares of each class actually issued may vary based on the exercise of preemptive rights and additional accretion rights in accordance with the procedure described under “—Preemptive Rights” below.

A voluntary capital reduction must be approved by an Extraordinary Shareholders’ meeting and may take place only after notice thereof is published and creditors are given an opportunity to obtain payment or collateralization of their claims, or attachment, except in redemption cases (with liquid and realized profits).

In accordance with Section 206 of the GCL, reduction of a company’s capital stock is mandatory when losses have exceeded reserves and at least 50% of the stated capital (capital stock plus inflation adjustment).

Section 59 of Law No. 27,541 (published in the Official Gazette on December 23, 2019) suspended until December 31, 2020, the implementation of Section 206 of the GCL and of Section 94(5) of GCL (liquidation due to loss of capital).

Under Argentine law, holders of a company’s common shares of any given class have preferential or preemptive rights, proportional to the number of shares owned by each shareholder, to subscribe for any shares of capital stock of the same class as the shares owned by the shareholder or for any securities convertible into such shares issued by the company.

In the event of a capital increase, shareholders of Telecom Argentina of any given class have a preemptive right to purchase any issue of shares of such class in an amount sufficient to maintain their proportionate ownership of Telecom Argentina’s capital stock. For any shares of a class not preempted by any holder of that class, the remaining holders of the class will assume pro rata the preemptive rights of those shareholders that are not exercising their preemptive rights. Pursuant to Telecom Argentina’s bylaws, if any Class B or Class C Shares are not preempted by the existing shareholders of each such class, the other classes may preempt such class. However, if any shares of the other Classes of Shares are not preempted by the existing holders of such class, holders of Class B or Class C Shares shall have no preemptive rights with respect to such shares.

A notice to the shareholders of their opportunity to preempt the capital increase must be published for three days in the Official Gazette and a widely circulated newspaper in Argentina. The period for the exercise of preemptive rights is 30 days following the last day of publication and may be reduced to 10 days by resolution of an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Pursuant to the Capital Markets Law, as amended by the Productive Financing Law No. 27,440, in the case of any capital increase by means of a public offer, the preemptive rights will be exercised by the shareholders exclusively through the subscription and allocation procedures determined in the offering memorandum, and the 30-day period will not apply; subject to the condition that the bylaws of the company expressly provide it and to the approval of the shareholders’ meeting.

Pursuant to the GCL, preemptive rights may only be restricted or suspended in certain particular and exceptional cases by a resolution of an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting when required by the interest of the company.

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A shareholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of Telecom Argentina may be liable for damages under Argentine law, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without his or her vote. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Our Shareholders may be subject to liability under Argentine law for certain votes of their securities”. See also “—Powers of the Directors” below for a description of conflict of interest regarding Directors.

Telecom Argentina’s stock is subject to redemption in connection with a reduction of capital by a majority vote of shareholders at an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Pursuant to the GCL, Telecom Argentina may repurchase the stock with liquid and realized profits or available reserves, upon a determination of the Board of Directors that the repurchase is necessary in order to avoid severe damage to our business (subject to shareholder consideration) or in connection with a merger or acquisition. In addition, Telecom Argentina can purchase up to 10% of its capital stock in the BCBA pursuant to Law No. 26,831, complying with the requirements and procedures stated therein. If the purchase is made pursuant to Law No. 26,831, Telecom Argentina must resell the repurchased shares within three years and its shareholders will have preemptive rights to purchase the shares, except in case of an employee compensation program or plan, or in case the shares are distributed among all the shareholders proportionately or regarding the sale of an amount of shares that in any period of 12 months does not exceed 1% of the Telecom Argentina’s capital stock. In such cases, the three-year period can be extended with the previous approval by a Shareholders’ Meeting.

Whenever certain extraordinary resolutions are adopted at an Extraordinary Shareholders’ meeting, such as a merger of Telecom Argentina into another entity, a change of corporate object and purpose, transformation from one type of corporate form to another, or the voluntary withdrawal from the public offering regime or listing of Telecom Argentina’s shares , any shareholder dissenting from the adoption of any resolution may withdraw from Telecom Argentina and receive the book value of his or her shares determined on the basis of Telecom Argentina’s annual financial statements (as approved by the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting), provided that the dissenting shareholder exercises its appraisal rights within five days following the Shareholders’ Meeting at which the resolution was adopted. This right may be exercised within 15 days following the meeting if the dissenting shareholder was absent and provided he or she can prove that he or she was a shareholder on the day of the Shareholders’ Meeting at which the resolution was adopted. In the case of a merger of Telecom Argentina or a spin-off of Telecom Argentina, no appraisal rights may be exercised if Telecom Argentina is the surviving company or if the shares that Telecom shareholders would receive as a result of such merger or spin-off would also be admitted to the public offering regime or listed in Argentina.

Appraisal rights are extinguished if the resolution is subsequently overturned at another Shareholders’ Meeting held within sixty days of the expiration of the time period during which absent shareholders may exercise their appraisal rights.

Payment on the appraisal rights must be made within one year of the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting at which the resolution was adopted. In the case of voluntary withdrawal from the public offering regime or listing of Telecom Argentina’s shares, the payment period is reduced to sixty days from the date of the approval of the voluntary withdrawal.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, should Telecom Argentina decide to voluntarily withdraw its shares from the public offering regime or listing in Argentina, pursuant to Section 97 of Law No. 26,831, a tender offer by Telecom Argentina at a fair price (precio equitativo) to be determined in accordance with certain parameters must be conducted before such withdrawal.

Upon liquidation of Telecom Argentina, one or more liquidators may be appointed to wind up its affairs. All outstanding shares of common stock will be entitled to participate equally in any distribution upon liquidation.

In the event of liquidation, the assets of Telecom Argentina shall be applied to satisfy its debts and liabilities. If any surplus remains, it shall be distributed to the holders of shares in proportion to their holdings.

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Under Argentine law, any person acquiring 5% or more of the voting stock of a public company must inform the CNV in writing of the acquisition of such voting stock. Additionally, such person must inform the CNV in writing of each additional acquisition of the voting stock of that particular company, until such person acquires control of that company, in which case the person shall be subject to a different ownership disclosure regime.

The bylaws of Telecom Argentina do not contain any provision regarding the ability to vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract where a director is an interested party. Under Argentine law, a director may sign contracts with the company related to the company’s activities so long as the conditions are on an arm’s-length basis. If such contract does not meet such conditions, the agreement may only be subscribed with the prior approval of the Board of Directors or, in absence of quorum, with the approval of the Supervisory Committee.

Such transactions must be dealt with at the following Shareholders’ Meeting, and if such meeting does not approve them, the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Committee (as the case may be) are jointly responsible for any damages caused to the company. Argentine law also requires that if a director has a personal interest contrary to Telecom Argentina’s, he or she must notify the Board of Directors and to the Supervisory Committee. The director must refrain from participating in any deliberations or he or she may be held jointly and severally liable for all damages caused to Telecom Argentina as a result of the conflict of interests.

Additionally, Law No. 26,831 dictates that the contracts between a company and a director (that qualifies as a “related party”) when they exceed 1% of the shareholders’ equity of the company, it must be submitted to prior approval of the Audit Committee or of two independent evaluation firms to ensure that the transaction is in accordance with market conditions. Such transactions must also be approved by the Board of Directors and reported to the CNV and the exchanges on which the shares of the company are listed. If the Audit Committee or the independent evaluation firms have not determined the terms of the transaction to be “according to market conditions,” then the contract in question must be submitted for consideration at a Shareholders’ Meeting.

Section 10 of the bylaws of Telecom Argentina establishes that the remuneration of the members of the Board of Directors is to be determined by the shareholders at their Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. The Audit Committee is to issue a prior opinion on the reasonability of the proposed remuneration, which the Board of Directors submits for approval to the shareholders. Directors cannot vote on the resolution concerning their compensation or the compensation of any other director.

The bylaws of Telecom Argentina do not contain any provision regarding the possibility of granting loans to members of the Board of Directors or to the company executives.

Members of the Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina or its subsidiaries or parent company cannot be appointed as members of the Supervisory Committee.

The bylaws of Telecom Argentina do not establish a maximum age to be member of the Board of Directors.

Neither the bylaws of Telecom Argentina nor any Argentine law require the members of the Board of Directors to be shareholders.

Under the Argentine Foreign Investment Law, as amended (the “FIL”), the purchase of stock by an individual or legal entity domiciled abroad or by a local company of foreign capital (as defined in the FIL) constitutes a foreign investment subject to the FIL. Foreign investments generally are unrestricted. However, foreign investments in certain industries, such as broadcasting, are restricted as to percentage. No approval is necessary to purchase Class B Shares. The FIL does not limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote the Class B Shares, and there are no restrictions in Telecom Argentina’s bylaws limiting the rights of non-residents or non-Argentines to hold or to vote on Telecom Argentina’s Class B Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, regulations implemented by the CNV require that all shareholders that are foreign companies who are registered to participate at a Shareholders’ Meeting should bear adequate proxy representation according to argentine law. To acquire participation in a company in Argentina, non-Argentine companies are required to comply with the share ownership registration requirements with the Argentine Registry of Commerce as provided for under Section 123 of the GCL.

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There are no provisions in the bylaws of Telecom Argentina which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Telecom Argentina and that would only operate with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Telecom Argentina or any of its subsidiaries, except in case of merger (Section 10. VI of the Bylaws).

Under Law No. 26,831, modified by Law N° 27,440, a party which has individually or through “actuación concertada” (concerted action) attained control in a publicly traded corporation must offer a fair price (precio equitativo) as defined in Law No. 26,831, as amended, to acquire all shares of such corporation.

Under Decree No. 764/00, as amended by Decree No. 267/15, the loss of control of a licensee company such as Telecom Argentina is subject to the approval of the ENACOM.

For information regarding our material contracts, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders— Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement”. We are not a party to the Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement.

On September 1, 2019, the Argentine government issued Decree No. 609/19 (the “FX Decree”) by which foreign exchange controls were temporarily reinstated until December 31, 2019, which were subsequently extended by the new administration, not providing for a specific expiration date. The FX Decree: (i) reinstated exporters’ obligation to repatriate proceeds from exports of goods and services in the terms and conditions set forth by the BCRA and liquidate such foreign currency-denominated proceeds to Pesos through the foreign exchange market (the “MULC”); and (ii) authorized the BCRA to (a) regulate the access to the foreign exchange market for the purchase of foreign currency and outward remittances; and (b) establish regulations to prevent practices and/or transactions aimed to bypass the measures adopted on the FX Decree.

A consolidated text of the currently applicable exchange control regulations can be found in Communication “A” 6844/19, as amended by subsequent BCRA Communications, issued by the BCRA on December 6, 2019. On December 27, 2019 and December 30, 2019, the BCRA issued Communications “A” 6854/19 and “A” 6856/19, respectively, pursuant to which the exchange control regulations found in Communication “A” 6844/19 remain effective after December 31, 2019. Below is a description of the main exchange control measures in effect as of the date of this Annual Report:

On December 28, 2017, the BCRA replaced the reporting regimes set forth on Communications “A” 3602 and “A” 4237 with Communication “A” 6401 (and supplemental Communication “A” 6795), a unified regime applicable from December 31, 2017 (the “External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime”). Under such regime, Argentine residents (both legal entities or natural persons) whose foreign assets or debts flow or balance during the previous calendar year equal to or in excess of the equivalent of US$1 million in Pesos are required to report foreign holdings of (i) shares and other capital participations; (ii) debt; (iii) financial derivatives; and (iv) real estate, on an annual basis. Argentine residents whose foreign assets or debts flow or balance during the previous calendar year equal to or in excess of US$50 million in Pesos, are required to comply with these reporting obligations on a quarterly basis. From March 31, 2020, all residents with external liabilities at the end of any quarter, or residents who have cancelled any of” its external liabilities during such period, must file the report within 45 calendar days from the end of the quarter.

Residents whose foreign assets or debts flow or balance equal to or in excess of the equivalent of US$50 million in Pesos at the end of each calendar year, are required to file within 180 calendar days from December 31, an annual report where supplements, amendments or confirmation of information contained in previously quarterly filings can be included.

Access to the foreign exchange market for repayment of external financial indebtedness and other transactions are conditioned to the debtor’s compliance with the External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime.

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In accordance with Section 7.1 of Communication “A” 6844 of the BCRA, as amended, exporters must repatriate, and settle for Pesos through the MULC, the proceeds of their exports of goods cleared through customs as from September 2, 2019.

Although Communication “A” 6844, maintains the obligation to bring export proceeds to Argentina through the MULC, in accordance with Section 2.6 of said Communication, exporters are authorized to avoid the settlement for pesos to the extent all of the following conditions are met: (a) funds are credited to foreign-denominated accounts in the name of the exporter, opened at local banks; (b) the proceeds are repatriated to Argentina within the applicable time period established by the BCRA; (c) funds are simultaneously applied to conduct payments for which regulations allow access to the MULC, subject to applicable limitations; (d) if funds are proceeds of new foreign financial indebtedness and are applied to prepay foreign currency-denominated debt with local financial entities, such new foreign financial indebtedness must have a weighted average life greater than the prepaid local indebtedness, and (e) the application of this exception mechanism is tax-neutral.

Amounts collected in foreign currency for insurance claims related to the exported goods must also be repatriated and settled in Pesos in the MULC, up to the amount of the insured exported goods.

Moreover, through Section 8 of Communication “A” 6844, the BCRA reinstated the export proceeds monitoring system, setting forth rules governing such monitoring process and exceptions thereof. Exporters will need to appoint a financial entity in charge of monitoring compliance with the aforementioned obligations. Decree No. 661/19 clarified that the collection of the export benefits set forth under the Argentine Customs Code shall be subject to the exporter complying with the repatriation and Peso settlement obligations imposed by the new regulations.

The regulations authorize the application of export proceeds to the repayment of: (i) pre-export financings and export financings granted or guaranteed by local financial entities; (ii) foreign pre-export financings and export advances settled in the MULC, provided that the relevant transactions were entered into through public deeds or public registries; (iii) financings granted by local financial entities to foreign importers; and (iv) financial indebtedness under contracts executed prior to August 31, 2019 providing for cancellation thereof through the application abroad of export proceeds. The application of export proceeds to the repayment of other indebtedness shall be subject to BCRA approval.

By means of Communication “A” 7123 dated October 1, 2020, the BCRA decided to admit the use of collections of foreign currency resulting from exports of goods and services to (i) payment of capital and interest on financial indebtedness with foreign creditors whose average life, considering payments of capital and interest services, is not less than one year; and (ii) repatriation of foreign investors’ direct investments in companies that do not control local financial entities, to the extent that the repatriation occurs after the date of completion and implementation of the investment project and, at least, one year after the entry of the capital contribution in the exchange market.

These operations may be carried out in the event that the exchange regulations set forth in such Communication with respect to destination of the funds, entry and settlement of the funds in the exchange market, and monitoring of the operation by a local financial entity are met.

Moreover, by means of Communication “A” 7138 dated October 15, 2020, the BCRA made certain adjustments to the foreign exchange regulations in force.

In this regard, the special regime set forth by Communication “A” 7123 (which allows the application of foreign exchange charges for exports of goods and services directly to the payment of principal, interest and/or dividends) now includes (i) new issuance of debt securities with public registry in the country denominated in foreign currency which meet the conditions set forth in Section 3.6.4. of the rules of “Foreign Exchange” with an average life of one year considering the maturities of principal and interest (subject to compliance of requirements under Section 1.1.of Communication “A” 7123); (ii) payment of new debt or repatriation of direct investments which funds have been entered and settled in the foreign exchange market and have made it possible to reach the parameters provided for in the refinancing scheme set forth in Communication “A” 7106; and (iii) the issuance of new debt securities with public registry in the country or abroad, issued on or after October 9, 2020, with an average life of no less than two years, allowing creditors receiving such securities to meet the parameters foreseen in the aforementioned refinancing scheme.

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Obligation to repatriate and settle in Pesos the proceeds from exports of services

Section 2.2 of Communication “A” 6844 imposes to exporters the obligation to repatriate, and settle in the MULC, the proceeds from exports of services within 5 business days following either the perception of funds in the country or abroad, or their accreditation in foreign accounts.

As to the use of collections of foreign currency resulting from exports and services, please refer to the descriptions of the BCRA Communications “A” 7,123 and 7,138 included above.

Pursuant of Section 2.3 of Communication “A” 6844, the proceeds in foreign currency of the sale of non-financial non-produced assets must be repatriated and settled in Pesos in the MULC within 5 business days following either the perception of funds in the country or abroad, or their accreditation in foreign accounts.

Pursuant to the new regulations, servicing of foreign financial debt (disbursed after September 1, 2019) with access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of principal and interest thereunder, is subject to prior compliance with the requirement that the proceeds of such foreign financial debt must be transferred to the Argentine financial system and liquidated through the foreign exchange market. However, such requirement will not apply to the extent all of the following conditions are met: (a) funds are credited to foreign-denominated accounts in the name of the borrower, opened at local banks; (b) proceeds are repatriated to Argentina within the applicable time period established by the BCRA; (c) funds are simultaneously applied to conduct payments for which regulations allow access to the foreign exchange market, subject to applicable limitations; (d) if funds are proceeds of new foreign financial indebtedness and are applied to prepay foreign currency-denominated debt with local financial entities, such new foreign financial indebtedness must have a weighted average life greater than the prepaid local indebtedness, and (e) the application of this exception mechanism is tax-neutral.

Furthermore, access to the foreign exchange market for the prepayment of foreign financial indebtedness requires prior approval of the BCRA for prepayments taking place more than three business days prior to the scheduled repayment date, except if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the prepayment takes place simultaneously with the liquidation on the foreign exchange market of the proceeds of the new indebtedness denominated in foreign currency to Pesos; (ii) the new indebtedness has a weighted average life greater than the outstanding debt being prepaid; and (iii) the new indebtedness’s first principal payment shall (a) take place on or after the original maturity date; and (b) the principal amount of the new indebtedness shall not be greater than the original principal amount.

The BCRA Communication “A” 7,030, and its amendments, established the prior agreement of the BCRA, until October 31, 2020 (then extended by Communication 7,151 until December 31, 2020), for the cancellation of capital services of financial debts with abroad, provided that the creditor is a related counterparty.

In addition, Communication “A” 7,030, as amended, established the prior approval of the BCRA for certain outflow of funds through the foreign exchange market, unless the entity has an affidavit from the client stating that at the time of access to the foreign exchange market:

(a) All of its local foreign currency holdings are deposited in accounts in financial institutions and that it did not have liquid external assets available at the beginning of the day that access to the foreign exchange market is requested for a higher amount equivalent to US$ 100,000 (with some exceptions, expressly provided for by the regulation).

(b) Undertakes to settle in Pesos through the foreign exchange market, within five working days of its availability, those funds received abroad resulting from the collection of loans granted to third parties, the collection of a term deposit or the sale of any type of asset, when the asset has been acquired, the deposit constituted or the loan granted after May 28, 2020.

On the other hand, on June 11th, 2020, the BCRA issued the Communication “A” 7042, by means of which it relaxed some aspects of the restrictions imposed on the access to the official foreign exchange market that were established through Communications “A” 7001 and “A” 7030.

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Firstly, the Communication canceled the requirement imposed on the beneficiaries of financing in Argentine Pesos to have the BCRA prior authorization in order to access to the MULC to cancel principal and/or interest on all types of foreign indebtedness pending as of March 19th, 2020, when the payment did not have an expiration date or whose expiration had operated prior to that date (provided by Communication “A” 6937, as amended).

Secondly, although the 90-day term for not carrying out sale operations of securities against foreign currency or transfers to depository institutions abroad before and after the date of access to the MULC is maintained, the Communication established that this rule will only apply to the abovementioned sale operations carried out since May 1st, 2020. Therefore, those entities that carried out these operations during April (when Communication “A” 7001 had not been issued yet), will not be restricted from accessing the MULC because of these operations.

Regarding the requirement of non-existence of available liquid external assets that was imposed by Point 1 of Communication “A” 7030, the Communication introduces a series of exceptions:

· Access to the MULC is allowed when available liquid external assets do not exceed an amount equivalent to US$ 100,000.

· The amount mentioned in the previous point may be exceeded provided the amount in excess (a) is used on the same date to make payments that would have had access to the local exchange market; (b) is transferred in favor of the customer to a correspondent account of a local entity that holds a foreign exchange authorization; (c) consists in funds deposited in foreign bank accounts that result from collections of exports of goods and/or services or advances, pre-financing or post-financing of exports of goods granted by non-residents, or the sale of non-produced non-financial assets; for which the 5-working day period has not elapsed; or (d) consists in funds deposited in foreign bank accounts resulting from financial indebtedness obtained abroad and its amount does not exceed the equivalent to be paid for principal and interests in the next 120 calendar days.

· It is pointed out that funds deposited abroad that cannot be used by the customer because they are reserve funds or guarantee funds set up in accordance with the requirements of foreign indebtedness agreements or funds set up to guarantee foreign derivative transactions will not be considered as external liquid assets.

Additionally, Communication “A” 7,106 established the requirement, for those who register scheduled capital maturities between October 15, 2020 and March 31, 2021 with creditors that are not related counterparties, to submit to the BCRA a detail of a refinancing plan complying with certain criteria established in the said Communication. Specifically, the BCRA will grant access to companies for an amount up to 40% of maturities and companies must refinance the rest for a term of at least 2 years. This, provided that the amount for which the exchange market would be accessed for the cancellation of principal exceeds the equivalent of US$ 2,000,000 per calendar month, with some exceptions, expressly provided for by the regulation.

Likewise, by means of Communication “A” 7133 published on October 9, 2020, the BCRA established that access to the foreign exchange market will be available up to 30 calendar days prior to the maturity date for the payment of principal and interest on foreign financial debts or debt securities publicly registered in the country and denominated in foreign currency, when the pre-cancellation is carried out as part of a debt refinancing process which meets the terms set out in point 7 of Communication “A” 7106 and the following conditions are verified: (a) the amount of interest paid does not exceed the amount of interest accrued on the refinanced debt up to the date the refinancing was closed; and (b) the principal amount of the new debt does not exceed the amount that would have accrued over the principal maturities of the refinanced debt.

In addition, said Communication provided that access to the foreign exchange market may be granted prior to the maturity date for the payment of interest on foreign financial debts or debt securities publicly registered in the country and denominated in foreign currency, when the pre-cancellation is made within the framework of an exchange process of debt securities issued by the client and all the conditions indicated in such Communication are verified.

The same Communication also clarified that, in the context of the refinancing processes provided for in point 7 of Communication “A” 7106, the 40% capital limit for access to the exchange market may be increased to the same extent as the debtor's settlements on the exchange market as from October 9, 2020 for financial debts owed abroad, issues of debt securities registered with the public authorities abroad or issues of debt securities registered with the public authorities in the country and denominated in foreign currency (in the latter case, provided that they meet the conditions laid down in point 3.6.4 of the foreign exchange regulations.

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Finally, the Communication established that for new debt securities with a public register in the country or abroad, issued as from October 9, 2020 in the framework of the refinancing processes provided for in point 7 of Communication “A” 7106, the requirement of foreign currency settlement for the purposes of access to the foreign exchange market for the cancellation of its capital and interest services will be deemed to be fulfilled. In this way, the BCRA would be ensuring that new securities issued under these exchange processes would have access to the foreign exchange market, even if there was no foreign exchange settlement from the issue.

On the other hand, Communication “A” 7123 provided that BCRA’s prior consent to access the exchange market will not be required in the following cases:

· Repatriation of foreign direct investments in companies that do not control local financial entities, insofar as the capital contribution has been entered and settled in the foreign exchange market as of October 2, 2020 and the repatriation takes place at least two years after entry.

· Payment at maturity of the principal of foreign financial indebtedness of the non-financial private sector when the creditor is a counterpart linked to the debtor, insofar as the funds have been entered and settled in the foreign exchange market as of October 2, 2020 and the indebtedness has an average life of no less than 2 (two) years.

Duly registered securities that are denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina

As of November 29, 2019, in accordance with Section 2.5 of the Communication “A” 6844 issued by the BCRA, resident issuers are granted access to the MULC for the payment at maturity of principal and interest under new duly registered issuances of debt securities that are denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina, to the extent they (i) are fully subscribed in foreign currency, and (ii) the proceeds from the issuance are settled through the MULC. However, regarding the settlement of the proceeds from the issuance shall not constitute a condition for future access to the MULC for repayment of domestic issuances as provided in (ii) above, to the extent the conditions set forth in BCRA Communication “A” 6814 are met (i.e., the proceeds are deposited in a local foreign currency-denominated bank accounts and are simultaneously applied to transactions having access to the MULC, and the deal has no tax impact, among others).

Payments of local debt securities denominated in foreign currency among residents

In accordance with Section 3.6 of Communication “A” 6844, access to the MULC for the payment of foreign currency denominated obligations between Argentine residents executed from September 1, 2019 is prohibited. With regard to preexisting transactions, access is authorized; provided that the relevant transactions were entered into through public deeds or public registries. This prohibition does not apply to loans in foreign currency granted by local financial entities, including payments of credit cards, the issuance of debt securities for the refinancing of the debt transactions entered into through public deeds or public registries on or before August 30, 2019, and the issuance of debt securities denominated in foreign currency with public registry as from November 29, 2019, to the extent the proceeds obtained have been settled through the MULC.

Moreover, in accordance with Section 2.5 of the Communication “A” 6844 Bank, resident issuers are granted access to the MULC for the payment at maturity of principal and interest under new duly registered issuances of debt securities that are denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina, to the extent they (i) are fully subscribed in foreign currency, and (ii) the proceeds from the issuance are settled through the MULC. However, regarding the settlement of the proceeds from the issuance shall not constitute a condition for future access to the MULC for repayment of domestic issuances as provided in (ii) above, to the extent the conditions set forth in BCRA Communication “A” 6814 are met (i.e., the proceeds are deposited in a local foreign currency-denominated bank accounts and are simultaneously applied to transactions having access to the MULC, and the deal has no tax impact, among others).

Access to the foreign exchange market by security trusts for principal and interest payments

As imposed by Section 3.7 of Communication “A” 6844, local trusts created to guarantee principal and interest payments by resident debtors may access the MULC in order to make such payments at their scheduled maturity, to the extent that, pursuant to the current applicable regulations, the debtor would have had access to the MULC to make such payments directly. Also, subject to certain conditions, a fiduciary may access the MULC to guarantee certain capital payments and interest on financial debt abroad and anticipate access to it.

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 7,001, as amended by Communication “A” 7030, the BCRA established certain restrictions to carry out sales of securities via the settlement of foreign currency and its transfer to depository institutions abroad. In this connection, in order to carry out any outflow of funds, the entity must:

(ii) rely on an affidavit stating that the client did not carry out neither sales of securities via the settlement of foreign currency nor its transfer to foreign depository entities on the day that access to the foreign exchange market was requested and within 90 days prior to such request, as well as that the customer undertakes not to carry out such transactions from the date access to the foreign exchange market is requested and for the subsequent 90 calendar days.

In addition, Communication “A” 7030, as amended, established the prior approval of the BCRA for certain outflow of funds through the foreign exchange market, unless the entity has an affidavit from the client stating that at the time of access to the foreign exchange market:

(b) Undertakes to settle in pesos through the foreign exchange market, within five working days of its availability, those funds received abroad resulting from the collection of loans granted to third parties, the collection of a term deposit or the sale of any type of asset, when the asset has been acquired, the deposit constituted or the loan granted after May 28, 2020.

On the other hand, on June 11th, 2020, the BCRA issued the Communication “A” 7042, by means of which it relaxed some aspects of the restrictions imposed on the access to the official foreign exchange market that were established pursuant to Communications “A” 7001 and “A” 7030.

Regarding the requirement of non-existence of available liquid external assets that was imposed by Point 1 of Communication “A” 7030, the Communication introduces a series of exceptions:

· Access to the MULC is allowed when available liquid external assets do not exceed an amount equivalent to US$ 100,000.

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Pursuant to Section 3.3 of Communication “A” 6844, access to the foreign exchange market for the repayment of principal and interest of imports of goods and services shall be granted, provided that the operation has been declared, if applicable, in the last overdue presentation of the External Assets and Liabilities Reporting.

Such Section of Communication “A” 6844 states that BCRA’s prior approval will be required to access the MULC for the repayment of debts for imports of goods and services prior to the maturity of such indebtedness.

The BCRA sets forth different requirements depending on whether it relates to the payment of imports of goods with customs clearance or the payments of import of goods pending customs clearance. As mentioned below, the imports and import payments monitoring system (SEPAIMPO) has been reinstated, setting forth rules governing such monitoring process and exceptions thereof. Importers will need to appoint a financial entity in charge of monitoring compliance with the aforementioned obligations.

In that sense, the local importer must designate a local financial entity to act as a monitoring bank, which will be responsible for verifying compliance with the applicable regulations, including, among others, the liquidation of import financing and the entry of imported goods.

Prior authorization by the BCRA is required for access to the MULC for payments of overdue or due to payment debts for imports of goods with related companies abroad when it exceeds the equivalent of US $ 2 million per month per resident customer, as stated by Section 3.13 of Communication “A” 6844.

Likewise, by means of Communication “A” 7030, the BCRA has significantly restricted, until June 30th, 2020 (such period then extended in several opportunities), the possibility of accessing the FX Market to make advance payments for imports of goods and financing of imports of non-officialized goods. In this regard, the importer must submit an affidavit evidencing that the total amount of payments for imports of goods made through the exchange market during the year 2020 (including the payment being requested and any payment for cancellations of credit lines and/or commercial import guarantees), does not exceed the amount that the importer registers as “officialized” in the “Import Payment Tracking” system (SEPAIMPO) between January 1st, 2020 and the day prior to the access to the exchange market. Payments with pending customs registration will only be allowed in specific cases of exception; for instance, when the amount pending of regularization by the client for similar payments made as of September 1st, 2019 (including the amount for which access to the exchange market is requested), does not exceed the equivalent of US$ 250,000.

On the other hand, the Communication “A” 7042 relaxed some restrictions regarding the payments of imports imposed by Communication “A” 7030, that were applicable until June 30th, 2020:

Moreover, by means of Communication “A” 7052, BCRA relaxed some aspects of the restrictions imposed on access to the MULC for payments of imports.

Firstly, the Communication extended until July 31st, 2020 the requirement to have BCRA prior consent to cancel capital services for financial indebtedness obtained abroad, when the creditor is a counterparty linked to the debtor.

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Secondly, the Communication also extended until July 31st, 2020 the limitations on making payments of imports of goods that had not been nationalized through Argentine Customs. However, in this regard, BCRA established that certain relaxations to these rules will come into effect on July 6th, 2020, namely:

By means of Communication “A” 7094 dated August 27, 2020, the BCRA extended the deadline of Points 2 (special rules for the payment of imports) and 3 (restrictions on repayment of principal under financing owed to related parties) of Communication “A” 7030 (as amended and supplemented) until October 31, 2020.

In addition, such Communication extended the exception set out in Point 1(a)(iv) of Communication “A” 7030 (as amended by Communication “A” 7042) by providing that the US$ 100,000 limit on liquid external assets contemplated therein, will not be considered to be exceeded if such excess is caused by the proceeds of financings deposited in offshore bank accounts, up to an amount equivalent to the principal and interest payments due and payable by the local entity during the immediately following 365 days (until now, the term was 120 days).

By means of Communication “A” 7123 dated October 1, 2020, the BCRA amended the import regime and states that the amount for which the importer may access the exchange market, under the conditions set forth in point 2. of Communication "A" 7030 as supplemented, will be increased by the equivalent to 50% of the amounts that, as of October 2, 2020, the importer enters and settles in the exchange market for advances or pre-financing of exports with a minimum term of 180 days.

Moreover, by means of Communication “A” 7138 dated October 15, 2020, the BCRA established that the intervening entity must confirm that the importer has made the corresponding declaration through the Integral Import Monitoring System (Sistema Integral de Monitoreo de Importaciones, SIMI) in “UTPUT” status with respect to the goods involved (i) in all cases where such declaration is required to register the application for importation for consumption, or (ii) for the access to the foreign exchange market by local financial entities for the payment of letters of credit or secured letters issued or granted on or after October 16, 2020.

Furthermore, the Communication stated that, as of November 2, 2020, payments for imports of goods with pending customs revenue registration (payments on demand, payments of commercial debts abroad, or payment of commercial guarantees for imports of goods granted by local entities) made between September 2, 2019 and October 31, 2019, and which are not regularized, will be automatically considered to be in a state of delay.

Pursuant to Section 3.2 of Communication “A” 6488, residents may access the foreign exchange market for payment of services provided by non-residents (provided they are, unless expressly admitted, unrelated entities), for so long as such transaction has been reported, if applicable, pursuant to the External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime. Prior authorization from the BCRA is required for residents to access to the foreign exchange market for the repayment of debts or other liabilities in foreign currency to other residents.

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In accordance with Section 3.4 of Communication “A” 6844, access is granted to the local foreign exchange market to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders, subject to the following conditions:

Access to the MULC by other residents -excluding entities- for the formation of external assets and for derivatives transactions

Section 3.10 of Communication “A” 6844, establishes that the access to the MULC by local governments, Common Investment Funds, trusts, other universalities established in the country for the build-up of foreign assets and for derivatives transactions requires prior authorization by the BCRA.

Section 4.4 of Communication “A” 6844 imposes to derivatives transactions, including payment of premium, constitution of guarantees and settlement of futures, forwards, options and other derivatives, held in the country -as of September 11, 2019- the obligation to be made in local currency.

Likewise, access to the MULC for the payment premiums and settlements, margins and other collateral in connection with interest rate hedge agreements for foreign debt declared and validated, if applicable, in the External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime, as long as such agreements do not cover higher risks than external liabilities of the recorded debtor’s interest rate risk being covered.

An entity authorized to operate in the MULC must be designated by the debtor to track the operation and an affidavit must be provided in which the debtor undertakes to repatriate and settled the funds into Pesos that are in favor of the local client as a result of such operation, or as a result of the release of the funds of the constituted as collateral, within the following 5 business days.

Pursuant to Section 3.8 of Communication “A” 6844, as amended, Argentine residents may access the MULC for the purposes of external assets’ formation, family assistance or derivative operations (with some exceptions expressly mentioned) for up to US$200 (through debits to local bank accounts) or US$100 (in cash) per person per month through all authorized exchange entities. If the access entails a transfer of the funds abroad, the destination account must be an account owned by the same client.

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Likewise, by means of Communication “A” 7106 dated September 15, 2020, the BCRA made certain adjustments to the applicable foreign exchange regulations, including the following:

1. As of September 1, 2020, purchases made abroad with a debit card debited from local accounts in Pesos and amounts in foreign currency acquired by human persons for the payment of obligations between residents, including payments for credit card purchases in foreign currency, will be deducted, as of the subsequent month, from the US$ 200 quota for the purchase of foreign currency by human persons for the formation of foreign assets, family assistance and derivatives transactions.

2. In order to access the foreign exchange market, human residents must sign an affidavit undertaking not to enter into securities transactions in the country with settlement in foreign currency from the moment they require to do so and for the following 90 calendar days.

3. The holding period of at least 5 working days for securities acquired by human beings through settlement in foreign currency is eliminated.

