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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 7:  Income Taxes

Management estimates the annual effective income tax rate quarterly, based on current annual forecasted results. Items unrelated to current year ordinary income are recognized entirely in the period identified as a discrete item of tax. The quarterly income tax provision (benefit) is comprised of tax on ordinary income provided at the most recent estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”), increased or decreased for the tax effect of discrete items.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, our estimated annual effective tax rates applied to ordinary income (losses) were 22.6% and 40.5%, respectively.  The difference between the statutory rate and the projected annual ETR of 22.6%, for 2017, is primarily due to the research and development (“R&D”) credit.  The ETR for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 reflected a tax benefit on an estimated pre-tax loss for the year and a further benefit for the R&D credit.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized $0.3 million of discrete items in accordance with ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which now requires tax expense to be recognized as discrete items in the quarter that stock options expire, or are forfeited.  The Company also recognized $0.1 million for a change in the state deferred tax rate due to changes in the state apportionment.  These increases were partially offset by the reversal of $0.1 million of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.