For non-residents, the sale in the country of securities with settlement in foreign currency is prohibited (except for sale of securities acquired in the country with settlement in foreign currency from September 16, 2020 which remain in the portfolio of the non-resident for a term of no less than a year).

Furthermore, the Communication states that transactions with securities made abroad and securities acquired abroad may not be settled in Pesos in the country.

In accordance with Section 3.8 of Communication “A” 6844, BCRA prior approval will be required for access to the foreign exchange market by non-residents for the purchase of foreign currency. The operations of: (a) International organizations and institutions that perform functions of official export credit agencies, (b) Diplomatic representations and consular and diplomatic personnel accredited in the country for transfers made in the exercise of their functions, (c) Representatives in the country of Courts, Authorities or Offices, Special Missions, Commissions or Bilateral Bodies established by Treaties or International Agreements, in which the Argentine Republic is part, to the extent that transfers are made in the exercise of their functions, and (d) foreign transfers in the name of individuals who are beneficiaries of retirement and / or pensions paid by the Argentine Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social (ANSES), for up to the amount paid by said agency in the calendar month and to the extent that the transfer is made to a bank account owned by the beneficiary in your registered country of residence.

Pursuant to Section 4.2 of Communication “A” 6844, as amended, entities are allowed to carry out exchange and arbitrage operations with their clients in the following cases: (i) said operation is not subject to the MULC settlement obligation; (ii) an individual transfers funds from their local accounts in foreign currency to own bank accounts abroad (sworn statement must be submitted expressing that there has not been any sale of securities with local settlement in foreign currency within the last 5 business days), (iii) when foreign currency transfers by local central collective deposit securities for funds received in foreign currency for principal and interest services from National Treasury securities, (iv) arbitration operations not originated in foreign transfers provided that said funds are debited from an account in foreign currency of the client in a local entity, (v) may be carried out without the need to obtain prior BCRA approval, provided that if structured as separate transactions through the Peso, the same would have access to the MULC without BCRA authorization and (vi) foreign currency transfer by individuals from their local accounts in foreign currency to remittance accounts abroad for up to the equivalent of US$500 (five hundred US dollars) per calendar month in the aggregate (the entities must obtain a sworn statement from client stating that the transfer if for collaborate with the maintenance of Argentine residents who have had to stay abroad by virtue of the measures adopted within the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic).

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Entities authorized to operate on exchanges may not purchase securities in the secondary market with settlement in foreign currency or use holdings of their general exchange position for payments to local suppliers.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 7001, as amended by Communication “A” 7030, the BCRA established certain restrictions to carry out sales of securities via the settlement of foreign currency and its transfer to depository institutions abroad. In this connection, in order to carry out any outflow of funds, the entity must:

Communication “A” 7030 extended to 90 days the terms set forth in Item 3 of Communication “A” 7001, in such a way that whoever intends to access the FX Market for the acquisition of foreign currency, must not have carried out foreign currency purchase transactions through the so-called "blue chip swap" (by means of contado con liquidación (CCL) or electronic payment (MEP)) within 90 days prior to the date of access to the FX market (or from April 1st, 2020, whichever is later), nor may they do so within 90 days after such date.

Any operation that does not comply with the provisions of the foreign exchange controls is reached by the Foreign Exchange Criminal Regime.

The following summary of certain Argentine tax matters is based upon the tax laws of Argentina and regulations thereunder as of the date of this Annual Report and is subject to any subsequent changes in Argentine laws and regulations which may come into effect after such date. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a holder of such securities. No assurance can be given that the courts or tax authorities responsible for the administration of the laws and regulations described in this Annual Report will agree with this interpretation. Holders should carefully read “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Telecom Argentina’s Shares and ADSs—Changes in Argentine tax laws may adversely affect the tax treatment of our Shares or ADSs” in this Annual Report and consult their tax advisors regarding the tax treatment of the Class B Shares underlying ADSs and ADSs.

Pursuant to Law No. 26,893, dividends and other profits paid in cash or in non-cash assets —except for stock dividends—by companies and other entities incorporated in Argentina referred to in the Argentine Income Tax Law (the “Income Tax Law”), Sections 69 (a)(1), (2), (3), (6) and (7), and Section 69(b), were subject to income tax at a 10% rate except for those beneficiaries that were domestic corporate taxpayers. Law No. 27,260 repealed this withholding tax as of July 23, 2016. Consequently, no withholding tax were to be levied on dividends distributed to either Argentine or non-Argentine resident shareholders since then. This treatment applies only to dividends to be distributed at any time out of retained earnings accumulated until the end of the last fiscal year starting before January 1, 2018.

Likewise, the portion of those dividends exceeding the company’s accumulated net taxable income (as determined by application of the Argentine Income Tax Law), if any, was subject to a 35% withholding tax on such excess (the “Equalization Tax”). For purpose of the Equalization Tax, the amount of accumulated net taxable income to be considered shall be determined by (1) deducting the income tax paid by the company, and (2) adding the dividends and profits not subject to tax received as distributions from other corporations. If the distribution is in-kind, then the corporation should pay the tax to the Argentine tax authorities and would be entitled to seek reimbursement from the shareholders.

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Dividends to be distributed out of earnings accrued in fiscal years starting on or after January 1, 2018, are to be subject to a tax treatment different from the one previously described, based on the enactment of a comprehensive tax reform -Law No. 27,430-, published in the Official Gazette on December 29, 2017, and generally effective since January 1, 2018.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,430, amended by Law No. 27,541, published in the Official Gazette on December 23, 2019, dividends and other profits paid in cash or in non-cash assets —except for stock dividends—by companies and other entities incorporated in Argentina referred to in the Argentine Income Tax Law (the “Income Tax Law”), Sections 73 (O.T 2019) (a)(1), (2), (3), (6), (7) and (8), and Section 73(b) out of retained earnings accumulated in fiscal years starting on or after January 1, 2018, will be subject to withholding tax at a 7% rate (on profits accrued during fiscal years starting January 1, 2018 to December 31 2020), and at a 13% rate (on profits accrued in fiscal years starting January 1, 2021 and onwards), provided that they are distributed to Argentine resident individuals and foreign shareholders.

No dividend withholding tax applies if dividends are distributed to the aforementioned Argentine corporate entities required to assess the dividend withholding tax. In addition, the Equalization Tax is not applicable to these dividends.

The results derived from the transfer of shares and other equity interests, bonds and other securities of Argentine companies are subject to Argentine capital gains tax, regardless of the type of beneficiary who realizes the gains.

Capital gains obtained by Argentine corporate taxpayers (in general, entities organized or incorporated under Argentine law and local branches of non-Argentine entities) derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares are subject to income tax at the corporate rate on net income.

Law No. 27,430 established that as from January 1, 2018, gains realized by Argentine resident individuals (except for sole companies or commission agents) from the sale, transfer or disposition of shares, securities representing shares and certificates of deposit of shares are exempt from capital gains tax in the following cases: (i) when the shares are placed through a public offering authorized by the CNV, (ii) when the shares were traded in stock markets authorized by the CNV, under segments that ensure priority of price-time and interference of offers, or (iii) when the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares is made through an initial public offering and/or exchange of shares authorized by the CNV. For periods prior to 2018, it is currently under discussion the extent of the exemption (established by Law No. 26,893 and its implementing Decree No. 2,334/13) applicable to the sale of shares and other securities through a stock exchange market, so as to determine whether it applies only sales of securities made in stock exchanges duly authorized by the CNV or in any stock exchanges.

Pursuant Income Tax Regulatory Decree (O.T 2019), the conversion process by which individual residents change ADRs by excepted shares, will be considered a levied transaction at its value market price.

Pursuant to Law No. 26,893, capital gains obtained by non-Argentine residents from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares and other equity interests, bonds and other securities of Argentine companies were subject to capital gains tax until December 30, 2017, even if those transactions were entered into between nonresidents.

Law No. 27,430 provides that the capital gains tax applicable to nonresidents for transactions entered into between September 23, 2013 (when Law No. 26,893 became effective) and December 30, 2017, is still due and subsequent regulations stated the mechanism to have it paid. However, no taxes will be claimed to nonresidents with respect to past sales of Argentine shares or other securities traded in CNV’s authorized markets (such as ADSs) as long as the cause of the non-payment was the absence of regulations stating the mechanism of tax collection at the time the transaction was closed. AFIP General Resolution No. 4,227, which came into effect on April 26, 2018, stipulates that the income tax should be paid to the AFIP under the following procedures: (i) in case the securities were sold through an Argentine stock exchange market, and the withholding has been made, then the withholder must pay the tax, (ii) in case the securities were sold but not through an Argentine stock exchange market and there is an Argentine buyer involved, then the Argentine buyer should pay the income tax; and (iii) when both the seller and the buyer were foreign beneficiaries and the sale was not performed through an Argentine stock exchange market, the person liable for the tax is the buyer and the payment shall be made through an international bank via wire transfer to the AFIP. The payment of capital gains tax applicable for transactions entered into before December 30, 2017 was due on June 11, 2018.

In turn, Law No. 27,430 and the income tax regulatory Decree (O.T 2019), maintain the 15% capital gains tax (calculated on the actual net gain or a presumed net gain equal to 90% of the sale price) on the disposal of shares or securities by nonresidents. However, nonresidents are exempt from the capital gains tax on gains realized from the sale of (a) Argentine shares in the following cases: (i) when the shares are placed through a public offering authorized by the CNV, (ii) when the shares were traded in stock markets authorized by the CNV, under segments that ensure priority of price-time and interference of offers, or (iii) when the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares is made through an initial public offering and/or exchange of shares authorized by the CNV; and (b) depositary shares or depositary receipts issued abroad, when the underlying securities are shares (i) issued by Argentine companies, and (ii) with authorization of public offering. The exemptions will only apply to the extent the foreign beneficiaries reside in, or the funds used for the investment proceed from, jurisdictions considered as cooperating for purposes of the exchange of tax information.

In addition, it is clarified that, from 2018 onward, gains from the sale of ADSs will be treated as from Argentine source.

In case the exemption is not applicable and, to the extent foreign beneficiaries do not reside in, or the funds do not arise from, jurisdictions not considered as cooperative for purposes of fiscal transparency, the gain realized from the disposition of shares would be subject to Argentine income tax at a 15% rate on the net capital gain or at a 13.5% effective rate on the gross price. In case such foreign beneficiaries reside in, or the funds arise from, jurisdictions not considered as cooperative for purposes of fiscal transparency, a 35% tax rate on the net capital gain or at a 31.5% effective rate on the gross price should apply. On December 9, 2019, the official list of "non-cooperating" jurisdictions for tax purposes was published by means of Decree No. 682/19. Argentine tax authorities are required to report any news to the Ministry of Finance to modify this list

In such scenarios, according to AFIP General Resolution No. 4,227, the income tax should be withheld and paid to the AFIP under the following procedures: (i) in case the securities were sold by a foreign beneficiary, through an Argentine stock exchange market, the custodian entity should withhold and pay the tax if it is involved in the payment process; if it is not involved in the payment process but there is an Argentine buyer involved, the Argentine buyer should withhold the income tax (ii) in case the securities were sold by a foreign beneficiary, but not through an Argentine stock exchange market and there is an Argentine buyer involved, the Argentine buyer should withhold the income tax; and (iii) when both the seller and the buyer are foreign beneficiaries and the sale is not performed through an Argentine stock exchange market, the person liable for the tax shall be the legal representative of the seller of the shares or securities being transferred or directly by the seller, in the event that there was no local legal representative. In this case, the payment shall be made through an international bank via wire transfer to the AFIP.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine income tax consequences derived from the holding and disposing of ADSs or Class B Shares.

Argentine companies, such as us, have to assess and pay the personal assets tax corresponding to their shareholders that are Argentine individuals and non-Argentine resident persons.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,260, Argentine companies that have properly fulfilled their tax obligations during the two fiscal year periods prior to the 2016 fiscal year and comply with other requirements may qualify for an exemption from the personal assets tax for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 fiscal years. The request for this tax exemption should be filed before March 31, 2017. Telecom Argentina has already filed this request and has been granted the exemption for the referred fiscal years. Notwithstanding, in the future, Telecom Argentina may not be exempt from the payment of the personal assets tax.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,541, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the tax rate is 0.50%, which is to be assessed on the proportional net worth value (valor patrimonial proporcional), of the shares as per the Argentine entity’s last financial statements prepared under Argentine GAAP. Pursuant to the Personal Assets Tax Law, the Argentine company is entitled to seek reimbursement of such paid tax from the applicable Argentine domiciled individuals and/or foreign domiciled shareholders.

On December 18, 2020, Law No. 27,605 was published in the Official Gazette, which creates an extraordinary and one-time tax on wealth (also known as “Aporte Extraordinario y Solidario Para Ayudar a Morigerar los Efectos de la Pandemia'”) in order to face the effects of the coronavirus pandemic.

The extraordinary tax on wealth applies to individuals and undivided estates with assets of P$200 million or more as of the date of entry into force of the law, valued according to the rules of the Personal Assets Tax law, regardless the treatment those assets have on that tax, with no deduction of non-taxable minimum amounts.

Individuals and undivided estates (entities are excluded), residents of Argentina, are taxed on their assets located in Argentina and abroad.

Argentine nationals with domicile or residence in non-cooperating or low or non-taxation jurisdictions are considered as residents for purposes of the extraordinary tax on wealth.

For resident taxpayers, the taxable assets also include all contributions to trusts or private interest foundations and other similar structures, participation in companies or other entities of any type -without tax personality and direct or indirect participation in companies, or other entities of any type-, existing as of the date of entry into force of the law.

Non-resident individuals and undivided estates are taxed only on their assets located in Argentina.

Residency of taxpayers is determined according to the legal criteria established in Sections 116 to 123 of Income Tax Law as of December 31, 2019.

The law provides that, when variations in assets subject to the tax during the 180 days immediately preceding the enactment of the law may lead to presume an intent to evade or avoid the tax, AFIP may, except evidence to the contrary, include those assets in the tax base.

The law provides for tax rates ranging from 2% up to 3.5% for assets located in Argentina, and 3% and 5.25% for foreign assets. Therefore, the payable tax may start at P$4 million. The special tax rates related to foreign assets will not apply in case of repatriation to Argentina of (i) cash, and (ii) the taxpayer’s financial assets or their proceeds, which represent at least 30% of such assets, within 60 days from the date of entry into force of the law.

On January 29, 2021, Decree No. 42/21 was published in the Official Gazette, regulating new extraordinary tax on wealth. Decree No. 42/21 allows taxpayers to value their local companies shares (governed by GCL) to be included on the taxable base under one of two options:

Option 1) should be used if option 2) does not generate an amount to be paid, and if the percentage of the shares has varied between the closing date of the last financial year ended prior December 18, 2020 and that date. The chosen option will apply to all shares held in different entities. Local entities in which taxpayers hold shares must provide information on the valuation of the shares.

On February 8, 2021, AFIP Resolution No. 4,930/21 was published in the Official Gazette. AFIP Resolution No. 4,930/21 governs certain aspects of the aforementioned extraordinary tax on wealth, in addition to the provisions of Decree No. 42/21. AFIP Resolution No. 4,930/21 compels taxpayers assess and pay the tax on wealth before March, 30, 2021. In addition, AFIP implemented a new regime that analyzes variations in net worth that may have occurred within 180 days prior to the entry into force of Law No. 27,605, with a view to avoiding any evasive schemes derived from such variations. The following taxpayers must report their assets as of March 20, 2020:

b) Taxpayers not included in a), whose assets as of December 31, 2019 were valued -according to the Personal Assets Tax’s affidavit of such fiscal period- in an amount equal to or above P$130,000,000; and

c) Taxpayers not included in a), whose assets as of December 31, 2018 were valued -according to the Personal Assets Tax’s affidavit of such fiscal period- in an amount equal to or above P$80,000,000.

Both taxpayers included in b) and c) above must report their assets as of December 18, 2020.

Their informative affidavits must be submitted online between March 22, 2021 and April 30, 2021.

The sale, exchange or other disposition of Telecom Argentina shares and ADSs, and the distribution of dividends in connection therewith are exempted from the value added tax.

The tax on deposits to and withdrawals from bank accounts under Law No. 21,526 applies to certain deposits to and withdrawals from bank accounts with Argentine financial institutions and to other transactions that, due to their special nature and characteristics, are similar or could be used in lieu of a deposit to or withdrawal from a bank account. Therefore, any deposit to or withdrawal from a bank account opened in an institution regulated by Law No. 21,526, or any transaction deemed to be used in lieu of a deposit to or withdrawal from a bank account, is subject to the tax on deposits and withdrawals, unless a particular exemption is applicable. The tax rate in effect since August 1, 2001 has been 0.6% of the transaction volume.

Decree No. 534/04 provides that owners of bank accounts subject to the general tax rate of 0.6% may take into account as a tax credit of 34% of the tax originated in credits on such bank accounts. This amount may be computed as a credit for the income tax and tax on minimum presumed income. The amount computed as a credit is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,432 the PEN may decide that the percentage of the tax that was not computable as payment on account of income tax as of the date this Law became effective, will be progressively reduced by up to twenty percent (20%) per year as of January 1, 2018, and also may decide that, in 2022, the tax provided for in Law No. 25,413 and its amendments as a payment on account of income tax will be fully computed.

On May 7, 2018, Decree No. 409/18 was published. It established that for transactions reached at the general tax rate, it can be computed as a tax credit the 33% of the tax originated in both the accredited and the debited amounts and for the other taxable events achieved by the tax. In the case of operations taxed at a reduced rate, the computation as credit of the tax will be 20%.

These provisions are applicable to advances and balances of income tax corresponding to fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, for tax credits originated in taxable events that occurred since that date.

Gross turnover tax could be applicable to Argentine residents on the transfer of shares and on the collection of dividends by our shareholders to the extent such activity is conducted on a regular basis within an Argentine province or within the City of Buenos Aires. However, under the Tax Code of the City of Buenos Aires, any transactions with shares, as well as the perception of dividends are exempt from gross turnover tax. Holders of the Class A, B, C and D Shares or ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine gross turnover tax consequences derived from holding and disposing of the Class A, B, C and D Shares or ADSs or ADSs.

Stamp tax is a provincial tax that is levied based on the formal execution of public or private instruments. Documents subject to stamp tax include, among others, all types of contracts, notarial deeds and promissory notes. Each Argentine province and the City of Buenos Aires have its own stamp tax legislation. Stamp tax rates vary according to the jurisdiction and type of agreement involved.

There are no Argentine federal inheritances or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of Class A, B, C and D Shares.

Argentina has signed tax treaties for the avoidance of double taxation with several countries, although there is currently no tax treaty or convention in effect between Argentina and the United States. On December 23, 2016, Argentina and the United States signed an agreement for the exchange of information relating to taxes, which entered into force on November 13, 2017, so the first fiscal period with respect to which information could be exchanged is 2018.

The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences for a U.S. holder (as defined below) of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a holder of such securities, including alternative minimum tax and Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. This summary applies only to U.S. holders that hold ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes and does not address investors that are members of a class of holders subject to special rules, such as:

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs.

This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations promulgated thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. In addition, this summary assumes the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms. As mentioned above, there is currently no income tax treaty or convention in effect between Argentina and the United States.

U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S., Argentine or other tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs in their particular circumstances, including the effect of any state or local tax laws.

As used herein, the term “U.S. holder” means a holder that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs and is:

In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADSs will be treated as the owners of the underlying Class B Shares represented by those ADSs. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized if such holder exchanges ADSs for the underlying Class B Shares represented by those ADSs.

These statements assume that Telecom Argentina is not, and will not become, a Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC), as described below.

To the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of Telecom Argentina (as determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles), the gross amount of distributions made with respect to ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs will generally be included in the income of a U.S. holder as ordinary dividend income. Because Telecom Argentina does not maintain calculations of its earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, U.S. holders should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend. Dividends will not be eligible for the “dividends-received deduction” generally allowed to U.S. corporations under the Code. Dividends will be included in a U.S. holder’s income on the date of the U.S. holder’s (or in the case of ADSs, the depositary’s) receipt of the dividend. The amount of the distribution will equal the U.S. dollar value of the Pesos received (including amounts withheld in respect of Argentine taxes), calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date such distribution is received (which, for holders of ADSs, will be the date such distribution is received by the depositary), whether or not the depositary or U.S. holder in fact converts any Pesos received into U.S. dollars. If the distribution is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, U.S. holders should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. Any gains or losses resulting from the conversion of Pesos into U.S. dollars after the date on which the distribution is received will be treated as ordinary income or loss of the U.S. holder and will be U.S.-source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.

Subject to certain exceptions for short-term (60 days or less) and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends paid to certain individuals or other non-corporate U.S. holders will be taxable at the preferential rates if the dividends are “qualified dividends”. Dividends paid on the ADSs are generally treated as “qualified dividends” if (1) the ADSs are readily tradable on a securities market in the United States (such as the NYSE, where our ADSs are currently traded) and (2) we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC. Based on our consolidated financial statements and relevant market data, we believe that Telecom Argentina was not a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2020 taxable year. In addition, based on our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC for our 2021 taxable year or the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. If we were a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, U.S. holders of our ADSs could be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. Based on existing guidance, it is not entirely clear whether dividends received with respect to the Class B Shares underlying ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends, because the Class B Shares underlying ADSs are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the preferential dividend tax rates in light of their particular circumstances.

Distributions of additional shares in respect of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

Gain or loss realized by a U.S. holder on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as U.S.-source capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs for more than one year. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the U.S. holder’s tax basis in those ADSs or Class B Shares and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. Long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate taxpayers are subject to reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. If an Argentine tax is withheld, or otherwise paid, on the sale or disposition of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs, a U.S. holder’s amount realized will include the gross amount of the proceeds of the sale or disposition before deduction of the Argentine tax. See “—Argentine Taxes—Income Tax-Capital gains” for a description of when a disposition may be subject to taxation by Argentina.

Dividend distributions with respect to ADSs or Class B shares generally will be treated as “passive category” income from sources outside the United States for purposes of determining a U.S. holder’s U.S. foreign tax credit limitation. Subject to the limitations and conditions provided in the Code and the applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations, a U.S. holder may be able to claim a foreign tax credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability in respect of any Argentine income taxes withheld at the appropriate rate applicable to the U.S. holder from a dividend paid to such U.S. holder if the tax is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as imposed on the U.S. holder. Alternatively, the U.S. holder may be able to deduct such Argentine income taxes from its U.S. federal taxable income, provided that the U.S. holder elects to deduct rather than credit all foreign income taxes for the relevant taxable year. The rules with respect to foreign tax credits are complex and involve the application of rules that depend on a U.S. holder’s particular circumstances. Accordingly, U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

Capital gains realized by a U.S. holder on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs are generally exempt from tax under current Argentine law. However, if such tax is imposed in the future, it is possible that U.S. holders would be eligible to claim foreign tax credits in respect of such tax, subject to generally applicable restrictions under U.S. law. However, any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Class B Shares underlying ADSs will be treated as U.S. source income. Accordingly, even if foreign tax credits otherwise are available, an investor generally would not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Argentine tax imposed on such disposition unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources.

In addition, amounts paid on account of the personal assets tax (as described in “—Argentine Taxes—Personal assets tax”) generally will not be treated as an income tax for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will consequently not be eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex, and U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the creditability and deductibility of foreign taxes in their particular circumstances.

Certain U.S. holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of US$50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or US$75,000 at any time during the taxable year are generally required to file an information statement along with their tax returns, currently on Form 8938, with respect to such assets. “Specified foreign financial assets” include any financial accounts held at a non-U.S. financial institution, as well as securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer that are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions. Higher reporting thresholds apply to certain individuals living abroad and to certain married individuals. Regulations extend this reporting requirement to certain entities that are treated as formed or availed of to hold direct or indirect interests in specified foreign financial assets based on certain objective criteria. U.S. holders that fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, the statute of limitations for assessment of tax would be suspended, in whole or in part. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of these rules, including the application of the rules to their particular circumstances.

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting, and may be subject to backup withholding, unless the U.S. holder (1) provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding or (2) otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the internal revenue service.

You may request a copy of these filings by writing or telephoning the offices of Telecom Argentina at Alicia Moreau de Justo 50, (C1107AAB) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Telecom Argentina’s telephone number is 54-11-4968-4000. Our internet address is https://institucional.telecom.com.ar.

Telecom Argentina maintains a website at https://institucional.telecom.com.ar. The contents of the website are not part of this Annual Report.

Summarized below are the financial instruments we held as of December 31, 2020, that are sensitive to changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rate, if any. As a matter of policy, we may enter into forward exchange contracts, foreign currency swaps or other derivatives to manage the exposure attributed to foreign exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations associated with the principal amount of our liabilities in foreign currencies. We use these instruments to reduce risk by creating offsetting market exposures. The instruments we hold are not held for financial trading purposes. No foreign exchange forward or other derivatives for speculative purposes were outstanding during the reporting periods covered by this Annual Report.

Foreign exchange exposure arises from our funding operations and, to a lesser extent, our capital expenditures and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. The Peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate is determined by a free market with certain controls. See “Item 10—Additional Information—Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Argentina”.

Our results of operations are sensitive to changes in the Peso/dollar exchange rates because our primary assets are in Argentina and most of our revenues are denominated in Pesos (our functional currency) while some part of our liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies. However, Telecom Argentina and Núcleo had commercial debt nominated in U.S. dollars and Euros. Moreover, Núcleo’s bank overdrafts are denominated in its functional currencies (guaraníes) and accrue interest at a variable rate. In addition, Núcleo maintains guaraní denominated financial debt and accrues interest at a fixed rate. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources and Uses of Funds”.

Additionally, the Company has cash and cash equivalents, and investments denominated in U.S. dollars and Euros that are also sensitive to changes in Peso/U.S. dollar exchange rates and contribute to reduce the exposure to commercial and financial obligations in foreign currency.

Actions taken by the Argentine government could cause future exchange rates to vary significantly from current or historical exchange rates. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect the value, translated or converted into U.S. dollars, of our net assets, earnings and any declared dividends. We cannot give any assurance that any future movements in the exchange rate of the Peso against the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies will not adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. However, we believe that a significant depreciation in the Peso against major foreign currencies may have a material adverse impact on our capital expenditure program and in our operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies.

Within its structure of financial debt, Telecom and its subsidiaries have bank overdrafts denominated in Argentine Pesos accruing interest at rates that are reset at maturity, Notes at fixed rates and other financial entities loans denominated in Argentine Pesos, U.S. dollar and guaraníes that bear interest at a variable and fixed rate.

The Company has financial debts at variable rate, which amounts approximately to P$100,366 million as of December 31, 2020.

In order to reduce the effect of changes in interest rates, Telecom has NDF that amounts to P$18,513 million as of December 31, 2020, that convert variable rates into fixed rates. Therefore, the net financial debt not hedged amounts to P$81,853 million as of December 31, 2020. Management believes that any variation of 100 bps in the agreed interest rates would generate an impact on a financial results of P$819 million.

This analysis is based on the assumption that this change in interest rates occurs at the same time and for the same periods.

This sensitivity analysis provides only a limited point of view of the sensitivity to market risk of certain financial instruments. The actual impact of changes in interest rates of financial instruments may differ significantly from this estimate.

Net liability position in foreign currency of Telecom amounted to P$185,635 million as of December 31, 2020. In order to reduce the net liability position in foreign currency, Telecom has NDF as of December 31, 2020 amounting to US$117 million, therefore, the net liability not hedged amounts to US$2,088 million as of that date.

Based on the composition of the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2020, which is a not hedged net liability position in foreign currency of US$2,088 million., Management estimates that a variation in the US dollar exchange rate of 10% as described in the previous paragraph, plus or minus, would generate a variation of approximately P$17,571 million in the consolidated financial position in foreign currency.

This analysis is based on the assumption that this variation of the Argentine Peso occurred at the same time against all other currencies.

This sensitivity analysis provides only a limited, point-in-time view of the market risk sensitivity of certain of the financial instruments. The actual impact of market foreign exchange rate changes on the financial instruments may differ significantly from the impact shown in the sensitivity analysis.

See Note 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of financial risk management.

The ADSs are issued by the Depositary under the Deposit Agreement dated as of November 8, 1994, as amended, among Telecom Argentina, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (formerly Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York) (the “Depositary”) and the registered holders from time to time of the ADSs issued thereunder. The address of the Depositary’s principal executive office is 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, New York 10179. Each ADS represents rights to five Class B Shares.

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal. The Depositary also collects taxes and governmental charges from the holders of ADSs. The Depositary collects these fees and charges by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees (after attempting by reasonable means to notify the holder prior to such sale).

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs or portion thereof for issuances of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution, sale or exercise of shares or rights or other property. Investors depositing shares or holders withdrawing deposited securities are charged fees and expenses in connection with stock transfers, taxes and other governmental charges, cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery charges imposed at such person’s request, transfer or registration fees for the registration of transfer of ADSs on any applicable register in connection with the deposit or withdrawal of ADSs and the Depositary’s expenses in connection with the conversion of foreign currency.

The Depositary reimburses Telecom Argentina for certain expenses we incur in connection with the American depositary receipt program (the “ADR program”), subject to the agreement between us and the Depositary from time to time. These reimbursable expenses currently include listing fees, investor relations expenses and fees payable to service providers for the distribution of material to ADR holders. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Depositary reimbursed Telecom Argentina approximately US$128,367.14 in connection with the ADR program.

As of the date of this Annual Report, none of Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries are in default on any outstanding indebtedness.

Telecom’s Management, with the participation of our chief executive and financial officers, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2020 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive and financial officers have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Telecom’s Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Telecom as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Telecom’s Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of Telecom’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the COSO. Based on this evaluation, Telecom’s Management concluded that Telecom’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. The effectiveness of Telecom’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by PriceWaterhouse & Co. S.R.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

There were no other changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

On April 28, 2020, the Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina appointed the members of the Audit Committee acting until this year´s Annual Shareholders´ Meeting and determined that Carlos Alejandro Harrison qualifies as Audit Committee financial expert. In conducting this evaluation, the Board of Directors took into account Mr. Harrison’s professional background and educational training.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Board of Directors’ meeting for the appointment of the Audit Committee members for the fiscal year 2021 has not yet been held. Therefore, as of the date of this Annual Report, Carlos Alejandro Harrison, Martín Hector D’Ambrosio and Germán Horacio Vidal remain members of the Audit Committee. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—The Board of Directors”.

This document provides the ethical principles to which Telecom Argentina and all members of the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Committee, the CEO, Managers and in general all those who work in the Company must abide.

Adjustments made to regulations in recent years and in matters of corporate governance, organization and implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of conflict of interest and corrupt practices, and that are applicable to Telecom Argentina as a company subject to regime of public offering both in Argentina and the United States, have been taken into account for the formulation and approval of the Code of Ethics and Conduct.

No waivers, express or implicit, have been granted to any senior officer or member of the Board of Directors of Telecom Argentina with respect to any provision of the Code of Ethics and Conduct.

The Code of Ethics and Conduct is available on our website at https://institucional.telecom.com.ar/grupotelecom.html#en and the latest update was filed with the SEC on Form 6-K on November 8, 2019.

The following table provides information on the aggregate fees for services rendered by our principal accountants (in millions of Pesos) for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Figures are not restated for inflation.

On March 22, 2004, Telecom Argentina’s Board of Directors approved policies and procedures relating to the pre-approval of auditors’ services and other permitted services (collectively, “Pre-Approval Procedures”) for the engagement of any service provided by external auditors to Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries. Telecom Argentina’s Board of Directors performed Pre-Approval Procedures until April 2004. As of April 2004, the date on which the Audit Committee came into effect, Pre-Approval Procedures were performed by the Audit Committee. Consequently, since that date, all auditors’ services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

The Pre-Approval Procedures also provide for the following categorization of services:

“Prohibited services” are those services that external auditors are not allowed to provide based on prohibitions contained in the statutory rules of Argentina and the United States (i.e., bookkeeping; financial information system design and implementation; appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions or contribution-in-kind reports; actuarial services; internal audit outsourcing services; management functions; broker/dealer, investment adviser, or investment banking services; or expert services unrelated to the audit).

“Permitted Services” include (i) audit services; (ii) audit-related services; (iii) tax services; and (iv) other services such as permitted internal control advice. Moreover, the services included in each category were also detailed, and, where appropriate, any limits imposed on the provision thereof to ensure external auditors’ independence.

The Pre-Approval Procedures also require pre-approval for the following services:

If Telecom Argentina’s external auditors are to provide any service, the service must either be granted as general pre-approval or specific pre-approval under the Pre-Approval Procedures. The Pre-Approval Procedures require the Audit Committee to consider whether the services to be provided are consistent with the legal and professional rules in effect in Argentina and the United States relating to external auditors’ independence.

Telecom Argentina’s corporate governance practices differ from corporate governance practices of U.S. companies. Telecom Argentina maintains a detailed description of the significant differences in corporate governance practices on its website at https://institucional.telecom.com.ar/inversores/gobiernocorporativo.html, last updated February 2020.

The following is a summary of the material aspects in which Telecom Argentina’s corporate governance policies differ from those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards.

According to the provisions of CNV Resolution No. 797/19, Telecom Argentina prepares and submits to the CNV, on an annual basis, a report which indicates and details the CNV’s recommended corporate governance practices as set forth in the CNV public offer regime, explains the practices followed by Telecom Argentina, and the reasons for any variation from practices recommended by the CNV. Telecom Argentina’s 2020 Corporate Governance Report was submitted to the CNV as part of the Statutory Annual Report dated March __, 2021. Telecom Argentina’s Corporate Governance Reports submitted to the CNV can be accessed through the CNV’s website, www.cnv.gob.ar and Telecom Argentina’s website, https://institucional.telecom.com.ar.

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Telecom Argentina S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

We draw attention to Note 19.2.j. to the consolidated financial statements, which describes the situation related to the resolution issued by the Secretariat of Domestic Trade of the Nation to calculate the monthly fee payable by the users of cable television services. The outcome of this situation cannot be foreseen to date. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

As described in Notes 3.l), 3.v), 3.v.1) and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $ 251,908 million as of December 31, 2020, and the goodwill associated with the Argentinian business operations (“the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) in Argentina”) was $ 250,641 million as of December 31, 2020. Management conducts an impairment test as of December 31 of each year, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. Potential impairment is identified by comparing the recoverable value of the CGU in Argentina, which includes goodwill balance, to its carrying value. Recoverable value of the CGU is determined as the higher value between its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Fair value less cost of disposal is calculated by management using the Company’s market capitalization value and value in use is estimated using a discounted cash flow model. The assessment of the recoverable value of the CGU in Argentina included significant judgments by management. As of December 31, 2020, the recoverable value of the CGU in Argentina was determined by management through the fair value less costs of disposal. To determine the fair value of the CGU in Argentina, the market capitalization value of the Company was adjusted for (i) the estimated fair value of other CGUs, (ii) the effect of the net liabilities not subject to this impairment test at their estimated fair value and (iii) estimated disposal costs in an orderly transaction.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the CGU in Argentina is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management when developing the assessment of the recoverable value of the CGU in Argentina, which was determined using fair value less costs of disposal. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to assess the fair value less costs of disposal of the CGU in Argentina and to evaluate adjustments made by management to the Company’s market capitalization value, including the estimated fair value of other CGUs and the effect of the net liabilities not subject to the impairment test at their estimated fair value. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing these procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the determination of the fair value less cost of disposal for the CGU in Argentina. These procedures also included, among others, evaluating the appropriateness of the fair value less costs of disposal determination for the CGU in Argentina; testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the estimate; and evaluating the adjustments to the Company’s market capitalization value made by management, including the estimated fair value of other CGUs and the estimated fair value for the net liabilities not subject to the impairment test. Evaluating management’ adjustments to Company’s market capitalization value to determine the fair value less costs of disposal of the CGU in Argentina involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the consistency with: (i) valuation techniques generally used to determine fair values, (ii) external market data and (iii) evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the methodology used by management to determine the fair value less costs of disposal and the reasonableness of the fair value of the net liabilities not subject to the impairment test.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

(In millions of Argentine pesos in current currency, except per share data in Argentine pesos in current currency - Note 1.e)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

(1) As of December 31, 2018 and 2019 total shares, were issued and fully paid. As of December 31, 2018, 15,221,373 were treasury shares.

(2) Corresponds to the Facultative Reserve to maintain the capital investments level and the current level of solvency.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

(2) Corresponds to the Facultative Reserve to maintain the capital investments level and the current level of solvency.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-10

See Note 4.b for additional information on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-11

The following explanations are not technical definitions, but to assist the general reader to understand certain terms as used in these consolidated financial statements.

“Abono fijo”: Under the “Abono fijo” plans, a subscriber pays a set monthly bill and, once the contract minutes per month have been used, the subscriber can obtain additional credit by recharging the phone card through the prepaid system.

AFIP (Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos): The Argentine federal tax authority.

AMBA (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires): the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires.

ADS: Telecom Argentina’s American Depositary Share, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, each representing 5 Class B Shares.

BCRA (Banco Central de la República Argentina): The Central Bank of Argentina.

Cablevisión: Company absorbed by Telecom since January 1, 2018, whose activities are continued by Telecom.

CNC (Comisión Nacional de Comunicaciones): The Argentine National Communications Commission.

CNDC (Comisión Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia): The Argentine Antitrust Commission.

CNV (Comisión Nacional de Valores): The Argentine National Securities Commission.

CONATEL (Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones del Paraguay): The Regulatory Authority of Paraguay.

CPCECABA (Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires): The Professional Council of Economic Sciences of the City of Buenos Aires.

CVH: Cablevisión Holding S.A., controlling company of Telecom since January 1, 2018 (Note 27.a).

DNU (Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia): Decree of Urgency issued by the Argentine Government.

ENACOM (Ente Nacional de Telecomunicaciones): The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Argentina.

ENTel (Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones): Argentine State Telecommunication Company, which was privatized in November, 1990.

FACPCE (Federación Argentina de Consejos Profesionales en Ciencias Económicas): Argentine Federation of Professional Councils of Economic Sciences.

FFSU or SU Fund (Fondo Fiduciario del Servicio Universal): Universal Service Fiduciary Fund.

Fixed assets: Includes PP&E, Intangible assets, Goodwill and Rights of use assets.

IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

LGS (Ley de General de Sociedades): Argentine Corporations Law No. 19,550 as amended. Since the enforcement of the new Civil and Commercial Code its name was changed to “General Corporations Law”.

PCS (Personal Communications Service): A mobile communications service with systems that operate in a similar manner to cellular systems.

F-12

RECPAM (Resultado por exposición a los cambios en el poder adquisitivo de la moneda): Inflation Adjustment Gain (Loss)

Regulatory Authority: Previously, the SC and the CNC. Since the issuance of the Decree of Need and Urgency No. 267/15, the Regulatory Authority is the National Communications Agency (ENACOM).

Roaming: a function that enables mobile subscribers to use the service on networks of operators other than the one with which they signed their initial contract. The roaming service is active when a mobile device is used in a foreign country (included in the GSM network).

RT 26: Technical resolution No. 26 issued by the FACPCE, amended by RT29 and RT43.

SC (Secretaría de Comunicaciones): The Argentine Secretary of Communications.

SCMA (Servicio de Comunicaciones Móviles Avanzadas): Mobile Advanced Communications Service.

SRCE (Servicio Radioeléctrico de Concentración de Enlaces): Radio-electric Service of Concentration of Links.

SRMC (Servicio de Radiocomunicaciones Móvil Celular): Cellular Mobile Radiocommunications Service.

SRS (Servicio de Radiodifusión por Suscripción por vínculo físico y/o radioeléctrico.): Subscription Broadcasting Service by physical and / or radio-electric link.

SU: The availability of Basic telephone service, or access to the public telephone network via different alternatives, at an affordable price to people within a country or specified area.

Micro Sistemas/Pem/CV Berazategui/Cable Imagen/Última Milla/AVC Continente Audiovisual/Inter Radios: Names corresponding to limited companies or limited responsibility companies that are directly or indirectly controlled according to the definition of the General Corporations Law, or were controlled by the Company, directly or indirectly: Micro Sistemas S.A.U., Pem S.A., CV Berazategui S.A., Cable Imagen S.R.L., Última Milla S.A., AVC Continente Audiovisual S.A., Inter Radios S.A.U.

Telecom USA/Núcleo/Personal Envíos/Tuves Paraguay / Televisión Dirigida / Adesol: Names corresponding to foreign companies Telecom Argentina USA, Inc., Núcleo S.A., Personal Envíos S.A., Tuves Paraguay S.A., Televisión Dirigida S.A. y Adesol S.A., respectively, companies that are directly or indirectly controlled according to the definition of the General Corporations Law.

La Capital Cable/Ver TV/TSMA: Names corresponding to limited companies La Capital Cable S.A., Ver T.V. S.A. and Teledifusaora San Miguel Arcángel S.A., respectively, companies that are directly or indirectly associates according to the definition of the General Corporations Law.

TMF Administration Trust / TMF Trust: Administration Trust – Telecom Argentina’s refinancing plan agreed with TMF Trust Co.

VAS (Value-Added Services): Services that provide additional functionality to the basic transmission services offered by a telecommunications network such as SMS, Video streaming, Personal Video, Personal Cloud, M2M (Communication Machine to Machine), Social networks, Personal Messenger, Contents and Entertainment (content and text subscriptions, games, music ringtones, wallpaper, screensavers, etc), MMS (Mobile Multimedia Services) and Voice Mail, among others.

VLG: VLG S.A.U. (formerly VLG Argentina LLC), a company that is a shareholder of the Company and controlled by CVH.

In these Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise stated, Argentine peso amounts are stated in millions.

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NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PREPARATION OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Telecom Argentina was created through the privatization of ENTel, the state-owned company that provided telecommunication services in Argentina.

Telecom Argentina’s license, as originally granted, was exclusive to provide telephone services in the northern region of Argentina since November 8, 1990 through October 10, 1999. As from such date, the Company also began providing telephone services in all the country.

In November 2017, the Company merged between Telecom Personal S.A., so, since that date, it provides directly mobile telecommunications services. Additionally, as a consequence of the merger with Cablevisión S.A. (accounted for as a reverse acquisition), since January 1, 2018, the operations that Cablevisión developed as of December 31, 2017, which mainly consisted in the provision of cable television services through networks installed in different localities in Argentina and Uruguay, are developed by the Company.

Therefore, the Company mainly provides fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television services, data and Internet services in Argentina and, through its subsidiaries, it also provides the mentioned services in Uruguay and Paraguay. Also, it provides international telephony services in the United States of America.

Information on Telecom’s licenses and on the regulatory framework is described under Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2020, the following are the subsidiaries included in the consolidation process and the respective equity interest owned by Telecom Argentina:

On July 15, 2020 the Company entered into a trust agreement with TMF Trust Company (100% interest in capital stock) until November 5, 2020, date in which its term was finalized. As a result, consolidated operations of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes those operations carried out by the Trust during its term. For further information, see Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements.

An operating segment is defined as a component of an entity that may earn revenues and incur expenses, and whose financial information is available, held separately, and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker. In the case of the Company, the Executive Committee and the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) are responsible for controlling recourses and for the economic and financial performance of Telecom.

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The Executive Committee and the CEO have a strategic and operational vision of Telecom as a single business unit in Argentina, according to the current regulatory context of the converged ICT services industry (adding to the same segment both the activities related to the mobile services, internet services, cable television and fixed telephony services, services governed by the same regulatory framework of ICT services). To exercise its functions, both the Executive Committee and the CEO receive periodically the economic-financial information of Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries (in current currency as of the date of each transaction), that is prepared as a single segment and evaluate the evolution of business as a unit of generation of results, administrating the resources in a unique way to achieve the objectives. Regarding to costs, they are not specifically appropriate to a type of service, considering that the Company has a single payroll and operating expenses that affect all services in general (non-specific). On the other hand, decisions on CAPEX affect all the types of services provided by Telecom in Argentina and not specifically to one of them. Based on what was previously described and under the accounting principles (provided by IFRS as issued by the IASB), it was defined that the Company has a single segment of operations in Argentina.

Telecom carries out activities abroad (Paraguay, United States of America and Uruguay). These operations are not analyzed as a separate segment by the Executive Committee and the CEO, who analyze the consolidated information of companies in Argentina and abroad (in current currency as of the date of each transaction), considering that the activities of foreign companies are not significant for Telecom. Operations carried out abroad by Telecom do not meet the aggregation criteria established by the standard to be grouped within the "Services rendered in Argentina" segment, and considering that they do not exceed any of the quantitative thresholds identified in the standard to qualify as reportable segments, they are grouped within the category "Other abroad segments".

Presented below is the Segment financial information as it is analyzed by the Executive Committee and the CEO for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

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Additional information per geographical area required under IFRS 8 (Operating Segments) is disclosed below:

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As required by the CNV, these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, and in accordance with RT 26 (and its amendments) of FACPCE as adopted by the CPCECABA. IFRS also includes the International Accounting Standards or “IAS”; the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee or “IFRIC”, the Standard Interpretations Committee or “SIC” and the conceptual framework.

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires that the Company's Management make estimates that affect the figures disclosed in the financial statements or its supplementary information. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where estimates are significant are disclosed under Note 3.v) to these consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements (except for the statement of cash flows) are prepared in current currency as of December 31, 2020 (see item e) and on an accrual basis of accounting (except for the consolidated statement of cash flows). Under this basis, the effects of transactions are recognized when they occur. Therefore, income and expenses are initially recognized at fair value on an accrual basis regardless of when they are received or paid. When significant, the difference between the fair value and the nominal amount of income and expenses is recognized as finance income or expense using the effective interest method.

These consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020, were approved by resolution of the Board of Directors’ meeting held on March 9, 2021.

The financial statement formats adopted are consistent with IAS 1. In particular:

These consolidated financial statements contain all disclosures required under IFRS. Some additional disclosures required by the LGS and/or by the CNV have been also included.

IAS 29 establishes the conditions under which an entity shall state its financial statements in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the latest reporting period if it operates in an economic environment considered “hyperinflationary”.

To determine the existence of a highly inflationary economy under the terms of IAS 29, the standard details a series of factors to consider, including a cumulative inflation rate over three years that is close to or exceeds 100%.

The macroeconomic events that have taken place in the country during 2018 and the three-year accumulated inflation rate as of December 31, 2018, that reached 147.8%, showed the compliance with the qualitative and quantitative factors provided for in IAS 29 to consider Argentina as a highly inflationary economy for accounting purposes. On the other hand, FACPCE issued Resolution No. 539/18 on September 29, 2018 which defined the need to restate the financial statements of Argentine companies for reporting periods ended after July 1, 2018, establishing specific issues in relation to the restatement for inflation such as, for example, the indexes to be used (resolution approved on October 10, 2018, by the CPCECABA through Resolution No. 107/18).

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In addition, Law No. 27,468 amended Section 10 of Law No. 23,928, as amended, providing that the repeal of all the laws and regulations that establish or authorize price indexation, currency restatement, cost variance and any other form of restatement of debts, taxes, prices or fees related to property, works or services does not apply to financial statements, which remain subject to Section 62 of the General Associations Law, as amended. In addition, it repealed Decree No. 1,269/02, as amended, and delegated on the PEN, through its oversight agencies, the power to set the date as from which those regulations will come into effect in relation to the financial statements that are presented to them. Therefore, through Resolution No. 777/18, CNV established the method to restate financial statements in current currency in accordance with IAS 29 for years/periods ended since December 31, 2018. According to this, these consolidated financial statements are restated in terms of current currency as of December 31, 2020.

In relation to the inflation index to be used, according to Resolution No. 539/18, it was determined according to the Internal Wholesale Price Index (IWPI) until the year 2016, considering for the months of November and December 2015 the average variation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of the City of Buenos Aires. Then, from January 2017, the National Consumer Price Index (National CPI) was considered.

The table below show the evolution of the CPI in the last three years according to official statistics (INDEC) and following the guidelines provided by Resolution No. 539/18, as well as the devaluation of the argentine peso against the dollar for the same years:

The Company restated all the non-monetary items in order to reflect the impact of the inflation restatement reporting in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2019. Consequently, the main items restated were Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible assets, Rights of Use Assets, Goodwill, Inventories, certain Investments in associates and the Equity items. Each item must be restated since the date of the initial recognition in the Company's Equity or since the last revaluation. Monetary items have not been restated because they are stated in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2020.

Comparative figures are also presented in the current currency of December 31, 2020.

In the Income Statement, items must be restated from the dates when the items of income and expense were originally recorded. The Company shall apply the variations in monthly general price index.

Financial results related to foreign currency exchange and accrued interest are determined in real terms, excluding the inflationary effect contained therein.

The effect of inflation on the monetary position is included in the Income Statement under Other financial results, net.

The items of the Statement of Cash Flows must also be restated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date. IAS 29 para 33 states that all items in the statement of cash flows are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. The gain arising from the restatement has an impact on the Income Statement and must be eliminated from the Statement of Cash Flows because it is not considered cash or cash equivalent.

All components of the Statement of Changes in Equity, except retained earnings, must be restated from the dates on which the items were contributed or otherwise arose.

As the book value of the equity of Telecom as of the date of the merger was stated at historical cost, the value of the Merger Surplus as of that date did not contemplate the effect of the inflation adjustment. Therefore, such value was determined again as the difference between the fair value of the consideration transferred and the book value of Telecom’s Equity restated for inflation to such date, modifying the initial value recognized for the Merger Surplus.

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The subsidiaries, associates and companies under common control that use functional currencies other than the Argentine peso (mainly foreign companies with economies that are not considered to be hyperinflationary), must not restate for inflation their financial statements, in accordance with IAS 29.

Notwithstanding, and only for reporting and consolidation purposes, the comparative figures presented in Argentine pesos in the Income Statement corresponding to the current year and the previous year must be stated using the exchange rates at the transaction date. In addition, the initial items of the Statement of Changes in Equity must be reported at the closing rate without modifying its total amount due to the fact that it is translated into the closing exchange rate, which implies that a translation adjustment is recognized against Retained Earnings and Other Comprehensive Results.

The activities of the Company that provides Information and Communication Technologies Services (“ICT”) are regulated by a set of rules and regulations that comprise the regulatory framework of the telecommunication sector.

The Regulatory Authority for ICT services in Argentina is ENACOM (National Communications Agency) which is currently under the jurisdiction of the Secretariat of Public Innovation under the Cabinet of Ministers.

Micro Sistemas is registered as a PSP (Payment Service Providers that offer payment accounts) and is under the oversight of the BCRA and the “Financial Information Unit” (Unidad de Información Financiera or “UIF”) regulations for this type of operations.

Núcleo, with operations in the Republic of Paraguay, is under the oversight of the CONATEL (such as TUVES), and Personal Envíos is under the oversight of the Central Bank of the Republic of Paraguay.

Telecom USA, which operates in the United States of America, is under the oversight of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”).

Finally, Adesol, a company incorporated in Uruguay, has contractual relationships with several licensees that provide subscription television services in such country through various systems, which are under the oversight of the Communication Services Regulatory Agency (“URSEC”, for its Spanish acronym).

The licenses for rendering SCM services were originally granted to Personal and were subsequently transferred to Telecom under the reorganization with Personal pursuant to ENACOM Resolution No. 4,545-E/17. Such licenses were granted for the provision of STM in the Northern Region of Argentina, of SRMC in the AMBA area, and of PCS and SCMA throughout the country.

In relation to the merger with Cablevisión pursuant to ENACOM Resolution No. 5,644-E/17, the Company also acquired licenses and authorizations to render SRCE services and the Registration to render Physical and Radio-Electric Link Subscription Broadcasting Services and the corresponding authorizations.

Núcleo holds a license to provide mobile telecommunication services - STMC and PCS throughout Paraguay. In addition, Núcleo holds a license for the installation and exploitation of Internet and data services throughout Paraguay. All these licenses were granted for renewable five-year periods.

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Personal Envíos is authorized by the Central Bank of the Republic of Paraguay to operate as an Electronic Payment Company (“EMPE”, for its Spanish acronym) through Resolution No. 6 issued on March 30, 2015, and its corporate purpose is restricted to such service.

Tuves Paraguay has a license for the provision of direct-to-home subscription audio and television services ("DATDH"). This license has been granted for renewable five-year periods.

Among the main regulations that govern the services rendered by the Company, the following stand out:

On the other hand, the exploitation of physical and/or radio-electric link subscription broadcasting services held by the Company, originally granted under Law No. 22,285, are currently governed by the LAD since DNU No. 267/15 was issued.

Enacted in December 2014, the LAD maintained the single country-wide license scheme and the individual registration of the services to be rendered but replaced the name telecommunication services with ICT Services, and included several amendments to the regulatory services of these services.

The LAD, passed on December 19, 2014, incorporated several changes to the telecommunication services regulatory framework.

Law No. 19,798, the Telecommunications Act (passed in 1972), as amended, continues in effect only with respect to those provisions that do not contradict the provisions of the LAD (among them, for example, Section 39 of Law No. 19,798 regarding the exemption from all taxes on the use of soil, subsoil and airspace for telecommunications services).

The LAD also revoked Decree No. 764/00, as amended, but provisions of the decree that do not contradict the LAD will remain in effect during the time it takes the Regulatory Authority to issue new licensing, interconnection services, SU and spectrum regulations (see item f) - “Other Rules” to this Note).

On January 4, 2016, DNU No. 267/15 was published in the Official Gazette, which amended Law No. 26,522 (“the Audiovisual Communication Services”) and Law No. 27,078 (LAD), and created the ENACOM as the Enforcement Authority for these laws. On April 8, 2016, the House of Representatives voted in favor of the validity of DNU No. 267/15. Thus, such DNU acquired the status of Law.

Among the main amendments to the LAD related to the Subscription Broadcasting Service, the following stand out:

It should be noted that pursuant to Section 21 of DNU No. 267/15 and until the enactment of a law that will unify the fee regime provided under the LSCA (Law of Audiovisual Communications Services) and the LAD, the physical link and radio-electric link subscription broadcasting services will continue to be subject only to the fee regime provided under LSCA. Therefore, they shall not be subject to the SU investment contribution or the payment of the Control, Oversight and Verification Fee provided under Sections 22 and 49 of the LAD.

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Decree No. 1,340/16 issued by PEN and published in the Official Gazette on January 2, 2017 provides the rules for achieving a greater convergence of networks and services under competitive conditions, promoting the deployment of next generation networks and the penetration of Broadband Internet access throughout the national territory, in accordance with the provisions of the LSCA and the LAD.

This Decree also sets out some principles on interconnection matters contemplated in the Interconnection regulations, approved through Resolution No. 286/18 (see item f) - “Other Rules” to this Note).

On August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/20 amending the LAD. Decree No. 690/20 declared ICT services (which includes fixed and mobile telephony services, cable television and Internet –as well as access to telecommunications networks for and between licensees as “Essential and Strategic Competition Public Services”, and empowered ENACOM to ensure accessibility.

Decree No. 690/20 further established that the prices of the Essential and Strategic Competition Public ICT Services, the prices of those services provided in accordance with the Universal Service and and the prices of those services determined by ENACOM for public interest reasons, shall be regulated by ENACOM.

Moreover, Decree No. 690/20 established that ENACOM is the agency responsible for the enactment of any regulation related to the ICT’s PBU.

Finally, the Decree No. 690/20 suspended any price increases or changes set or announced by the ICT’s licensees from July 31, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

Resolution No. 1,466/20 allowed ICT licensees providing Internet access services, subscription broadcasting services through physical, radio-electric or satellite link, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services -in all cases in their different and respective modalities- to increase retail prices for services up to 5% during January 2021. In order to establish the percentages approved, licensees shall must consider the prices effective as of July 31, 2020 as the price of reference. Such Resolution also provides that ICT Services Licensees may request a higher increase on an exceptional basis in accordance with the provisions of Section 48 of the LAD.

Resolution No. 1,467/20 regulated the Compulsory Universal Telecommunication Service (“PBU”) provided by Decree No. 690/20 for the different services provided by ICT licensees, establishing the price and the characteristics of each service plan, namely:

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The Company has initiated legal proceedings before the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters challenging the constitutionality of Decree No. 690/20 and the aforementioned ENACOM Resolutions and requesting a preliminary injunction that would suspend its application. The preliminary injunction was denied on January 29, 2021 and the Company appealed the court’s decision. As of the date of this consolidated financial statements, the resolution of the mentioned appeal is still pending. The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the actions available to the Company in order to protect its legal rights.

Preliminary injunction requested by “Asociación Civil de Usuarios Bancarios Argentinos” (“ACUBA”)

On January 27, 2021, the Company was served with notice of a preliminary injunction granted by the Civil and Commercial Court No. 10 of Mar del Plata obtained by ACUBA in the aforementioned case, which ordered the Company to roll back the tariffs of broadcasting services subscriptions, Internet access services, fixed telephony services and mobile telecommunications services to those of December 2020, which could only be increased up to 5% as authorized by ENACOM, and maintain such tariffs until any modification is resolved. Telecom challenged the preliminary injunction for lack of jurisdiction, and requested that the resolution granting the preliminary injunction be declared nulled. Telecom further requested that the preliminary injunction be lifted. A decision from the court remains pending as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. The Company argued that a preliminary injunction obtained by a representative of the industry of the Province of Córdoba from the federal courts of the province expressly suspended the application of Decree No. 690/20, Decree No. 311/20 and prohibited ENACOM from issuing any subsequent resolutions.

The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the actions that may be necessary in order to protect its rights.

Preliminary injunction requested by a representative of the industry of the Province of Córdoba

On February 2, 2021, the Company was informed by “Asociación Argentina de Televisión por Cable” (“ATVC”), that a preliminary injunction requested by a representative of the cable television industry of the Province of Córdoba was granted ordering the suspension of Decree N° 690/20, of Decree N° 311/20 and of all measures adopted as a result of those decrees. The court also ordered the PEN and the ENACOM to abstain from issuing or pursuing any subsequent measures based on such decrees, until a final court decision is rendered.

Annex III of Decree No. 764/00 required providers of telecommunications services to contribute 1% of their total accrued revenues, net of applicable taxes and charges, to the FFSU. The regulation adopted a “pay or play” mechanism for compliance with the mandatory contribution to the SU Fund. The regulation also established the exemption to contribute to the FSU in the following events: (i) for local services provided in areas with teledensity lower than 15%, and ii) when certain conditions exists in connection with a formula which combines the foregone revenues and the market share of other operators than Telecom Argentina and Telefónica who provide local telephony. Likewise, the regulation created a committee responsible for the administration of the SU Fund and the development of specific SU programs.

Resolution No. 80/07, issued by the SC, provided that until the SU Fund was effectively implemented, telecommunication service providers were required to open an account at Banco de la Nación Argentina to deposit the corresponding amounts on a monthly basis. In August 2007, Resolution No. 2,713 of the former CNC was published, which provided details regarding the concepts that have been achieved and those that are offset for the purpose of calculating the contribution obligation to the FFSU.

After several decrees and laws which approved and amended the General Regulation of the Universal Service (“RGSU”, for its Spanish acronym), replacing Annex III of Decree No. 764/00, ENACOM approved a new RGSU through Resolution No. 721/20, which replaced the RGSU that had been approved by ENACOM Resolution No. 2,642/16.

The new Regulation maintains the obligation to contribute 1% of total revenues, as provided in the previous Resolution. Among the most relevant matters, the new Regulation provides:

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In addition, within the framework of the new RGSU, SU Programs have been approved providing for the deployment of fixed broadband, deployment of access networks to mobile communications services and services to public institutions, among others.

According to the provisions of SC Resolution No. 80/07, No. 154/10 and CNC Resolution No. 2,713/07, Telecom filed its affidavits including the offset amounts related to the services that should be considered as SU services.

However, several years after the market’s liberalization and the effectiveness of the SU regulations, which were replaced with Decree No. 558/08 and the LAD, incumbent operators have still not received any offsets for providing services with the characteristics set forth under the SU regime.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has filed its monthly SU affidavits related to the services associated with its original license to render SBT, which resulted in a receivable of approximately $13,229 (unaudited amount). The programs and the valuation methodology used to estimate this receivable are pending of approval by the Regulatory Authority. This receivable has not yet been recorded in these consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 since it is subject to the approval of the SU Programs and the review of those affidavits by the Regulatory Authority and the confirmation of the existence of enough contributions to the SU Trust so as to compensate the incumbent operators.

On April 8, 2011, the SC issued Resolution No. 43/11, through which it notified the Company that investments associated with “High-Cost Areas” did not qualify as an Initial Indicative Program (which amounted to approximately $13,512, included in the mentioned receivable).

Additionally, through SC Resolutions No. 53, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 69 and 70/12, the Company was notified that: the “Special Information Service 110”, the “Discounts for Retired People, Pensioners and Low Consumption Households”, the services of “Social Public Telephony and Loss-Making Public Telephony”, the “Services and Discounts relating to the Information Society Program argentin@internet.todos”, the “Services for Deaf-Mute People”, the “Free Access to Special Emergency Services and Special Community Services”, the “Value Added Service 0611 and 0612” and the “Long Distance Semipublic Service (SSPLD)” (which amounted to approximately $1,541, included in the mentioned receivable), respectively, did not qualify as Initial SU Programs, pursuant to the terms of Section 26 of Annex III of Decree No. 764/00, and that, they did not constitute different services involving a SU provision, and therefore, cannot be financed with SU Funds, pursuant to the terms of Section 2 of Decree No. 558/08.

The Company’s Management, with the advice of its legal counsel, has filed appeals against the above mentioned resolutions, presenting the legal arguments based on which such resolutions should be revoked.

On September 13, 2012, the CNC ordered the Company to deposit approximately $208. The Company has filed a recourse refusing the CNC’s order on the grounds that the appeals against the SC Resolutions are still pending of resolution.

On November 28, 2019, the ENACOM notified Telecom that the appeals filed by the Company against the above-mentioned resolutions had been rejected, taking them to superior body for substantiation. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the appeal review body has not yet issued a decision.

Although it cannot be assured that these issues will be favorably resolved at the administrative stage, the Company’s Management, with the assistance of its legal advisors, considers that has solid legal and de facto arguments to support the position of Telecom Argentina.

In compliance with SC Resolution No. 80/07 and No. 154/10 and CNC Resolution No. 2,713/07, Personal has filed its affidavits since July 2007 and deposited the corresponding contributions.

On January 26, 2011, the SC issued Resolution No. 9/11 establishing the “Infrastructure and Facilities Program.” The Resolution provided that telecommunication service providers could only allocate to investment projects under this program the amounts corresponding to outstanding investment contribution obligations arising from Annex III of Decree No. 764/00 before the effective date of Decree No. 558/08.

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On July 5, 2012, the SC issued Resolution No. 50/12 pursuant to which it notified that the services declared by the SCM Providers as High Cost Areas or services provided in non-profitable areas, services provided to clients with physical limitations (deaf-mute and blind people), rural schools, and requests relating to the installation of radio-bases and/or investment in infrastructure development in various localities, did not constitute items that could be discounted from the amount of SU contributions pursuant to the last part of Section 3 of Resolution No. 80/07, or Section 2 of Decree No. 558/08. It also provided that certain amounts already deducted could be used for investment projects within the framework of the Program created under SC Resolution No. 9/11, or deposited in the SU Fund, as applicable.

Personal filed an administrative appeal against SC Resolution No. 50/12 requesting its nullity. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, this appeal is still pending of resolution.

On October 1, 2012, in response to the order issued by the SC, Personal deposited under protest the amount corresponding to the assessment of the SU services provided by Personal since the effectiveness of Decree No. 558/08, reserving its right to take all actions it may deem appropriate to claim its reimbursement, as informed to the SC and the CNC on October 15, 2012. Since August 2012, Personal is paying under protest of those concepts in its monthly affidavits.

The Company’s Management cannot assure that this issue will be resolved in its favor at the administrative stage.

Cablevisión has complied with its investment contribution obligations. The Regulatory Authority has not yet approved the Project filed by Cablevisión on June 21, 2011, within the framework of SC Resolution No. 9/11, in order to fulfill the SU contribution obligation for the amounts accrued since January 2001 until the effectiveness of Decree No. 558/08.

Trough Resolution SC N° 79/14 and Resolutions SC N °80/14, 81/14, 82/14 and 83/14, Personal was awarded Lots 2, 5, 6 and 8 and the remaining frequencies of the Personal Communication Services (PCS) and the SRMC, as well as those of the new spectrum for the SCMA, which were offered through a Public auction process approved by SC Resolution No. 38/14. In addition, through SC Resolution No. 25/15, issued on June 11, 2015, Personal was awarded with the remaining Frequency Bands which formed Lot No. 8, and thus completed said Lot.

Law No. 19,307 was published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Uruguay on January 14, 2015. This Law governs radio, television, and other audiovisual communication services (hereinafter, the “Audiovisual Communications Law”). Section 202 of this law provides that the National Executive Branch shall issue its implementing regulations within a 120-day term, counted as from the day following publication of the Audiovisual Communications Law in the Official Gazette. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, Decrees No. 45/015 and No. 160/19 has been issued. Decree No. 45/015 provides that the concession for the use and allocation of the radio-electric spectrum for non-satellite audiovisual communication services shall be granted for a term of 15 years, while Decree No. 160/19 regulates several provisions of the Audiovisual Communications Services Law.

Section 54 of the Audiovisual Communications Law provides that an individual or legal entity cannot be allocated the full or partial ownership of more than 6 authorizations or licenses to render television services to subscribers throughout the national territory of Uruguay. Such limit is reduced to 3 if one of the authorizations or licenses includes the department of Montevideo. Section 189 of this law provides that in the cases where such limits were exceeded as of the entry into force of the Law, the owners of those audiovisual communication services shall transfer the necessary authorizations or licenses so as not to exceed the limits mentioned above within a term of 4 years as from the date of entry into force of the Audiovisual Communications Law.

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Adesol is analyzing the possible impact on its business that could be derived from the change in the regulatory framework and any possible legal actions that can be taken in order to protect its rights and its shareholders’ rights. That company is also monitoring the different unconstitutionality claims filed by other companies against certain sections of the above-mentioned law to consider whether the decisions to be rendered by the Supreme Court of Uruguay in those proceedings may be favorable to the position of Adesol in the future. On April 7, 2016, 28 unconstitutionality claims were brought against the above mentioned law. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Supreme Court has issued 28 decisions, whereby it declared the unconstitutionality of Sections 39 sub-section 3, 55, 56 sub-section 1, 60-point C, 98 sub-section 2, 117 sub-section 2, 143 and 149 sub-section 2 of Law No. 19,307. It is noteworthy that some of the decisions rendered in this respect by the Supreme Court dismissed the unconstitutionality claim filed by the claimant with respect to Section 54 of that Law.

Based on the above-mentioned analysis, the companies AUDOMAR S.A., DOLFYCOR S.A., REIFORD S.A., SPACE ENERGY TECH S.A., TRACEL S.A., BERSABEL S.A., and VISION SATELITAL S.A., together with the majority shareholder of those companies, brought on November 22, 2019 an unconstitutionality claim against Sections 54 and 189 of Law No. 19,307. On October 15, 2020, the Supreme Court of Uruguay provided the lack of passive legitimation of the Legislative Body and rejected the mentioned unconstitutionality claim.

On the other hand, in April 2020 the Executive Branch of Uruguay forwarded to the Uruguayan Congress an audiovisual communications bill, which, if approved, would abolish the current Audiovisual Communications Law (Law No. 19,307) and its regulating decrees would also lapse. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the mentioned audiovisual communications bill is still under review of the Uruguayan Congress.

On January 11, 2018, Decree No. 387/017 dated December 28, 2017 was published in the Official Gazette. The Decree provides that all subscription television services provided through the Codified UHF System shall be migrated to the TDH Satellite system, without it entailing any changes to the original authorizations to operate or to the rest of the conditions established in the respective licenses. Those authorizations shall remain unchanged in the authorized service areas for a term of 18 months.

On February 9, 2018, Bersabel S.A. and Visión Satelital S.A., two of the licensees that use Codified UHF systems to provide services and have contractual relationships with Adesol, filed the migration plan for their subscribers with the URSEC, which was completed on July 11, 2019.

On January 2, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization issued Resolution No. 697/17, whereby it approved the new General Rules Governing ICT Service Licenses. This Resolution repealed the General Rules approved pursuant to Annex I of Decree No. 764/00, as from the date the resolution became effective (February 1, 2018), and it also repealed ENACOM Resolutions No. 2,483/16 and No. 1,394/16 (except for Section 12 of its Annex I, which will remain in effect). The Company has filed an appeal against some aspects of such Resolution, which, to date, is pending of resolution.

On January 4, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization issued Resolution No. 733/17, whereby it approved the new General Rules Governing ICT Service Customers. This Resolution became effective on March 5, 2018, repealing SC Resolutions No. 490/1997, and Annexes I and III of SC Resolution No. 10,059/1999 and its supplementing regulations. Annex II of SC Resolution No. 10,059/1999 shall remain in effect, to the extent applicable, until the enactment of the penalty regime provided under Sections 63 of the LAD. Such New General Rules repealed the general rules governing mobile and basic telephony service customers, thus becoming the only general rules that govern ICT Service customers, including Internet access services and subscription broadcasting services.

The Company made a filing with the Ministry of Modernization regarding some regulations that infringe its right to sell its services (such as the 180-day prepaid credit; Section 56, which provides for compensation in favor of the customer, and Section 79, which establishes the obligation to replace any channels eliminated from the programming grid with other channels of similar quality.)

Through Resolution No. 363/18, published in the Official Gazette on June 27, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization provided for amendments to the General Rules. Some of those amendments were related to the provisions challenged by Telecom in its filing. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, this appeal is still pending of resolution. Subsequently, through Resolutions Nos. 1,150/19 and 1,522/19, the Secretariat of Modernization introduced amendments, among which, the most relevant is the term of 30 business days to report in advance material changes in the services rendered to customers.

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On April 4, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization issued Resolution No. E-203/18, whereby it approved the new Number Portability Regulation, including the portability of fixed telephony service lines. Through such Resolution, such Ministry also approved the implementation schedule for the portability of these services and revoked SC Resolutions Nos. 98/10, 67/11 and 21/13 and Resolution No. E-170/17 issued by the Ministry of Communications and its supplementary regulations. Through Resolution No. 401/18, published on July 11, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization decided that the ENACOM shall determine the way in which the number portability committee will be constituted and implemented.

Through Resolution No. 4,950 issued on August 14, 2018, the Board of the ENACOM delegated on the head of the first operational level of the National Administration of Planning and Convergence the powers to: (i) approve the Processes and Operational and Technical Specifications of Number Portability, (ii) approve the Bidding Terms for the selection of the Database Administrator for the contract to be executed between the Portable Services Providers and the Database Administrator and propose any relevant changes to the Number Portability Committee, and (iii) intervene on a binding basis in the procedure to procure the services of the Database Administrator.

Through such Resolution, the ENACOM also set out that the Number Portability Committee shall be composed of two representatives, one permanent and one alternate, and approved the work schedule in order to properly implement the Number Portability. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the representatives of such Committee have not been appointed yet.

On December 31, 2020, the ENACOM issued Resolution No. 1,509/20, whereby it replaced the work schedule for the implementation of Number Portability that had been approved as an Annex to Resolution No. 4,950/18. In addition, the ENACOM approved the new model of the Bidding Terms and Conditions for the selection of the centralized Number Portability Database Administrator for the Mobile Communication Service and the Fixed Telephony Service, and also approved the Network Technical Specifications.

This resolution is subject to the approval of ENACOM's Board. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, that resolution has not been approved by ENACOM’s Board.

On May 18, 2018, Ministry of Modernization Resolution No. 286/18 was published in the Official Gazette. Such Resolution approves the new General Rules Governing Interconnection and Access, effective as from July 3, 2018, repealing the General Rules that had been approved under Decree No. 764/00.

Pursuant to the new General Rules, the interconnection and access terms, conditions and prices may be freely established by mutual agreement between the parties. The ENACOM will set provisional interconnection charges, as established under Decree No. 1,340/16.

In addition, the providers of ICT Services will have the obligation to provide interconnection at the request of another provider of ICT Services, on no less favorable technical and economic conditions than those applied by the requested ICT Service provider to itself or to third parties, granting the quality of services, the transparency in compensation and must refrain from charging the requesting ICT Service Providers for functions or services that are not needed to render their services.

On August 14, 2018, ENACOM issued Resolution No. 4,952/18, establishing a provisional charge equivalent to US$0.0108 per minute of communication, without considering the different taxes and charges that may be applicable for the origination services or local termination in the mobile communications service networks. Likewise, it is established that for the purposes of applying the fixed charge, the unit of measurement will be the second. Through ENACOM Resolution No. 1,161/18 dated November 27, 2018, the ENACOM set the same charge for SRCE network termination.

On that same date, Resolution No. 1,160/18 was also published in the Official Gazette. Pursuant to such Resolution, the ENACOM set: (i) a provisional charge equivalent to forty-five ten-thousandths US dollars (US$ 0.0045) for local origination or termination services over fixed telephony service networks per minute of communication (ii) a provisional charge equivalent to ten ten-thousandths US dollars (US$ 0.0010) for local transit service per minute of communication (iii) a provisional charge equivalent to twenty-seven ten-thousandths US dollars (US$ 0.0027) for long distance transport service per minute of communication (iv) the second as the measuring unit for the purposes of applying the charges set under this Resolution.

Telecom filed an appeal with the ENACOM challenging those charges with the respective legal grounds to request the review of the above-mentioned Resolution by that agency. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, this appeal is still pending of resolution.

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Pursuant to Resolution No. 4,266/19, published in the Official Gazette on October 8, 2019, the ENACOM decided, on a provisional and exceptional basis, that the reference exchange rate applicable to the interconnection charges in effect established under ENACOM Resolutions Nos. 4,952/18, 1,160/18 and 1,161/18, for calls made as from August 1, 2019, will be of forty-five pesos and twenty-five cents ($45.25) per US dollar. In subsequent months, the exchange rate to be applied may not exceed six percent (6%) of the exchange rate established for the previous month and in no case may it exceed the selling exchange rate set by Banco de la Nación Argentina on the last business day of the month in which the services are rendered. This Resolution was applicable to services provided up to and including December 31, 2019.

Pursuant to Resolution No. 1,510/20, published in the Official Gazette on December 29, 2020, the ENACOM decided, on a provisional and exceptional basis, that the reference exchange rate applicable to the interconnection charges for calls made as from January 1, 2021, will be of eighty-three pesos and thirty-six cents ($83.36) per US dollar. This Resolution will be applicable to services provided up to and including June 30, 2021 and is subject to the approval of ENACOM's Board. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, this resolution has not been approved by ENACOM’s Board.

Through Resolution No. 580/2018, published in the Official Gazette on September 6, 2018, the Ministry of Modernization approved the Quality Rules for ICT Services, which came into effect on January 4, 2019.

The ENACOM was instructed to issue the implementing regulations within a term of 90 calendar days. Although the term has already expired, as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the implementing regulations have not been issued.

Through Resolution No. 51/18, published in the Official Gazette on November 6, 2018, the Secretariat of Modernization approved the National Rules for Contingencies and ordered the ENACOM to issue the implementing procedures or Contingency Plan (for emergency situations) within a term of 90 calendar days as from its publication in the Official Gazette.

Even though the term has expired, as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, such procedure has not been issued yet.

On August 31, 2020, ENACOM Resolution No. 927/20 was published in the Official Gazette. In such resolution, the International Roaming Regulations between Chile and Argentina was approved. Under those Regulations, it was established, among other things, that Argentina's mobile communications service providers, including Virtual Mobile Operators, shall offer customers who use international Roaming services with Chile the same prices that they offer in their own country for voice communications, messaging and mobile data while they stay in that country.

On December 16, 2020, the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers - Secretariat of Public Innovation issued Resolution No. 105/20, whereby it approved the Passive Infrastructure Sharing Regulation and established the terms and procedures regarding the access, availability and shared use of passive infrastructure owned by, controlled by or otherwise available to an ICT Services Licensee.

Among the most relevant provisions of the Regulation is the obligation to grant access to other ICT Services Licensees to available passive infrastructure; to reserve capacity in the installation of new ducts and shelters for providing access to other ICT Services Licensees; the prohibition to agree on exclusive use; among other obligations.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company is evaluating the impact of the obligations imposed under this new Regulation.

On December 24, 2020, ENACOM Resolution No. 1,491/20 was published in the Official Gazette, whereby said agency approved the “General Regulation of Subscription Television Services by Physical and/or Radio-electric and Satellite Link”. Among other aspects, it provides for the arrangement of signals in programming grids so that the signals that correspond to the same genre are arranged consecutively; the obligation to submit an annual affidavit describing the programming grid, the inclusion of signals of broadcast television Licensees; the list of mandatory signals, and, in case of disagreement to include mandatory signals in the programming grid, be it broadcast television signals or those included in the Public Registry of Signals, any of the parties may make a filing with the ENACOM. In addition, said Resolution provides that the commercialization of one or several signals may not be conditional on the acquisition of other signals. In the event licensees offer a package of signals, they must include a breakdown of the price of each of them.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company is evaluating the impact of these regulations.

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Pursuant to Law No. 27,437, Telecom Argentina- in its capacity as public fixed telephony service licensee-, and its respective direct subcontractors, in the procurement of provisions and public works and services, shall give preference to the acquisition or lease of goods of national origin, under the terms of such law.

The law provides that the preference established shall be given to goods of national origin when the price of identical or similar goods, under cash payment conditions, is equal to or lower than the price of foreign goods increased by 15% when the offerors qualify as micro, small and medium-sized enterprises – (MSMEs), and by 8% for any other companies. In the comparison, the price of foreign goods shall contemplate applicable import duties and all the taxes and expenses required for their nationalization.

The law sets out that a good is considered to be of national origin when it has been produced or extracted in the Argentine territory, provided that the cost of nationalized imported raw materials, inputs or supplies does not exceed 40% of its gross production value.

The procurement of services is subject to Law No. 18,875, which sets out the obligation to contract exclusively the services of domestic companies, consulting firms and professionals, as defined in such law. Any exception shall have to be previously approved by the competent ministry.

Through Resolution No. 2,350/04, the former CNC approved the “Procedure for the fulfillment of the Buy Argentine Act”, which includes the obligation to file semi-annual affidavits regarding the fulfillment of these rules.

The rules provide for economic, administrative and criminal sanctions for failure to fulfill the obligations established under the Compre Argentino regime.

It is worth mentioning that this Act provides to Telecom Argentina less operational flexibility related to, among other matters, authorizations management prior to acquisitions, investment of time in the assembly of the required presentations with respect to the obligation to inform the semiannual affidavits of compliance of the Buy Argentine Act and associated administrative expenses.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared by applying the criteria for the restatement of financial statements set forth in IAS 29. For more information, see Note 1.e).

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 have been prepared on a going concern basis as there is a reasonable expectation that Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries will continue its operational activities in the foreseeable future (and in any event with a time horizon of more than twelve months).

Items included in the financial statements of each of Company’s subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Argentine pesos, which is the functional currency of all Company’s subsidiaries located in Argentina. The functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the respective legal currency of each country.

The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, while income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates for the year. Translation differences resulting from the application of this method are recognized under Other Comprehensive Income. The cash flows of foreign consolidated subsidiaries expressed in foreign currencies included in the consolidated financial statements are translated at the average exchange rates for each year.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the foreign exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Exchange differences are recognized in the consolidated income statement and are included in Other financial results, net.

These consolidated financial statements include the consolidation of the assets, liabilities, results and cash flows of Telecom Argentina and its subsidiaries (controlled companies, item d.1), as well as the consolidation in its financial statements of the assets, liabilities and results under joint control, according to the percentage of its interest in the agreements and joint ventures (“Interests in joint operations,” item d.2) jointly controlled by it; and, the interest owned by the Company in associates is recognized in one item (companies in which it exercises significant influence, item d.3) "Investments in Associates"). These consolidated financial statements include the consolidation of Telecom and its subsidiaries on a line-by-line basis and the structured entities with the specifications mentioned in item d.4).

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Control exists when the investor has substantive power over the investee; has exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power to affect the amount of the returns. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated as from the date on which control is transferred to the controlling company and shall be deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

In the preparation of these consolidated financial statements, assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries are consolidated on a line-by-line basis. Non-controlling interests in the equity and in the profit (loss) for the year are disclosed separately under appropriate captions, respectively, in the consolidated statement of financial position, in the consolidated income statement and in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

All accounts and transactions between Telecom and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.

The subsidiaries’ financial statements cover the same periods and are prepared as of the same closing date and in accordance with the same accounting policies as those of the Parent.

Note 1.a) details the consolidated subsidiaries, together with the interest percentages held directly or indirectly in each subsidiary’s capital stock and votes, main activity and country of origin as of December 31, 2020.

The Company considers any transactions executed with non-controlling shareholders that do not result in a loss of control, as transactions among shareholders. A change in the equity interests held by the Company is considered as an adjustment in the book value of controlling interests and non-controlling interests to reflect the changes in its relative interests. The differences between the amount for which non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received and attributed to the shareholders of the controlling company will be directly recognized in “Other deferred” in the equity attributed to the parent company.

d.1.a) Accounting treatment of the acquisition of the remaining equity interest (30%) in the controlled company Tuves

On September 4, 2019, Núcleo acquired the 30% remaining equity interest in Tuves Paraguay, which previously belonged to TU VES Chile.

This operation represents a transaction between controlling and non-controlling shareholders in the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, the Company recorded a $128 adjustment to the non-controlling interest balance as of December 31, 2019 and the difference arising from the purchase price of $46 was recorded in “Other deferred” under Equity attributable to controlling shareholders as of that date, as provided under IFRS 10.

d.1.b) Offer for Irrevocable Call and Put Option on the Shares of AVC Continente Audiovisual

On September 25, 2019, Telecom and the non-controlling shareholders of AVC Continente Audiovisual (the “Assignors”) executed an Offer for an Irrevocable Call and Put Option on all the shares of AVC Continente Audiovisual held by the Assignors.

The Assignors are the holders of 497,479 common shares with nominal value of $1 each, representing 40% of the capital stock. The call option, which can be exercised since October 1, 2019 until September 30, 2024, conveys to Telecom the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the shares from the Assignors. On the other hand, the put option conveys to the Assignors the right, but not the obligation, to sell the shares to Telecom. The call and put options include, together with the shares, the assignment and transfer of all the equity and political rights inherent to them.

If the option is exercised, Telecom agreed to pay the Assignors US$720,000 and the equivalent amount in Argentine pesos of 45,536 average cable TV subscription fees within the terms and subject to the provisions set forth in the agreement.

This transaction has an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, a call option liability has been initially recognized with an offsetting entry in “Other deferred” under Equity Attributable to Controlling Shareholders. As of December 31, 2020, Telecom owed the equivalent to 22,768 average cable TV subscription fees (approximately $39).

d.1.c) Purchase of a share of PEM. Merger between Telecom, Última Milla, CV Berazategui and the split away assets of PEM

On June 27, 2019, the Company acquired a registered non-endorsable common share, with nominal value of $1 and entitled to one vote per share, representing 0.00000738% of the capital stock and votes of PEM for a total amount of $10,000 (ten thousand Argentine pesos). Upon this acquisition, Telecom became the direct holder of 100% of the capital stock of PEM.

F-29

On October 1, 2019, the Company merged between Última Milla and CV Berazategui (the “Absorbed Companies”) and the split away assets of PEM (the “Corporate Reorganization”), thus generating the corresponding operating, accounting and tax effects, unifying the operations of the mentioned companies and Telecom Argentina, enhancing efficiency, synergy and streamlining costs and optimizing the use of the companies’ technical, administrative and financial structures.

The Absorbed Companies were dissolved without liquidation and PEM split away a portion of its assets and its capital stock was reduced pro rata as of October 1, 2019.

Such Corporate Reorganization was carried out in accordance with the provisions of Sections 82 and 83 of the General Associations Law, with the provisions of Section 77 and related Sections of Income Tax Law No. 20,628, as amended and supplemented, with CNV Rules, with the Listing Rules and other provisions issued by the BYMA, with IGJ Rules and with other applicable laws and regulations. The Corporate Reorganization was approved by the shareholders at the General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting and the Special Shareholders’ Meetings of Class “A” and Class “D” shares of Telecom Argentina held on October 24, 2019 and the respective Shareholders’ Meetings of Última Milla, CV Berazategui and PEM held on the same date.

As a result of the Corporate Reorganization, as of October 1, 2019, Telecom Argentina assumed all the existing activities, receivables, property and all the rights and obligations of Última Milla, CV Berazategui and the split away assets of PEM, as well as any that may come into existence or arise due to prior or subsequent acts or activities. On November 25, 2019, the Final Merger Agreement was subscribed and on November 29, 2019, the CNV was requested for administrative authorization, which was provided by resolution issued on February 19, 2020.

On November 10, 2020, Telecom made an irrevocable contribution in cash for the future subscription of shares of Micro Sistemas, for a total amount of $60. The Unanimous General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Micro Sistemas held on December 21, 2020 decided to increase the capital stock by $60 through the capitalization of such irrevocable contributions paid in cash by Telecom and issue, representing such increase, a total of 60,000,000 non-endorsable, registered common shares, with nominal value of $1 Argentine peso each and entitled to one vote per share, to be delivered to Telecom.

on January 11, 2021, Telecom made an irrevocable contribution in cash for the future subscription of shares of Micro Sistemas, for a total amount of $62. The Unanimous General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Micro Sistemas held on January 19, 2021 decided to increase the capital stock by $62 through the capitalization of such irrevocable contributions paid in cash by Telecom and issue, representing such increase, a total of 62,000,000 non-endorsable, registered common shares, with nominal value of $1 Argentine peso each and entitled to one vote per share, to be delivered to Telecom.

On December 30, 2020, Telecom and PEM incorporated a new company, Personal Smarthome S.A, and they hold a 90% and 10% interest in the capital stock of that company, respectively. Telecom and PEM subscribed 90,000 and 10,000 registered common shares with nominal value of $1 Argentine each and entitled to five (5) votes per share. Finally, on that date, the shareholders paid in cash 25% of their respective subscriptions.

The registration of Personal Smarthome S.A. in the IGJ is still pending and it is a dormant entity as of December 31, 2020.

Personal Smarthome S.A. provides services, solutions and/or goods that allow and/or contribute to automation, monitoring, security, digital interconnection and home automation (IoT) for the integration of technology in the design of homes, buildings, cities and/or public or private entities.

A joint operation is a contractual arrangement whereby two or more companies undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control, i.e., when the financial strategy and the operating decisions related to the company’s activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

In the cases of joint business arrangements executed through Uniones Transitorias de Empresas ("UTE"), considered joint operations under IFRS 11, the Company recognizes in its financial statements on a line-by-line basis the assets, liabilities and net income subject to joint control in proportion to its share in such arrangements.

Telecom holds a 50% share in the UTE Ertach – Telecom Argentina, which is engaged in the provision of data transmission services and the order channels required to integrate the public administration agencies of the Province of Buenos Aires and the municipal agencies in a single provincial data communication network. The UTE has an agreement in effect with the Ministry of the Cabinet Chief of the Province of Buenos Aires, which was approved pursuant to Decree No. 2017-166-E-GDEBA-GPBA. The UTE agreement term is equivalent to the time that is necessary for the fulfillment of its purpose.

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On April 26, 2019, the UTE was noticed, through a registered letter sent by the Ministry of the Cabinet Chief, of the decision to expand and extend the agreement for six months as from May 1, 2019.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the contractual term and the extensions thereof have expired. The Telecommunications Administration of the Province of Buenos Aires initiated the “termination of services phase” pursuant to the above-mentioned agreement, and the services that the UTE is committed to provide within the agreement conditions could be extended for a period of 18 months since the signing of the new agreement with the next suppliers. This involves the continuity of the UTE’s operations until the Government of the Province of Buenos Aires provides for a new service supplier.

In view of the above, and since the above-mentioned agreement provided for the continuation of the services after the expiration of the above-mentioned terms, and having the parties to define the new conditions applicable to the continuity of the requested services, the UTE is still under the obligation to continue providing services regardless of the new terms that finally be agreed.

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence, without exercising control, generally accompanied by equity holdings of between 20% and 50% of voting rights.

The associates’ assets and liabilities and net income are disclosed in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate is to be initially recorded at cost and the book value will be increased or decreased to recognize the investor’s share in the statement of income for the year or in other comprehensive income obtained by the associate, after the acquisition date. The distribution of dividends received from the associate will also reduce the book value of the investment.

The Company's investment in associates includes the goodwill identified at the time of the acquisition, net of any impairment losses. For more information on impairment of fixed assets, see item l) to this Note.

Unrealized gains or losses on transactions between the Company (and its subsidiaries) and associates are eliminated considering the Company’s interest in the associates.

The associates’ financial statements cover the same periods and are prepared as of the same closing date as those of the Company’s. Adjustments were made, where necessary, to the associates’ financial statements so that their accounting policies are in line with those used by the Company.

The Company, through one of its subsidiaries located in Uruguay, has executed certain agreements with other companies for the purpose of rendering on behalf of and by order of such companies’ certain installation services, collections, administration of subscribers, marketing and technical assistance, financial and general business advising, with respect to cable television services in Uruguay. In accordance with IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”, these consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of these companies. Since the Company does not hold an equity interest in these companies, the offsetting entry of the net effect of the consolidation of the assets, liabilities and results of these companies is disclosed under the line items “Equity attributable to non-controlling interests” and “Net Income attributable to non-controlling interests”.

The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The consideration for each acquisition is measured at fair value of the assets given (acquisition cost).

The identifiable assets and the liabilities assumed of the acquired company that meet the conditions for recognition under IFRS 3 are recognized at fair value at the acquisition date, except for certain particular cases provided by such standard.

Any excess between: a) the sum of the consideration transferred, plus non-controlling interests (valued at fair value or at their proportional participation on identifiable net assets), plus acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) and b) the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed determined on the acquisition date, is recognized as goodwill. Otherwise, the gain is immediately recognized in the income statement.

Acquisition direct cost are recognized in the Income Statements when they are incurred.

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Specific matters relating to the merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión

The merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión was accounted for as a reverse acquisition. Consequently, the assets and liabilities of Cablevisión were recognized and measured in these consolidated financial statements at book value before the merger, while the identifiable assets and liabilities of Telecom Argentina were recognized at fair value as of the effective date of the merger (January 1, 2018). The goodwill obtained under the acquisition method was measured as the excess of the fair value of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net identifiable assets and liabilities of Telecom Argentina. The retained earnings and other balances of shareholders’ equity recognized in the financial statements of the combined entity correspond to the sum of the respective balances of the individual financial statements of Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión immediately before the Merger, excluding Other Comprehensive Income and the Cost from the increase in the interest held in the companies controlled by Telecom Argentina. In addition, share capital of Telecom was maintained as of before the merger and then the shares of Telecom issued according to the exchange ratio were added, recording the contribution surplus as mentioned in item t) of this Note.

The total book value of the most important items transferred to Telecom as a result of the Merger are detailed below:

Revenues are recognized (net of discounts and returns) to the extent the sales agreement has commercial substance, provided it is considered probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and their amount can be measured reliably.

The Company discloses its revenues into two large groups: services and equipment (which mainly includes handsets sales). Revenues from sales of services are recognized at the time services are rendered to the customers. Revenues from sales of equipment are recognized at the point in time when the control is transferred and the performance obligation is performed.

Revenues from transactions that include more than one item have been recognized separately to the extent they have commercial substance on their own. In those cases, in which payment is deferred in time, such as construction contracts, the effect of the time value of money must be accounted for. Non-refundable up-front connection fees (one-time revenues), generated at the beginning of the relationship with the customers, are deferred and charged to income over the term of the contract or, in the case of indefinite period contracts, over the average period of the customer relationship.

Monthly fees paid in advance are disclosed net of trade receivables until the service is rendered.

Revenues on construction contracts are recognized based on the stage of completion (percentage of completion method). Such method provides an accurate representation of the transfer of goods in construction contracts because revenues are recognized based on the progress of the construction. When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, the revenues and costs associated with the construction contract are recognized as revenues and expenses respectively by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the end of the reporting period. When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenues, the expected losses are immediately recognized as expenses.

In relation to revenues from construction contracts, as of December 31, 2020, the Company recognized revenues from construction contracts in the amount of $691 and expenses from construction contracts in the amount of $535. Additionally, as of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $1,255 under Inventories.

Telecom provides mobile services in Argentina and Paraguay. Service revenues mainly consist of monthly basic fees, revenues on prepaid calling cards, airtime usage charges, roaming and interconnection charges, VAS charges, and other services.

Internet service revenues mainly consist of fixed monthly fees received from residential and corporate customers for data transmission (including private networks, dedicated lines, broadcasting signal transport and videoconferencing services) and Internet connectivity services (mainly high-speed subscriptions - broadband-).

The cable television services provided by Telecom comprise the operation of television networks installed in different locations of Argentina and Uruguay. In addition, Tuves holds a license for the provision of DATDH services in Paraguay. Cable television services mainly consist of monthly fees and certain variable consumption fees related to on demand services.

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Mainly consist of voice services monthly fees, measured service and monthly fees for additional services (among them, call waiting, itemized billing and voicemail), interconnection services, capacity leases and data services, among others.

Other services revenues consist of, among others, revenues from claim’s management retribution, administrative revenues and others.

Financial assets and liabilities, on initial recognition, are measured at transaction price as of the acquisition date. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from them have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership.

In accordance with IFRS 9, financial assets, after their initial recognition, are measured at amortized cost (initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount), fair value with changes in other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss (fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction, in in the principal or most advantageous market), on the basis of:

Cash equivalents are short-term and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and their original maturity or the remaining maturity at the date of purchase does not exceed three months.

Cash and cash equivalents are recorded according to their nature, at fair value or amortized cost (for example, short-term investments at amortized cost, investments in mutual funds at fair value with an impact on Other Financial Results).

Trade and other receivables classified as either current or non-current assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less allowances for doubtful accounts.

Sometimes, mobile telephony customer pays for the handset the price net of the discount. Such discount is allocated between handset sale revenues and service revenues, generating, initially, the recognition of a contractual asset. Contractual assets, either current or non-current, are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost, less allowances for bad debts, if any.

Securities and Bonds include the Bonds issued by National, Provincial and Municipal Governments. Depending on the business model adopted by Management, Securities and Bonds may be valued at amortized cost or at fair value and its results are recognized under Other financial results, net - Gains (losses) on operations with notes and bonds.

Investments in mutual funds are carried at fair value. Results are included in Other financial results, net - Interest and gains on investments.

The share in the trust “Complejo Industrial de las Telecomunicaciones 2003” was recognized at fair value.

At the time of initial recognition of financial assets (and at each closing), the Company estimates the expected losses, with an early recognition of a provision, pursuant to IFRS 9.

Regarding trade receivables, and using the simplified approach provided by such standard, the Company measures the allowance for doubtful accounts for an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The expected losses to be recognized are calculated based on a percentage of un-collectability per maturity ranges of each financial credit. For such purposes, the Company analyzes the performance of the financial assets grouped by type of market. Such historical percentage must contemplate the future collectability expectations regarding those financial assets and, therefore, those estimated changes in performance.

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The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows of such assets expire or when it transfers the financial asset and, therefore, all the risks and benefits inherent to the ownership of the financial asset are transferred to another entity.

Financial liabilities comprise trade payables (excluding Derivatives, if applicable), financial debt, salaries and social security payables (see item n) to this Note), Dividends payable and certain liabilities included in Other Liabilities.

Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured, generally, at amortized cost.

In case of loan renegotiations, in which the exchange between an existing borrower and lender of debt instruments were under substantially different terms or in cases of a substantial modification of the conditions of an existing financial liability, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, we have to recognize a cancellation of the original liability and recognition of the new liability. Otherwise, the original liability do not have to be canceled, but was considered refinanced, modifying its valuation in relation to the new terms and conditions.

The Company derecognize a financial liability (or part of it) when it has been extinguished, i.e., when the obligation specified in the corresponding agreement is discharged, canceled or expires.

Derivatives are used by Telecom and its subsidiaries to manage their exposure to exchange rate and interest rate risks and to diversify the parameters of debt so that costs and volatility can be reduced to pre-established operational limits.

All derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 9. Derivative financial instruments qualify for hedge accounting if and only if all of the following conditions are met:

a) The hedging relation consists only of hedging instruments and eligible hedged items;

b) The hedging relation and the risk management strategy and purpose are formally designated and documented since its inception; and

c) The hedge is expected to fulfill the efficacy requirements described under Note 22.c – Hedge Accounting.

When a derivative financial instrument is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of any gain or loss on the derivative financial instrument is recognized directly in Other Comprehensive Income. The cumulative gain or loss is removed from OCI and recognized in the consolidated income statement at the same time as the hedged transaction affects the consolidated income statement. The gain or loss associated with the ineffective portion of a hedge is immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement. If the hedged transaction is no longer probable, the cumulative gains or losses included in OCI are immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement.

If the hedged item is a prospective transaction that results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or liability or a firm commitment, the cumulative gain or loss that was initially recognized in OCI is reclassified to the carrying amount of such asset or liability.

If hedge accounting is not appropriate, gains or losses arising from the fair value measurement of derivative financial instruments are immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement.

For additional information about derivatives instruments, see Note 22 to these consolidated financial statements.

Receivables and payables valued at amortized cost are initially recorded at their fair value, which is generally determined by using a discounted cash flow valuation method. The fair value under this method is estimated as the present value of all future cash flows discounted using an estimated discount rate, especially for long term receivables and payables. The discount rate used to determine the discounted cash flows of long-term receivables ranged between 29% and 40% for the year 2019, while for the year 2020 it was in 29%. The discount rates of receivables denominated in Guaraníes were of 12.4% and 11.85% for the years 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Measurement of the fair value of certain financial instruments: If there is a quoted market price available for an instrument in an active market, the fair value is calculated based on that price.

If there is not a quoted market price available for a financial instrument, its fair value is estimated based on the price established in recent transactions involving the same or similar instruments and, if not, based on valuation techniques regularly used in financial markets. The Company uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and makes assumptions based on market conditions at closing. For more information on the determination of those values, see Note 22 to these consolidated financial statements.

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Inventories are measured at the lower of the restated for inflation cost and net realizable value. The cost is determined under the weighted average price method. The net realizable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the applicable variable sale costs. In addition, the Company estimates and records allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventories.

The value of inventories does not exceed its recoverable value at the end of the year.

PP&E is measured at acquisition or construction cost, plus every cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by Management, all restated for inflation. Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they represent an improvement, it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The other subsequent expenditures are recognized as expenses for the period in which they were incurred. When PP&E comprises major components having different useful lives, these components are accounted for as separate items if they are significant.

Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of certain capital assets are capitalized as part of the cost of these assets until they are ready for their intended use or sale, under IAS 23 (“Borrowing Costs”.) The assets in respect of which borrowing costs are capitalized are those that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use (qualifying assets under IAS 23.)

Depreciation of PP&E owned is calculated on a straight-line basis over the ranges of estimated useful lives of each class of assets. The ranges of the estimated useful lives of the main classes of PP&E are the following:

The depreciation rates are reviewed annually and revised if the current estimated useful life is different from that estimated previously taking into account, among others, technological obsolescence, maintenance and condition of the assets and different intended use from previous estimates. The effect of such changes is recognized prospectively in the income statement in the corresponding period.

Intangible assets are recognized if and only if the asset is separately identifiable, it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity; and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

Intangible assets are valued at their restated for inflation cost, less accumulated amortization (in the case of intangible assets with a finite useful life) and impairment losses, if any.

Certain direct incremental costs incurred for the acquisition of new subscribers are capitalized as intangible assets to the extent the conditions for the recognition of an intangible asset are met, pursuant to IFRS 15, i.e. provided the Company expects to recover those costs and provided they are costs that the Company would not have incurred if the contract had not been successfully obtained.

Subsequently, such assets will be amortized under the straight-line method over the contractual relationship of the related transferred service. Those costs are amortized over a term of two years.

It includes 3G and 4G frequencies awarded by the SC to Personal in November 2014 and June 2015.

The Company's management has concluded that the 3G and 4G licenses have a finite useful life and, therefore, they are amortized under the straight-line method over 180 months as from their award.

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In addition, the licenses that had been previously awarded to Nextel are also included. The term of their useful life is calculated as from the beginning of the rendering of Advanced Mobile Communication Services or upon expiration of the 18-month term provided under Section 10.1, subsection a), Annex I, of Decree No. 764/00 for the beginning of the provision of the Services, whatever occurs first. These licenses are amortized under the straight-line method over 180 months.

The Company’s Management, based on an analysis of the relevant characteristics of this license, has considered that the license has an indefinite useful life because there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash inflows for the Company. Therefore, this license is subject to a recoverability assessment, at least on an annual basis.

The renewals of PCS licenses are amortized under the straight-line method over 60 months.

The Internet and data transmission licenses are amortized over a term of 5 years.

Customer portfolio comprises mainly contracts with Telecom’s customers that were incorporated as a result of the merger between Telecom and Cablevisión. They are amortized over the estimated term of the relationship with the acquired customers. For fixed-telephony customers such term was estimated at 10 years. For mobile telephony customers in Argentina, it was estimated at 6 years and for mobile telephony customers in Paraguay, it was estimated at 5 years.

It includes the brand Cablevisión, which is amortized over 50 years, and the brand Flow, which is fully amortized. In addition, after the merger between Telecom and Cablevisión, the Company incorporated the brands owned by Telecom, which are not amortized because they are considered to have an indefinite useful life.

"Other" includes exclusivity rights and software rights of use, among others. The average useful life is estimated at 5-28 years.

IFRS 16 provides that the lessee recognizes a right of use asset and a liability at present value of the unpaid lease installments at such date, with respect to those contracts that meet the definition of leases. Accordingly, the rights of use assets must include in their initial cost payments made for such leases, initial costs and assets retirement obligation costs. According to the standard, a lease is a contract that provides the right to control the use of an identified asset for a specified time period. For a company to have control of use of an identified asset it:

a) Must have the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits of the identified assets and

Telecom maintains several contracts that fall under the definition of leases in accordance with IFRS 16, which can be summarized as follows: a) sites leases (for antenna placement); b) real estate leases (for commercial offices and others); c) poles leases (for wiring layout); d) dark fiber rights of use (for data transmission) and e) space leases (for colocalization of antennas).

Goodwill is recognized when the fair value of the consideration paid and the amount of the non-controlling interest and the fair value of the previous interest, if any, exceed the fair value of the net assets identified in each business combination. Goodwill has indefinite useful life and its recoverable value must be assessed at least once a year.

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The Company assesses whether there are any indicators of impairment in the value of the assets that are subject to amortization, contemplating both internal and external factors. Internal factors include, among others, obsolescence or physical damage of the asset, and significant changes in the extent to which, or manner in which, an asset is used or expected to be used and internal reports that may indicate that the economic performance of the asset is, or will be, worse than expected. External sources include, among others, the market value of the asset, significant changes in the legal, economic, technological or market environment, increases in market interest rates and the cost of capital used to evaluate investments, and an excess of the carrying amount of the net assets of the Company over market capitalization.

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life and goodwill are not subject to amortization and are tested for impairment at least annually, at closing date of every year, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that they might be impaired.

The carrying value of an asset is considered impaired by the Company when it is higher than its recoverable value, which is the higher of the fair value (less direct selling costs) and its value in use. In this case, a loss shall be immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of income.

To assess impairment losses, the Company groups the assets into cash-generating units, which represent the smallest group of assets that generates independent cash inflows of the cash flows derived from other assets or groups of assets. The Company has defined, according to the characteristics of the services provided and its fixed assets that the Argentinian operations comprise a single cash-generating unit (CGU) and each of the Company’s foreign operations represent a separate CGU. According to this, the net book value of a CGU includes goodwill, intangible assets with an indefinite useful life and assets with a defined useful life (PP&E, intangible assets and rights of use assets).

In 2018, an impairment of Arnet brand was registered for $3,401, as a result of the Company's decision to discontinue its use, encompassing all broadband customers under the Fibertel brand, and other fixed assets were impaired for $978. During 2019, an impairment of spectrum was registered for $2,917, incorporated to the Company as a result of the merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión, and other fixed assets were impaired for $573. During 2020, an impairment for minor assets was registered for $376. Except for the above mentioned, no other significant impairments have been identified as a result of the evaluation realized.

The possible reversal of PP&E, intangible assets and rights of use assets impairment losses is reviewed for the issuance of all consolidated financial statements. The net effects of the constitution and recovery of the above-mentioned impairments are recorded under “Impairment of fixed assets”, which is described in Note 24 to these consolidated financial statements.

For further information on recoverability of goodwill analysis, see item v.1) – “Recoverability of Goodwill” to this Note.

Pension benefits shown under Other liabilities represent accrued benefits under collective bargaining agreements for employees who retire upon reaching normal retirement age, or earlier due to disability in Telecom Argentina. Benefits consist of the payment of a single lump sum equal to the salary of one month for each five years of service at the time of retirement due to retirement age or disability. The collective bargaining agreements do not provide for other post-retirement benefits such as life insurance, health care, and other welfare benefits.

The net periodic pension costs are recognized in the income statement, segregating the financial component, as employees render the services necessary to earn pension benefits. However, actuarial gains and losses should be presented in the statements of comprehensive income. Actuarial assumptions and demographic data, as applicable, were used to measure the benefit obligation as required by IAS 19, as amended. The Company does not make plan contributions or maintain separate assets to fund the benefits at retirement.

The actuarial assumptions used are based on market interest rates, experience and the best estimate made by the Company’s Management of the future economic conditions. Changes in these assumptions may impact future benefit costs and obligations. The main assumptions used in determining expense and benefit obligations are the following:

Additional information on pension benefits is provided in Note 18 to these consolidated financial statements.

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Revenues from unused traffic and data packs for unexpired prepaid credits are deferred and recognized as revenue when the minutes and the data are used by customers or when such credit expires, whichever happens first.

Non-refundable up-front connection or installation fees for fixed telephony, data, cable and Internet services are deferred over the term of the contract, or in the case of indefinite period contracts, over the average period of customer relationship.

The fair value of the award credits regarding the Company’s customer loyalty program is accounted for as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue until the award credits are redeemed or expire, whichever occurs first.

Under certain network capacity purchase agreements, the Company sells excess purchased capacity to other carriers. Revenues are deferred and recognized as services are provided.

Government grants for the acquisition of PP&E must be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. In accordance with IAS 20 the government grants related to assets can be presented either as deferred income or as a reduction of the carrying amount of related asset. The Company elected as an accounting policy the first alternative provided by the standard considering that recognition as deferred income adequately reflects the business purpose of the transaction. Therefore, the related assets are recognized at the cost incurred in the construction of the engaged infrastructure and the government grant was accounted for as deferred income in Other liabilities and recognized in profit or loss starting at the time the infrastructure becomes operative and throughout its useful life.

These include unpaid salaries, vacation and bonuses and their related social security contributions, as well as termination benefits, and are valued at amortized cost.

Termination benefits represent severance indemnities that are payable when employment is terminated in accordance with labor regulations and current practices, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. In the case of severance compensations resulting from agreements with employees leaving the Company upon acceptance of voluntary redundancy, the compensation is usually comprised of a special cash bonus paid upon signing the severance agreement, and in certain cases may include a deferred compensation, which is payable in monthly installments calculated as a percentage of the prevailing wage at the date of each payment (“prejubilaciones”). The employee’s right to receive the monthly installments mentioned above starts on the date they leave the Company and ends either when they reach the legal mandatory retirement age or upon the decease of the beneficiary, whichever occurs first.

The Company and its subsidiaries do not have stock option plans for their employees.

The main taxes that have an impact on net income for the Company are the following:

Income tax is recognized in the consolidated income statement, except to the extent that they relate to items recognized in Other comprehensive income or in equity, in which case they will also be recognized under such items. The income tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax.

In addition, if the income tax payments and withholdings in Argentina exceed the amount payable for the current tax, the excess shall be recognized as a tax credit, only if it is recoverable.

Both for tax law effective in Argentina and in the rest of the countries in which Telecom operates through its subsidiaries, income taxes payables are computed on a separate return basis, i.e., the Company is not allowed to prepare a consolidated income tax return.

Deferred taxes are recognized using the liability method, which provides for the assessment of net deferred tax assets or liabilities based on temporary differences. Temporary differences arise when the tax base of an asset or liability differs from its carrying amount in the statement of financial position and its reversal in the future will have an impact on taxable income. The deferred tax asset / liability is disclosed under a separate item of the consolidated financial statements.

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A deferred income tax asset or liability is recognized on those differences, except for those differences related to investments in foreign subsidiaries that generate a deferred income tax liability due to a difference in the income tax rates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets relating to unused tax loss carry forwards are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which they can be utilized. Tax loss carryforwards may be computed against future taxable income for a maximum of 5 years. Deferred tax assets that may arise from investment in subsidiaries are recognized when it is probable that the temporary differences will be reversed in the foreseeable future and when future taxable income would be enough to apply those temporary differences.

A deferred tax asset shall be subjected to a recoverability test at the end of every reporting period. The company shall reduce the carrying amount of the deferred tax asset if it is probable that future taxable income will not be available before its prescription that allows applying the tax deductions of the deferred tax asset. This reduction could be reversed in future periods, to the extent that the Company recovers the expectation of enough future taxable income to apply these deductions.

The statutory income tax rate in Argentina for fiscal years 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 30%, pursuant to Law No. 27,430, as amended by Law No. 27,541 (Social Solidarity and Production Reactivation Law). According to the mentioned laws, the statutory income tax rate for fiscal year 2021 will be 25%.

In addition, Law No. 27,430, amended by Law No. 27,541, establishes a withholding tax regime on distributed dividends at a rate of 7% for distributions of profits generated during fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 up to and including December 31, 2020, and at a rate of 13% for profits generated during fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2021.

The new withholding tax regime applies to shareholders who are Argentine resident individuals and to nonresident shareholders.

Additionally, the Law repeals the “equalization tax” (i.e., 35% withholding on dividend distributions exceeding accumulated taxable income) for distributions of profits generated during fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018.

Cash dividends received from a foreign subsidiary are computed on the statutory income tax rate under the application of the “world rate” principle. However, as per Argentinian Tax Law, income taxes paid abroad may be recognized as tax credits, both the income tax paid abroad by the subsidiary and the withholding tax on cash dividends.

The statutory income tax rate in Paraguay was 10% for all years presented. Pursuant to Law No. 125/91, until December 31, 2019, dividends paid were computed with an additional income tax rate of 5%, representing an effective tax rate of 14.5%. Pursuant to the tax reform provided under Law No. 6,380/19 and effective as from January 1, 2020, the additional rate is revoked and an 8% tax rate is established on dividends and earnings when the recipient of the profits is an individual or legal entity resident in Paraguay, and 15% when the beneficiary of these profits is a nonresident. Transitorily, dividends distributed during 2020 will be subject to a 5% rate for residents and 10% for non-residents. Telecom Argentina recognized a deferred tax liability arising from the effect of the difference in the income tax rates between Argentina and Paraguay on the accumulated profits because it is probable that these accumulated profits will flow in the form of dividends subject to income tax.

In the United States of America, the statutory tax rate until fiscal year 2017 was 39.5% (34% Federal Tax and 5.5% for the State of Florida). Since January 1, 2018, a new Income Tax Law is applicable in the United States, which modifies the federal flat rate to 21%. Likewise, the statutory tax rate for the State of Florida was reduced from 5.5% to 4.458% for fiscal years 2019 to 2021, and for fiscal year 2022, this rate returns to be 5.5%.

Therefore, for fiscal year 2018 the total legal statutory tax rate was 26.5% while for fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021 the total legal statutory tax rate is 25.458%.

Laws No. 27,430, 27,468 and 27,541 introduced several amendments to the income tax inflation adjustments provided by the Income Tax Law.

According to this provisions, and effective as from fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the inflation adjustment procedure set out in Title VI of the income tax law shall be applicable in fiscal years in which the variation of IPC price index, accumulated in the 36 months immediately preceding the end of the relevant fiscal year, is higher than 100%.

In the first, second and third year as from its effectiveness, this procedure is applicable as long as the variation of the IPC, calculated from the beginning to the end of each year, is higher than 55%, 30% and 15%, for the first, second and third year of application, respectively.

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According to the above mentioned, the Company applies the income tax inflation adjustment set out in Title VI of the income tax law since fiscal year 2019, as since that year the variation of the IPC required was verified.

Likewise, it was provided that in order to calculate income tax inflation adjustments corresponding to the first and second fiscal year beginning as from January 1, 2019, one-sixth of the income tax inflation adjustment shall be computed in that fiscal year, and the remaining five-sixths shall be computed in equal parts, in the five immediately following fiscal years.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned, it was established, in general, the update of the cost of several assets -in case of disposal- and the update of computable depreciation of fixed assets, to all acquisitions or investments made in fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2018 based on changes in the CPI.

In Argentina, the tax on assets (impuesto a la ganancia mínima presunta), effective until the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, was supplementary to income tax. The Company assessed this tax at the effective rate of 1% on the taxable assets at year-end. The Company’s tax liability for each year was equal to the higher of the tax on assets assessment or the income tax liability assessed at the legally effective rate on the estimated taxable income for the year. However, if the tax on assets exceeded the income tax liability in any given fiscal year, the excess could be creditable against any excess of income tax liability over the tax on assets in any of the following ten fiscal years.

In 2018, Telecom was subject to the Tax on assets because has recognized accounting profits and tax losses.

The tax on assets balance has been capitalized in the consolidated financial statements since we estimate that the amounts paid for this tax will be recoverable within the statute of limitations, based on the current business plans.

Argentine companies shall remit the taxes applicable to their shareholders who are Argentine individuals and non-resident individuals. Such tax is calculated under the equity method on the shares according to the last financial statements of the Argentine entity prepared in accordance with effective local professional accounting standards and without considering the effect arising from the changes in the purchasing power of the currency.

In accordance with the Law, Argentine companies are entitled to request the refund of such tax paid to their shareholders.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,260, Argentine companies that have properly fulfilled their tax obligations during the two fiscal year periods prior to the 2016 fiscal year and comply with other requirements may qualify for an exemption from the personal assets tax for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 fiscal years. The request for this tax exemption should be filed before March 31, 2017. Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión have already filed this request related to the payment of personal assets tax as substitute taxpayer. Notwithstanding the above, it cannot be assured that in the future the companies will satisfy such requirements and maintain the referred exemption.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,541, the rate applicable as from fiscal year 2019 for this tax is 0.50%.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,432, the National Executive Branch may establish that the percentage of the tax rate on bank credit and debits that to date was not creditable against income tax, be gradually reduced by up to 20% per year as from January 1, 2018. The National Executive Branch may provide that, by 2022, it be fully creditable against income tax. On May 7, 2018, Decree No. 409/18 was issued, which provided that, for transactions subject to the general tax rate, up to 33% of the taxes payable arising from both credited and debited amounts and the other taxable events subject to this tax may be creditable against income tax. In the case of transactions subject to a lower rate, only 20% may be creditable against income tax.

These provisions are applicable to advance payments and balances of income tax returns corresponding to fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, for the tax credits arising from taxable events executed as from that date.

Law No. 27,430 provides for an increase in the effective internal tax rate applicable to mobile telephony services from 4.16% to 5.26%, effective for taxable events executed as from March 1, 2018 (Consumption Internal Tax).

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In addition, pursuant to Decree No. 979/17, as from November 15, 2017, for fiscal year 2018, the effective internal tax rate on the sale of imported mobile phones and other wireless network equipment was reduced from 20.48% to 11.73%. Such rate, pursuant to Law No. 27,430, would decrease gradually until its complete phase out as from January 1, 2024 (for 2019 the rate was 9.89% and for 2020 the rate is 7.53%.) In the case of goods manufactured in the province of Tierra del Fuego, the rate is set at 0% as from November 15, 2017. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the National Budget Law for the year 2021 (Law No. 27,591), effective as from January 1, 2021, revoked the gradual decrease of tax rates established under Law No. 27,430 and the provisions of Decree No. 979/17, and sets up an effective tax rate of 20.48% on the sale of imported mobile phones and other wireless network equipment. In the case of goods manufactured in the province of Tierra del Fuego, the rate was set at 7.009% as from January 1, 2021. This tax shall be applicable until December 31, 2025.

The National Budget Law for fiscal year 2019 (Law No. 27,467, published in the Official Gazette on December 4, 2018) granted the Executive Branch, until December 31, 2020, the power to apply export duties on services rendered in Argentina that are effectively used or exploited abroad, with a rate of up to 30% of the value of those services.

Decree No. 1,201/18 provided that such services are subject to an export duty of 12% with a cap of $4 Argentine pesos for each dollar of the taxable value of the above-mentioned transaction.

Law No. 27,541 amended the foregoing and granted the Executive Branch, until December 31, 2021, the power to apply export duties on services rendered in Argentina that are effectively used or exploited abroad, with a rate of up to 5% of the value of those services. Decree No. 99/19 published on December 28, 2019 establishes, effective as from January 1, 2020, an export duty of 5% on the above-mentioned services.

Law No. 27,430 gradually reduces the percentage of employers’ social security contributions paid by large companies from 21% to 19.5% by 2022. In addition, the law establishes an incremental amount of the non-taxable base that shall be restated for inflation annually in accordance with the consumer price index. However, Law No. 27,541 set the percentage of employers’ social security contributions paid by large companies at 20.4% and the non-taxable base at $7,003.68.

In addition, the National Budget Law for the year 2019 (Law No. 27,467) provides that entities that provide broadcast television or physical link and/or radio-electric link subscription television services, audio broadcasting, cable television signals, newspaper, magazine or periodical publishing companies or companies engaged in digital journalism, and the distributors of those publishing companies, may all allocate employer’s contributions on the payroll for the personnel engaged in such activities as a tax credit on VAT. These contributions must have been accrued in the fiscal period and effectively paid at the moment of submitting the VAT return. As provided above, where the salaries that give rise to the employer’s contributions which may be allocated as a tax credit on VAT are indistinctly related to other activities outside the scope of this benefit, they will be subject to the apportionment procedure.

During 2018, the Company has applied a regime similar to the one provided under Law No. 27,467, based on final court decisions allowing its application.

On June 10, 2020, the Company brought a claim before the National Court of First Instance on Federal Administrative Matters No. 11 of the City of Buenos Aires to request a preliminary injunction ordering the suspension of the payment of VAT and Consumption Internal Taxes on all those services billed to the users that fall within the scope of Decree No. 311/20 (see Note 29 to these consolidated financial statements), and related regulations, until those bills have been effectively settled in whole or in part by the customers, provided those amounts have not been effectively paid to the National Tax Authority in order to avoid any distorting consequences arising from the intrinsic complexities of taxes settlement. On July 15, 2020, the National Court of First Instance on Federal Administrative Matters No. 11 of the City of Buenos Aires denied the request for the preliminary injunction filed by the Company, who filed an appeal before Chamber I of the Court of Appeals on Federal Administrative Matters against such decision. On December 23, 2020, said Court of Appeals revoked the first instance judgment and granted the preliminary injunction requested by the Company for 6 months or until the exceptional legal grounds that gave rise to the request for injunction have ceased, whichever occurs first.

As the preliminary injunction was granted to the Company on December 23, 2020 and the provisions of Decree No. 311/20 were in force until December 31, 2020, the Company did not apply the preliminary injunction provisions.

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This tax is levied on companies based in Argentina for the activities carried out in each province of the country. Rates differ depending on the jurisdiction where business is carried out and on the nature of such business (for example, sale of services or equipment).

Regarding this tax, on January 2, 2018, Law No. 27,429 - “Tax Consensus” was published in the Official Gazette. Such Law approves the Tax Consensus signed between the National Executive Branch and the representatives of the Provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, which provides that the rates shall not exceed certain limits, among other issues. For the communications sector, the maximum rate effective for 2019 is 4% and 6.5% for mobile telephony. Cable television activities are exempt in some jurisdictions. However, on December 17, 2019, a new fiscal consensus was signed and approved by Law No. 27,542, published in the Official Gazette on February 12, 2020, whereby the gradual reduction of the rates provided under Law No. 27,429 was suspended until December 31, 2020. Likewise, on December 4, 2020 a new fiscal consensus was signed, which established again the suspension until December 31, 2021 of the gradual rates reduction provided by Law No. 27,429.

Since the beginning of 2001, telecommunication service companies have been required to make a SU contribution to fund SU requirements. For more information, see Note 2.d – Universal Service Regulation).

Audiovisual Communication Services Law No. 26,522 established a tax on audiovisual communication services. According to the law, the holders of those services must pay a tax proportional to the amount of gross revenues from the sale of traditional and non-traditional advertising, programs, signals, contents, subscriptions and any other item that arises from the exploitation. In the case of cable operators, the tax rate varies between 2% and 5% based on the number of inhabitants in the area where the service is rendered. In the case of licensees, permit holders, authorized entities and owners of the registered title of signals who are registered VAT payers and are also subject to the tax established by Law No. 26,522, 100% of the amounts effectively paid under the tax established by the new law may be creditable against VAT.

In addition, the Company pays for copyrights to several institutions such as AADI-CAPIF, SADAIC, ARGENTORES. Those rights are calculated on similar bases as those indicated in the previous paragraph and the rates range between 0.1% and 1%.

The Company records provisions when it has a present, legal or constructive obligation, to a third party, as a result of a past event, when it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to satisfy the obligation and when the amount of the obligation can be estimated reliably.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, and the payment date of the obligations can be reasonably estimated, provisions to be accrued are the present value of the expected cash flows, considering the risks associated with the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as finance expenses. For more information, see Note 19 to these consolidated financial statements.

Provisions also include the expected costs of dismantling assets and restoring the corresponding site if a legal or constructive obligation exists. The accounting estimates for dismantling costs, including discount rates, and the dates on which such costs are expected to be incurred are reviewed annually, at each financial year-end.

Dividends payable are reported as a change in equity in the year in which they are approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting.

For non-cash assets dividends, dividends payable must be valued at the fair value of the assets to be delivered.

Debt Financial costs and other financial results, net, are recorded as incurred and may include:

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In connection with the Treasury Shares Acquisition Process the guidance set forth in IAS 32 must by applied, which provides, consistently with the CNV Regulations, that any instruments of its own equity acquired by the Company must be recorded at the acquisition cost and must be deducted from Equity under the caption “Treasury shares acquisition cost”. No profit or loss resulting from holding such instruments of own equity shall be recognized in the income statement.

Due to the merger between Telecom Argentina (surviving entity and accounting acquired) and Cablevisión (absorbed entity), a merger surplus was generated, which mainly reflects the difference between the fair value of the consideration transferred and the book value of the equity of Telecom Argentina as of the effective date of the merger.

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to owners of the Parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. On the other hand, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) for the year by the weighted average number of common shares issued and dilutive potential common shares at the closing of the year. Since the Company has no dilutive potential common stock outstanding, diluted earnings per share and basic earnings per share are the same.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 the weighted average number of shares outstanding amounted to 2,153,688,011.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with IFRS requires the Company's Management to make estimates and assumptions based also on subjective judgments, experience and hypotheses considered reasonable and realistic in relation to the information known at the time of the estimate.

Such estimates have an effect on the measurement of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these consolidated financial statements as well as the measurement of revenues and costs during the year. Actual results could differ, even significantly, from those estimates because of possible changes in the factors considered in the determination of such estimates. Estimates are reviewed periodically.

The most important accounting estimates which require significant subjectivity, that could affect the valuation of assets and liabilities, are addressed below:

As indicated in section l) of this Note, the Company monitors goodwill allocated to a cash generating unit (CGU) and, to determine its recoverable value, considers the higher value between its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.

For fiscal year 2020, the recoverable value of the Argentinian CGU, which includes goodwill, was determined using fair value less costs of disposal, which was calculated on the basis of Telecom's market capitalization value. Estimated disposal costs includes, among others, legal and consulting fees that could be directly related to the disposal of the CGU.

As of December 31, 2020, the capitalization value of the Company amounted to $423,523 based on the share price of $196.65 (the source of the share price is BYMA 12/30/2020, level 1 in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with IFRS 13). To determine the fair value of the Argentinean CGU, the capitalization value was adjusted for (i) the estimated fair value of other CGUs (which value is not significant in relation to Company’s total market capitalization), (ii) the effect of the net liabilities not subject to this impairment test at their estimated fair value and (iii) estimated disposal costs in an orderly transaction of 0.04%.

As a result of the above-mentioned calculation, fair value less cost of disposal of the Argentinian CGU exceeds book value of the CGU of Argentina by approximately 4%. Consequently, while management concluded that it was not necessary to determine a control premium for the Argentinian CGU to demonstrate the recoverability of the carrying value of the CGU, any such control premium is estimated by management to be between 10% and 30% for this type of industry.

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The Company has considered the following sensitivity analysis of the recoverability test: Keeping the fair value of the net liabilities stable and not considering the Control Premium effect, Telecom share price should decrease to $184.22 (6.32%) to equalize the Fair Value of the CGU and the Book Value of the CGU.

For fiscal year 2019, the Company estimated the Recoverable Value of the CGU using a discounted cash flow model (Value in Use). These calculations required the use of significant judgment and estimates.

The cash flows used corresponded to the business plan approved by the Company's Management and Company’s Management additional estimations to cover a period of 5 years. In order to determine the residual value of the cash-generating unit, the Company considered a normalized constant cash flow taking into consideration a long-term growth rate of 3.5%.

For the preparation of such cash flows, the Company considered the current market situation in which Telecom operated in 2019. Likewise, the Company's Management estimated the future behavior of certain assumptions that are sensitive in the determination of the value in use, among them, the operating result, the discount rate and certain macroeconomic variables such as projected inflation and exchange rates.

In relation to the aforementioned assumptions, the Company's Management determined the estimated operating result based on past performance and market development expectations (including demand projections, prices and costs). Real cash flows could be different from those used for the value in use determination.

Cash flows were discounted at a discount rate (WACC) of 10.89%, which reflected the specific risks related to the industry and the country in which the Company operates.

For the years presented in these consolidated financial statements, the test results were satisfactory. Therefore, no recoverability problems were observed and, accordingly, no impairment has been recorded for the assets detailed above, except for those specifically identified in Note 3.l) to this Note.

PP&E and intangible assets with definite useful lives are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The determination of the depreciable amount of the assets and their useful lives involves significant judgment. The Company periodically reviews, at least at each financial year-end, the estimated useful lives and the residual value of its PP&E and amortizable intangible assets.

Income taxes (current and deferred) are calculated in Telecom and its subsidiaries according to a reasonable interpretation of the tax laws in effect in each jurisdiction where the companies operate. The recoverability assessment of deferred tax assets sometimes involves complex estimates to determine taxable income and deductible and taxable temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the taxable amounts. In particular, deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that future taxable income will be available against which they can be utilized. The measurement of the recoverability of deferred tax assets takes into account the estimate of future taxable income based on the Company’s projections and on conservative tax planning.

On the other hand, the recoverability assessment of the tax receivable related to the actions of recourse filed by the Company in connection with income tax inflation adjustment (Note 15 to these consolidated financial statements), is based on the existing legal arguments and future behavior of Tax Courts and the National Tax Authority in revising the claims filed by the Company.

For the measurement of deferred tax, the fiscal year of future reversals of temporary differences that originate deferred asset/liability has been estimated applying the income tax rate of each reversal period. The actual moment of the future taxable revenues and deductions may differ from those estimated, and may produce an impact on future income.

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· Allowance for Bad Debts: The recoverability of trade receivables is measured by considering the aging of the accounts receivable balances, un-subscription of customers, historical write-offs, public sector and corporate customer creditworthiness and changes in the customer payment terms, as well as the estimates regarding future performance, assessing the expected credit loss in accordance with IFRS 9. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, the actual write-offs could be different from expected.

In the absence of an accounting Standard or Interpretation that specifically applies to a particular transaction, the Company’s Management considers the IFRS framework and valuation techniques generally applied in the telecommunication industry and uses its judgment to evaluate the accounting methods to adopt in order to provide financial statements that faithfully represent the financial position, the results of operations and the cash flows of Telecom and its subsidiaries, reflect the economic substance of the transactions, are neutral, are prepared on a prudent basis and are complete in all aspects.

As of the date to prepare these consolidated financial statements, the Company has not applied the following new standards and amendments to the existing ones which application is mandatory for periods beginning after December 31, 2020.

Although Management is analyzing the potential impacts of such standards, and according to the preliminary analysis performed, the mentioned standards will have no significant impact in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

F-45

In April 2020, the PEN, through Decree No. 391/20 and the Government of the Province of Buenos Aires, established a restructuring of certain National and Provincial Government Bonds issued under foreign law through the invitation to lenders to exchange those bonds for others, subject to new issuance conditions.

Furthermore, the exchange offer for the restructuring of foreign currency-denominated government bonds issued under argentine law was approved in August 2020.

In May, July and August 2020, the Company submitted several exchange offers of its bonds portfolio that could be exchanged, in accordance with the established conditions and procedures provided to each case.

The exchange of the National and Provincial Bonds issued under foreign and argentine laws took place in early September 2020. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the exchange of the Province of Buenos Aires Government Bonds was still pending.

The Company applies the indirect method to reconcile the net income for the year with the cash flows generated by its operations.

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash, bank current accounts and short-term highly liquid investments (with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition). Bank overdrafts are disclosed in the consolidated statement of financial position as financial debts and its flows in the cash flow statements as proceed and payment of financial debt, because they are part of the short-term financial structure of Telecom and its subsidiaries.

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Main non-cash operating transactions and that were eliminated from the consolidated statement of cash flows are the following:

Telecom Argentina’s General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on November 13, 2020 resolved to distribute non- cash assets dividends as follows: i) Global Bonds of the Argentine Republic amortizable in US dollars maturing on July 9, 2030 (the “2030 Global Bonds”), for a nominal value of US$157,642,897, and ii) Global Bonds of the Argentine Republic amortizable in US dollars maturing on July 9, 2035 (the “2035 Global Bonds”) for a nominal value of US$271,896,177.

Consequently, and considering that the valuation of the mentioned non-cash assets dividends was $24,723,374,678 Argentine pesos ($25,713 in current currency as of December 31, 2020), the “Voluntary Reserve for Future Cash Dividends” amounting to $6,600 in current currency as of December 31, 2020 was fully withdraw and the “Voluntary Reserve to maintain the Company’s level of investments in capital assets and the current level of solvency” was partially withdraw in $19,113 in current currency as of December 31, 2020.

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Brief information on cash dividends of the Company and its subsidiaries is provided below:

(*) Includes $249 of loans with the CDB Bank (Note 13) that do not represent cash movement.

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Movements in the valuation allowance for obsolescence and impairment of materials are as follows:

Details on the nature and movements of PP&E as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Details on the nature and movements of PP&E as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

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Details on the nature and movements of intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Details on the nature and movements of intangible assets as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

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Details on the nature and movements of Right of use assets as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:

(a) For the determination of the previously informed amounts, real discount rates were used amounting to 11% (average in Argentine pesos) and 6.4% (in US dollars)

Details on the nature and movements of Right of use assets as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

(b) For the determination of the previously informed amounts, real discount rates were used amounting to 11% (average in Argentine pesos) and between 5% and 7% (in US dollars)

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Most of the bank and other financing entities loans subscribed by the Company contain standard compliance ratios for this kind of agreements. As of December 31, 2020, Telecom has complied with them.

The main bank and other financing entities loans agreements, which are effective as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, are detailed below:

On December 28, 2017, Telecom Argentina held an Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting that approved a Notes Global Program for a maximum outstanding amount of US$3,000 million or its equivalent in other currencies. The delegation of powers in the Board of Directors was also approved to determine and modify the terms and conditions of the Program as well as to establish the issuance opportunities. On April 19, 2018, the CNV approved the mentioned Program, through Resolution No. 19,481.

Within the mentioned Program, Telecom Argentina issued several series of Notes in Argentine pesos and in US dollars, which are described below:

In July 2019, the Company informed CNV about the renewal of the period of placement of Notes for an amount of nominal value of US$300 million, that can be increased to US$500 million, whose funds were used to the refinancing of liabilities, including the use of up to US$250 million to refinance Series “A” Notes maturing in 2021 (See “Series 5 Notes – Foreign currency financial debt renegotiation”).

The amount of the Notes finally issued and its main characteristics are detailed below:

Amount involved: US$400 million (approximately $17,148 as of the date of issuance).

Interest rate: It bears interest semiannually from its issuance date until its maturity date at a fixed annual rate of 8.00%.

Interest Payment Date: Interest will be paid semiannually since issuance date. The last interest payment date will be the maturity date.

The Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$392.36 million (since US$2.4 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses and US$5.24 million that corresponded to issuance under par were deducted from the initial disbursement) equivalent to $16,820 as of the date of the disbursement collection. From this disbursement, the Company used US$34.2 million to repurchase Series “A” Notes maturing in 2021 (See “Series 5 Notes – Foreign currency financial debt renegotiation”) and US$100 million to the partial prepayment of the Term Loan, which were paid in July 25, 2019.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$406.7 million of the mentioned Notes remained unpaid (equivalent to $34,221).

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On January 23, 2020, the Company informed CNV about the renewal of the period of placement of Notes in two series for a total amount of nominal value of $1,500, that can be increased to $5,000. The amount of the Notes finally issued and its main characteristics are detailed below:

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable in a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate (Badlar plus spread of 4.75%). The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate (Badlar plus spread of 5.25%). The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

The Company received a disbursement for a total amount of $4,374, since $23 corresponding to debt issuance expenses were deducted from the initial disbursement (amounts in currency of the transaction date).

During November and December 2020, the Company repurchased approximately $86.0 (principal nominal value) of Series 3 Notes. These operations were carried out at the market value of each repurchase date, which did not significantly differ from their accounting valuation on that date.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of $3,303 of Series 3 Notes and $1,274 of Series 4 Notes remained unpaid.

During January 2021, the Company repurchased approximately $150.0 (principal nominal value) of Series 3 Notes. These operations were carried out at the market value of each repurchase date, which did not significantly differ from their accounting valuation on that date.

On maturity date of Series 3 Notes, the Company paid $3,249 of Series 3 Notes ($2,961 of principal and $288 of accrued interest).

Within the framework of continuous optimization of terms, rates and structure of its financial debt, on August 6, 2020, the Company has refinanced part of its financial debt through the issuance of Series 5 Notes, which main characteristics are detailed below:

Amount involved: US$388.9 million (approximately $28,273 as of the date of issuance), of which US$253.5 million correspond to instruments to be subscribed in kind through the exchange of Series “A” Notes as described in item b) below and US$135.4 million correspond to instruments to be integrated in cash.

Amortization: Principal will be settled as follows: 3% on February 6, 2023, 30% on August 6, 2023, 33% on August 6, 2024 and 34% on August 6, 2025.

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a semiannually basis from its issuance date until the maturity date, at an annual fixed rate of 8.50%. The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

Integration Options: Series 5 Notes may be integrated, at the investor's choice, in cash (US$) or in non - cash assets through the exchange of Series “A” Notes with maturity date in 2021. Net cash proceeds of Series 5 Notes were applied to the cancellation of the loan with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, mentioned in item c) below. Series “A” Notes delivered for the non – cash assets subscription of Series 5 Notes have been settled by the Company.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$413.8 million of the mentioned Notes remained unpaid (equivalent to $34,818).

F-54

On April 20, 2016, at the Annual General Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Cablevisión, the shareholders of Cablevisión approved, among other matters, the extension of the authorization of the Global Program for the Issuance of Notes, which had been granted at the Annual General Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Cablevisión on April 28, 2014, increasing the maximum amount of the outstanding Notes that may be issued under this Program from a nominal value outstanding at any time of US$500 million (or its equivalent in other currencies) to US$1,000 million (or its equivalent in other currencies), delegating broad powers to the Board of Directors.

On June 1, 2016, the Board of Directors of Cablevisión authorized the issuance of Series “A” Notes for a nominal value of US$500 million at fixed annual nominal interest rate of 6.50%, interest payable semi-annually, maturing in June 2021.

As a result of the merger between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión, Series “A” Notes were assumed by the Company in January 1, 2018.

For this purpose, Telecom Argentina, as successor of Cablevisión, the Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee and Banco Comafi S.A., as trustee representative in Argentina, signed a supplement to the Trust Agreement formalizing the absorption of the Series “A” Notes by Telecom Argentina.

On July 10, 2019, Telecom made an offer to repurchase Series “A” Notes for an amount of up to US$200 million, under certain terms and conditions. Total consideration offered for each US$1,000 of nominal value in accordance with the offer amounted to US$997.50 plus accrued interest. The purchase offer ended on August 9, 2019. As a result of the offer, Telecom canceled a total amount of US$34.2 million of Series “A” Notes (US$30.4 million on July 25, 2019 and US$3.8 million on August 14, 2019).

Additionally, and until December 31, 2019, the Company repurchased approximately US$0.5 million (nominal value) of the Series “A” Notes. These transactions were executed at the quoted market price prevailing on each repurchase date, which did not significantly differ from the book value as of that date.

On July 7, 2020, the Company started the public offering placement process of Series 5 Notes, with the purpose of refinancing Series “A” Notes and the loan with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch mentioned in point c) below, jointly with a request for consent for the amendment of certain terms and conditions of Series “A” Notes. Series “A” Notes holders’, who chose to deliver these Notes for the subscription in kind of Series 5 Notes, received for each US$1,000 of Series “A” Notes delivered to the Company: i) US$700 of principal of Series 5 Notes; and ii) US$320 in cash (see “Agreement with the TMF Trust Company” to this Note). According to the offer, the nominal value of Series “A” Notes delivered to the Company for the integration in non – cash assets of Series 5 Notes amounted to US$362.2 million, representing approximately 77.74% of total outstanding Series “A” Notes, which were settled and retired.

As a result, the remaining nominal value of outstanding Series “A” Notes amounts to US$103.4 million, equivalent to $8,704.

On November 8, 2018, the Company acknowledged the acceptance by Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, as organizer of a syndicate of banks, of a loan facility for an amount of up to US$200 million (which might be increased up to US$300 million). On November 14, 2018 the Company acknowledged the acceptance of the extension of the loan offer by Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, for US$100 million.

The Deutsche Bank Loan has a term of 42 months counted from the date of the initial borrowing and will accrue compensatory interest at an initial rate per annum equivalent to LIBO plus 4.5% that will be payable quarterly, in arrears. The principal will be payable in six consecutive semi-annual equal installments equivalent to 12.5% of the disbursed amount with a final payment on the maturity date equivalent to 25% of the initial borrowing.

The proceeds from the Deutsche Bank Loan were used by the Company only to partially prepay the Syndicated Loan.

On August 6, 2020, the Company fully settled the bank loan with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, which it total outstanding principal amounted to US$187.5 million, including interest accrued at that date and related expenses, with cash obtained from the subscription of Series 5 Notes previously mentioned and the payment in cash made by the Trust (see “Agreement with the TMF Trust Company” to this Note).

As a result of this financial debt renegotiation, the Company recorded a loss of $2,669, that is included in “Financial debt renegotiation results” item, included in Other financial results, net.

F-55

On December 2, 2020, the Company offered a Notes subscription in two series for a total amount of nominal value of $1,500, that can be increased to $10,000. The amount of the Notes finally issued and its main characteristics are detailed below:

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate (Badlar plus spread of 2.25%). The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

Amount involved: $125,248,683 UVA, equivalent to $7,786,710,622 Argentine pesos as of the date of issuance.

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a 3% fixed annual rate. The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

The Company received a disbursement for a total amount of $9,671, since $45 corresponding to debt issuance expenses were deducted from the initial disbursement (amount corresponding to the transaction date).

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of $1,957 of Series 6 Notes and $8,015 of Series 7 Notes remained unpaid.

On July 5, 2016, Personal, company merged by absorption into Telecom, accepted an offer from the IFC (member of the World Bank Group) for the assessment and transfer of funds for purposes of financing investment needs, work capital and debt refinancing. On October 5, 2016 Personal and the IFC signed the loan agreement (“IFC Loan”) for an amount of US$400 million and for a six-year period, payable in 8 equal semiannual installments since the 30^th month, with a 6 month LIBOR + 400bp. This loan was used to deploy the 4G network and refinance short-term financial liabilities. The loan terms include standard commitments and limitations for this type of financial transactions.

On March 4, 2019 The Company signed a new loan agreement with IFC for a total amount of up to US$450 million, as requested in a timely manner by the Company in one or more disbursements (the "Loan"). The Loan consisted of a tranche “A”, a tranche “B-1”, a tranche “B-2”, a tranche “B-3” and a tranche “B-4” which will accrue compensatory interest payables semiannually for periods that are due at an annual rate equal to LIBOR plus the following margins: 4.85 percentage points in the case of Tranche A, Tranche B-2 and Tranche B-4, and 4.60 percentage points in the case of Tranche B-1 and Tranche B-3. Likewise, the principal will be payable as follows: Tranche A, Tranche B-2, and Tranche B-4 in eight consecutive semi-annual equal installments from February 2021 and final maturity in August 2024 and Tranche B-1 and Tranche B-3 in six consecutive semi-annual equal installments from February 2021 and final maturity in August 2023. The proceeds from the loan were used to finance capital investments for 2019.

On March 18, 2019, the Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$290 million (US$285.5 million were received, because US$4.5 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses were deducted from the initial disbursement) in relation to the loan agreement that the Company signed with IFC for a total amount of up to US$450 million on March 4, 2019. The disbursement of US$290 million is divided into two tranches: a) a disbursement of US$160 million, which accrues interest payable semiannually for periods that are due at an annual rate equal to LIBO plus 4.85 percentage points, which will be cancelled in 8 consecutive semiannual equal installments from February 2021 with maturity date in August 2024 and b) a disbursement of US$130 million, which accrues interest payable semiannually for periods that are due at an annual rate equal to LIBO plus 4.60 percentage points, which will be cancelled in 6 consecutive semiannual equal installments from February 2021 with maturity date in August 2023.

F-56

On April 25, 2019, an additional disbursement was received for a total amount of US$20 million which accrues interest payable semiannually for periods that are due at an annual rate equal to LIBO plus 4.85 percentage points, which will be cancelled in 8 consecutive semiannual equal installments from February 2021 and final maturity in August 2024.

On September 22, 2020, the Company refinanced those loans and agreed to change the amortization schedule of all principal maturities that would take place during the last quarter of 2020 and 2021, by deferring the 85% of them for a term ranging between 24 and 48 months, and pre-paying the remaining 15% jointly with accrued interest and other related expenses (see “Agreement with the TMF Trust Company” to this Note). As a result of this renegotiation, the Company recognized a loss of $525 that is included in “Financial debt renegotiation results” item, within Other financial results, net.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$487.3 million of these agreements remained unpaid (equivalent to $41,006).

On April 7, 2017, Personal and IIC (member of the IDB Group), signed a loan agreement for an amount of US$100 million maturing in September 2022, payable in 8 equal semiannual installments since the 24th month, with a 6 month LIBOR + 400bp. The funds of this loan were allocated to deploy the 4G network and for financing working capital and other financial needs. The loan terms include standard commitments and covenants for this type of financial transactions.

On the other hand, on May 29, 2019 the Company subscribed a loan agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB Invest) for a total amount of up to US$300 million. On June 7, 2019, a disbursement for a total amount of US$75 million was received (US$74.15 million were received, because US$0.85 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses, that were deducted from the initial disbursement). This debt accrues interest of LIBOR plus 4.90 percentage points, which will be cancelled in 10 consecutive semiannual equal installments from November 2021 with maturity date in May 2026.

Likewise, on July 11, 2019, an additional disbursement was received for a total amount of US$25 million (US$24.55 million were received, because US$0.45 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses were deducted from the initial disbursement) which accrues interest payable semiannually for periods that are due at an annual rate equal to LIBO plus 4.60 percentage points, which will be cancelled in 6 consecutive semiannual equal installments from May 2021 and final maturity in November 2023.

On February 4, 2020 the Company and IDB Invest executed a supplement to the original loan agreement for a total amount of US$125 million, consisting of the following: i) a first tranche of US$50 million maturing on November 15, 2023 bearing interest at LIBOR plus 4.6%, payable in 8 consecutive semiannual installments since May 2020, and ii) a second tranche of US$75 million maturing on November 15, 2022 bearing interest at LIBOR plus a variable spread of 7% to 7.75%, payable in 6 consecutive semiannual installments since May 2020. The Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$123.4 million, since US$1.6 million, corresponding to debt issuance expenses, were deducted from the initial disbursement.

On April 7, 2020, the Company received a new disbursement for a total amount of US$25 million maturing on November 15, 2022. The Company received US$24.6 million since US$0.4 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses were deducted.

On September 22, 2020, the Company refinanced those loans and agreed to change the amortization schedule of all principal maturities that would take place during the last quarter of 2020 and 2021, by deferring 85% of them for a term ranging between 24 and 66 months, and pre-paying the remaining 15% jointly with accrued interest and other related expenses (see “Agreement with the TMF Trust Company” to this Note). As a result of this renegotiation, the Company recognized a loss of $250 that is included in “Financial debt renegotiation results” item, within Other financial results, net.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$288.9 million of these agreements remained unpaid (equivalent to $24,314).

To be able to meet the requirements arising from the renegotiation of financial debts carried out by the Company, which involves significant payments in cash, on July 15, 2020 the Company entered into a trust agreement with TMF Trust Company (Uruguay), in its capacity as trustee, for the provision of funds and the administration of those payments.

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According to the above-mentioned, by the end of July 2020, the Company disbursed to the Trust a total amount of US$273 million. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Trust has made the following payments in cash:

On November 5, 2020, the Trust Administration Committee notified the Trustee that the trust ended, since the purpose of the Trust was fulfilled, its purpose was finished and pending expenses in charge of the Trust were paid. Also, according to its contractual terms, the Trustee was instructed to proceed to transfer the remaining Trust Assets in accordance with the instructions provided by the Trust Administration Committee, after deducting a minimum amount to face future termination and settlement expenses of the Trust. On that date, the Trust transferred, as remaining Trust Assets, 45.5 million Treasury Bonds of the United States to the subsidiary Televisión Dirigida in compliance with pre-existing obligations.

On October 8, 2018, the Company entered into a new agreement with Citibank, N.A., HSBC Mexico, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander, S.A., in its capacity as lenders, Citibank, N.A., HSBC Mexico, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander, S.A. as organizers, Citibank N.A. as an administrative agent and the Citibank N.A. branch established in Argentina, as agent of local custody, for an aggregate principal amount of US$500 million (which can be increased, in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof) and to 48 months of term (the "Loan").

On October 17, 2018, the Company requested a disbursement of US$500 million. The disbursed principal accrues compensatory interest at an annual rate equivalent to LIBO plus the following margin: 4.50 percentage points during the first year after the disbursement, 5.00 percentage points, during the second year and 5.25 percentage points from the date that is two years after the disbursement and until the maturity date; and will be payable quarterly in arrears.

The partial pre-payment of “Term Loan” paid by Telecom during 2019 and 2020 were as follows:

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$140.6 million remained unpaid (equivalent to $11,831).

On May 7, 2019, the Company submitted a proposal for an export credit line for a total amount of up to US$96 million to the following entities: (i) Banco Santander, S.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., London Branch, as initial lenders, lead coordinators and guarantors of residual risk, (ii) JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., London Branch, as a financing agent and ECA bank, (iii) Banco Santander, S.A. as a bank of documentation and (iv) Banco Santander Río S.A. as a local custody agent, which was accepted on the same date.

The line of credit is guaranteed by Finnvera plc, the official export credit agency of Finland, which granted a bond in favor of the lenders subject to certain terms and conditions.

The funds received will be used to finance up to 85% of the value of certain imported goods and services, the value of certain national goods and services and the total payment of the Finnvera surplus equivalent to 7.82% of the total amount committed by the lenders under the line of credit.

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On May 23, 2019, a disbursement for a total amount of US$36 million (US$30.6 million was received because US$2.8 million corresponding to debt issuance expenses and US$2.6 million corresponding to the payment of the first installment were deducted from the initial disbursement). This debt accrues interest at a rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04 percentage points payable semiannually in 13 consecutive semiannual equal installments from November 2019 with maturity date in November 2025.

On October 25, 2019, the Company received a second disbursement for a total amount of US$11.1 million (US$ 6.4 million were received, because US$4.7 million corresponding to the total premium amount committed for tranche “B” were deducted). This loan accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04 percentage points payable in 14 consecutive semiannual installments from May 2020 with maturity date in November 2026.

On December 20, 2019, the Company received a third disbursement for a total amount of US$15.3 million. This loan accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04 percentage points payable in 13 consecutive semiannual installments from November 2020 with maturity date in November 2026.

On March 5, 2020, the Company received a fourth disbursement for a total amount of US$10.5 million. This loan accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04 percentage points payable in 13 consecutive semiannual installments from November 2020 with maturity date in November 2026.

On June 18, 2020, the Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$6.8 million. This loan will be payable in 13 consecutive semiannual installments from November 2020 with maturity date in November 2026 and accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04%.

On November 7, 2020, the Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$8.5 million. This loan will be payable in 12 consecutive semiannual installments from May 2021 with maturity date in November 2026 and accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04%.

On December 18, 2020, the Company received a disbursement for a total amount of US$7.7 million. This loan will be payable in 12 consecutive semiannual installments from May 2021 with maturity date in November 2026 and accrues an interest rate equivalent to LIBO plus 1.04%.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$70.4 million remained unpaid (equivalent to $5,926).

On December 14, 2020, the Company agreed with CDB a compromised line of credit of up to RMB 700 million (equivalent to approximately US$100 million), that can be increased to RMB 1,400 million, structured in several tranches. The increase in the amount will be subject to the granting of insurance by the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation.

The proceeds from the loan will be used by the Company to finance its investment plan related to the acquisition of telecommunications equipment.

On December 24, 2020, the Company subscribed a first tranche for a total of RMB 19.6 million bearing an annual interest rate of 6.8% payable semi-annually. The principal will be cancelled in 11 semi-annual and consecutive installments from May 2023 to December 2027.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of RMB 16.8 million remained unpaid (equivalent to $217).

On March 16, 2020 the Company subscribed a loan agreement with Banco Macro S.A for a total amount of $4,000. Total principal will be settled by one payment at maturity date, which will be on September 16, 2021. The loan bears interest that will be paid in a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate equivalent to Badlar plus spread of 6.75%.

As a result of the merge between Telecom Argentina and Cablevisión, the Company assumed a loan agreement with ICBC S.A. for import financing for an amount of US$5.2 million that accrues interest at an annual rate of 6% and has semiannual interest maturities. The principal is amortized in 8 semi-annual installments from July 2018 maturing in January 2022.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$1.97 million remained unpaid (equivalent to $166).

On the other hand, on April 13, 2020 the Company subscribed a loan agreement with Banco ICBC S.A for a total amount of $975. Total principal will be settled by one payment at maturity date, which will be on April 13, 2021. The loan bears interest in a monthly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate equivalent to Badlar plus spread of 9.75%.

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On May 4, 2020 the Company subscribed a loan agreement with Banco Galicia S.A for a total amount of $2,000. Total principal will be settled by one payment at maturity date, which will be on April 29, 2021. The loan bears interest that will be paid in a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at a variable annual rate equivalent to Badlar plus spread of 7.75%.

a) On January 7, 2020 the Company proceeded to the total cancellation of a loan with Banco Macro, by paying US$4.6 million (US$4.4 million of principal and US$0.2 million of interest).

b) On February 6, 2020 the Company proceeded to the total cancellation of a loan with Banco Itaú for financing imports, by paying US$1.08 million (US$1.07 million of principal and US$0.01 million of interest).

c) On June 18, 2020 the Company proceeded to the total cancellation of a loan with Banco Galicia, by paying US$8.97 million (US$8.43 million of principal and US$0.54 million of interest).

The Company has debt agreements with Cisco Systems Capital Corporation related to purchase equipment financing, amounting to US$83.1 million (of which US$33.6 million were received during 2020). Such agreements have an average maturity term of fifty months with partial repayments and accrue an average annual interest of 4%.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of US$83.5 million remained unpaid (equivalent to $7,027).

The Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Núcleo held on April 24, 2018 amended its bylaws in order to adapt them to the regulations of the securities market, becoming Núcleo in a Public Limited Company (SAE).

On January 4, 2019, Núcleo requested the National Securities Commission and the Stock and Products Exchange of Asunción to register the Global Issuance Program that foresees the issuance of Notes for an amount of up to 500,000,000,000 of Guaraníes (approximately $3,200 as of such date) under the conditions that are defined by the Board of Directors in each series.

On February 5, 2019, the National Securities Commission of Paraguay authorized the Program, under Resolution N° 11E/19.

Amount involved: 120,000,000,000 of Guaraníes (approximately $841 as of the date of issuance).

Amortization: Principal will be paid in one installment at maturity date (March 11, 2024).

Interest rate: It bears interest from its issuance date until its maturity date at a fixed annual rate of 9.00%.

Interest Payment Date: Interest will be paid quarterly in arrears since issuance date. The last interest payment date will be the maturity date.

Amount involved: 30,000,000,000 of Guaraníes (approximately $210 as of the date of issuance).

Amortization: Principal will paid in one installment at maturity date (March 26, 2024).

Interest rate: It bears interest from its issuance date until its maturity date at a fixed annual rate of 9.00%.

Interest Payment Date: Interest will be paid quarterly in arrears since issuance date. The last interest payment date will be the maturity date.

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Amount involved: 100,000,000,000 of Guaraníes (approximately $948 as of the date of issuance).

Interest rate: It bears interest from its issuance date until its maturity date at a fixed annual rate of 8.75%.

Interest Payment Date: Interest will be paid quarterly in arrears since issuance date. The last interest payment date will be at the maturity date.

As of December 31, 2020, an amount of Guaraníes 250,532,000,000 of Notes remained unpaid (equivalent to $3,005).

As of December 31, 2020, Núcleo maintains loans with different financial entities for Guaraníes 225,600,000,000, equivalent to $2,707, which accrue interest at an average rate of 8.2% and have an average repayment term of 4 years.

The terms and conditions of Núcleo’s loans provide for certain events of default which are considered standard for these kinds of operations.

Compensation for the Key Managers of Telecom for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are shown in Note 27.e).

Deferred Income tax assets and liabilities, net and the actions for recourse tax receivable are presented below:

(*) Includes $82 of currency translation adjustments on foreign subsidiaries’ initial balances.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company and some subsidiaries have a cumulative Tax carryforward of approximately $45,866, that calculated considering statutory income tax rate, represent a deferred tax asset of approximately $11,467.

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Income tax (expense) benefit differed from the amounts computed by applying the Company’s statutory income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following:

Section 10 of Law No. 23,928 and Section 39 of Law No. 24,073 suspended the application of the provisions of Title VI of the Income Tax Law relating to the income tax inflation adjustment since April 1, 1992.

Accordingly, Telecom Argentina determined its income tax obligations in accordance to those provisions, without considering the income tax inflation adjustment.

After the economic crisis of 2002, many taxpayers began to question the legality of the provisions suspending the income tax inflation adjustment. Also, the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice issued its verdict in the "Candy" case July 3, 2009 in which it stated that particularly for fiscal year 2002 and considering the serious state of disturbance of that year, the taxpayer could demonstrate that not applying the income tax inflation adjustment resulted in confiscatory income tax rates.

More recently, the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice applied a similar criterion to the 2010, 2011. 2012 and 2014 fiscal years in the cases brought by “Distribuidora Gas del Centro” (10/14/14, 06/02/15, 10/04/16 and 06/25/19), among others, enabling the application of income tax inflation adjustment for periods not affected by a severe economic crisis such as 2002.

According to the above-mentioned new legal background that the Company took knowledge during 2015, Telecom Argentina filed during 2015 to 2020 actions for recourse with the AFIP to claim the full tax overpaid for fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 for a total amount of approximately $1,261 plus interest, under the argument that the lack of application of the income tax inflation adjustment is confiscatory.

On September 24, 2019 Telecom was notified of the resolutions dated September 12, 2019 and August 30, 2019 in which the AFIP has rejected the actions for recourse corresponding to fiscal years 2009 and 2010 respectively. Also, on November 11, 2019 Telecom was notified of the resolutions dated October 29, 2019 in which the AFIP has rejected the actions for recourse corresponding to fiscal years 2011 and 2012. According to this, on October 15, 2019 and on December 3, 2019, Telecom filed four actions for recourse before the National Court of First Instance, since the Company's Management, with the assistance of its tax advisors, understands that the arguments presented by the Company follow the same criteria as those considered by the Supreme Court of Argentina in similar precedents, among others. Therefore, the Company should obtain a favorable resolution to such claims.

Consequently, the income tax determined in excess qualifies as a tax credit in compliance with IAS 12 and the Company recorded a non-current tax credit of $882 as of December 31, 2020. For the measurement and update of the tax credit, the Company has estimated the amount of the tax determined in excess for the years 2009-2017 weighting the likelihood of certain variables according to the jurisprudential antecedents known as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s Management will assess Tax Authority’s resolutions related to actions of recourse filed as well as the jurisprudence evolution in order to, at least annually, remeasure the tax credit recorded.

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(****) Include RECPAM and ($1) and ($2) paid as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Telecom and its subsidiaries are parties to several civil, tax, commercial, labor and regulatory proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In order to determine the proper level of provisions, Management of the Company, based on the opinion of its internal and external legal counsel, assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes related to these matters as well as the range of probable losses that may result from the potential outcomes. A determination of the amount of provisions required, if any, is achieved after careful analysis of each individual case.

The determination of the required provisions may change in the future due to new developments or unknown facts at the time of the evaluation of the claims or changes as a matter of law or legal interpretation.

Below is a summary of the most significant claims and legal actions for which the Company, based on the advice of its legal counsel and the judicial background for each claim, has recorded provisions, that considered enough:

Various legal actions are brought, mainly by former employees of the Company against the Argentine government and Telecom Argentina, requesting that Decree No. 395/92 – which expressly exempted Telefónica and the Company from issuing the profit sharing bonds provided in Law No. 23,696 – be struck down as unconstitutional. The plaintiffs also claim the compensation for damages they suffered because such bonds have not been issued.

In August 2008, the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice found Decree No. 395/92 unconstitutional when resolving a similar case against Telefónica.

Since the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice’s judgment on this matter, the Divisions of the Courts of Appeal ruled that Decree No. 395/92 was unconstitutional. As a result, in the opinion of the legal counsel of the Company, there is an increased probability that the Company has to face certain contingencies, notwithstanding the right of reimbursement that attends Telecom Argentina against the National State.

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Such Court decision found the abovementioned Decree unconstitutional and ordered that the proceedings be remanded back to the court of origin so that such court could decide which defendant was compelled to pay –the licensee and/or the Argentine government- and the parameters that were to be taken into account in order to quantify the remedies requested (percent of profit sharing, statute of limitations criteria, distribution method between the program beneficiaries, etc). It should be mentioned that there is no uniformity of opinion in the Courts in relation to each of those concepts.

Later, in “Ramollino Silvana c/Telecom Argentina S.A.”, the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice, on June 9, 2015, ruled that the profit sharing bonds do not correspond to employees who joined Telecom Argentina after November 8, 1990 and that were not members of the PPP.

This judicial precedent is consistent with the criteria followed by the Company for estimating provisions for these demands, based on the advice of its legal counsel, which considered remote the chances of paying compensation to employees not included in the PPP.

Legal action’s statute of limitations criteria: Argentine Supreme Court of Justice ruling “Dominguez c/ Telefónica de Argentina S.A.”

In December 2013, the Argentine Supreme Court ruled on a similar case to the above referred legal actions, “Domínguez c/ Telefónica de Argentina S.A”, overturning a lower court ruling that had barred the claim (as having exceeded the applicable statute of limitations since ten years had passed since the issuance of Decree No. 395/92).

The Argentine Supreme Court of Justice ruling states that the Civil and Commercial Proceedings Court must hear the case again to consider statute of limitations arguments raised by the appellants that, in the opinion of the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice, were not considered by the lower court and are relevant to the resolution of the case.

After the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice’s ruling and until the date of these consolidated financial statements, two chambers of the Civil and Commercial Federal Proceedings Court have issued opinions interpreting the doctrine developed by the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice in its ruling, acknowledging that the statute of limitations must be applied periodically –as of the time of each balance sheet- but limited to five years; and Chamber III ruled, by a majority of votes, that the statute of limitations must not be applied periodically, but that instead, was exceeded ten years after the issuance of Decree No. 395/92.

Criteria for determining the relevant profit to calculate compensation: ruling of the Civil and Commercial Federal Proceedings Court in Plenary Session “Parota c/ Estado Nacional y Telefónica de Argentina S.A.”

On February 27, 2014, the Civil and Commercial Appeals Court issued its decision in plenary session in the case “Parota, César c/ Estado Nacional”, as a result of a complaint filed against Telefónica, ruling: “that the amount of profit sharing bonds the corresponding to former employees of Telefónica de Argentina S.A. should be calculated based on the taxable income of Telefónica de Argentina S.A. on which the income tax liability is to be assessed”.

The Court explained that in order to make such determination: “it is necessary to clarify that “taxable income” (pre-tax income) means the amount of income subject to the income tax that the company must pay, which generally means gross income, including all revenue obtained during the fiscal year (including contingent or extraordinary revenue), minus all ordinary and extraordinary expenses accrued during such fiscal year”.

Federación Argentina de las Telecomunicaciones and others against Telecom Argentina S.A. in relation to worker shareholding participation

In June 2013 Telecom Argentina was notified of a lawsuit filed by four unions claiming the issuance of a profit sharing bonds (hereinafter “the bonds”) for future periods and for periods for which the statute of limitations is not expired. To enforce this claim, the plaintiffs require that Decree No. 395/92 should be declared unconstitutional.

This collective lawsuit is for an undetermined amount. The plaintiffs presented the criteria that should be applied for the determination of the percentage of participation in the Company’s profit. The lawsuit requiring the issuance of a profit sharing bond represents an obligation with potential future economic impact for the Company.

The Company filed its answer to the claim, arguing that the labor courts lack of jurisdiction. In October 2013, the judge rejected the lack of jurisdiction plea, established a ten-year period as statute of limitation and deferred ruling on the defenses of res judicata, lis pendens and on the third party citation required after a hearing is held by the court. Telecom has appealed the judge’s ruling.

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In December 2013 this hearing took place and the intervening court differed the defense of statute of limitations filed by the Company to the moment of the final ruling, among other matters. It also ordered the plaintiff to establish that they have permission to bring the case on behalf Telecom Argentina’s employees included in the claim; meanwhile the trial proceeding will be suspended. The plaintiff appealed the decision and the judge deferred this issue to the time of sentencing.

In December 2017, the Court of First Instance dismissed the claim on the grounds that the claimant lacks of active legitimization because it is an individual claim, not a collective one. The claimant filed an appeal, which is pending before Chamber 7 of the Court of Appeals. In June 2019, the Court of Appeals revoked the decision rendered by the Court of First Instance and ordered that the file be submitted to the Court of First Instance for the initiation of discovery proceedings.

The Company, based on the advice of its legal counsel, believes that there are strong arguments to defend its rights in this claim based, among other things, in the expiration of the statute of limitations of the claim for the unconstitutionality of Decree No. 395/92, the lack of active legal standing for collective claim for bonds issuance -due to the existence of individual claims-, among other reasons regarding lack of active legal standing.

Former sales representatives of Personal and Nextel have brought legal actions for alleged improper termination of their contracts and have submitted claims for payment of different items such as commission differences, value of the customers’ portfolio and lost profit, among other matters. The Company´s Management believes, based on the advice of its legal counsel, that certain items included in the claims would not be sustained while other items, if sustained, would result in lower amounts than those claimed. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, some legal actions are in the discovery phase and with expert opinions in progress.

Telecom Argentina is subject to various penalty procedures, in most cases promoted by the Regulatory Authority, for delays in the reparation and installation of service to fix-line customers. Although generally a penalty considered on an individual basis does not have a material effect on Telecom Argentina’s equity, there is a significant disproportion between the amounts of the penalty imposed by the Regulatory Authority and the revenue that the affected customer has generated to Telecom Argentina.

On March 3, 2021, the “Sanctions Regime applicable to ICT Services” was approved through ENACOM Resolution No. 221/21. The mentioned Resolution, among others, provides: (i) the penalty reference unit as the PBU-SBT value effective as of the date of payment, (ii) a maximum penalty equivalent to 50,000 PBU-SBT and a minimum penalty equivalent to 50 PBU-SBT, (iii) the publication of the penalties imposed in media and/or institutional website; and (iv) the possibility of imposing daily penalties for every day of non-compliance. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company is analyzing the impact of this new regulation.

d) Task Solutions against/ Telecom Personal S.A. S/ Ordinario and Task Solutions against/Telecom Argentina S.A. S/ Ordinario

Task Solutions S.A., a company whose main activity was the contact center, promoted lawsuits against Telecom Argentina and Telecom Personal, claiming a total amount of $408,721,835 for damages and losses suffered during the contractual relationship between those companies, as well as the non-renewal of the relationship between them. Task Solutions S.A. maintains that its only contractual relationship was with the defendant companies and that the non-renewal of their relationship caused its cessation of payments. In August 2018, the Company answered the claims denying the compensation claimed and requesting the unconstitutionality of the punitive damages claimed.

On the other hand, the Company reproved the amounts already paid to third parties in relation to labor items. Likewise, a claim was made for the amounts that eventually will have to be paid for that same concept in the future. Such estimation may be modified in relation to the proof that is produced in the case.

The Company’s Management, with the advice of its legal counsel, believes that it has strong arguments for its defense.

In addition to the possible contingencies related to regulatory matters described in Note 2 d), a summary of the most significant claims and legal actions for which no provisions have been established is detailed below, although it cannot be ensured the final outcome of these lawsuits:

In October 2016 Personal modified the criteria used for the statement of some of its commercial plans (“Abono fijo”) for purposes of paying the radio-electric spectrum fees (derecho de uso de espectro radioeléctrico or “DER”), considering certain changes in such plans’ composition. This meant a reduction in the amount of fees paid by Personal.

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In March 2017, the ENACOM demanded Personal to rectify its statements related to October 2016, requiring that such plans’ statements continue to be prepared based on the previous criteria. A similar demand took place in September 2018, for subsequent periods. The Company’s Management considers that it has strong legal arguments to defend its position, which are actually confirmed by Resolution ENACOM No. 840/18 and, as a consequence presented, the corresponding administrative notes. In August 2017, Personal received the notice of charge for the differences in the amounts owed in connection with the payment made in October 2016. Notwithstanding the grounds disclosed in its response, in April 2019, ENACOM imposed a sanction on the Company due to the non-compliance alleged for that period. The Company filed the corresponding administrative response. However, the company cannot assure that its arguments will be accepted by the ENACOM.

The difference resulting since October 2016, from both sets of liquidation criteria is of approximately $717 plus interest as of December 31, 2019.

On February 27, 2018, Resolutions Nos. 840/18 and No. 1,196/18 were published in the Official Gazette. Through these Resolutions, the ENACOM updated the value of the Radio-electric Spectrum Fee per Unit and, in addition, it established a new regime for mobile communications services, which substantially increased the amounts to be paid in this regard.

Opportunely, Telecom submitted the rectifying affidavits corresponding to the months of March and April 2018 (due in April and May 2018), and paid (under protest) the respective amounts. It also started to comply with, as from September 2018, the filing and payment (under protest) of the corresponding affidavits.

Through Resolution ENACOM No. 4,266/19 issued on October 8, 2019, the basis for calculating the Radio-electric Spectrum Fees corresponding to the Mobile Communications Services (SRMC, STM, PCS and SCMA) was modified based on the Affidavits that expires after the date of issuance of the Resolution. Such modification represents a reduction in the applicable rate for payment of DER for these services.

In November 2011, Personal was notified of a lawsuit filed by the “Consumidores Financieros Asociación Civil para su Defensa” claiming that Personal made allegedly abusive charges to its customers by implementing per-minute billing and setting an expiration date for prepaid telecommunication cards.

The plaintiff claim Personal to: i) cease such practices and bill its customers only for the exact time of telecommunication services used; ii) reimburse the amounts collected in excess in the ten years preceding the date of the lawsuit; iii) credit its customers for unused minutes on expired prepaid cards in the ten years preceding the date of the lawsuit; iv) pay an interest equal to the lending rate charged by the Banco de la Nación Argentina; and v) pay punitive damages provided by Section 52 bis of Law No. 24,240.

Personal dismissed the claim with emphasis on the regulatory framework that explicitly endorses its practices, now challenged by the plaintiff in disregard of such regulations.

This claim is at a preliminary stage as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. However, the judge has ordered the accumulation of this claim with two other similar claims against Telefónica Móviles Argentina S.A. and AMX Argentina S.A. So, the three legal actions will continue within the Federal Civil and Commercial Court No. 9.

On the other hand, the Secretariat of Commerce canceled the registration of “Consumidores Financieros Asociación Civil para su defensa”, therefore, the Company is awaiting the resolution of the intervening court.

The plaintiffs are seeking damages for undetermined amounts. Although the Company believes there are strong defenses according to which the claim should not succeed, in the absence of jurisprudence on the matter, the Company’s Management (with the advice of its legal counsel) has classified the claim as possible until a judgment is rendered.

In June 2012 the consumer trade union “Proconsumer” filed a lawsuit against Personal claiming that the company did not provide the clients with enough information regarding the new prices for the services provided by Personal between May 2008 and May 2011. It demands the reimbursement to certain customers – Abono Fijo - of an amount of a period of two months since the alleged inconsistencies of the plaintiff.

The Company answered the complaint and made a proposal that was rejected by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, which ordered that the case continued in commercial courts.

The settlement agreement reached by the parties to put an end to the lawsuit was confirmed on October 8, 2020.

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In October 2015 Personal was notified of a claim initiated by consumer trade union “Cruzada Cívica para la defensa de los consumidores y usuarios de Servicios públicos”. The plaintiff invokes the collective representation of an undetermined number of Personal customers.

The plaintiff claims the way that content and trivia are contracted, in particular the improper billing of messages sent offering those services and their subscription. Additionally, it proposes the application of a punitive damages to Personal.

This claim is substantially similar to other claims made by the consumer association (Proconsumer) where collective representation of customers is also invoked. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, this claim with undetermined amounts is at preliminary stage since the demand notifications of everyone involved have not yet been finalized.

Personal has answered the claims through the presentation of legal and factual defenses, subpoenaing third parties involved in the provision of VAS. Likewise, with the advice of its legal counsel, Telecom believes to have strong arguments for its defense. However, given the absence of jurisprudential precedents, the final outcome of these claims cannot be assured.

In the framework of the general reorganization of the content business started out by Personal in 2016, and given the expiration of agreements with content providers, some of the latter have been notified that such agreements will not be renewed.

By virtue of that communication, some companies required and obtained preliminary injunctions against Personal, in order to avoid the decision of not renewing the agreements, and thus, forcing Personal to refrain from disconnecting or interrupting the contractual relationship. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there are no preliminary injunctions in force.

In February 2017, the ENACOM notified Personal the Resolution 2017-1122-APN-ENACOM # MCO (Resolution No. 1,122), which set out that Mobile Operators providers of audiotext and mass calling Value Added Services may receive, in every respect, a percentage that should not exceed 40% of the services invoiced on behalf and to the order those providers. In addition, the Resolution set forth a 30-day period to file under the ENACOM the interconnection contracts or the addenda to the existing ones, that ensure adjustments to the contracts already in force and with relation to the services rendered by the members of CAVAM.

In July 2019, ENACOM provided through Resolution No. 2019-2540-APN-ENACOM#JGM to terminate Resolution No. 1,122/17 of the Register of the National Communications Entity and Resolution No. 184-SC / 1997.

f. “Asociación por la Defensa de Usuarios y Consumidores against/Telecom Personal S.A.” claim

In 2008 the “Asociación por la Defensa de Usuarios y Consumidores” sued Personal, seeking damages for undetermined amounts, claiming the billing of calls to the automatic answering machine and the collection system called "send to end" in collective representation of an undetermined number of Personal customers. The claim is currently about to render judgment.

In 2015 the Company took knowledge of an adverse court ruling in a similar trial, promoted by the same consumer’s association against other mobile operator. Currently it is pending of judgment.

The Company's Management, with the advice of its legal counsel, believes that it has strong arguments for its defense. However, the outcome of this claim cannot be ensured.

The unions FOEESITRA, SITRATEL, SILUJANTEL, SOEESIT, FOETRA, SUTTACH and the Union of telephony workers and employees of Tucumán (Sindicato de Obreros y Empleados Telefónicos de Tucumán) filed 7 legal actions against Telecom Argentina claiming the union contributions and payments set forth in the respective Collective Bargaining Agreements (“CBA”) corresponding to the third party employees rendering services to the Company, for the not prescribed term of 5 years, plus the damages caused by the lack of payment of such items. The items claimed are the Special Fund and the Solidarity Contribution.

The unions mentioned sustain that Telecom is jointly liable for the payment of the above-mentioned contributions and payments, based on the provisions of sections 29 and 30 of the Labor Contract Law and the nonperformance of the CBA as to its obligation to inform the Union on the hiring of third parties. All claims were answered.

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In the action brought by FOEESITRA, the judge of first instance rejected the summons to third parties made by Telecom. An appeal has been filed against that decision.

In the action brought by FOETRA, the Court of Appeals revoked the decision rendered by the court of first instance that had declared the incompetence. The judge of first instance must render a decision on the exceptions filed by Telecom.

The Company's Management, with the advice of its legal counsel, believes that it has strong arguments for favorite results, but since the lack of jurisprudential precedent, the outcome of this claim cannot be ensured.

In November 2018 the Company was notified of a lawsuit initiated by the Asociación por la Defensa de Usuarios y Consumidores, requesting that the defendant 1) cease to prevent customers to rescind Internet and cable TV services at the time of request; 2) reimburse to each user the amounts collected for the period of 5 years and until Cablevisión fulfills the request mentioned in 1); and 3) pay punitive damages for each of the affected customers.

In December 2018, the Company filed a response. In its plea, it requested the extension of the period of the statutes of limitation (biennial term) and the declaration of the lack of standing to sue of the association. Likewise, the Company argued that the class to be represented had not been established and that it had not contravened the Antitrust Law and gave a detailed description of the termination procedure used by Cablevisión highlighting its compliance with Sections 10 ter and 10 quater of such law. It also challenged the application of the punitive damages claimed by the plaintiff and the Company also produced documentary evidence. It requested that the claim be rejected in its entirety, and that the legal costs be borne by the plaintiff.

The Company, with the advice of its legal counsel, considers that it has strong arguments for its defense. However, the outcome of this claim cannot be ensured.

On September 3, 2019, Telecom (as surviving company of Cablevisión) was notified of a lawsuit initiated by “Unión de Consumidores y Consumidores” and “Consumidores Libres Cooperativa Ltda. de Provisión de Servicios de Acción Comunitaria”, pending before the Commercial Court of First Instance No. 9, Secretariat No. 17, for undetermined amounts.

In the class action, the claimants requested the Company to credit to its subscribers the increases of September and October 2018, January 2019 and the increases that may be made for as long as the claim remains pending for Internet services, subscription broadcasting services, other technology information and communication services and other supplementary services (all of those services provided under the brands Cablevisión and Fibertel), plus interest until the date of the effective restitution. The claimants allege that the Company infringed certain provisions set forth under the TIC and Communication Services Customers Regulation and Law No. 24,240 related to the terms and the way in which subscribers shall be notified of changes in the prices of those services.

The Company, based on the advice of its legal counsel, considers that it has strong arguments for its defense. However, the final outcome of this claim cannot be assured.

j. Resolution No. 50/10 and subsequent ones of the Secretariat of Domestic Trade of the Nation (“SCI”)

SCI Resolution No. 50/10 approved certain rules to commercialize pay television services. These rules provide that cable television operators must apply a formula to calculate their monthly subscription prices. The price arising from the application of the formula was to be informed to the Office of Business Loyalty (Dirección de Lealtad Comercial), having cable television operators to adjust such amount semi-annually and informing the result of such adjustment to such Office. The Company filed an administrative appeal against Resolution No. 50/10 requesting the suspension of its effects and its nullification.

Additionally, according to the decision issued on August 1, 2011 in judicial cause “LA CAPITAL CABLE S.A. V. Ministerio de Economía-Secretaría de Comercio Interior de la Nación”, the Federal Court of Appeals of the City of Mar del Plata has ordered the SCI to suspend the application of Resolution No. 50/10 with respect to all cable television licensees represented by “ATVC. The preliminary injunction ordered by the Court of Mar del Plata was notified to the SCI and the Ministry of Economy on September 12, 2011 and became fully effective. The National Government filed an appeal against the decision issued by the Court of Mar del Plata. Such appeal was dismissed, for which the National Government filed a direct appeal to the Supreme Court, which was also dismissed.

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, between March 2011 and October 2014 successive resolutions were published in the Official Gazette based on Resolution 50/10 that regulated the prices that Cablevision should charge in monthly basis fees to users. These resolutions were challenged and suspended due to the aforementioned injunction. However, each Resolution had a valid period of three to six months, with the last one expiring in October 2014.

In September 2014, the Court issued a decision in judicial cause “Municipalidad de Berazategui V. Cablevisión” ordering the remission of the cases relating to these resolutions to the jurisdiction of the Court of Mar del Plata, that had issued the decision on the collective action in favor of ATVC.

Currently, all judicial causes related to this issue are processed in the Federal Justice of Mar del Plata.

In April 2019, La Capital Cable S.A. was notified of the resolution issued by the Federal Court No. 2 of Mar del Plata in which declared the unconstitutionality of certain sections of a law on which the SCI was based for the issuance of Resolution No. 50/10 and the successive resolutions. The declaration of unconstitutionality means that these resolutions are not applicable to La Capital Cable and the companies grouped by ATVC. However, the National Government filed an appeal against that resolution.

On December 26, 2019, the Federal Court of Mar del Plata rejected the grievances of the National Government and confirmed the decision rendered by the court of first instance which declared the unconstitutionality of the sections of the law based on which the SCI issued Resolution No. 50/10 and the subsequent resolutions. The National Government filed an extraordinary appeal, which was granted on March 1, 2021. The Company, with the assistance of its legal advisors, is analyzing the potential impacts related to this new appeal.

These consolidated financial statements should be read considering the circumstances described and the decisions made based on these consolidated financial statements should consider the potential impact that such circumstances may have on the Company and its subsidiaries.

In 2012, CNV issued Resolution No. 16,765 whereby it ordered the conduction of a preliminary investigation (sumario) against Cablevisión, its directors and members of the Supervisory Committee for an alleged failure to comply with its reporting duties. The CNV considers that this deprived investors of the possibility to become fully aware of the decision issued by the Supreme Court of Argentina in re “Recurso de Hecho deducido por el Estado Nacional Ministerio de Economía y Producción en la causa Multicanal S.A. y otro c/ CONADECO Dto. 527-05” (which as of this date has been resolved) and that a series of issues relating to the information required by the CNV regarding the Extraordinary Meeting of Class 1 and 2 Noteholders held on April 23, 2010 would not have been disclosed.

In April 2012, the Company filed a response requesting that its defenses be sustained and that all charges against it be dismissed. The discovery stage has been closed and the legal brief has been submitted. The case was remitted to the Legal Management.

The Company and its legal advisors believe that the Company has strong arguments in its favor. Nevertheless, the Company cannot assure that the outcome of the preliminary investigation proceeding will be favorable.

In August 2015, Cablevisión was served notice of Resolution No. 17,769 dated August 13, 2015 whereby the CNV the conduction of a preliminary investigation (sumario) against Cablevisión and its directors, members of the Supervisory Committee and the Head of Market Relations for an alleged delay in the submission of the required documentation relating to the registration of the authorities appointed in the General Meeting of Shareholders of Cablevisión held on April 30, 2000 and the update of the particulars of its registered office in the Autopista de Información Financiera.

In January 2016, the preliminary hearing was held pursuant to Section 138 of Law No. 26,831 and Section 8, Subsection b.1. of Section II, Chapter II, Title III of the Regulations (amended text of 2013).

The Company and its advisors believe that same has strong arguments in its favor on this matter, but no assurance can be given that the outcome of the preliminary investigation proceeding will be favorable.

m. Additional rate for the “Impuesto a la Renta Comercial, Industrial o de Servicios” (Tax on Commercial, Industrial or Services Revenues or “IRACIS”)

In April 2017, a subsidiary of the Company received a notice from the Under-Secretary of Taxes of the Republic of Paraguay, whereby that subsidiary was informed that it had failed to determine the additional IRACIS rate on the retained earnings of the companies merged in 2014.

The Company´s subsidiary considers that it has strong arguments to support its position, but no assurance can be given on the final outcome of this claim.

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Telecom faces other legal proceedings, fiscal and regulatory considered normal in the development of its activities. The Company Directors and its legal advisors estimate it will not generate an adverse impact on their financial position and the result of its operations, or its liquidity. In accordance with IAS 37 “Provisions”, not any provision has been constituted and/or disclosed additional information in these financial statements related to the resolution of these issues.

On July 20, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement with the Argentine Football Association (“AFA”), for the provision of services to a system called “Argentine Football System Administration” (“AFA Plus Project”) related to the secure access to first division football stadiums whereby Telecom Argentina should provide the infrastructure and systems to enable the AFA to manage the aforementioned project. The recovery of investments and expenses incurred by Telecom Argentina and its profit margin would come from charging AFA with a referring price stated in 20% of the popular ticket price per each football fan that attend the stadiums during the term of the agreement, so the recoverability of the Company’s assets related to the Project depended on AFA implementing the “AFA Plus Project”.

From 2012 and in compliance with its contractual obligations, the Company made investments and incurred in expenses amounting to $182, of which some are included in PP&E for the provision and installation of equipment and the execution of civil works for improving the football stadiums, registration centers equipment, inventories and material storage and attend other expenses directly associated with AFA Plus Project.

For several specific reasons of the Project, the football environment and the country context, the AFA Plus system was not implemented by the AFA, not even partially. Accordingly, Telecom Argentina has not been able to begin collecting the agreed price.

Finally, throughout the agreement, Telecom Argentina received no compensation from AFA for the services provided and the work performed. In September 2014, the AFA notified the Company of its decision to terminate the agreement with Telecom Argentina, modifying the AFA Plus Project, and also informed that it will assume the payment of the investments and expenditures incurred by the Company. Accordingly, negotiations between the parties have started.

In February 2015, AFA made a proposal to compensate the investments and expenditures incurred by the Company through advertising exchange exclusively related to the AFA Plus Project (or the one that replaces this Project in the future), in the amount of US$12.5 million. The proposal considered that if the advertising compensation was not realized in one year, AFA would pay to Telecom the agreed amount. The Company analyzed the quality of the assets offered by the AFA in its offer of advertising exchange, and rejected the offer as insufficient.

New negotiations were conducted in 2015 to improve the mentioned offer (requiring a combination of cash payments and advertising) but a satisfactory agreement was not reached and negotiations were suspended for AFA internal affairs.

In October 2015, the Company formally demanded that AFA pay the amounts due ($179.2 plus interest from its implementation). The AFA rejected the claim but agreed to resume negotiations for a closing agreement which then was suspended by the AFA electoral process.

In January 2016 both parties resumed conciliatory negotiations, while the Company reserved its right to exercise legal claims on the amounts due.

In June 2016 the Company initiated a compulsory pre-judicial mediation procedure. The first audience, held on July 12, 2016, was attended by both parties. A second audience was held on August 3, 2016 and a third and the last one was held on August 23, 2016, which resulted in no agreement between the parties.

In February 2018, the Company initiated a new mandatory prejudicial mediation procedure which was finished without agreement. On December 19, 2018, a claim was brought against AFA for 353,477,495 Argentine pesos.

The Company’s Management with the assistance of its external advisor believes that they have strong legal arguments for claiming and are evaluating the actions to be followed for recovering the investments and expenses made.

It is worth mentioning that, for the purpose to comply with accounting standards, the Company has recorded an allowance arising from the uncertainties related to the recoverable value of assets related to the AFA Plus Project and in no way involves giving up or limiting its rights as a genuine creditor for the AFA Plus Project agreement entered into with AFA.

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The Company has entered into various purchase commitments amounting in the aggregate to approximately $62,269 as of December 31, 2020 (of which $21,365 corresponds to PP&E commitments).

(*) Additional information is given in the consolidated statements of changes in equity.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the total capital stock of Telecom Argentina amounted to $2,153,688,011 Argentine pesos, represented by the same number of common book-entry shares with nominal value of $1 peso, as detailed below:

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, all the shares of Telecom Argentina are authorized by the CNV for public offering.

Class B Shares are listed and traded on the leading companies’ panel of the BYMA and the American Depositary Shares (ADS) representing 5 Class “B” shares of the Company are traded on the NYSE under the symbol TEO.

The Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ meeting of Telecom held on April 28, 2020 decided, among other issues, the following:

(a) To approve the Board of Directors’ proposal expressed in current currency of March 31, 2020 using the National Consumer Price Index (National CPI), as provided by CNV Resolution No. 777/18, consisting of the following absorption of the $6,633,713,897 Argentine pesos negative Retained earnings as of December 31, 2019 ($8,378 in current currency as of December 31, 2020): (i) $1,931,029,240 Argentine pesos ($2,439 in current currency as of December 31, 2020) from the “Voluntary Reserve for capital investments”; (ii) $4,702,684,657 Argentine pesos ($5,939 in current currency as of December 31, 2020) from the “Facultative Reserve to maintain the capital investments level and the current level of solvency”; and (iii) $10,887,950,778 Argentine pesos ($13,751 in current currency as of December 31, 2020) to be reclassified from the “Facultative Reserve to maintain the capital investments level and the current level of solvency” to “Contributed surplus”;

In 1992, a Decree from the Argentine government, which provided for the creation of the Company upon the privatization of ENTel, established that 10% of the capital stock then represented by 98,438,098 Class “C” shares was to be included in the PPP (an employee share ownership program sponsored by the Argentine government). Pursuant to the PPP, the Class “C” shares were held by a trustee for the benefit of former employees of the state-owned company who remained employed by the Company and who elected to participate in the plan. In 1999, Decree No. 1,623/99 of the Argentine government eliminated the restrictions on some of the Class “C” shares held by the PPP, although it excluded Class “C” shares of the Fund of Guarantee and Repurchase subject to an injunction against their use. In March 2000, the shareholders’ meeting of the Company approved the conversion of up to unrestricted 52,505,360 Class “C” shares into Class “B” shares (these shares didn’t belong to the Fund of Guarantee and Repurchase), most of which was sold in a secondary public offering in May 2000.

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As required by the executive committee of PPP, the Annual Shareholders Meetings held on April 27, 2006, approved that the power for the additional conversion of up to 41,339,464 Class “C” ordinary shares into the same amount of Class “B” ordinary shares, be delegated to the Board of Directors. That delegation does not include 4,593,274 Class “C” shares of the Fund of Guarantee and Repurchase, that were affected by an injunction measure recorded in file "Garcías de Vicchi, Amerinda y otros c/ Sindicación de Accionistas Clase C del Programa de Propiedad Participada s/nulidad de acto jurídico (“Garcias de Vicchi”)", with respect to which the Annual Shareholders Meetings considered that there were legal impediments to approve that delegation of faculties for their conversion to Class “B”. As of December 31, 2011, the 41,339,464 Class "C" shares had been converted to Class “B” in eleven tranches.

With the injunction measure issued in the case Garcías de Vicchi having been revoked, the Board of Directors of the Company convened the Ordinary and Extraordinary General Meeting and the Special Meeting of Class “C” shares, that were held on December 15, 2011, and approved the power for the additional conversion of up to 4,593,274 Class “C” shares into the same amount of Class “B” shares in one or more tranches, be delegated to the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2020, 4,486,540 Class “C” shares were converted into Class "B” shares in 13 tranches.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, 106,734 Class “C” shares are still pending to be converted into Class “B” shares.

On December 28, 2012 the new Capital Market Law (Law No. 26,831) was published in the Official Gazette. This Law eliminates self-regulation of the capital market; grants new powers to the CNV and supersedes Law No. 17,811 and Decree No. 677/01, among other rules. The Law became effective on January 28, 2013. Since that date, governs the universal scope of the Statutory Regime of Public Offer of Mandatory Acquisition.

On May 11, 2018, Productive Financing Law No. 27,440 was published in the Official Gazette. This law established several amendments to the Capital Markets Law No. 26,831 regarding the extent of the powers of the CNV; the exercise of preemptive rights on shares offered through public offering in the case of capital increases; private placements; public tender offers; the jurisdiction of the federal commercial courts of appeals to review the resolutions issued or sanctions imposed by the CNV, among other amendments.

With regard to public tender offers, under the previous regime, the offeror was obliged to formulate a “fair” price to be fixed by weighing the results of different company valuation methods, with a minimum floor related to the average market price for the six-month period immediately preceding the date of the agreement. Pursuant to the amendments introduced by Law No. 27,440 to the Capital Markets Law, the obligation is objective and consists in offering the higher of two existing prices: the price that the offeror would have paid or agreed during the 12 months immediately preceding the first day of the public tender offer period, and the average price of the securities subject to the offer during the semester immediately preceding the date of the announcement of the transaction under which the change of control is agreed upon.

On December 28, 2018, CNV General Resolution No. 779/18 was published in the Official Gazette, pursuant to which the regulatory framework applicable to the Public Tender Offers is regulated.

On May 22, 2013, the Board of Directors approved a Company’s Treasury Shares Acquisition Program in the market in Argentine pesos (the “Treasury Shares Acquisition Program”) so as to avoid any possible damages to the Company and its shareholders derived from fluctuations and unbalances between the shares’ price and the Company’s solvency.

According to the mentioned Program, the Company acquired, between May 28, 2013 and November 5, 2013, 15,221, 373 treasury shares.

Pursuant to Section 67 of Law No. 26,831, the Company should sell its treasury shares within three years of the date of acquisition, although the Company´s Shareholders’ Meetings provides an extension. Pursuant to Section 221 of the LGS, the rights of treasury shares shall be suspended until such shares are sold, and shall not be taken into account to determine the quorum or the majority of votes at the Shareholders’ Meetings. No restrictions applied to Retained Earnings as a result of the creation of a specific reserve for such purposes named “Voluntary Reserve for Capital Investments”.

The Company’s Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 29, 2016 approved a three-year extension to the term established in Section 67 of Law No. 26,831 for the disposal of the treasury shares.

Pursuant to Section 67 of the Capital Markets Law No. 26,831, between May 28, 2019 and November 5, 2019, Telecom Argentina reduced its capital stock in three tranches by the operation of law for a total nominal value of $15,221,373, through the total cancellation of 15,221,373 Class “B” ordinary shares with nominal value of $1 Argentine peso each and entitled to 1 vote per share, held as treasury shares.

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As a consequence of the capital reductions mentioned in the previous paragraphs, the Company recognized in 2019 a decrease in its treasury shares of $15, a decrease in the Inflation Adjustment of $1,034 and a decrease in the Treasury Shares Acquisition Cost of $3,759, with an offsetting entry in Retained earnings of $2,440.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company does not hold treasury shares.

On July 22, 2016, Law No. 27,260 of “Historic Reparation for Retired Persons and Pensioners”, abolishing Law No. 27,181 on "Declaration of public interest of the protection of the social participations of the National State that make up the investment portfolio of the “Sustainability Guarantee Fund of the Argentine Pension Integrated System" in its Section 35, was published in the Official Gazette. In addition, Section 30 of Law No. 27,260 provides that the transfer of shares of public corporations authorized by the CNV that are part of the FGS is banned without a previous and express authorization of the Federal Congress if, as a result of such transfer, the FGS’s holding of the above referred securities becomes less than 7% of the aggregate assets of the FGS. The following exceptions apply: “1. Tender offers addressed to all holders of such assets at a fair price authorized by the CNV, pursuant to the terms of Chapters II, III and IV of Title III of Law No. 26,831. 2. Swaps of shares for other shares of the same or another corporation as a result of a merger, split or other corporate reorganization.”

On July 28, 2016, Decree No. 894/16 was published in the Official Gazette, providing that in those corporations which shares are part of the Sustainability Guarantee Fund of the Argentine Pension Integrated System’ portfolio, the corporate, political and economic rights corresponding to such shares shall not be exercised by the Secretary of Economic Politics and Development Planning, but shall instead be exercised by the Federal Management of Social Security (“ANSES”).

The following tables set out, for financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the supplementary disclosures on financial instruments required by IFRS 7 and the detail of gains and losses established by IFRS 9.

(1) Only includes financial assets and liabilities according to the scope of IFRS 7.

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(2) Only includes financial assets and liabilities according to the scope of IFRS 7.

IFRS 7 establishes a hierarchy of fair value, based on the information used to measure the financial assets and liabilities and also establishes different valuation techniques. According to IFRS 7, valuation techniques used to measure fair value shall maximize the use of observable inputs.

The measurement at fair value of the financial instruments of Telecom are classified according to the three levels set out in IFRS 7:

- Level 1: Fair value determined by quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: Fair value determined based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (e.g. as prices) or indirectly (e.g. derived from prices).

- Level 3: Fair value determined by unobservable inputs where the reporting entity is required to develop its own assumptions.

Financial assets and liabilities recognized at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, their inputs, valuation techniques and the level of hierarchy are listed below:

Mutual Funds: These investments are included in Cash and cash equivalents and Investments. Telecom and its subsidiaries have other short-term investments amounting to $8,797 and $31,531 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The fair value is based on information obtained from active markets and corresponds to quoted market prices as of year-end; therefore, its valuation is classified as Level 1.

Government bonds: These bonds are included in “Investments” in the consolidated statement of financial position. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019 Telecom and its subsidiaries have Government bonds in an amount of $6,593 and $404, respectively. The fair value was determined using information from active markets, valuing each bond to its closing year market value, so, its valuation qualifies as Level 1.

Derivative financial instruments (Forward contracts to purchase US dollars at fixed exchange rates and interest rates swap): The fair value of Telecom’s and its subsidiaries NDF contracts, disclosed in the chapter “Hedge Accounting” was determined by information obtained in the most representative financial institutions in Argentina. According to this, the derivative financial instruments’ valuation was classified as Level 2.

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During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no transfers between Levels of the fair value hierarchy.

According to IFRS 7, it is also required to disclose fair value information about financial instruments even if they are not recognized at fair value in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The financial instruments which are discussed in this section include, among others, cash and cash equivalents, investments at amortized cost, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other instruments.

Derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in an immediate sale of the instrument. Also, because of differences in methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair value, the Company’s fair values should not be compared to those of other companies.

The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of each class of financial instrument falling under the scope of IFRS 7 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Time deposits and Other investments at amortized cost (included in Cash and cash equivalents)

Telecom and its subsidiaries consider as cash and cash equivalents all short-term and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and their original maturity or the remaining maturity at the date of purchase does not exceed 3 months. The carrying amount reported in the statement of financial position approximates fair value.

As of December 31, 2020, fair value of such investments amounts to $176 and its carrying value amounts to $171. As of December 31, 2019, fair value of such investments amounted to $1,443 and its carrying value amounted to $1,452.

Carrying amounts are considered to approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these trade receivables. Noncurrent trade receivables have been recognized at their amortization cost, using the effective interest method and are not significant. All amounts that are assumed to be uncollectible within a reasonable period are written off and/or reserved.

The carrying amount of accounts payable and leases liabilities reported in the consolidated statement of financial position approximates its fair value due to the short term nature of these accounts payable. Noncurrent trade payables and leases liabilities have been discounted.

The carrying amount of Salaries and social security payables, reported in the consolidated statement of financial position approximates its fair value.

The carrying amount of other receivables, net and other liabilities reported in the consolidated statement of financial position approximates its fair value.

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Telecom and its subsidiaries believe that a hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if all of the following conditions established by the IFRS 9 are met:

a) The hedging relationship consists only of eligible hedging instruments and hedged items;

b) At the beginning of the hedge relationship, there is a formal designation and documentation of the hedging relationship and objective and strategy for risk management of the Company and its subsidiaries for undertaking the hedge. That documentation shall include identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the entity assesses whether the hedging relationship meets the requirements of hedge effectiveness (including analysis of sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how to determine the hedge ratio); and

c) The hedging relationship satisfies the following requirements of hedge effectiveness:

(i) The economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument;
(ii) The effect of credit risk is not predominant in respect of changes of value coming from this economic relationship, and

(iii) The coverage ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as the one provided by the amount of the hedged item that really covers the entity and the amount of the hedging instrument that the entity actually uses to cover that amount of the hedged item.

During year ended December 31, 2017, Telecom Argentina entered into several NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of LIBOR from the IFC loan amounting to US$400 million and from the IIC loan amounting to US$100 million. The mentioned agreements hedge a total amount of US$440 million. Such NDF allow fixing the variable rate in a range between 2.085% and 2.4525% nominal annual rate.

As of December 31, 2018, Telecom recognized gains of $13 related to those contracts, that are included in Debt financial expenses – Interests on financial debt.

As of December 31, 2019, Telecom recognized a liability of $189, which is included in other Financial Debt ($170 current and $19 non-current). Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2019, Telecom recognizes gains of $82 related to those contracts, that are included in Debt financial expenses – Interests on financial debt.

As of December 31, 2020, Telecom recognized a liability of $461, which is included in other Financial Debt ($450 current and $11 non-current). Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, Telecom recognizes a loss of $293 related to those contracts, that are included in Debt financial expenses – Interests on financial debt.

During year ended December 31, 2018, Telecom Argentina entered into several NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of the exchange rate of certain commercial obligations. As of December 31, 2018, Telecom recognized a loss of $319, that are included in Other financial results, net - Other exchange differences.

Also, during year ended December 31, 2018, Telecom recognized gains for $2,338 related to NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of the exchange rate from its loan portfolio, that are included in Debt financial expenses – Interests on financial debt.

During year ended December 31, 2019, Telecom Argentina entered into several NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of the exchange rate from its loan portfolio amounting to US$499 million fixing the average exchange rate in 52.50 Argentine pesos/US$, expiring between March 2019 and April 2020. During 2019, Telecom recognized gains related to these agreements of $972 that are included in Debt financial expenses – Foreign currency exchange losses on financial debts. As of December 31, 2019, Telecom maintained NDF agreements for a total of US$46.5 million for those that has recognized a receivable of $222, which is included in current Other receivables and a liability of $321 which is included in current Financial Debt.

During year ended December 31, 2020, Telecom Argentina entered into several NDF agreements to hedge the fluctuation of the exchange rate from its loan portfolio amounting to US$477 million fixing the average exchange rate in 87.54 Argentine pesos/US$, expiring between February 2020 and February 2021. During 2020, Telecom recognized a loss related to these agreements of $1,523 that are included Debt financial expenses – Foreign currency exchange losses on financial debts. As of December 31, 2020, Telecom maintained NDF agreements for a total of US$117 million for those that has recognized a receivable of $2, which is included in current Other receivables and a liability of $66 which is included in current Financial Debt.

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Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities in scope of IFRS 7

The information required by the amendment to IFRS 7 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

Telecom and its subsidiaries offset the financial assets and liabilities to the extent that such offsetting is provided by offsetting agreements and provided that Telecom has the intention to make such offsetting, in accordance with requirements established in IAS 32. The main financial assets and liabilities offset correspond to transactions with other national and foreign operators including interconnection, carriers and Roaming (being offsetting a standard practice in the telecommunications industry at the international level that Telecom and its subsidiaries applies regularly). Offsetting is also applied to transactions with agents.

Operating expenses disclosed by nature of expense amounted to $281,302, $301,183 and $307,427 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The main components of the operating expenses are the following:

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Future minimum lease payments of non-cancellable operating lease agreements of Telecom and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 in current currency on the transaction date are as follows:

Further information is provided in Note 3.j) to these consolidated financial statements.

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(*) Includes ($293), $82 and $13 corresponding to net (loss) gains generated by NDF in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(**) Includes ($1,523), $972 and $2,338 corresponding to net (loss) gains generated by NDF in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(***) Includes $666 corresponding to the result related to the decrease in financial assets at amortized cost in the year ended December 31, 2020.

(****) Includes ($737) and ($693) corresponding to net losses generated by leases liabilities in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Telecom and its subsidiaries are exposed to the following financial risks in the ordinary course of its business operations:

· Market risk: stemming from change in exchange rates and interest rates in connection with financial assets that have been originated and financial liabilities that have been assumed;

· Credit risk: representing the risk of the non-fulfillment of the obligations undertaken by the counterpart regarding the operations of Telecom;

· Liquidity risk: connected with the need to meet short-term financial commitments.

· The activity of the Board of Directors and Management which monitors the level of exposure to mentioned risks consistently with prefixed general objectives;

· The identification of the most suitable financial instruments, including derivatives, to reach prefixed objectives;

The policies to manage and the sensitivity analyses of the above financial risks by Telecom are described below.

One of the main Telecom’s market risks is its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates in the markets in which it operates.

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the future fair values or cash flows of a financial instrument may fluctuate due to exchange rate changes.

Telecom has great part of its commercial debt nominated in US$ and other currencies. Additionally, holds part of its financial debt is denominated in US$.

The financial risk management policies of Telecom are directed towards diversifying market risks by the acquisition of goods and services in the functional currency and minimizing interest rate exposure by an appropriate diversification of the portfolio. This may also be achieved by using carefully selected derivative financial instruments to mitigate long-term positions in foreign currency and/or adjustable by variable interest rates. For more information, see Note 22 to these consolidated financial statements.

Additionally, Telecom and its subsidiaries have cash and cash equivalents and investments mostly denominated in foreign currency that are also sensitive to changes in peso/dollar exchange rates and contribute to reduce the exposure to trade payables in foreign currency.

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Financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, are the following:

In order to reduce this net position in foreign currency Telecom has NDF as of December 31, 2020 amounting to US$117 million, therefore, the net liability not hedged amounts to US$2,088 million as of that date.

Based on the composition of the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2020, which is a not hedged net liability position in foreign currency of US$2,088 million, Management estimates that a variation in the U.S. dollar exchange rate of approximately 10%, plus or minus, would result in a variation of approximately $17,571 of the consolidated amounts of foreign currency position.

This analysis is based on the assumption that this variation of the Argentine peso occurred at the same time against all other currencies.

Within its structure of financial debt, Telecom and its subsidiaries have bank overdrafts denominated in Argentine pesos accruing interest at rates that are reset at maturity, notes at fixed rates and bank loans and with other financial entities denominated in Argentine pesos, U.S. dollar and Guaraníes that bear interest at fixed and variable rates. For further information, see Note 13 to these consolidated financial statemnets.

The Company has financial debts at variable rate, which amounts approximately to $100,366 as of December 31, 2020. In order to reduce the effect of changes in interest rates, Telecom has NDF that amounts to $18,513 as of December 31, 2020, that convert variable rates into fixed rates. Therefore, the net financial debt not hedged amounts to $81,853 as of December 31, 2020. Management believes that any variation of 100 bps in the agreed interest rates would become in a following result of $819.

This analysis is based on the assumption that this change in interest rates occurs at the same time and for the same periods.

Credit risk represents Telecom’s exposure to possible losses arising from the failure of commercial or financial counterparts to fulfill their assumed obligations. Such risk stems principally from economic and financial factors that could affect to our debtors.

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables and committed transactions.

Telecom’s maximum theoretical exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of the financial assets and trade receivables, net recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The accruals to the allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded: (i) for an exact amount on credit positions that present an element of individual risk (bankruptcy, customers under legal proceedings with the Company); and (ii) on credit positions that do not present such characteristics, by customer segment considering the aging of the accounts receivable balances, expected credit losses, customer creditworthiness and changes in the customer payment terms. Total overdue balances not covered by the allowance for doubtful accounts amount to $9,657 as of December 31, 2020 ($11,272 as of December 31, 2019).

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Regarding the credit risk relating to the asset included in the “Net financial debt or asset”, it should be noted that Telecom evaluates the outstanding credit of the counterparty and the levels of investment, based, among others, on their credit rating and the equity size of the counterparty. In order to minimize credit risk, Telecom also pursues a diversification policy for its investments of liquidity with leading high-credit-quality banking and financial institutions and generally for short-term periods. Consequently, there are no significant positions with any one single counterpart.

Telecom serves a wide range of customers, including residential customers, businesses and governmental agencies. As such, Telecom’s account receivables are not subject to significant concentration of credit risk.

Liquidity risk represents the risk that Telecom and its subsidiaries have no funds to accomplish its obligations of any nature (labor, commercial, fiscal and financial, among others).

Telecom and its subsidiaries’ working capital breakdown and their main variations are disclosed below:

Telecom and its subsidiaries have a typical working capital structure corresponding to a company with intensive capital that obtains spontaneous financing from its suppliers (especially PP&E) for longer terms than those it provides to its customers. According to this, the negative operating working capital amounted to $52,787 as of December 31, 2020 (increasing $4,860 vs. December 31, 2019).

During years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Telecom continued obtaining funds from the financial market used to pay its investments, operative working capital, and other corporative expenses and refinancing part of its financial debts in the framework of its permanent policy of optimizing the term, rate and structure of its financial debts.

Telecom has an excellent credit rating and has several financing sources and several offers from first-class international institutions to diversify its current funding structure, which includes accessing to domestic and international capital market and obtaining competitive bank loans in what relates to terms and financial costs. For further information on bank loans agreements, bank loans payments and bank loans restructured, see Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s management evaluates the national and international macroeconomic context to take advantage of market opportunities that allows it preserving its financial health for the benefit of its investors.

Telecom manages its cash and cash equivalents and its financial assets trying to match the term of investments with those of its obligations. Cash and cash equivalents position is invested in highly liquid short-term instruments.

Telecom maintains a liquidity policy that includes cash through its normal course of business. Telecom and its subsidiaries have consolidated cash and cash equivalents amounting to $18,527 (equivalent to US$220 million) as of December 31, 2020 (as of December 31, 2019 amounted to US$429 million). Telecom has bank credits and a program of Notes (See Note 13) that allow to finance its short-term obligations and an investment plan in addition to the operative cash flow for the next years.

The table below contains a breakdown of financial liabilities into relevant maturity groups based on the remaining period at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

F-82

The primary objective of Telecom’s capital management is to ensure that it maintains a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximize shareholder value.

Telecom manages its capital structure and makes adjustments considering the business evolution and changes in the macroeconomic conditions.

To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders and the level of indebtedness.

The company does not have to comply with regulatory capital adequacy requirements.

NOTE 27 - BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH COMPANIES UNDER SECTION 33 - LAW No. 19,550 AND RELATED PARTIES

On January 1, 2018, Cablevisión was merged with and into Telecom Argentina (surviving entity), which was approved by the CNV (and registered in the IGJ under No. 16,345, Book 91, Tome “Corporations”). Since such date, CVH is the controlling company of Telecom, holding directly and indirectly 28.16% of the total capital stock of the Company as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, and as mentioned below, both VLG S.A.U. and Fintech Telecom, LLC, contributed to the Voting Trust (see below), shares representing 10.92% of the total capital of the Company so the shares subject to such agreement represent 21.84% of the total capital of the Company (the “Shares in Trust”).

As informed in the Voting Trust Agreement, the trustee appointed by CVH must vote the Shares in Trust as instructed or voted by CVH with respect to all issues except in respect of certain matters subject to veto under the Shareholders´ Agreement.

On July 7, 2017 CVH, VLG, Fintech Media LLC (merged to date with Fintech Telecom LLC), Fintech Advisory Inc., GC Dominio S.A. (all of them direct or indirect shareholders of Cablevisión S.A.) and Fintech Telecom LLC (direct or indirect shareholder of Telecom Argentina) entered into a shareholders’ agreement that governs the exercise of their rights as shareholders of the Company. The Shareholders´ Agreement establishes basically:

Voting trust pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement between Fintech and CVH

In accordance with the Shareholders´ Agreement, on April 15, 2019, a Voting Trust Agreement (the "Trust Agreement") was regularized, under which Fintech Telecom LLC and VLG S.A.U. (i) each contributed with 235,177,350 shares of Telecom in a voting trust (the "Voting Trust") which, when added to the shares that CVH holds (directly and indirectly) in Telecom, exceed fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares, and (ii) CVH and Fintech Telecom LLC each appointed a co-trustee. The shares contributed to the Voting Trust will be voted by the co-trustee of CVH in accordance with the vote of CVH or following the instructions of CVH, except in respect of certain matters subject to veto under the Shareholders´ Agreement, in which case will be voted by the co-trustee of Fintech Telecom LLC in accordance with the vote of Fintech Telecom LLC or following the instructions of Fintech Telecom LLC.

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On June 21, 2018, CVH informed the Company that it was promoting and formulating a mandatory public tender offer due to a change of control (“PTO”) for all Class B Shares issued by Telecom Argentina listed on BYMA (including outstanding Class C Shares of Telecom Argentina that might be converted into Class B Shares before the expiration deadline) (the “PTO Shares”) at a price of $110.85 Argentine pesos per PTO Share (previously deducting the items detailed in the OPA announcement).

Pursuant to public releases published by CVH, as part of the administrative process to authorize the PTO, the CNV expressed its disagreement with the price announced by CVH, and took the position that the price per PTO Share should be US$4.8658 payable in Argentine pesos at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the business day immediate prior to the settlement of the PTO. CVH considered the CNV’s position unfounded and initiated the legal proceeding “Cablevisión Holding S.A. c/ Comisión Nacional de Valores s/ Medidas Cautelares” (File. No. 7998/18) in the Federal Civil and Commercial Court No. 3. On November 1, 2018, the Federal Civil and Commercial Court No. 3 confirmed a preliminary injunction obtained by CVH and ordered the CNV to abstain for six months from issuing any decision with respect to the authorization of the PTO promoted by CVH on June 21, 2018.

On June 10, 2019 CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of a preliminary injunction rendered on May 9, 2019 in the case “Burgueño Daniel v. Executive Branch - CNV on (Autonomous) Preliminary Injunction” (File No. 89537/18) pending before the Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters No. 1, Secretariat No. 1, suspending the process relating to the PTO, until the CNV resolves on the applicability of Resolution No. 779/18 or the expiration of the term contemplated in section 5 of Law No. 26,854 governing injunctions. This preliminary injunction was extended by several succeeding court decisions, being the last one the court decision rendered on May 15, 2020, which extended the mentioned preliminary injunction for six months.

On the other hand, on July 19, 2019, CVH was served with notice of a resolution rendered on the same date by the Chamber I of the Federal Civil and Commercial Court of Appeals in re “Cablevisión Holding S.A. v. Argentine Securities Commission on Injunctions” (File No. 7998/18), lifting the preliminary injunction granted to CVH whereby the CNV was ordered to abstain from issuing any decision with respect to the authorization of the PTO. The resolution also provided that an appeal by CVH to CNV’s decision with respect to the PTO would have a suspensive effect. CVH filed a federal extraordinary proceeding against the Federal Civil and Commercial Court of Appeal’s decision, which was dismissed on December 26, 2019. However, as explained above, the PTO remained at the time subject to the preliminary injunction obtained by a shareholder of CVH – Daniel Burgueño – in the separate legal proceedings mentioned in the previous paragraphs.

On December 27, 2019, CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of the first instance court’s decision in re “Burgueño, Daniel Fernando v. EN-CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File No. 33763/19) ruling in favor of the complaint brought by Mr. Burgueño, confirming that CVH’s does not have the obligation to conduct the PTO according to Resolution CNV No. 779/18, specifically Section 32, paragraph k), and ordering the CNV to deem the proceedings initiated in connection with the PTO concluded, and also ordered CVH to cease with the PTO.

On September 8, 2020 CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of a decision rendered by the Chamber V of the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters in re “Burgueño Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19), rejecting the appeal filed by the CNV of the decision rendered by the court of first instance mentioned in the prior paragraph.

F-84

Finally, on October 29, 2020, CVH informed Telecom that on such date CVH was served with notice of the judgment of Chamber V of the Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters issued in re “Burgueño Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19) dismissing the extraordinary appeal filed by the CNV against the first instance judgment rendered on September 8, 2020 mentioned in the prior paragraph.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the decision rendered by Chamber V of Federal Court of Appeals on Administrative Litigation Matters issued on September 8, 2020 in re “Burgueño Daniel Fernando v. EN - CNV s/ Proceso de Conocimiento” (File. No. 33763/19) is not final, since the CNV can still initiate further appeal directly before the Supreme Court of Justice.

For the purposes of these consolidated financial statements, related parties are those individuals or legal entities which are related to Telecom in terms of IAS 24.

F-85

The transactions discussed above were made on terms no less favorable to Telecom than would have been obtained from unaffiliated third parties. When Telecom’s transactions represented more than 1% of its total shareholders’ equity, they were approved according to Law No. 26,831, the Bylaws and the Executive Committees’ Faculties and Performance Regulation.

Compensation for Directors and Key Managers includes fixed and variable compensation, retention plans, social security contribution, and, in some cases, accrued severance compensation. Compensation for Directors and Key Managers of Telecom Argentina for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $1,454, $800 and $324, respectively (in current currency of the transaction date), and were recorded as expenses under the line item “Employee benefits expenses and severance payments”. As of December 31, 2020, an amount of $1,132 remained unpaid.

Telecom Argentina has recorded a provision of $86, $110 and $83 for the fees of its Board of Directors’ members for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively (in current currency of the transaction date).

The members and alternate members of the Board of Directors do not hold executive positions in the Company or Company’s subsidiaries.

The Extraordinary General Meeting and the Special Meetings of the Class “A” and Class “D” Shares held on October 10, 2019 approved the amendment of sections 4, 5 and 6 of the Bylaws, so that the shares Class "A" and Class "D", currently book-entry, may be represented in a cardboard or in book-entry form, as determined by a special meeting of Class "A" or Class "D" shares. The delegation of powers to the Board of Directors was approved to determine the time, terms and condition of issuance of the securities representing the cardboard shares, in the event that this was resolved in the future by the respective Special Meetings of Class “A” and Class "D" shares.

Afterwards, General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting and Class “A” and Class “D” Shares Special Shareholders’ Meetings held on December 11, 2020 approved the amendment of section 10 of the Company´s Bylaws so as to establish a minimum prior notice for any call to Board Meetings of 5 calendar days, except in the event of urgency, in which case the Meeting may be called with a prior notice of 1 day, and to establish new notification procedures to calls for such Meetings.

As of the date of this consolidated financial statements, the registration of both amendments in the IGJ is still pending.

Under the LGS, the by-laws of the Company and rules and regulations of the CNV, a minimum of 5% of net income for the year in accordance with the statutory books, plus/less previous years’ adjustments and accumulated losses, if any, must be appropriated by resolution of the shareholders to a legal reserve until such reserve reaches 20% of the outstanding capital (common stock plus inflation adjustment of common stock).

By the end of December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received a report of pneumonia cases originated in Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China. The report was related to the outbreak of a new virus called Coronavirus (“Covid-19”), which soon spread to several provinces of China and then to other countries. The outbreak and spread of Covid-19 generated several consequences on businesses and economic activities at a global level.

Given the extent of the Covid-19 spread, several governments in the world have implemented drastic measures to restrict the movement of the population and to content the spread, including, among other things, controls at airports and other transport hubs, suspension of visas, border closure and the ban to travel to and from certain parts of the world, closure of public and private institutions, suspension of sports events, restrictions on museums and tourist attractions, extension of vacations, and finally, the mandatory isolation of the population together with the suspension of non-essential commercial activities with a high degree of compliance. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared Covid-19 a global pandemic.

In Argentina, the National Government set-forth several measures intended to reduce the movement of the population and imposed the Mandatory and Preventive Social Isolation from March 20, 2020, which only allowed the movement of individuals involved in the provision/production of essential services and products, among them, the provision of telecommunication, fixed and mobile Internet and digital services. Such isolation has been modified and extended through different stages and geographical regions and will be extended as deemed necessary according to the epidemiological situation of each city.

F-86

On November 9, 2020, the National Government ordered the Mandatory and Preventive Social Distancing for all persons who reside or transit in urban centers and in districts and departments of the Argentine provinces that do not have a sustained community transmission of the virus and they positively verify certain epidemiological and sanitary parameters. The locations where these parameters were not met continued with the Mandatory and Preventive Social Isolation. During the effectiveness of the Mandatory and Preventive Social Distancing, several services and activities are still declared “essential” as they had been defined during the effectiveness of the Mandatory and Preventive Social Isolation. The services provided by Telecom fall within this category.

On the other hand, Argentina is one of the countries selected by the WHO that are participating in the “Solidarity Trials” in order to generate rigorous data throughout the world to find the most effective treatments for hospitalized COVID-19 patients and evaluate the efficacy of vaccines. Argentina has also been selected as part of the countries where clinical trials are being conducted for, at least, three of the COVID-19 vaccines, and the Government has announced that another vaccine will be produced in the national territory.

Telecom provides services that are critical for society as it connects people, homes, companies and governments. The infrastructure deployed contributes to providing, through the capacity of fixed and mobile networks, essential services for the coordination of the security forces and the health ecosystem where communications at healthcare centers and new field hospitals have been strengthened and enhanced. Additionally, we have facilitated the communication between students and teachers through virtual educational platforms, so that they have pedagogical continuity through different applications, boosting the access to information for all the population. In the same way, services offered by Telecom allow people to continue being informed and entertained, with content, such as series, movies and recitals, and gaming availability provided through different platforms, which strengthened our customers’ accompaniment.

In economic terms, the services rendered by the Company favor the continuity of the activities of large, medium-and-small sized companies that are still operating, many of them remotely, boosted by online platforms so that sellers and consumers can connect and sustain consumption; cooperate with the productive processes through the implementation of home office as one of the most disruptive tools given its massive and immediate application, contributing to sustaining the economy of the country. Also, services provided by the Company, in this context of isolation, enable people to stay connected with their loved ones, entertain themselves, work and stay informed from their homes.

Due to the investments in infrastructure made over the last years, Telecom has equipment and systems that enable its networks to work efficiently even with the higher use of the fixed and mobile connectivity recorded since the beginning of the Mandatory and Preventive Social Isolation, that is reflected in the 50% increase of Internet services at home, the 70% increase in voice mobile services and 30% increase in mobile data services, considering that mobile and fixed networks complement each other and that customers uses them alternatively, also showing a 75% increase in upstream.

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven joint actions by domestic companies that gave essential support to face the health emergency, reflected in the donation of funds, services, supplies and products and other kind of assistance.

Telecom received a recognition of the NYSE for the social value initiatives implemented as part of its permanent commitment to its community in response to the COVID-19 emergency. The most relevant initiatives were the following:

F-87

The Company implemented a series of initiatives to ensure the continuity of its operations, safeguarding the health and the wellness of all the employees and of those that are part of the value chain. The main initiatives adopted by the Company comprise:

F-88

On March 24, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 311/20, whereby it provided, for the individuals included in section 3, the temporary suspension of the right to disconnect services deemed essential for the development of daily life, such as electricity, water and gas supply, fixed or mobile telephony, Internet and radio electric link or satellite link subscription television, among others, in order to guarantee the access to those essentials services in case of arrears or failure to pay up to three consecutive or alternate invoices maturing since March 1, 2020. On June 18, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 543/20 which provided the extension of such temporary suspension in case of arrears or failure to pay up to six consecutive or alternate invoices maturing since March 1, 2020. On September 20, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 756/20, which provided the extension of such temporary suspension in case of arrears or failure to pay up to seven consecutive or alternate invoices.

The Decree No. 311/20 also established that, in the case of fixed or mobile telephony, Internet and cable television services, by radio-electric link or satellite link, operators were forced to maintain a reduced service, as established in the regulations, for a period of one hundred eighty (180) calendar days, which was extended with each extension of Decree No. 311/20. Likewise, it established that, if users who had a prepaid mobile service or Internet service did not pay the corresponding recharge to access consumption, operators should provide a reduced service in the terms provided by the regulations. This obligation would apply until April 30, 2020. This obligation was successively extended though different decrees, setting its final expiration date on December 31, 2020, throughout the Decree No. 756/20.

In May 2020, the Company, together with other companies of the telecommunication industry, entered into an agreement with ENACOM, which was effective until August 31, 2020. This agreement, among other issues, provided: (i) for the suspension of increases in prices of mobile and fixed telephony, Internet and cable television services from May 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020, to ease the situation of users affected by the quarantine, (ii) the creation of inclusive plans for mobile and fixed telephony and mobile and fixed Internet for users who request such benefit, establishing a fixed price until September 30, 2020, (iii) for the extension of the benefit of “reduced service” ensuring connectivity for users of the prepaid mobile service or Internet service, maintaining the price until October 31, 2020, (iv) that during the term of this agreement employers would not dismiss employees without cause, and (v) that, in the case of salary increases as a result of trade union agreements, this agreement will be renegotiated and the effects of such agreement would be immediately suspended.

Although the mentioned agreement, on August 22, 2020, the PEN issued Decree No. 690/2020, amending the LAD. For more information on Decree No. 690/2020, see Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements.

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has not experienced any significant impacts on its results as a consequence of the pandemic. Despite the several difficulties that caused a slowdown or complexities in our operations; such as the increased Internet data traffic, the increase in mobile voice service, the decrease in the collection of service fees, and mainly the inconveniences to make repairs and installations inside our customers’ homes; among others, the operations are still in place and are expected to continue in spite of the difficulties.

In accordance with IAS 36, the Company’s Management has assessed during 2020 if there were indicators of impairment of the recoverable value of its fixed assets. Even though the pandemic could have a significant impact in the economic activity in Argentina, what could be an impairment trigger, according to mentioned assessment, no negative impacts have been identified in the capacity of generation of future cash flows of the Company as a consequence of the pandemic, as the volume of operations is expected to remain stable.

On the other hand, the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the movement of people included, initially, the closure of in-person collection channels, affecting the collections of the Company since March 20, 2020. However, this situation was gradually regularized during the second quarter of 2020 as in-person collection channels reopened and digital channels were strengthened through the implementation of “I pay from home”. The Company’s Management estimates that the deterioration of the economic situation of the country represents an increase in trade receivables credit risk at the end of the reporting period. These consolidated financial statements include an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts as a consequence of the application of the expected credit losses of IFRS 9. For further information on the breakdown and maturity dates of trade receivables, see Notes 5 and 26, respectively, to these consolidated financial statements.

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The negative effects generated on the collection of service fees mentioned above does not represent a liquidity risk regarding the fulfillment of short-term financial obligations, since the Company has been working long strengthening its liquidity. Telecom and its subsidiaries have enough liquidity, bank credit lines and a notes program that allow them to finance their short-term obligations and the investment plan in addition to the projected operating cash flows.

However, the Company implemented measures that allowed it to have the highest possible liquidity to face the volatility of the context with greater uncertainty, offset the potential decrease in cash flows and fulfill its obligations.

The ultimate effects of Covid-19 and its impact on the global and local economy are still unknown. Governments may issue stricter measures, which cannot be predicted at this stage. The Company’s Management will continue to develop actions that minimize the potential impairment on its results, as a result of these situations, maintaining a level of service and customer satisfaction, and seeking to maximize the precautions in social management in this context.

The Company's Board of Directors and the Crisis Committee continue monitoring the evolution of the situation and taking the necessary measures to preserve human life and the sustainability of Telecom's businesses.

In connection with the Notes Global Program for a maximum outstanding amount of US$3,000 million or its equivalent in other currencies, the Company announced on January 14, 2021, the subscription of new series of notes for a total nominal value determined in UVA equivalent for up to $1,500, that could be increased to $12,000. The amount of the Notes finally issued and its main characteristics are detailed below:

Amount involved: 133,628,950 UVA (equivalent to $8,708,598,672 Argentine pesos as of the date of issuance).

Interest rate and Payment Date: Interest is payable on a quarterly basis from its issuance date until its maturity date at an annual fixed rate of 4.00%. The last interest payment date will be on maturity date.

During February 2021 cash dividends were collected form Ver TV and TSMA in an amount of $157 ($156 directly and $1 indirectly through the subsidiary Inter Radios).

F-90

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
American Depositary Shares, representing Class B Ordinary Shares	TEO	New York Stock Exchange
Class B Ordinary Shares, nominal value P$1.00 per share	TECO2	New York Stock Exchange*

Class A Ordinary Shares, nominal value P$1.00 each	683,856,600
Class B Ordinary Shares, nominal value P$1.00 each	628,058,019
Class C Ordinary Shares, nominal value P$1.00 each	106,734
Class D Ordinary Shares, nominal value P$1.00 each	841,666,658

Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

		Page
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		3
GLOSSARY OF TERMS		5

	PART I

ITEM 1.	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS	12
ITEM 2.	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE	12
ITEM 3.	KEY INFORMATION	12
ITEM 4.	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY	42
ITEM 4A.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	65
ITEM 5.	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS	66
ITEM 6.	DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES	93
ITEM 7.	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	105
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	109
ITEM 9.	THE OFFER AND LISTING	110
ITEM 10.	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	111
ITEM 11.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	137
ITEM 12.	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES	139

	PART II

ITEM 13.	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES	140
ITEM 14.	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS	140
ITEM 15.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	140
ITEM 16A.	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT	141
ITEM 16B.	CODE OF ETHICS	141
ITEM 16C.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	141
ITEM 16D.	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES	143
ITEM 16E.	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS	143
ITEM 16F.	CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT	143
ITEM 16G.	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	143
ITEM 16H.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE	144

	PART III

ITEM 17.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	145
ITEM 18.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	145
ITEM 19.	EXHIBITS	145

	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016 (8)

	(P$ million, except per share and per ADS data in P$)
INCOME STATEMENT DATA
Total revenues		301,596			322,686			351,948			139,586			126,510
Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets)		(198,708	)		(217,744	)		(233,892	)		(89,085	)		(84,205	)
Operating costs – depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets		(82,594	)		(83,439	)		(73,535	)		(20,533	)		(16,510	)
Operating income		20,294			21,503			44,521			29,968			25,795
Other, net (1)		(17,147	)		(7,506	)		(38,870	)		2,232			8,890
Income tax (expense) benefit		(8,251	)		(19,290	)		5,943			(11,553	)		(12,597	)
Net (loss) income		(5,104	)		(5,293	)		11,594			20,647			22,088
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax		(1,822	)		(2,927	)		3,142			(1,481	)		(3,282	)
Total Comprehensive (Loss) Income		(6,926	)		(8,220	)		14,736			19,166			18,806
Total Comprehensive (Loss) Income attributable to Telecom Argentina		(7,200	)		(8,438	)		13,458			19,035			18,686
Total Comprehensive Income attributable to Non-controlling Interest		274			218			1,278			131			120
Number of shares outstanding at year-end (in millions of shares) (2)		2,154			2,154			2,154			0.120			0.120
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Telecom Argentina (basic and diluted) (3)		(2.65	)		(2.78	)		5.15			17.21			18.49
Net (loss) income per ADS (4)		(13.25	)		(13.89	)		25.76			n/a			n/a
Dividends per share (5)		11.94			22.64			28.02			48,344			27,278
Dividends per ADS (6)		59.7			113.17			140.12			n/a			n/a

FINANCIAL POSITION DATA
Current assets		53,263			69,129			70,134			22,255			n/a
PP&E, Intangible assets and Rights of Use Assets		442,661			460,223			440,528			105,422			n/a
Goodwill		251,908			252,052			252,262			66,923			n/a
Other non-current assets		4,222			5,693			15,627			2,416			n/a
Total assets		752,054			787,097			778,551			197,016			n/a
Current liabilities		106,050			117,056			111,934			38,999			n/a
Non-current liabilities		257,149			248,214			187,200			42,768			n/a
Total liabilities		363,199			365,270			299,134			81,767			n/a
Total equity		388,855			421,827			479,417			115,249			n/a
Equity attributable to Telecom Argentina		382,456			415,335			472,659			113,476			n/a
Equity attributable to Non-controlling Interest		6,399			6,492			6,758			1,773			n/a
Total Capital Stock (7)		2,154			2,154			2,169			1,200			n/a

¨	REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

OR

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to

OR

¨	SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	Average(1)		End of Period
Year Ended December 31, 2016		14.99		15.89
Year Ended December 31, 2017		16.73		18.65
Year Ended December 31, 2018		29.26		37.70
Year Ended December 31, 2019		49.31		59.89
Year Ended December 31, 2020		71.61		84.15
March 2021 (through March 22, 2021)		-		91.57

	·	Business Support Systems Transformation (the “#FAN Program”). The FAN Program is a comprehensive renewal program of the platforms managing the customer relationship, including the provision, charging, invoicing and collection of our services. In 2020 we implemented mobile functionality, migrating over 10 million mobile customers to the new platform. We also developed new functionalities, incorporating to the new platform improved key business processes such as improvements in retail defaulted-payment processes and number portability processes.

	·	Real Time Decision and Diagnostics Tools. Within the big data and analytics framework, we consolidated the data office scheme and the customization of our “Real Time Decision” capabilities. This allows us to execute personalized and analytically optimized decisions, giving customers a unique, differential and personalized offer. We added new functionalities to make our best offers tailored to customers.

	December 31, 2020 (In thousands of P$)
Roaming agreements (mobile services)	Receivables		Payables
Iran		22.4		29.4
Total		22.4		29.4
% of respective consolidated total amounts		(a)		(a)

	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
			(P$ million)
Land and buildings		6		29		12
Switching equipment		435		471		467
Mobile network access, external wiring & transmission		9,761		9,898		11,351
Computer equipment and software		2,738		1,212		2,425
Other		40,501		75,334		68,596
Subtotal tangible capital expenditures		53,441		86,944		82,851
Licenses		-		19		1,767
Subscribers acquisition costs		1,764		2,192		2,823
Other		527		1		1,495
Subtotal intangible capital expenditures		2,291		2,212		6,085
Total capital expenditures in PP&E and intangible assets		55,732		89,156		88,936
Right of use assets		11,018		7,320		133
Total capital expenditures in PP&E and intangible assets and Right of use assets		66,750		96,476		89,069

	As of December 31, 2020
	Services rendered in Argentina		Other abroad		Total
			(P$ million)
Land and buildings		41,188		709		41,897
Switching equipment		3,293		1,090		4,383
Mobile network access, external wiring & transmission		135,504		7,092		142,596
Computer equipment and software		24,373		1,920		26,293
Materials		25,305		1,587		26,892
Others		77,402		4,816		82,218
Total PP&E, net carrying value		307,065		17,214		324,279	(1)

	As of December 31, 2016			As of December 31, 2017			As of December 31, 2018			As of December 31, 2019			As of December 31, 2020
Variation in Prices
Annual / Period		34.6	%		24.7	%		47.6	%		53.8	%		36.1	%
Accumulated 3 years		102.2	%		96.6	%		147.8	%		183.2	%		209.2	%

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			Total Change

	(P$ million)						%			(P$ million)
Revenues		301,596			322,686			(6.5	)		(21,090	)
Operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets)		(198,708	)		(217,744	)		(8.7	)		19,036
Adjusted EBITDA(1)		102,888			104,942			(2.0	)		(2,054	)
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets		(82,594	)		(83,439	)		(1.0	)		845
Operating income		20,294			21,503			(5.6	)		(1,209	)
Earnings (losses) from associates		496			(255	)		n/a			751
Debt financial expenses		(24,698	)		(22,677	)		8.9			(2,021	)
Other financial results, net		7,055			15,426			(54.3	)		(8,371	)
Income tax expense		(8,251	)		(19,290	)		(57.2	)		11,039
Net loss		(5,104	)		(5,293	)		(3.6	)		189

Net (loss) income attributable to:
Telecom Argentina (Controlling Company)		(5,715	)		(5,985	)		(4.5	)		270
Non-controlling interest		611			692			(11.7	)		(81	)

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	(P$ million)
Total Mobile service revenues		100,447
Components of service revenues not included in the ARPU calculation: Outcollect wholesale roaming, cell sites rental, Reconnection fees and others		(2,109	)
Adjusted total service revenues included in the ARPU calculation		98,338
Average number of subscribers during the year (thousands)		18,786

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	(P$ million)
Total Internet service revenues		62,793
Components of service revenues not included in the ARPU calculation		-
Adjusted total service revenues included in the ARPU calculation		62,793
Average number of subscribers during the year (thousands)		4,117

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	(P$ million)
Total Cable television service revenues		54,776
Components of service revenues not included in the ARPU calculation: Connection and Reconnection fees and others		(133	)
Adjusted total service revenues included in the ARPU calculation		54,643
Average number of subscribers during the year (thousands)		3,294

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019	Total Change

	(P$ million)			%			(P$ million)
Employee benefit expenses and severance payments		58,476	63,348		(7.7	)		(4,872	)
Interconnection and transmission costs		11,254	10,238		9.9			1,016
Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies		33,012	36,223		(8.9	)		(3,211	)
Taxes and fees with the Regulatory Authority		23,020	25,029		(8.0	)		(2,009	)
Commissions and advertising		17,252	19,893		(13.3	)		(2,641	)
Cost of equipment and handsets		11,132	14,634		(23.9	)		(3,502	)
Programming and content costs		20,169	24,548		(17.8	)		(4,379	)
Bad debt expenses		10,805	8,619		25.4			2,186
Other operating expenses		13,588	15,212		(10.7	)		(1,624	)
Total operating costs (without depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets)		198,708	217,744		(8.7	)		(19,036	)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			Total Change

	(P$ million)						%
Net loss		(5,104	)		(5,293	)		(3.6	)	189
Income tax expense		8,251			19,290			(57.2	)	(11,039	)
Other financial results, net		(7,055	)		(15,426	)		(54.3	)	8,371
Debt financial expenses		24,698			22,677			8.9		2,021
(Earnings) losses from associates		(496	)		255			n/a		(751	)
Operating income		20,294			21,503			(5.6	)	(1,209	)
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets		82,594			83,439			(1.0	)	(845	)
Adjusted EBITDA		102,888			104,942			(2.0	)	(2,054	)

	Years Ended December 31,						% of Change
	2020			2019			2020-2019
	(P$ million / %)						Increase/(Decrease)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)		102,888			104,942			(2.0	)
As % of revenues		34.1			32.5
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets		(82,594	)		(83,439	)		(1.0	)
As % of revenues		(27.4	)		(25.9	)
Operating income		20,294			21,503			(5.6	)
As % of revenues		6.7			6.7

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	(P$ million)
Total Mobile service revenues		96,746
Components of service revenues not included in the ARPU calculation: Outcollect wholesale roaming, cell sites rental, Reconnection fees and others		(472	)
Adjusted total service revenues included in the ARPU calculation		96,274
Average number of subscribers during the year (thousands)		18,584

	·	Núcleo’s subscriber base was 2.3 million and 2.4 million customers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively;
	·	approximately 83% of the total of customers consisted of prepaid customers, and 17% consist of postpaid customers, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively;
	·	the ARPU is P$472.4 as of December 31, 2019 (vs. P$432.1 as of December 31, 2018), representing a 9.3% variation. The increase was mainly due to an improvement in ARPU measured in Guaraníes of 6.7% and the effect of the exchange rate differences; and
	·	the churn rate per month amounted to 3.2% in 2019 (vs. 3.0% in 2018).

	2020			2019			Variation

	(P$ million)
Trade receivables		18,956			23,096			(4,140	)
Other receivables (not considering financial NDF)		5,514			6,027			(513	)
Inventories		3,722			4,373			(651	)
Current liabilities (not considering financial debt)		(64,448	)		(69,025	)		4,577
Operating working capital - negative		(36,256	)		(35,529	)		(727	)
As % of Revenues		12.0	%		11.0	%

Cash and cash equivalents		18,527			34,827			(16,300	)
Financial NDF		2			222			(220	)
Investments		6,542			584			5,958
Current financial debt		(41,602	)		(48,031	)		6,429
Net Current financial (liability) asset		(16,531	)		(12,398	)		(4,133	)

Negative operating working capital (current assets — current liabilities)		(52,787	)		(47,927	)		(4,860	)
Liquidity rate		0.50			0.59			(0.09	)

	Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years		Total

	(in millions of Argentine Pesos)
Debt obligations (1)		44,774		106,737		50,412		38,435		240,358
Operating lease obligations		226		96		2		-		324
Purchase obligations (2)		12,564		47,529		1,200		651		61,944
Lease liabilities		3,595		4,128		2,159		1,455		11,337
Other long-term liabilities (3)		1,100		807		294		312		2,513
Total		62,259		159,297		54,067		40,853		316,476

Name	Position on the Board of Directors	Date Director joined the Board of Directors
Carlos Alberto Moltini	Chairman of the Board of Directors	January 1, 2020
Mariano Marcelo Ibáñez	Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors	March 8, 2016
Alejandro Alberto Urricelqui	Director	January 1, 2018
Sebastián Bardengo	Director	January 1, 2018
Damián Fabio Cassino	Director	January 1, 2018
Carlos Alejandro Harrison	Director	March 8, 2016
Martín Héctor D´Ambrosio	Director	March 8, 2016
Germán Horacio Vidal	Director	January 1, 2018
Luca Luciani	Director	January 31, 2018
Baruki Luis Alberto González	Director	April 8, 2016
Eduardo Enrique de Pedro	Director	June 4, 2020
María Lucila Romero	Alternate Director	January 1, 2018
Sebastián Ricardo Frabosqui Diaz	Alternate Director	January 1, 2018

Name	Position (1)	Date of Designation
Roberto D. Nobile	Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)	January 1, 2020
Gabriel P. Blasi	Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)	September 27, 2017
Hernán P. Verdaguer	Director of Regulatory Matters	November 16, 2017
Pedro L. López Matheu	Director of External Communications, Sustainability and Media	June 14, 2016
Pablo C. Casey	Director of Legal and Institutional	November 16, 2017
Sebastián Palla	Director of Procurement	August 8, 2016
Sergio D. Faraudo	Director of Human Capital	November 16, 2017
Gonzalo Hita	Chief Operating Officer (“COO”)	November 16, 2017
Miguel A. Fernandez	Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”)	November 16, 2017
Alejandro Miralles	Chief Audit & Compliance Officer	November 16, 2017
Pablo Esses	Chief Information Officer (“CIO”)	May 23, 2018
Gerardo H. Maurer	Director of Security	November 27, 2014
Fernando Cravero	Director of International Operations	March 1,2018

Name	Position on the Supervisory Committee	Profession
Pablo Andrés Buey Fernández	Member	Lawyer
Pablo Gabriel San Martín	Member	Accountant
María Ximena Digón	Member	Lawyer
Alejandro Héctor Massa	Member	Accountant
Eduardo Javier Villegas Contte	Member	Accountant
Javier Alegría	Alternate Member	Lawyer
Rubén Suárez	Alternate Member	Accountant
Matías Alejandro Fredriks	Alternate Member	Lawyer
Ona Celia Dimnik	Alternate Member	Lawyer
Juan Pedro Torassa	Alternate Member	Lawyer

	Number of Shares		Percent of			Percent of Total Capital
	Owned		Class			Stock (1)
Class A Ordinary Shares:
Fintech Telecom LLC		448,679,250		65.61	%		20.83	%
Voting Trust (3)		235,177,350		34.39	%		10.92	%
Total Class A Ordinary Shares		683,856,600		100	%		31.75	%
Class B Ordinary Shares (listed in BCBA):
ANSES - FGS		246,018,839		39.17	%		11.42	%
Others (2)		382,039,180		60.83	%		17.74	%
Total Class B Ordinary Shares		628,058,019		100	%		29.16	%
Class C Ordinary Shares:
Others		106,734		100	%		0.01	%
Total Class C Ordinary Shares		106,734		100	%		0.01	%
Class D Ordinary Shares:
Cablevisión Holding S.A.		406,757,183		48.33	%		18.89	%
VLG S.A.U.		199,732,125		23.73	%		9.27	%
Voting Trust (3)		235,177,350		27.94	%		10.92	%
Total Class D Ordinary Shares		841,666,658		100	%		39.08	%

Total Capital Stock		2,153,688,011		-			100.00	%

Class of shares (*)	Outstanding Shares
Class A Shares		683,856,600
Class B Shares		628,058,019
Class C Shares		106,734
Class D Shares		841,666,658
Total		2,153,688,011

	1)	Consider the difference between assets and liabilities as of December 18, 2020, according to the financial statement prepared as of that date and only for this purpose, or

Services Rendered	2020		2019
Audit fees (1)		120.4		122.0
Audit related fees (2)		3.4		-
Tax fees (3)		7.1		6.4
All other fees (4)		38.3		60.9
Total		169.2		189.3

			Page
Telecom Argentina S.A.:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			F-2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position			F-6
Consolidated Income Statements			F-7
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			F-8
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity			F-9
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			F-11
Glossary of Terms			F-12
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements			F-14

1.1		Estatutos Sociales (Bylaws) of Telecom Argentina, as amended and restated (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Telecom’s report on Form 6-K filed on December 28, 2018).

2.1		Deposit Agreement, dated November 8, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Telecom’s registration statement on Form F-6 (No. 333-07452)).

2.2		Form of Amendment No. 1 to Deposit Agreement, dated August 28, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Telecom’s registration statement on Form F-6 (No. 333-07452)).

2.3		Amended and Restated Indenture between Cablevisión S.A. as issuer, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, paying agent, registrar and transfer agent, dated December 11, 2017 (included as Exhibit 4.3 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

2.4		Supplemental Indenture to the Amended and Restated Indenture between Telecom Argentina S.A. (as successor to Cablevisión S.A.) as issuer, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, paying agent, registrar and transfer agent and Banco Comafi S.A. (as successor to Deutsche Bank S.A.), as Argentine registrar and transfer agent, Argentine paying agent and representative of the trustee in Argentina, dated July 12, 2018 (included as Exhibit 4.4 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

2.5		Indenture between Telecom Argentina S.A., as issuer, Citibank, N.A. as trustee, paying agent, registrar and transfer agent and Citibank, N.A. as Argentine registrar and transfer agent and representative of the trustee in Argentina, dated July 18, 2019 (included as Exhibit 2.5 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 18, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).

2.6		Description of rights of each class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (included as Exhibit 2.6 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 18, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein.

3.1		Voting Trust Agreement between Cablevisión Holding S.A., VLG S.A.U., Fintech Telecom LLC, Fintech Advisory, Inc., Mr. Héctor Horacio Magnetto, Mr. José Antonio Aranda, Mr. Lucio Rafael Pagliaro and Mr. David Manuel Martínez Guzmán, dated April 15, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 99.9 to Telecom’s Schedule 13D filed on April 16, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.1		Telecom Shareholders’ Agreement among VLG Argentina LLC, CVH, Fintech Telecom, LLC, Fintech Media, LLC and Fintech Advisory Inc., dated July 7, 2017 (previously filed as Exhibit 32 to Telecom’s Schedule 13D filed on July 10, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.2		Preliminary Reorganization Agreement among Telecom, Nortel, Sofora and Personal, dated March 31, 2017 (included as Annex A of the registration statement on Form F-4 filed by Telecom on May 17, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.3		Preliminary Merger Agreement between Telecom and Cablevisión, dated June 30, 2017, and the related exhibits thereto (previously furnished on Form 6-K (File No. 001-13464) on August 28, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.4		Syndicated Loan Agreement between Telecom Argentina and Citibank, N.A., HSBC México S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander, S.A., as lenders, Citibank N.A., HSBC México, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander S.A., as joint bookrunners and lead arrangers, Citibank N.A., as administrative agent and the Branch of Citibank N.A., established in the Republic of Argentina, as onshore custody agent, dated October 8, 2018 (included as Exhibit 15.6 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.5		Amendment Agreement to the Syndicated Loan Agreement between Telecom Argentina and Citibank, N.A., HSBC México S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander, S.A., as lenders, Citibank N.A., HSBC México, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero HSBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, Dubai (DIFC) Branch, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Banco Santander S.A., as joint bookrunners and lead arrangers, Citibank N.A., as administrative agent and the Branch of Citibank N.A., established in the Republic of Argentina, as onshore custody agent, dated February 11, 2019 (included as Exhibit 15.7 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.6		DB Loan Agreement between Telecom Argentina and Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, as initial lender, sole book-runner and lead arranger and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as administrative agent, dated November 8, 2018 (included as Exhibit 15.8 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.7		Lender Accession Agreement between Telecom Argentina and CPPIB Credit Investments Inc., Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as sole book-runner and lead arranger, dated November 14, 2018 (included as Exhibit 15.9 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.8		Loan Agreement between Telecom Argentina and International Finance Corporation, dated March 4, 2019 (included as Exhibit 15.10 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 26, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.9		Amended and Restated Common Terms Agreement between Telecom Argentina and Inter-American Investment Corporation, dated February 4, 2020 (included as Exhibit 4.9 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 18, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).

4.10		Amended and Restated IDB Invest Loan Agreement between Telecom Argentina and Inter-American Investment Corporation, dated February 4, 2020 (included as Exhibit 4.10 of the Form 20-F filed by Telecom Argentina on March 18, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein).

8.1		List of Subsidiaries.

12.1		Certification of Roberto D. Nobile of Telecom Argentina S.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

12.2		Certification of Gabriel Blasi of Telecom Argentina S.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

13.1		Certification of Roberto D. Nobile and Gabriel Blasi pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

	Telecom Argentina S.A.
	By:	/s/ GABRIEL BLASI
		Name:	Gabriel Blasi
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer
Date: March 25, 2021